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Shao B, Shimizu-Albergine M, Kramer F, Kanter JE, Heinecke JW, Vaisar T, Mittendorfer B, Patterson BW, Bornfeldt KE. A targeted proteomics method for quantifying plasma apolipoprotein kinetics in individual mice using stable isotope labeling. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100531. [PMID: 38490635 PMCID: PMC11002879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Altered apolipoprotein kinetics play a critical role in promoting dyslipidemia and atherogenesis. Human apolipoprotein kinetics have been extensively evaluated, but similar studies in mice are hampered by the lack of robust methods suitable for the small amounts of blood that can be collected at sequential time points from individual mice. We describe a targeted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneously quantifying the stable isotope enrichment of several apolipoproteins represented by multiple peptides in serial blood samples (15 μl each) obtained after retro-orbital injection of 13C6,15N2-lysine (Lys8) in mice. We determined apolipoprotein fractional clearance rates (FCRs) and production rates (PRs) in WT mice and in two genetic models widely used for atherosclerosis research, LDL receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) and apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice. Injection of Lys8 produced a unique and readily detectable mass shift of labeled compared with unlabeled peptides with sensitivity allowing robust kinetics analyses. Ldlr-/- mice showed slower FCRs of APOA1, APOA4, total APOB, APOB100, APOCs, APOE and APOM, while FCRs of APOA1, APOB100, APOC2, APOC3, and APOM were not lower in Apoe-/- mice versus WT mice. APOE PR was increased in Ldlr-/- mice, and APOB100 and APOA4 PRs were reduced in Apoe-/- mice. Thus, our method reproducibly quantifies plasma apolipoprotein kinetics in different mouse models. The method can easily be expanded to include a wide range of proteins in the same biospecimen and should be useful for determining the kinetics of apolipoproteins in animal models of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohai Shao
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Masami Shimizu-Albergine
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Farah Kramer
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jenny E Kanter
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bettina Mittendorfer
- Division of Nutritional Science and Obesity Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA; Departments of Medicine and Nutrition & Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bruce W Patterson
- Division of Nutritional Science and Obesity Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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He Y, Pavanello C, Hutchins PM, Tang C, Pourmousa M, Vaisar T, Song HD, Pastor RW, Remaley AT, Goldberg IJ, Costacou T, Sean Davidson W, Bornfeldt KE, Calabresi L, Segrest JP, Heinecke JW. Flipped C-Terminal Ends of APOA1 Promote ABCA1-Dependent Cholesterol Efflux by Small HDLs. Circulation 2024; 149:774-787. [PMID: 38018436 PMCID: PMC10913861 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.065959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) predicts cardiovascular disease independently of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Isolated small HDL particles are potent promoters of macrophage CEC by the ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) pathway, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. METHODS We used model system studies of reconstituted HDL and plasma from control and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)-deficient subjects to investigate the relationships among the sizes of HDL particles, the structure of APOA1 (apolipoprotein A1) in the different particles, and the CECs of plasma and isolated HDLs. RESULTS We quantified macrophage and ABCA1 CEC of 4 distinct sizes of reconstituted HDL. CEC increased as particle size decreased. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of chemically cross-linked peptides and molecular dynamics simulations of APOA1, the major protein of HDL, indicated that the mobility of C-terminus of that protein was markedly higher and flipped off the surface in the smallest particles. To explore the physiological relevance of the model system studies, we isolated HDL from LCAT-deficient subjects, whose small HDLs (like reconstituted HDLs) are discoidal and composed of APOA1, cholesterol, and phospholipid. Despite their very low plasma levels of HDL particles, these subjects had normal CEC. In both the LCAT-deficient subjects and control subjects, the CEC of isolated extra-small HDL (a mixture of extra-small and small HDL by calibrated ion mobility analysis) was 3- to 5-fold greater than that of the larger sizes of isolated HDL. Incubating LCAT-deficient plasma and control plasma with human LCAT converted extra-small and small HDL particles into larger particles, and it markedly inhibited CEC. CONCLUSIONS We present a mechanism for the enhanced CEC of small HDLs. In smaller particles, the C-termini of the 2 antiparallel molecules of APOA1 are "flipped" off the lipid surface of HDL. This extended conformation allows them to engage with ABCA1. In contrast, the C-termini of larger HDLs are unable to interact productively with ABCA1 because they form a helical bundle that strongly adheres to the lipid on the particle. Enhanced CEC, as seen with the smaller particles, predicts decreased cardiovascular disease risk. Thus, extra-small and small HDLs may be key mediators and indicators of the cardioprotective effects of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., P.M.H., C.T., T.V., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | - Chiara Pavanello
- Centro Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy (C.P., L.C.)
| | - Patrick M. Hutchins
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., P.M.H., C.T., T.V., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | - Chongren Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., P.M.H., C.T., T.V., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | - Mohsen Pourmousa
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (M.P., R.W.P.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., P.M.H., C.T., T.V., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | - Hyun D. Song
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (H.D.S., J.P.S.)
| | - Richard W. Pastor
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (M.P., R.W.P.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alan T. Remaley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (A.T.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ira J. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY (I.J.G.)
| | - Tina Costacou
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (T.C.)
| | - W. Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (W.S.D.)
| | - Karin E. Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., P.M.H., C.T., T.V., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | - Laura Calabresi
- Centro Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy (C.P., L.C.)
| | - Jere P. Segrest
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (H.D.S., J.P.S.)
| | - Jay W. Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., P.M.H., C.T., T.V., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
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Heinecke JW, Vaisar T, Bornfeldt KE. Does small HDL's function improve when lipid-lowering alters its composition? J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100505. [PMID: 38246236 PMCID: PMC10884751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Costacou T, Miller RG, Bornfeldt KE, Heinecke JW, Orchard TJ, Vaisar T. Sex differences in the associations of HDL particle concentration and cholesterol efflux capacity with incident coronary artery disease in type 1 diabetes: The RETRO HDLc cohort study. J Clin Lipidol 2024; 18:e218-e229. [PMID: 38320926 PMCID: PMC11069450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In type 1 diabetes, women lose their relative protection (compared to men) against coronary artery disease (CAD), while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is less strongly associated with lower CAD risk in women. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess whether sex differences in the HDL particle concentration (HDL-P) and cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) association with CAD may explain these findings. METHODS HDL-P (calibrated differential ion mobility analysis) and total and ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-specific CEC were quantified among 279 men and 271 women with type 1 diabetes (baseline mean age 27·8 years; diabetes duration, 19·6 years). Clinical CAD was defined as CAD death, myocardial infarction and/or coronary revascularization. RESULTS Women had higher large HDL-P levels and marginally lower concentrations of small HDL-P and ABCA1-specific CEC than men. No sex differences were observed in extra-small HDL-P, medium HDL-P and total CEC. During a median follow-up of 26 years, 37·6 % of men and 35·8 % of women developed CAD (p = 0·72). In multivariable Cox models stratified by sex (pTotal HDL-P x sex interaction=0·01), HDL-P was negatively associated with CAD incidence in both sexes. However, associations were stronger in men, particularly for extra-small HDL-P (hazard ratio (HR)men=0·11, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0·04-0·30; HRwomen=0·68, 95 % CI: 0·28-1·66; pinteraction=0·001). CEC did not independently predict CAD in either sex. CONCLUSION Despite few absolute differences in HDL-P concentrations by sex, the HDL-P - CAD association was weaker in women, particularly for extra-small HDL-P, suggesting that HDL-P may be less efficient in providing atheroprotection in women and perhaps explaining the lack of a sex difference in CAD in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Costacou
- Department of Epidemiology (Drs Costacou, Miller, Orchard), School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - Rachel G Miller
- Department of Epidemiology (Drs Costacou, Miller, Orchard), School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine (Drs Bornfeldt, Heinecke, Vaisar), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98102, United States
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine (Drs Bornfeldt, Heinecke, Vaisar), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98102, United States
| | - Trevor J Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology (Drs Costacou, Miller, Orchard), School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine (Drs Bornfeldt, Heinecke, Vaisar), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98102, United States
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Costacou T, Vaisar T, Miller RG, Davidson WS, Heinecke JW, Orchard TJ, Bornfeldt KE. HDL Particle Concentration and Size Predict Incident Coronary Artery Disease Events in People with Type 1 Diabetes. medRxiv 2023:2023.11.06.23298165. [PMID: 37986833 PMCID: PMC10659494 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.06.23298165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) negatively correlates with cardiovascular disease risk. Small HDL particles account almost quantitively for CEC, perhaps mediated through efflux of outer leaflet plasma membrane phospholipids by ABCA1. People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) despite normal levels of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C). We therefore tested the hypotheses that small HDL particles (HDL-P)-rather than HDL-C levels-predict incident CAD in T1D. Methods Incident CAD (CAD death, myocardial infarction, and/or coronary revascularization) was determined in a cohort of 550 participants with childhood-onset T1D. HDL-P was quantified by calibrated ion mobility analysis. CEC and phospholipid efflux were quantified with validated assays. Results During a median follow-up of 26 years, 36.5% of the participants developed incident CAD. In multivariable Cox models, levels of HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) did not predict CAD risk. In contrast, extra-small HDL particle levels strongly and negatively predicted risk (hazard ratio [HR]=0.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.13-0.49). An increased concentration of total HDL particles (T-HDL-P) (HR=0.87, CI=0.82-0.92) and three other HDL sizes were weaker predictors of risk: small HDL (HR=0.80, 0.65-0.98), medium HDL (HR=0.78, CI=0.70-0.87) and large HDL (HR=0.72, CI=0.59-0.89). Although CEC negatively associated with incident CAD, that association disappeared after the model was adjusted for T-HDL-P. Isolated small HDLs strongly promoted ABCA1-dependent efflux of membrane outer leaflet phospholipids. Conclusions Low concentrations of T-HDL-P and all four sizes of HDL subpopulations predicted incident CAD independently of HDL-C, APOA1, and other common CVD risk factors. Extra-small HDL was a much stronger predictor of risk than the other HDLs. Our data are consistent with the proposal that small HDLs play a critical role in cardioprotection in T1D, which might be mediated by macrophage plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipid export and cholesterol efflux by the ABCA1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Costacou
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Rachel G. Miller
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - W. Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45237
| | - Jay W. Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Trevor J. Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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He Y, Pavanello C, Hutchins PM, Tang C, Pourmousa M, Vaisar T, Song HD, Pastor RW, Remaley AT, Goldberg IJ, Costacou T, Davidson WS, Bornfeldt KE, Calabresi L, Segrest JP, Heinecke JW. Flipped C-Terminal Ends of APOA1 Promote ABCA1-dependent Cholesterol Efflux by Small HDLs. medRxiv 2023:2023.11.03.23297986. [PMID: 37961344 PMCID: PMC10635269 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.03.23297986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) independently of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Isolated small HDL particles are potent promoters of macrophage CEC by the ABCA1 pathway, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Methods We used model system studies of reconstituted HDL and plasma from control and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)-deficient subjects to investigate the relationships among the sizes of HDL particles, the structure of APOA1 in the different particles, and the CECs of plasma and isolated HDLs. Results We quantified macrophage and ABCA1 CEC of four distinct sizes of reconstituted HDL (r-HDL). CEC increased as particle size decreased. MS/MS analysis of chemically crosslinked peptides and molecular dynamics simulations of APOA1 (HDL's major protein) indicated that the mobility of that protein's C-terminus was markedly higher and flipped off the surface in the smallest particles. To explore the physiological relevance of the model system studies, we isolated HDL from LCAT-deficient subjects, whose small HDLs-like r-HDLs-are discoidal and composed of APOA1, cholesterol, and phospholipid. Despite their very low plasma levels of HDL particles, these subjects had normal CEC. In both the LCAT-deficient subjects and control subjects, the CEC of isolated extra-small HDL (a mixture of extra-small and small HDL by calibrated ion mobility analysis) was 3-5-fold greater than that of the larger sizes of isolated HDL. Incubating LCAT-deficient plasma and control plasma with human LCAT converted extra-small and small HDL particles into larger particles, and it markedly inhibited CEC. Conclusions We present a mechanism for the enhanced CEC of small HDLs. In smaller particles, the C-termini of the two antiparallel molecules of APOA1 are flipped off the lipid surface of HDL. This extended conformation allows them to engage with ABCA1. In contrast, the C-termini of larger HDLs are unable to interact productively with ABCA1 because they form a helical bundle that strongly adheres to the lipid on the particle. Enhanced CEC, as seen with the smaller particles, predicts decreased CVD risk. Thus, extra-small and small HDLs may be key mediators and indicators of HDL's cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Chiara Pavanello
- Centro Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrick M Hutchins
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Chongren Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Mohsen Pourmousa
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Hyun D Song
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Richard W Pastor
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Tina Costacou
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45237, USA
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Laura Calabresi
- Centro Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Jere P Segrest
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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Segrest JP, Davidson WS, Heinecke JW. Phospholipid transport by ABCA1: the extracellular translocase or alternating access model? Curr Opin Lipidol 2023; 34:208-213. [PMID: 37548415 PMCID: PMC10528508 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays a key role in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) biogenesis and cholesterol export from artery wall cells. Recent evidence challenges the generally accepted model for lipid transport by ABCA1, termed the alternating access mechanism, which proposes that phospholipid moves from the inner leaflet to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. RECENT FINDINGS In contrast to the standard model, our computer simulations of ABCA1 indicate that ABCA1 extracts phospholipid from the plasma membrane's outer leaflet. The lipid then diffuses into the interior of ABCA1 to contact a structure termed the 'gateway'. A conformational change opens the gateway and forces the lipid through a ring-shaped domain, the 'annulus orifice', into the base of an elongated hydrophobic tunnel in the transporter's extracellular domain. Engineered mutations in the gateway and annulus strongly inhibited lipid export by ABCA1 without affecting cell-surface expression levels of the transporter, strongly supporting the proposed model. SUMMARY Our demonstration that ABCA1 extracts lipid from the outer face of the plasma membrane and forces it into an elongated hydrophobic tunnel contrasts with the alternating access model, which flops phospholipid from the membrane's inner leaflet to its outer leaflet. These results suggest that ABCA1 is a phospholipid translocase that transports lipids by a mechanism distinct from that of other ABC transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jere P. Segrest
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - W. Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45237
| | - Jay W. Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
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Merrill NJ, Davidson WS, He Y, Díaz Ludovico I, Sarkar S, Berger MR, McDermott JE, Van Eldik LJ, Wilcock DM, Monroe ME, Kyle JE, Bruce KD, Heinecke JW, Vaisar T, Raber J, Quinn JF, Melchior JT. Human cerebrospinal fluid contains diverse lipoprotein subspecies enriched in proteins implicated in central nervous system health. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadi5571. [PMID: 37647397 PMCID: PMC10468133 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipoproteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the central nervous system (CNS) resemble plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), which are a compositionally and structurally diverse spectrum of nanoparticles with pleiotropic functionality. Whether CSF lipoproteins (CSF-Lps) exhibit similar heterogeneity is poorly understood because they are present at 100-fold lower concentrations than plasma HDL. To investigate the diversity of CSF-Lps, we developed a sensitive fluorescent technology to characterize lipoprotein subspecies in small volumes of human CSF. We identified 10 distinctly sized populations of CSF-Lps, most of which were larger than plasma HDL. Mass spectrometric analysis identified 303 proteins across the populations, over half of which have not been reported in plasma HDL. Computational analysis revealed that CSF-Lps are enriched in proteins important for wound healing, inflammation, immune response, and both neuron generation and development. Network analysis indicated that different subpopulations of CSF-Lps contain unique combinations of these proteins. Our study demonstrates that CSF-Lp subspecies likely exist that contain compositional signatures related to CNS health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J. Merrill
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - W. Sean Davidson
- Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Yi He
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ivo Díaz Ludovico
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Snigdha Sarkar
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Madelyn R. Berger
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Jason E. McDermott
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Linda J. Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40504, USA
| | - Donna M. Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40504, USA
| | - Matthew E. Monroe
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Kyle
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Kimberley D. Bruce
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jay W. Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Radiation Medicine, ONPRC, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Neurology and Parkinson’s Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center (PADRECC), VA Portland Healthcare System, Portland OR 97239, USA
| | - John T. Melchior
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Jerome WGJ, Hart RC, Aller SG, Tang C, Heinecke JW, Davidson WS, Segrest JP. Specialized Cellular Domains for ABCA1-mediated Cholesterol Efflux Detected by Quantitative Electron Microscopy. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1096-1097. [PMID: 37613175 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W Gray Jay Jerome
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel C Hart
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stephen G Aller
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chongren Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jere P Segrest
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Palacios E, Lobos-González L, Guerrero S, Kogan MJ, Shao B, Heinecke JW, Quest AFG, Leyton L, Valenzuela-Valderrama M. Helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles induce astrocyte reactivity through nuclear factor-κappa B activation and cause neuronal damage in vivo in a murine model. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:66. [PMID: 36895046 PMCID: PMC9996972 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02728-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infects the stomach of 50% of the world's population. Importantly, chronic infection by this bacterium correlates with the appearance of several extra-gastric pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases. In such conditions, brain astrocytes become reactive and neurotoxic. However, it is still unclear whether this highly prevalent bacterium or the nanosized outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) they produce, can reach the brain, thus affecting neurons/astrocytes. Here, we evaluated the effects of Hp OMVs on astrocytes and neurons in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Purified OMVs were characterized by mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Labeled OMVs were administered orally or injected into the mouse tail vein to study OMV-brain distribution. By immunofluorescence of tissue samples, we evaluated: GFAP (astrocytes), βIII tubulin (neurons), and urease (OMVs). The in vitro effect of OMVs in astrocytes was assessed by monitoring NF-κB activation, expression of reactivity markers, cytokines in astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM), and neuronal cell viability. RESULTS Urease and GroEL were prominent proteins in OMVs. Urease (OMVs) was present in the mouse brain and its detection coincided with astrocyte reactivity and neuronal damage. In vitro, OMVs induced astrocyte reactivity by increasing the intermediate filament proteins GFAP and vimentin, the plasma membrane αVβ3 integrin, and the hemichannel connexin 43. OMVs also produced neurotoxic factors and promoted the release of IFNγ in a manner dependent on the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Surface antigens on reactive astrocytes, as well as secreted factors in response to OMVs, were shown to inhibit neurite outgrowth and damage neurons. CONCLUSIONS OMVs administered orally or injected into the mouse bloodstream reach the brain, altering astrocyte function and promoting neuronal damage in vivo. The effects of OMVs on astrocytes were confirmed in vitro and shown to be NF-κB-dependent. These findings suggest that Hp could trigger systemic effects by releasing nanosized vesicles that cross epithelial barriers and access the CNS, thus altering brain cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Palacios
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular, Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, 8330546, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Studies On Exercise Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380494, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380494, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo-Clínica Alemana, 7590943, Santiago, Chile
| | - Simón Guerrero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380494, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380494, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Atacama, 153601, Copiapó, Chile
| | - Marcelo J Kogan
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380494, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380494, Santiago, Chile
| | - Baohai Shao
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-8055, USA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-8055, USA
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Studies On Exercise Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380494, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Studies On Exercise Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile. .,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380494, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Manuel Valenzuela-Valderrama
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular, Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, 8330546, Santiago, Chile. .,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 8380494, Santiago, Chile.
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11
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Segrest JP, Tang C, Song HD, Jones MK, Davidson WS, Aller SG, Heinecke JW. ABCA1 is an extracellular phospholipid translocase. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4812. [PMID: 35974019 PMCID: PMC9381790 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of high density lipoprotein (HDL) requires ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) to drive phospholipid (PL) from the plasma membrane into extracellular apolipoprotein A-I. Here, we use simulations to show that domains of ABCA1 within the plasma membrane remove PL from the membrane’s outer leaflet. In our simulations, after the lipid diffuses into the interior of ABCA1’s outward-open cavity, PL extracted by the gateway passes through a ring-shaped domain, the annulus orifice, which forms the base of an elongated hydrophobic tunnel in the transporter’s extracellular domain. Engineered mutations in the gateway and annulus strongly inhibit lipid export by ABCA1 without affecting cell-surface expression levels. Our finding that ABCA1 extracts lipid from the outer face of the plasma membrane and forces it through its gateway and annulus into an elongated hydrophobic tunnel contrasts with the alternating access model, which proposes that ABCA1 flops PL substrate from the inner leaflet to the outer leaflet of the membrane. Consistent with our model, ABCA1 lacks the charged amino acid residues in the transmembrane domain found in the floppase members of the ABC transporter family. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) drives phospholipid (PL) from the plasma membrane into extracellular apolipoprotein A-I, for the production of high density lipoprotein (HDL). Here, the authors use simulations to assess the mechanism of ABCA1 function and show that ABCA1 extracts lipid from the outer face of the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jere P Segrest
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Chongren Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hyun D Song
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Martin K Jones
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stephen G Aller
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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12
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Shao B, Snell-Bergeon JK, Pyle LL, Thomas KE, de Boer IH, Kothari V, Segrest J, Davidson WS, Bornfeldt KE, Heinecke JW. Pulmonary surfactant protein B carried by HDL predicts incident CVD in patients with type 1 diabetes. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100196. [PMID: 35300983 PMCID: PMC9010748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic CVD is the major cause of death in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Alterations in the HDL proteome have been shown to associate with prevalent CVD in T1DM. We therefore sought to determine which proteins carried by HDL might predict incident CVD in patients with T1DM. Using targeted MS/MS, we quantified 50 proteins in HDL from 181 T1DM subjects enrolled in the prospective Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes study. We used Cox proportional regression analysis and a case-cohort design to test associations of HDL proteins with incident CVD (myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting, angioplasty, or death from coronary heart disease). We found that only one HDL protein-SFTPB (pulmonary surfactant protein B)-predicted incident CVD in all the models tested. In a fully adjusted model that controlled for lipids and other risk factors, the hazard ratio was 2.17 per SD increase of SFTPB (95% confidence interval, 1.12-4.21, P = 0.022). In addition, plasma fractionation demonstrated that SFTPB is nearly entirely bound to HDL. Although previous studies have shown that high plasma levels of SFTPB associate with prevalent atherosclerosis only in smokers, we found that SFTPB predicted incident CVD in T1DM independently of smoking status and a wide range of confounding factors, including HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglyceride levels. Because SFTPB is almost entirely bound to plasma HDL, our observations support the proposal that SFTPB carried by HDL is a marker-and perhaps mediator-of CVD risk in patients with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohai Shao
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | - Laura L Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katie E Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian H de Boer
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vishal Kothari
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jere Segrest
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William S Davidson
- Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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13
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Bedi S, Morris J, Shah A, Hart RC, Jerome WG, Aller SG, Tang C, Vaisar T, Bornfeldt KE, Segrest JP, Heinecke JW, Davidson WS. Conformational flexibility of apolipoprotein A-I amino- and carboxy-termini is necessary for lipid binding but not cholesterol efflux. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100168. [PMID: 35051413 PMCID: PMC8953623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of its critical role in HDL formation, significant efforts have been devoted to studying apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) structural transitions in response to lipid binding. To assess the requirements for the conformational freedom of its termini during HDL particle formation, we generated three dimeric APOA1 molecules with their termini covalently joined in different combinations. The dimeric (d)-APOA1C-N mutant coupled the C-terminus of one APOA1 molecule to the N-terminus of a second with a short alanine linker, whereas the d-APOA1C-C and d-APOA1N-N mutants coupled the C-termini and the N-termini of two APOA1 molecules, respectively, using introduced cysteine residues to form disulfide linkages. We then tested the ability of these constructs to generate reconstituted HDL by detergent-assisted and spontaneous phospholipid microsolubilization methods. Using cholate dialysis, we demonstrate WT and all APOA1 mutants generated reconstituted HDL particles of similar sizes, morphologies, compositions, and abilities to activate lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. Unlike WT, however, the mutants were incapable of spontaneously solubilizing short chain phospholipids into discoidal particles. We found lipid-free d-APOA1C-N and d-APOA1N-N retained most of WT APOA1's ability to promote cholesterol efflux via the ATP binding cassette transporter A1, whereas d-APOA1C-C exhibited impaired cholesterol efflux. Our data support the double belt model for a lipid-bound APOA1 structure in nascent HDL particles and refute other postulated arrangements like the "double super helix." Furthermore, we conclude the conformational freedom of both the N- and C-termini of APOA1 is important in spontaneous microsolubilization of bulk phospholipid but is not critical for ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpi Bedi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jamie Morris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Amy Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rachel C Hart
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - W Gray Jerome
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stephen G Aller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chongren Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jere P Segrest
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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14
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Shimizu-Albergine M, Basu D, Kanter JE, Kramer F, Kothari V, Barnhart S, Thornock C, Mullick AE, Clouet-Foraison N, Vaisar T, Heinecke JW, Hegele RA, Goldberg IJ, Bornfeldt KE. CREBH normalizes dyslipidemia and halts atherosclerosis in diabetes by decreasing circulating remnant lipoproteins. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e153285. [PMID: 34491909 DOI: 10.1172/jci153285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the transcription factor CREB3L3 (CREBH) associate with severe hypertriglyceridemia in humans. CREBH is believed to lower plasma triglycerides by augmenting the action of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). However, by using a mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), we found that greater liver expression of active CREBH normalized both elevated plasma triglycerides and cholesterol. Residual triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) remnants were enriched in apolipoprotein E (APOE) and impoverished in APOC3, an apolipoprotein composition indicative of increased hepatic clearance. The underlying mechanism was independent of LPL as CREBH reduced both triglycerides and cholesterol in LPL-deficient mice. Instead, APOE was critical for CREBH's ability to lower circulating remnant lipoproteins because it failed to reduce TRL cholesterol in Apoe-/- mice. Importantly, humans with CREB3L3 loss-of-function mutations exhibited increased levels of remnant lipoproteins that were deprived of APOE. Recent evidence suggests that impaired clearance of TRL remnants promotes cardiovascular disease in patients with T1DM. Consistently, we found that hepatic expression of CREBH prevented the progression of diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis. Our results support the proposal that CREBH acts through an APOE-dependent pathway to increase hepatic clearance of remnant lipoproteins. They also implicate elevated levels of remnants in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debapriya Basu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Jenny E Kanter
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Farah Kramer
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Vishal Kothari
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Shelley Barnhart
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Carissa Thornock
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Adam E Mullick
- Cardiovascular Disease Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, United States of America
| | | | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Blackburn Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Robarts Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America
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15
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Melchior JT, Street SE, Vaisar T, Hart R, Jerome J, Kuklenyik Z, Clouet-Foraison N, Thornock C, Bedi S, Shah AS, Segrest JP, Heinecke JW, Davidson WS. Apolipoprotein A-I modulates HDL particle size in the absence of apolipoprotein A-II. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100099. [PMID: 34324889 PMCID: PMC8385444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are a complex mixture of structurally-related nanoparticles that perform distinct physiological functions. We previously showed human HDL containing apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) but not apolipoprotein A-II (APOA2), designated LpA-I, is composed primarily of two discretely sized populations. Here, we isolated these particles directly from human plasma by antibody affinity chromatography, separated them by high-resolution size exclusion chromatography and performed a deep molecular characterization of each species. The large and small LpA-I populations were spherical with mean diameters of 109 Å and 91 Å, respectively. Unexpectedly, isotope dilution MS/MS with [15N]-APOA1 in concert with quantitation of particle concentration by calibrated ion mobility analysis demonstrated that the large particles contained fewer APOA1 molecules than the small particles; the stoichiometries were 3.0 and 3.7 molecules of APOA1 per particle, respectively. MS/MS experiments showed that the protein cargo of large LpA-I particles was more diverse. Human HDL and isolated particles containing both APOA1 and APOA2 exhibit a much wider range and variation of particle sizes than LpA-I, indicating that APOA2 is likely the major contributor to HDL size heterogeneity. We propose a ratchet model based on the trefoil structure of APOA1 whereby the helical cage maintaining particle structure has two 'settings' - large and small - that accounts for these findings. This understanding of the determinants of HDL particle size and protein cargo distribution serves as a basis for determining the roles of HDL subpopulations in metabolism and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Melchior
- Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237; Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99354
| | - Scott E Street
- Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Rachel Hart
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Jay Jerome
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Zsuzsanna Kuklenyik
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341
| | - Noemie Clouet-Foraison
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Carissa Thornock
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Shimpi Bedi
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99354
| | - Amy S Shah
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Jere P Segrest
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237.
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16
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Ronsein GE, Vaisar T, Davidson WS, Bornfeldt KE, Probstfield JL, O'Brien KD, Zhao XQ, Heinecke JW. Niacin Increases Atherogenic Proteins in High-Density Lipoprotein of Statin-Treated Subjects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2330-2341. [PMID: 34134520 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (T.V., K.E.B., J.L.P., K.D.O., X.-Q.Z., J.W.H.)
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (W.S.D.)
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (T.V., K.E.B., J.L.P., K.D.O., X.-Q.Z., J.W.H.)
| | - Jeffrey L Probstfield
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (T.V., K.E.B., J.L.P., K.D.O., X.-Q.Z., J.W.H.)
| | - Kevin D O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (T.V., K.E.B., J.L.P., K.D.O., X.-Q.Z., J.W.H.)
| | - Xue-Qiao Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (T.V., K.E.B., J.L.P., K.D.O., X.-Q.Z., J.W.H.)
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (T.V., K.E.B., J.L.P., K.D.O., X.-Q.Z., J.W.H.)
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17
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Josefs T, Basu D, Vaisar T, Arets B, Kanter JE, Huggins LA, Hu Y, Liu J, Clouet-Foraison N, Heinecke JW, Bornfeldt KE, Goldberg IJ, Fisher EA. Atherosclerosis Regression and Cholesterol Efflux in Hypertriglyceridemic Mice. Circ Res 2021; 128:690-705. [PMID: 33530703 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Josefs
- Division of Cardiology (T.J., J.L., E.A.F.), Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine.,Department of Internal Medicine, MUMC, Maastricht, the Netherlands (T.J., B.A.).,CARIM, MUMC, Maastricht, the Netherlands (T.J., B.A.)
| | - Debapriya Basu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (D.B., L.-A.H., Y.H., I.J.G.), Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine.,Department of Internal Medicine, MUMC, Maastricht, the Netherlands (T.J., B.A.).,CARIM, MUMC, Maastricht, the Netherlands (T.J., B.A.)
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle (T.V., J.E.K., N.C.-F., J.W.H., K.E.B.)
| | | | - Jenny E Kanter
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle (T.V., J.E.K., N.C.-F., J.W.H., K.E.B.)
| | - Lesley-Ann Huggins
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (D.B., L.-A.H., Y.H., I.J.G.), Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
| | - Yunying Hu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (D.B., L.-A.H., Y.H., I.J.G.), Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Division of Cardiology (T.J., J.L., E.A.F.), Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
| | - Noemie Clouet-Foraison
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle (T.V., J.E.K., N.C.-F., J.W.H., K.E.B.)
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle (T.V., J.E.K., N.C.-F., J.W.H., K.E.B.)
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle (T.V., J.E.K., N.C.-F., J.W.H., K.E.B.)
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (D.B., L.-A.H., Y.H., I.J.G.), Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Division of Cardiology (T.J., J.L., E.A.F.), Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
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18
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Buckner T, Shao B, Eckel RH, Heinecke JW, Bornfeldt KE, Snell-Bergeon J. Association of apolipoprotein C3 with insulin resistance and coronary artery calcium in patients with type 1 diabetes. J Clin Lipidol 2021; 15:235-242. [PMID: 33257283 PMCID: PMC7887020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) is a risk factor for incident coronary artery disease in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The pathways that link elevated APOC3 levels to an increased risk of incident cardiovascular disease in people with T1D are not understood. OBJECTIVE To explore potential mechanisms, we investigated the association of APOC3 with insulin resistance and coronary artery calcium (CAC). METHODS In a random subcohort of participants with T1D from Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes (n = 134), serum APOC3, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated APOC3, and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4; a potential marker of insulin resistance) were measured by targeted mass spectrometry. We used linear regression to evaluate associations of serum APOC3 and HDL-APOC3 with APOB, non-HDL cholesterol, serum- and HDL-associated RBP4, and estimated insulin sensitivity and logistic regression to evaluate association with presence of CAC, adjusted for age, sex, and diabetes duration. RESULTS Serum APOC3 correlated positively with APOB and non-HDL cholesterol and was associated with increased odds of CAC (odds ratio: 1.68, P = .024). Estimated insulin sensitivity was not associated with serum- or HDL-RBP4 but was negatively associated with serum APOC3 in men (ß estimate: -0.318, P = .0040) and decreased odds of CAC (odds ratio: 0.434, P = .0023). CONCLUSIONS Serum APOC3 associates with increased insulin resistance and CAC in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Buckner
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Baohai Shao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert H Eckel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Janet Snell-Bergeon
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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19
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Vaisar T, Gordon JL, Wimberger J, Heinecke JW, Hinderliter AL, Rubinow DR, Girdler SS, Rubinow KB. Perimenopausal transdermal estradiol replacement reduces serum HDL cholesterol efflux capacity but improves cardiovascular risk factors. J Clin Lipidol 2020; 15:151-161.e0. [PMID: 33288437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardiovascular (CV) safety of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in perimenopausal women remains uncertain. Although exogenous estrogens increase HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), estrogen-mediated effects on alternative metrics of HDL that may better predict CV risk are unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of transdermal ERT on HDL composition and cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), as well as the relationships between these metrics and CV risk factors. METHODS Fasting plasma samples were analyzed from 101 healthy, perimenopausal women randomized to receive either transdermal placebo or transdermal estradiol (100 μg/24 h) with intermittent micronized progesterone. At baseline and after 6 months of treatment, serum HDL CEC, HDL particle concentration, HDL protein composition, insulin resistance and brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) were measured. RESULTS No difference between groups was found for change in plasma HDL-C (p = 0.69). Between-group differences were found for changes in serum HDL total CEC [median change from baseline -5.4 (-17.3,+8.4)% ERT group versus +5.8 (-6.3,+16.9)% placebo group, p = 0.01] and ABCA1-specific CEC [median change from baseline -5.3 (-10.7,+6.7)% ERT group versus +7.4 (-1.5,+18.1)% placebo group, p = 0.0002]. Relative to placebo, transdermal ERT led to reductions in LDL-C (p < 0.0001) and insulin resistance (p = 0.0002). An inverse correlation was found between changes in serum HDL total CEC and FMD (β = -0.26, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Natural menopause leads to an increase in serum HDL CEC, an effect that is abrogated by transdermal ERT. However, transdermal ERT leads to favorable changes in major CV risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Vaisar
- Diabetes Institute, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican St, Seattle WA 98109, USA
| | - Jennifer L Gordon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jake Wimberger
- Diabetes Institute, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican St, Seattle WA 98109, USA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Diabetes Institute, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican St, Seattle WA 98109, USA
| | - Alan L Hinderliter
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David R Rubinow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Susan S Girdler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Katya B Rubinow
- Diabetes Institute, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, 750 Republican St, Seattle WA 98109, USA.
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20
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He Y, Ronsein GE, Tang C, Jarvik GP, Davidson WS, Kothari V, Song HD, Segrest JP, Bornfeldt KE, Heinecke JW. Diabetes Impairs Cellular Cholesterol Efflux From ABCA1 to Small HDL Particles. Circ Res 2020; 127:1198-1210. [PMID: 32819213 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE HDL (high-density lipoprotein) may be cardioprotective because it accepts cholesterol from macrophages via the cholesterol transport proteins ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) and ABCG1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter G1). The ABCA1-specific cellular cholesterol efflux capacity (ABCA1 CEC) of HDL strongly and negatively associates with cardiovascular disease risk, but how diabetes mellitus impacts that step is unclear. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that HDL's cholesterol efflux capacity is impaired in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a case-control study with 19 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 20 control subjects. Three sizes of HDL particles, small HDL, medium HDL, and large HDL, were isolated by high-resolution size exclusion chromatography from study subjects. Then we assessed the ABCA1 CEC of equimolar concentrations of particles. Small HDL accounted for almost all of ABCA1 CEC activity of HDL. ABCA1 CEC-but not ABCG1 CEC-of small HDL was lower in the subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus than the control subjects. Isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry demonstrated that the concentration of SERPINA1 (serpin family A member 1) in small HDL was also lower in subjects with diabetes mellitus. Enriching small HDL with SERPINA1 enhanced ABCA1 CEC. Structural analysis of SERPINA1 identified 3 amphipathic α-helices clustered in the N-terminal domain of the protein; biochemical analyses demonstrated that SERPINA1 binds phospholipid vesicles. CONCLUSIONS The ABCA1 CEC of small HDL is selectively impaired in type 2 diabetes mellitus, likely because of lower levels of SERPINA1. SERPINA1 contains a cluster of amphipathic α-helices that enable apolipoproteins to bind phospholipid and promote ABCA1 activity. Thus, impaired ABCA1 activity of small HDL particles deficient in SERPINA1 could increase cardiovascular disease risk in subjects with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., C.T., G.P.J., V.K., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | | | - Chongren Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., C.T., G.P.J., V.K., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., C.T., G.P.J., V.K., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (W.S.D.)
| | - Vishal Kothari
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., C.T., G.P.J., V.K., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | - Hyun D Song
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (H.D.S., J.P.S.)
| | - Jere P Segrest
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (H.D.S., J.P.S.)
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., C.T., G.P.J., V.K., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., C.T., G.P.J., V.K., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
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21
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Heinecke JW, Parks WC. Integrated Biomarker Discovery and Validation Implicates the Complement Pathway in Early Atherogenesis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:1942-1944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Chait A, Ginsberg HN, Vaisar T, Heinecke JW, Goldberg IJ, Bornfeldt KE. Remnants of the Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease. Diabetes 2020; 69:508-516. [PMID: 32198194 PMCID: PMC7085249 DOI: 10.2337/dbi19-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is now a pandemic disease. Moreover, a large number of people with prediabetes are at risk for developing frank diabetes worldwide. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes increase the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Even with statin treatment to lower LDL cholesterol, patients with diabetes have a high residual CVD risk. Factors mediating the residual risk are incompletely characterized. An attractive hypothesis is that remnant lipoprotein particles (RLPs), derived by lipolysis from VLDL and chylomicrons, contribute to this residual risk. RLPs constitute a heterogeneous population of lipoprotein particles, varying markedly in size and composition. Although a universally accepted definition is lacking, for the purpose of this review we define RLPs as postlipolytic partially triglyceride-depleted particles derived from chylomicrons and VLDL that are relatively enriched in cholesteryl esters and apolipoprotein (apo)E. RLPs derived from chylomicrons contain apoB48, while those derived from VLDL contain apoB100. Clarity as to the role of RLPs in CVD risk is hampered by lack of a widely accepted definition and a paucity of adequate methods for their accurate and precise quantification. New specific methods for RLP quantification would greatly improve our understanding of their biology and role in promoting atherosclerosis in diabetes and other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Chait
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Henry N Ginsberg
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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23
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Vaisar T, Kanter JE, Wimberger J, Irwin AD, Gauthier J, Wolfson E, Bahnam V, Wu IH, Shah H, Keenan HA, Greenbaum CJ, King GL, Heinecke JW, Bornfeldt KE. High Concentration of Medium-Sized HDL Particles and Enrichment in HDL Paraoxonase 1 Associate With Protection From Vascular Complications in People With Long-standing Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2020; 43:178-186. [PMID: 31597668 PMCID: PMC6925582 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-0772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A subset of people with long-standing type 1 diabetes (T1D) appears to be protected from microvascular and macrovascular complications. Previous studies have focused on improved abilities to respond to glucose and its downstream effects as protective mechanisms. It is unclear whether lipoproteins play a role in the vascular health of these people. We therefore determined whether HDL particle concentration, size, function, and/or protein composition associate with protection from vascular complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied two independent cross-sectional cohorts with T1D: the T1D Exchange Living Biobank (n = 47) and the Joslin Medalist Study (n = 100). Some of the subjects had vascular complications, whereas others never exhibited vascular complications, despite an average duration of diabetes in the cohorts of 45 years. We assessed HDL particle size and concentration by calibrated ion mobility analysis, the HDL proteome by targeted mass spectrometry, and HDL function ex vivo by quantifying cholesterol efflux capacity and inhibition of monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. RESULTS In both cohorts, people without vascular complications exhibited significantly higher concentrations of medium-sized HDL particles (M-HDL) independently of total and HDL cholesterol levels. While no consistent differences in HDL functions were observed ex vivo, people without vascular complications had higher levels of HDL-associated paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an enzyme that inhibits atherosclerosis in animal models. CONCLUSIONS Elevated concentrations of M-HDL particles and elevated levels of HDL-associated PON1 may contribute to long-term protection from the vascular complications of diabetes by pathways that are independent of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Vaisar
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Jenny E Kanter
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Jake Wimberger
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Angela D Irwin
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - John Gauthier
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Emily Wolfson
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - I-Hsien Wu
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Hetal Shah
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - George L King
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA .,Department of Pathology, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay W Heinecke
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
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25
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Shea S, Stein JH, Jorgensen NW, McClelland RL, Tascau L, Shrager S, Heinecke JW, Yvan-Charvet L, Tall AR. Cholesterol Mass Efflux Capacity, Incident Cardiovascular Disease, and Progression of Carotid Plaque. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:89-96. [PMID: 30580560 PMCID: PMC6310062 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective- To assess the role of HDL (high-density lipoprotein)-mediated cholesterol mass efflux capacity (CMEC) in incident cardiovascular disease and carotid plaque progression. Approach and Results- We measured CMEC in 2 cohorts aged 45 to 84 years at baseline derived from the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). Cohort 1 comprised 465 cases with incident cardiovascular disease events during 10 years of follow-up and 465 age- and sex-matched controls; cohort 2 comprised 407 cases with progression of carotid plaque measured by ultrasonography at 2 exams >10 years and 407 similarly matched controls. Covariates and outcome events were ascertained according to the MESA protocol. CMEC level was modestly correlated with HDL cholesterol ( R=0.13; P<0.001) but was not associated with age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, alcohol use, smoking status, or statin use. Higher CMEC level was significantly associated with lower odds of cardiovascular disease (odds ratio, 0.82 per SD of CMEC [95% CI, 0.69-0.98; P=0.031] in the fully adjusted model) in cohort 1 but higher odds of carotid plaque progression (odds ratio, 1.24 per SD of CMEC [95% CI, 1.04-1.48; P=0.018] in the fully adjusted model) in cohort 2 but without dose-response effect. In subgroup analysis within cohort 1, higher CMEC was associated with lower risk of incident coronary heart disease events (odds ratio, 0.72 per SD of CMEC (95% CI, 0.5-0.91; P=0.007) while no association was found with stroke events. Conclusions- These findings support a role for HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux in an atheroprotective mechanism for coronary heart disease but not stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Shea
- From the Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (S. Shea, L.T., L.Y.-C., A.R.T.).,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York (S. Shea)
| | - James H Stein
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison (J.H.S.)
| | - Neal W Jorgensen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (N.W.J., R.L.M., S. Shrager)
| | - Robyn L McClelland
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (N.W.J., R.L.M., S. Shrager)
| | - Liana Tascau
- From the Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (S. Shea, L.T., L.Y.-C., A.R.T.)
| | - Sandi Shrager
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle (N.W.J., R.L.M., S. Shrager)
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.W.H.)
| | - Laurent Yvan-Charvet
- From the Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (S. Shea, L.T., L.Y.-C., A.R.T.).,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.W.H.)
| | - Alan R Tall
- From the Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York (S. Shea, L.T., L.Y.-C., A.R.T.)
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26
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Fotakis P, Kothari V, Thomas DG, Westerterp M, Molusky MM, Altin E, Abramowicz S, Wang N, He Y, Heinecke JW, Bornfeldt KE, Tall AR. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) in Macrophages Predominate Over Proinflammatory Effects in Atherosclerotic Plaques. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:e253-e272. [PMID: 31578081 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HDL (high-density lipoprotein) infusion reduces atherosclerosis in animal models and is being evaluated as a treatment in humans. Studies have shown either anti- or proinflammatory effects of HDL in macrophages, and there is no consensus on the underlying mechanisms. Here, we interrogate the effects of HDL on inflammatory gene expression in macrophages. Approach and Results: We cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages, treated them with reconstituted HDL or HDL isolated from APOA1Tg;Ldlr-/- mice, and challenged them with lipopolysaccharide. Transcriptional profiling showed that HDL exerts a broad anti-inflammatory effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced genes and proinflammatory effect in a subset of genes enriched for chemokines. Cholesterol removal by POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine) liposomes or β-methylcyclodextrin mimicked both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of HDL, whereas cholesterol loading by POPC/cholesterol-liposomes or acetylated LDL (low-density lipoprotein) before HDL attenuated these effects, indicating that these responses are mediated by cholesterol efflux. While early anti-inflammatory effects reflect reduced TLR (Toll-like receptor) 4 levels, late anti-inflammatory effects are due to reduced IFN (interferon) receptor signaling. Proinflammatory effects occur late and represent a modified endoplasmic reticulum stress response, mediated by IRE1a (inositol-requiring enzyme 1a)/ASK1 (apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1)/p38 MAPK (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling, that occurs under conditions of extreme cholesterol depletion. To investigate the effects of HDL on inflammatory gene expression in myeloid cells in atherosclerotic lesions, we injected reconstituted HDL into Apoe-/- or Ldlr-/- mice fed a Western-type diet. Reconstituted HDL infusions produced anti-inflammatory effects in lesion macrophages without any evidence of proinflammatory effects. CONCLUSIONS Reconstituted HDL infusions in hypercholesterolemic atherosclerotic mice produced anti-inflammatory effects in lesion macrophages suggesting a beneficial therapeutic effect of HDL in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Fotakis
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York (P.F., D.G.T., M.W., M.M.M., E.A., S.A., N.W., A.R.T.)
| | - Vishal Kothari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle (V.K., Y.H., J.W.H., K.E.B.)
| | - David G Thomas
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York (P.F., D.G.T., M.W., M.M.M., E.A., S.A., N.W., A.R.T.)
| | - Marit Westerterp
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York (P.F., D.G.T., M.W., M.M.M., E.A., S.A., N.W., A.R.T.).,Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (M.W.)
| | - Matthew M Molusky
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York (P.F., D.G.T., M.W., M.M.M., E.A., S.A., N.W., A.R.T.)
| | - Elissa Altin
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York (P.F., D.G.T., M.W., M.M.M., E.A., S.A., N.W., A.R.T.)
| | - Sandra Abramowicz
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York (P.F., D.G.T., M.W., M.M.M., E.A., S.A., N.W., A.R.T.)
| | - Nan Wang
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York (P.F., D.G.T., M.W., M.M.M., E.A., S.A., N.W., A.R.T.)
| | - Yi He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle (V.K., Y.H., J.W.H., K.E.B.)
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle (V.K., Y.H., J.W.H., K.E.B.)
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle (V.K., Y.H., J.W.H., K.E.B.).,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle (K.E.B.)
| | - Alan R Tall
- From the Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York (P.F., D.G.T., M.W., M.M.M., E.A., S.A., N.W., A.R.T.)
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27
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Barrett TJ, Distel E, Murphy AJ, Hu J, Garshick MS, Ogando Y, Liu J, Vaisar T, Heinecke JW, Berger JS, Goldberg IJ, Fisher EA. Apolipoprotein AI) Promotes Atherosclerosis Regression in Diabetic Mice by Suppressing Myelopoiesis and Plaque Inflammation. Circulation 2019; 140:1170-1184. [PMID: 31567014 PMCID: PMC6777860 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.039476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite robust cholesterol lowering, cardiovascular disease risk remains increased in patients with diabetes mellitus. Consistent with this, diabetes mellitus impairs atherosclerosis regression after cholesterol lowering in humans and mice. In mice, this is attributed in part to hyperglycemia-induced monocytosis, which increases monocyte entry into plaques despite cholesterol lowering. In addition, diabetes mellitus skews plaque macrophages toward an atherogenic inflammatory M1 phenotype instead of toward the atherosclerosis-resolving M2 state typical with cholesterol lowering. Functional high-density lipoprotein (HDL), typically low in patients with diabetes mellitus, reduces monocyte precursor proliferation in murine bone marrow and has anti-inflammatory effects on human and murine macrophages. Our study aimed to test whether raising functional HDL levels in diabetic mice prevents monocytosis, reduces the quantity and inflammation of plaque macrophages, and enhances atherosclerosis regression after cholesterol lowering. METHODS Aortic arches containing plaques developed in Ldlr-/- mice were transplanted into either wild-type, diabetic wild-type, or diabetic mice transgenic for human apolipoprotein AI, which have elevated functional HDL. Recipient mice all had low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to promote plaque regression. After 2 weeks, plaques in recipient mouse aortic grafts were examined. RESULTS Diabetic wild-type mice had impaired atherosclerosis regression, which was normalized by raising HDL levels. This benefit was linked to suppressed hyperglycemia-driven myelopoiesis, monocytosis, and neutrophilia. Increased HDL improved cholesterol efflux from bone marrow progenitors, suppressing their proliferation and monocyte and neutrophil production capacity. In addition to reducing circulating monocytes available for recruitment into plaques, in the diabetic milieu, HDL suppressed the general recruitability of monocytes to inflammatory sites and promoted plaque macrophage polarization to the M2, atherosclerosis-resolving state. There was also a decrease in plaque neutrophil extracellular traps, which are atherogenic and increased by diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS Raising apolipoprotein AI and functional levels of HDL promotes multiple favorable changes in the production of monocytes and neutrophils and in the inflammatory environment of atherosclerotic plaques of diabetic mice after cholesterol lowering and may represent a novel approach to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in people with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa J. Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Emilie Distel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Andrew J. Murphy
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jiyuan Hu
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael S. Garshick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yoscar Ogando
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jay W. Heinecke
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jeffrey S. Berger
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiology and Hematology, Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ira J. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Edward A. Fisher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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28
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Kanter JE, Shao B, Kramer F, Barnhart S, Shimizu-Albergine M, Vaisar T, Graham MJ, Crooke RM, Manuel CR, Haeusler RA, Mar D, Bomsztyk K, Hokanson JE, Kinney GL, Snell-Bergeon JK, Heinecke JW, Bornfeldt KE. Increased apolipoprotein C3 drives cardiovascular risk in type 1 diabetes. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:4165-4179. [PMID: 31295146 DOI: 10.1172/jci127308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans by poorly understood mechanisms. Using mouse models of T1DM-accelerated atherosclerosis, we found that relative insulin deficiency rather than hyperglycemia elevated levels of apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), an apolipoprotein that prevents clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) and their remnants. We then showed that serum APOC3 levels predict incident CVD events in subjects with T1DM in the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes (CACTI) study. To explore underlying mechanisms, we investigated the impact of Apoc3 antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) on lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis in a mouse model of T1DM. Apoc3 ASO treatment abolished the increased hepatic Apoc3 expression in diabetic mice - resulting in lower levels of TRLs - without improving glycemic control. APOC3 suppression also prevented arterial accumulation of APOC3-containing lipoprotein particles, macrophage foam cell formation, and the accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetic mice. Our observations demonstrate that relative insulin deficiency increases APOC3 and that this results in elevated levels of TRLs and accelerated atherosclerosis in a mouse model of T1DM. Because serum levels of APOC3 predicted incident CVD events in the CACTI study, inhibiting APOC3 might reduce CVD risk in T1DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny E Kanter
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Baohai Shao
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Farah Kramer
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shelley Barnhart
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Masami Shimizu-Albergine
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Clarence R Manuel
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca A Haeusler
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Mar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Karol Bomsztyk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John E Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Gregory L Kinney
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Janet K Snell-Bergeon
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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29
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Shao B, Zelnick LR, Wimberger J, Himmelfarb J, Brunzell J, Davidson WS, Snell-Bergeon JK, Bornfeldt KE, de Boer IH, Heinecke JW. Albuminuria, the High-Density Lipoprotein Proteome, and Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1483-1491. [PMID: 31092010 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Albuminuria is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. We determined whether albuminuria associates with alterations in the proteome of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) of subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus and whether those alterations associated with coronary artery calcification. Approach and Results- In a cross-sectional study of 191 subjects enrolled in the DCCT (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial)/EDIC study (Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications), we used isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry to quantify 46 proteins in HDL. Stringent statistical analysis demonstrated that 8 proteins associated with albuminuria. Two of those proteins, AMBP (α1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor) and PTGDS (prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase), strongly and positively associated with the albumin excretion rate ( P<10-6). Furthermore, PON (paraoxonase) 1 and PON3 levels in HDL strongly and negatively associated with the presence of coronary artery calcium, with odds ratios per 1-SD difference of 0.63 (95% CI, 0.43-0.92; P=0.018) for PON1 and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.40-0.87; P=0.0079) for PON3. Only 1 protein, PON1, associated with both albumin excretion rate and coronary artery calcification. Conclusions- Our observations indicate that the HDL proteome is remodeled in type 1 diabetes mellitus subjects with albuminuria. Moreover, low concentrations of the antiatherosclerotic protein PON1 in HDL associated with both albuminuria and coronary artery calcification, raising the possibility that alterations in HDL protein cargo mediate, in part, the known association of albuminuria with cardiovascular risk in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Visual Overview- An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohai Shao
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S., L.R.Z., J.W., J.H., J.B., K.E.B., I.H.d.B., J.W.H.)
| | - Leila R Zelnick
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S., L.R.Z., J.W., J.H., J.B., K.E.B., I.H.d.B., J.W.H.)
| | - Jake Wimberger
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S., L.R.Z., J.W., J.H., J.B., K.E.B., I.H.d.B., J.W.H.)
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S., L.R.Z., J.W., J.H., J.B., K.E.B., I.H.d.B., J.W.H.)
| | - John Brunzell
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S., L.R.Z., J.W., J.H., J.B., K.E.B., I.H.d.B., J.W.H.)
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (W.S.D.)
| | - Janet K Snell-Bergeon
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (J.K.S.-B.)
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S., L.R.Z., J.W., J.H., J.B., K.E.B., I.H.d.B., J.W.H.)
| | - Ian H de Boer
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S., L.R.Z., J.W., J.H., J.B., K.E.B., I.H.d.B., J.W.H.)
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (B.S., L.R.Z., J.W., J.H., J.B., K.E.B., I.H.d.B., J.W.H.)
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30
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Kothari V, He Y, Kramer F, Barnhart S, Kanter JE, Tang J, Frey JM, Vaisar T, Heinecke JW, Bornfeldt KE. Small HDL, diabetes, and proinflammatory effects in macrophages. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.238.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kothari
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and NutritionUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | - Yi He
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and NutritionUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | - Farah Kramer
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and NutritionUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | - Shelley Barnhart
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and NutritionUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | - Jenny E Kanter
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and NutritionUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | - Jingjing Tang
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and NutritionUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | - Jeremy M Frey
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and NutritionUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and NutritionUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and NutritionUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and NutritionUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
- Division of PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
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31
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Melchior JT, Street SE, Jerome WJ, Hart RC, Heinecke JW, He Y, Davidson WS. The structure of apoA‐II on HDL reveals novel insights into its regulation of lipoprotein composition and function. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.238.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John T Melchior
- Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH
| | - Scott E Street
- Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH
| | - W. Jay Jerome
- Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN
| | - Rachel C Hart
- Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN
| | | | - Yi He
- Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA
| | - W. Sean Davidson
- Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH
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32
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He Y, Song HD, Anantharamaiah GM, Palgunachari MN, Bornfeldt KE, Segrest JP, Heinecke JW. Apolipoprotein A1 Forms 5/5 and 5/4 Antiparallel Dimers in Human High-density Lipoprotein. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:854-864. [PMID: 30659061 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), the major protein of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), contains 10 helical repeats that play key roles in protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. The current structural model for HDL proposes that APOA1 forms an antiparallel dimer in which helix 5 in monomer 1 associates with helix 5 in monomer 2 along a left-left (LL5/5) interface, forming a protein complex with a 2-fold axis of symmetry centered on helix 5. However, computational studies suggest that other orientations are possible. To test this idea, we used a zero-length chemical cross-linking reagent that forms covalent bonds between closely apposed basic and acidic residues. Using proteolytic digestion and tandem mass spectrometry, we identified amino acids in the central region of the antiparallel APOA1 dimer of HDL that were in close contact. As predicted by the current model, we found six intermolecular cross-links that were consistent with the antiparallel LL5/5 registry. However, we also identified three intermolecular cross-links that were consistent with the antiparallel LL5/4 registry. The LL5/5 is the major structural conformation of the two complexes in both reconstituted discoidal HDL particles and in spherical HDL from human plasma. Molecular dynamic simulations suggest that that LL5/5 and LL5/4 APOA1 dimers possess similar free energies of dimerization, with LL5/5 having the lowest free energy. Our observations indicate that phospholipidated APOA1 in HDL forms different antiparallel dimers that could play distinct roles in enzyme regulation, assembly of specific protein complexes, and the functional properties of HDL in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- From the Departments of ‡Medicine and
| | - Hyun D Song
- ‖Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37240
| | - G M Anantharamaiah
- ¶Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama 35233
| | - M N Palgunachari
- ¶Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama 35233
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- From the Departments of ‡Medicine and; §Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | - Jere P Segrest
- ‖Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37240
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33
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Pamir N, Pan C, Plubell DL, Hutchins PM, Tang C, Wimberger J, Irwin A, Vallim TQDA, Heinecke JW, Lusis AJ. Genetic control of the mouse HDL proteome defines HDL traits, function, and heterogeneity. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:594-608. [PMID: 30622162 PMCID: PMC6399512 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m090555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HDLs are nanoparticles with more than 80 associated proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol, and cholesteryl esters. The potential inverse relation of HDL to coronary artery disease (CAD) and the effects of HDL on myriad other inflammatory conditions warrant a better understanding of the genetic basis of the HDL proteome. We conducted a comprehensive genetic analysis of the regulation of the proteome of HDL isolated from a panel of 100 diverse inbred strains of mice (the hybrid mouse diversity panel) and examined protein composition and efflux capacity to identify novel factors that affect the HDL proteome. Genetic analysis revealed widely varied HDL protein levels across the strains. Some of this variation was explained by local cis-acting regulation, termed cis-protein quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Variations in apoA-II and apoC-3 affected the abundance of multiple HDL proteins, indicating a coordinated regulation. We identified modules of covarying proteins and defined a protein-protein interaction network that describes the protein composition of the naturally occurring subspecies of HDL in mice. Sterol efflux capacity varied up to 3-fold across the strains, and HDL proteins displayed distinct correlation patterns with macrophage and ABCA1-specific cholesterol efflux capacity and cholesterol exchange, suggesting that subspecies of HDL participate in discrete functions. The baseline and stimulated sterol efflux capacity phenotypes were associated with distinct QTLs with smaller effect size, suggesting a multigenetic regulation. Our results highlight the complexity of HDL particles by revealing the high degree of heterogeneity and intercorrelation, some of which is associated with functional variation, and support the concept that HDL-cholesterol alone is not an accurate measure of HDL’s properties, such as protection against CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Pamir
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Calvin Pan
- Departments of Genetics University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Deanna L Plubell
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | - Chongren Tang
- Department of Medicine University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jake Wimberger
- Department of Medicine University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Angela Irwin
- Department of Medicine University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Departments of Genetics University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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34
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Moriarty PM, Vaisar T, Dutton J, Denney LK, Hippe D, Heinecke JW, Zhao XQ. P5393The change in HDL proteomics following lipid-apheresis therapy. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p5393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P M Moriarty
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - T Vaisar
- University of Washington, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, United States of America
| | - J Dutton
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - L K Denney
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - D Hippe
- University of Washington, Department of Radiology, Seattle, United States of America
| | - J W Heinecke
- University of Washington, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, United States of America
| | - X.-Q Zhao
- University of Washington, Department of Cardiology, Seattle, United States of America
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35
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Plubell DL, Fenton AM, Wilmarth PA, Bergstrom P, Zhao Y, Minnier J, Heinecke JW, Yang X, Pamir N. GM-CSF driven myeloid cells in adipose tissue link weight gain and insulin resistance via formation of 2-aminoadipate. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11485. [PMID: 30065264 PMCID: PMC6068153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In a GM-CSF driven myeloid cell deficient mouse model (Csf2−/−) that has preserved insulin sensitivity despite increased adiposity, we used unbiased three-dimensional integration of proteome profiles, metabolic profiles, and gene regulatory networks to understand adipose tissue proteome-wide changes and their metabolic implications. Multi-dimensional liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and extended multiplex mass labeling was used to analyze proteomes of epididymal adipose tissues isolated from Csf2+/+ and Csf2−/− mice that were fed low fat, high fat, or high fat plus cholesterol diets for 8 weeks. The metabolic health (as measured by body weight, adiposity, plasma fasting glucose, insulin, triglycerides, phospholipids, total cholesterol levels, and glucose and insulin tolerance tests) deteriorated with diet for both genotypes, while mice lacking Csf2 were protected from insulin resistance. Regardless of diet, 30 mostly mitochondrial, branch chain amino acids (BCAA), and lysine metabolism proteins were altered between Csf2−/− and Csf2+/+ mice (FDR < 0.05). Lack of GM-CSF driven myeloid cells lead to reduced adipose tissue 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (DHTKD1) levels and subsequent increase in plasma 2-aminoadipate (2-AA) levels, both of which are reported to correlate with insulin resistance. Tissue DHTKD1 levels were >4-fold upregulated and plasma 2-AA levels were >2 fold reduced in Csf2−/− mice (p < 0.05). GM-CSF driven myeloid cells link peripheral insulin sensitivity to adiposity via lysine metabolism involving DHTKD1/2-AA axis in a diet independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna L Plubell
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Alexandra M Fenton
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Phillip A Wilmarth
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Paige Bergstrom
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Minnier
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nathalie Pamir
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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36
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Cooke AL, Morris JC, Melchior JT, Jerome WG, Street SE, Thompson TB, Smith LE, Shah AS, Herr A, Segrest JP, Heinecke JW, Davidson WS. Abstract 026: Apolipoprotein A-I Helical Registry Modulates Lecithin:cholesterol Acyl Transferase Activity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.38.suppl_1.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The structure of apolipoprotein (APOA1), the major protein of high density lipoproteins (HDL), can modulate protein interactions affecting the cardioprotective functions of HDL particles. APOA1 on nascent discoidal HDL is composed of ten, tandem, α-helical repeats arranged in an anti-parallel, stacked ring-structure that encapsulates a lipid bilayer. Previous chemical cross-linking studies suggested that these APOA1 rings may adopt two different orientations, or registries, with respect to each other. These orientations include one where the bulk of APOA1 orients with the 5
th
helix of one molecule opposing the 5
th
helix of the other (5/5 helical registry), and another orientation adopting a 5/2 helical registry. Engineered HDL particles locked in both 5/5 and 5/2 registries, or rotamers, equally promoted cholesterol efflux from macrophages, indicating functional particles. However, the ability of lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) to esterify cholesterol was increased over WT in the 5/5 rotamer, and dramatically impaired in the 5/2 rotamer (
p<0.001
), despite surface plasmon resonance studies showing that LCAT bound equally to both. Cross-linking experiments indicated that LCAT activity requires a hybrid epitope composed of helices 5-7 on one APOA1 molecule and 3-4 on the other. Thus, the reciprocating nature of APOA1’s structure may represent a thumbwheel mechanism that influences the activity of HDL remodeling factors in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amy S Shah
- Cincinnati Children's Hosp Med Cntr, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Andrew Herr
- Cincinnati Children's Hosp Med Cntr, Cincinnati, OH
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37
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Melchior JT, Street SE, Shah AS, Jerome WJ, Hart R, Heinecke JW, He Y, Andraski AB, Furtado JD, Sacks FM, Davidson WS. Abstract 556: Structural Characterization of Distinct Subparticles of Human High-density Lipoproteins Isolated from Plasma. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.38.suppl_1.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) play a critical role in lipid transport and the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. HDL consists of a heterogeneous population of particles that vary in size, composition, and functionality. HDL is proteomically diverse; it can host at least 95 different proteins and structure-function studies suggest that specific protein complements on the surface of the particles are responsible for the broad spectrum of HDL function.
The goal of this study was to isolate and fully characterize specific subspecies of HDL based on their protein complement and particle size. We built upon our previous studies where we segregated lipoproteins using immunoaffinity chromatography using antibodies specific to the two major scaffold proteins of HDL; apolipoprotein (apo)A-I and apoA-II. Two populations were obtained directly from plasma that either had both apoA-I and apoA-II (LpA-I/A-II) or just apoA-I with no apoA-II (LpA-I). These subpopulations were further fractionated using size exclusion chromatography using four superdex columns in series.
We observed at least three distinctly sized particles within the LpA-I/A-II subfraction and two distinctly sized particles in the LpA-I subfraction which all elute in the size range of HDL. We successfully isolated the “large” and “small” subpopulations observed in the LpA-I subfraction and compositional analysis revealed profound proteomic differences between the two populations. Particles in the larger fraction were enriched in more common apolipoprotiens important for lipid metabolic processes such as apoL-I, apoD, apoM and apoE. Conversely, the smaller LpA-I particles were enriched in proteins important for immune response and complement activation. Using multiple cross-linking reagents, we have mapped the protein-protein interactions on each of these subpopulations to begin generating detailed structural models of these particles
in silico
.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amy S Shah
- Cincinnati Children's Hosp, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Rachel Hart
- Vanderbilt Univ Sch of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Yi He
- Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA
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38
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Kothari V, He Y, Kramer F, Barnhart S, Kanter JE, Chait A, Goldberg IJ, Vaisar T, Heinecke JW, Bornfeldt KE. Abstract 390: A New Humanized Mouse Model to Study Lipid Abnormalities and HDL Function in Poorly Controlled Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.38.suppl_1.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Elevated plasma triglycerides (TG) and VLDL are often present in poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Furthermore, T1DM patients exhibit an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) despite normal or high HDL-cholesterol. There is a need for new mouse models to study T1DM lipid abnormalities because mice do not express cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), which transfers cholesteryl ester (CE) from HDL to VLDL and other lipoproteins in exchange for TG, and because mice do not exhibit human-like HDL populations. To develop a physiologically relevant model, we crossed a virally-induced mouse model of T1DM (
Ldlr
-/-
;Gp
Tg
) deficient in the LDL receptor with human apolipoprotein A-I (
APOA1
) transgenic mice. These mice (n=8-10) were injected with a liver-specific adeno-associated virus driving expression of human CETP, mimicking the human CETP activity/apoA-I ratio, and the 3 major human HDL subpopulations. Using this model (
APOA1
Tg
;Ldlr
-/-
;Gp
Tg
), we examined the impact of diabetes on dyslipidemia, HDL particle concentration (HDL-P), and serum HDL function. Induction of diabetes increased plasma TG and cholesterol, primarily due to an increase in VLDL, as compared with non-diabetic (ND) littermates. The dyslipidemia was associated with increases in hepatic TG content and hepatic TG production rate (2-fold over ND). Moreover, resident peritoneal macrophages from diabetic mice exhibited a 5-fold increase in CE loading, increased lipid raft content (20%), and increased
Tnfa
(3-fold) and
Il1b
mRNA (4-fold), as compared with ND littermates. In addition, T1DM mice had increased small, medium and large HDL-P (2-fold) concentrations compared with ND controls. Serum HDL from T1DM mice showed a significant increase in its cholesterol efflux capacity through both ABCA1 and ABCG1. Thus, in this humanized mouse model, poorly controlled T1DM leads to elevated plasma TG and VLDL due in part to increased hepatic TG production. This dyslipidemia is associated with higher HDL-P and an increase in serum HDL’s cholesterol efflux capacity, likely due to the increased plasma HDL-P. We have found similar changes in HDL concentration and function in humans with T1DM, suggesting that our mouse model might provide insights into CVD risk in T1DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi He
- Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA
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39
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Rubinow KB, Vaisar T, Chao JH, Heinecke JW, Page ST. Sex steroids mediate discrete effects on HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and particle concentration in healthy men. J Clin Lipidol 2018; 12:1072-1082. [PMID: 29793828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exogenous testosterone decreases serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in men, but whether this alters cardiovascular risk is uncertain. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of testosterone and estradiol on HDL particle concentration (HDL-Pima) and metrics of HDL function. METHODS We enrolled 53 healthy men, 19 to 55 years of age, in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Subjects were rendered medically castrate using the GnRH receptor antagonist acyline and administered either (1) placebo gel, (2) low-dose transdermal testosterone gel (1.62%, 1.25 g), (3) full replacement dose testosterone gel (1.62%, 5 g) or (4) full replacement dose testosterone gel together with an aromatase inhibitor for 4 weeks. At baseline and end of treatment, serum HDL total macrophage and ABCA1-specific cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), HDL-Pima and size, and HDL protein composition were determined. RESULTS Significant differences in serum HDL-C were observed with treatment across groups (P = .01 in overall repeated measures ANOVA), with increases in HDL-C seen after both complete and partial testosterone deprivation. Medical castration increased total HDL-Pima (median [interquartile range] 19.1 [1.8] nmol/L at baseline vs 21.3 [3.1] nmol/L at week 4, P = .006). However, corresponding changes in total macrophage CEC and ABCA1-specific CEC were not observed. Change in serum 17β-estradiol concentration correlated with change in total macrophage CEC (β = 0.33 per 10 pg/mL change in serum 17β-estradiol, P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Testosterone deprivation in healthy men leads to a dissociation between changes in serum HDL-C and HDL CEC. Changes in serum HDL-C specifically due to testosterone exposure may not reflect changes in HDL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya B Rubinow
- Center for Research in Reproduction and Contraception, Seattle, WA, USA; Diabetes Institute, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Diabetes Institute, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jing H Chao
- Center for Research in Reproduction and Contraception, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Diabetes Institute, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie T Page
- Center for Research in Reproduction and Contraception, Seattle, WA, USA; Diabetes Institute, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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40
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many lines of evidence indicate that low levels of HDL cholesterol increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, recent clinical studies of statin-treated subjects with established atherosclerosis cast doubt on the hypothesis that elevating HDL cholesterol levels reduces CVD risk. Areas covered: It is critical to identify new HDL metrics that capture HDL's proposed cardioprotective effects. One promising approach is quantitative MS/MS-based HDL proteomics. This article focuses on recent studies of the feasibility and challenges of using this strategy in translational studies. It also discusses how lipid-lowering therapy and renal disease alter HDL's functions and proteome, and how HDL might serve as a platform for binding proteins with specific functional properties. Expert commentary: It is clear that HDL has a diverse protein cargo and that its functions extend well beyond its classic role in lipid transport and reverse cholesterol transport. MS/MS analysis has demonstrated that HDL might contain >80 different proteins. Key challenges are demonstrating that these proteins truly associate with HDL, are functionally important, and that MS-based HDL proteomics can reproducibly detect biomarkers in translational studies of disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohai Shao
- a Department of Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- a Department of Medicine , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
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41
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Melchior JT, Walker RG, Cooke AL, Morris J, Castleberry M, Thompson TB, Jones MK, Song HD, Rye KA, Oda MN, Sorci-Thomas MG, Thomas MJ, Heinecke JW, Mei X, Atkinson D, Segrest JP, Lund-Katz S, Phillips MC, Davidson WS. A consensus model of human apolipoprotein A-I in its monomeric and lipid-free state. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2017; 24:1093-1099. [PMID: 29131142 PMCID: PMC5749415 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo)A-I is an organizing scaffold protein that is critical to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) structure and metabolism, probably mediating many of its cardioprotective properties. However, HDL biogenesis is poorly understood, as lipid-free apoA-I has been notoriously resistant to high-resolution structural study. Published models from low-resolution techniques share certain features but vary considerably in shape and secondary structure. To tackle this central issue in lipoprotein biology, we assembled a team of structural biologists specializing in apolipoproteins and set out to build a consensus model of monomeric lipid-free human apoA-I. Combining novel and published cross-link constraints, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) and crystallography data, we propose a time-averaged model consistent with much of the experimental data published over the last 40 years. The model provides a long-sought platform for understanding and testing details of HDL biogenesis, structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Melchior
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ryan G Walker
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Allison L Cooke
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jamie Morris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark Castleberry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas B Thompson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Martin K Jones
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hyun D Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael N Oda
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Mary G Sorci-Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Section on Endocrinology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael J Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Xiaohu Mei
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Atkinson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jere P Segrest
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sissel Lund-Katz
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael C Phillips
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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42
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Epidemiological and clinical studies link low levels of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, genetic polymorphisms linked to HDL-C do not associate consistently with CVD risk, and randomized clinical studies of drugs that elevate HDL-C via different mechanisms failed to reduce CVD risk in statin-treated patients with established CVD. New metrics that capture HDL's proposed cardioprotective effects are therefore urgently needed. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies demonstrate cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of serum HDL (serum depleted of cholesterol-rich atherogenic lipoproteins) is an independent and better predictor of incident and prevalent CVD risk than HDL-C. However, it remains unclear whether therapies that increase CEC are cardioprotective. Other key issues are the impact of HDL-targeted therapies on HDL particle size and concentration and the relationship of those changes to CEC and cardioprotection. SUMMARY It is time to end the clinical focus on HDL-C and to understand how HDL's function, protein composition and size contribute to CVD risk. It will also be important to link variations in function and size to HDL-targeted therapies. Developing new metrics for quantifying HDL function, based on better understanding HDL metabolism and macrophage CEC, is critical for achieving these goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella E. Ronsein
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química,
Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
- Corresponding author: Graziella E. Ronsein, Tel:
+55 11 3091-1078;
| | - Jay W. Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
98109
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43
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Pamir N, Hutchins PM, Ronsein GE, Wei H, Tang C, Das R, Vaisar T, Plow E, Schuster V, Koschinsky ML, Reardon CA, Weinberg R, Dichek DA, Marcovina S, Getz GS, Heinecke JW. Plasminogen promotes cholesterol efflux by the ABCA1 pathway. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92176. [PMID: 28768900 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using genetic and biochemical approaches, we investigated proteins that regulate macrophage cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) and ABCA1-specific CEC (ABCA1 CEC), 2 functional assays that predict cardiovascular disease (CVD). Macrophage CEC and the concentration of HDL particles were markedly reduced in mice deficient in apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) or apolipoprotein E (APOE) but not apolipoprotein A-IV (APOA4). ABCA1 CEC was markedly reduced in APOA1-deficient mice but was barely affected in mice deficient in APOE or APOA4. High-resolution size-exclusion chromatography of plasma produced 2 major peaks of ABCA1 CEC activity. The early-eluting peak, which coeluted with HDL, was markedly reduced in APOA1- or APOE-deficient mice. The late-eluting peak was modestly reduced in APOA1-deficient mice but little affected in APOE- or APOA4-deficient mice. Ion-exchange chromatography and shotgun proteomics suggested that plasminogen (PLG) accounted for a substantial fraction of the ABCA1 CEC activity in the peak not associated with HDL. Human PLG promoted cholesterol efflux by the ABCA1 pathway, and PLG-dependent efflux was inhibited by lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]. Our observations identify APOA1, APOE, and PLG as key determinants of CEC. Because PLG and Lp(a) associate with human CVD risk, interplay among the proteins might affect atherosclerosis by regulating cholesterol efflux from macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Pamir
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Patrick M Hutchins
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Hao Wei
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chongren Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Riku Das
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Edward Plow
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Volker Schuster
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty of Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marlys L Koschinsky
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Richard Weinberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - David A Dichek
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Santica Marcovina
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Godfrey S Getz
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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44
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Shao B, Zelnick L, Wimberger J, Brunzell J, Himmelfarb J, Bornfeldt KE, de Boer IH, Heinecke JW. Abstract 569: Albuminuria, the HDL Proteome, and Prevalent Coronary Artery Calcium in Type 1 Diabetes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.37.suppl_1.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Albuminuria is strongly associated with CVD risk and fully accounts for the excess overall mortality risk in some T1D cohorts. One important contributor might be alterations of the HDL proteome. In the current study, we tested the hypotheses that albuminuria is associated with alterations in the HDL proteome in T1D, and that these alterations are associated with prevalent CVD. We performed a cross-sectional study of 191 Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) participants selected according to levels of urine albumin excretion (67 persistent normoalbuminuria, 64 persistent microalbuminuria, and 60 persistent macroalbuminuria). We used targeted proteomics and isotope dilution tandem-mass spectrometry to quantify the concentration of 47 proteins in HDL. Adjusting for age, sex, DCCT treatment group, duration of diabetes, lipid-lowering medications, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, smoking, BMI, and HbA1c, and after accounting for multiple comparisons, six proteins in HDL were significantly associated with albuminuria (2 increased and 4 decreased). For example, compared to normoalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria was associated with 57% and 177% higher AMBP (
P
=0.0003) and PTGDS (
P
=0.0006), respectively, and 28% and 27% lower PON1 (
P
=0.002) and PON3 (
P
=0.008), respectively. Furthermore, PON1 and PON3 in HDL were strongly and negatively associated with the presence of coronary artery calcium, with odds ratios per 1-SD difference of 0.63 (0.43-0.92, 95% CI,
P
=0.02) for PON1 and 0.59 (0.40-0.87, 95% CI,
P
=0.008) for PON3. Our observations indicate that the HDL proteome is remodeled in albuminuric patients with T1D, and that these alterations in HDL’s protein cargo may mediate, in part, the relationship of albuminuria with CVD. Because PON1 and PON3 are anti-atherogenic in hypercholesterolemic mice, our data suggest that low levels of PON1 and PON3 in HDL increase the risk of atherosclerosis in diabetic humans. In future studies, it will be important to determine whether reductions of PON1 and PON3 in HDL predict the risk of future CVD in subjects with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohai Shao
- Dept of Medicine, Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA
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45
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El Khoudary SR, Hutchins PM, Matthews KA, Brooks MM, Orchard TJ, Ronsein GE, Heinecke JW. Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Subclasses of HDL Particles in Healthy Women Transitioning Through Menopause. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:3419-28. [PMID: 27399353 PMCID: PMC5010578 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Growing evidence challenges the concept that high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) is cardioprotective after menopause. HDL particle concentration (HDL-P) and cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) might be better predictors of cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE Quantify alterations in HDL-P and CEC during menopause, correlating those changes with alterations in estradiol (E2) and FSH. DESIGN Longitudinal study of HDL metrics before and after menopause as indexed by the final menstrual period (FMP). PARTICIPANTS Forty-six women, mean baseline age 47.1 years, 33% black, 67% white. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES HDL-P concentration (HDL-PIMA) by calibrated ion mobility analysis (IMA); macrophage CEC with cAMP-stimulated macrophages; ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-specific CEC with BHK cells expressing human ABCA1. RESULTS After a median of 2.1 years since FMP, both HDL-C (P = .03) and HDL-PIMA (P = .01) increased, with a selective increase in large HDL-PIMA (P = .01), whereas sizes of medium and small HDL-PIMA were decreased (P < .05). These changes were independent of race, body mass index, and time difference. Macrophage CEC and ABCA1-specific CEC increased after FMP (both P < .001). Greater declines in E2 correlated with larger increases in small HDL-PIMA (P = .01), whereas greater increases in FSH associated with greater reductions in the size of medium HDL-PIMA (P = .04). Macrophage CEC and ABCA1-specific CEC correlated positively with E2 levels only before menopause (P = .04 and .009, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Large HDL-PIMA and CEC increased significantly in the early phase of the menopausal transition. Whether patterns of these alterations differ in late postmenopause is unknown. Further exploration is needed to assess that and to determine whether the reported changes in HDL metrics associate with increased cardiovascular risk after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar R El Khoudary
- Department of Epidemiology (S.R.E.K., K.A.M., M.M.B., T.J.O.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine (P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Psychiatry (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick M Hutchins
- Department of Epidemiology (S.R.E.K., K.A.M., M.M.B., T.J.O.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine (P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Psychiatry (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen A Matthews
- Department of Epidemiology (S.R.E.K., K.A.M., M.M.B., T.J.O.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine (P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Psychiatry (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Maria M Brooks
- Department of Epidemiology (S.R.E.K., K.A.M., M.M.B., T.J.O.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine (P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Psychiatry (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Trevor J Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology (S.R.E.K., K.A.M., M.M.B., T.J.O.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine (P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Psychiatry (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Graziella E Ronsein
- Department of Epidemiology (S.R.E.K., K.A.M., M.M.B., T.J.O.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine (P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Psychiatry (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Epidemiology (S.R.E.K., K.A.M., M.M.B., T.J.O.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine (P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Psychiatry (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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46
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Pamir N, Dichek DA, Getz GS, Marcovina S, Heinecke JW. Abstract 255: Plasminogen Promotes Cholesterol Efflux by the ABCA1. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.36.suppl_1.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of serum HDL, measured using cultured macrophages predicts incident and prevalent CVD risk in humans. The ABCA1 pathway is a key regulator of macrophage cholesterol homeostasis in vivo.
Methods:
We used genetic and biochemical approaches in mice to identify important mediators of CEC.
Results:
On high-resolution size-exclusion chromatography of mouse plasma, macrophage CEC and HDL co-eluted as a single major peak, suggesting that HDL mediates cholesterol efflux. In contrast, size-exclusion chromatography revealed two major peaks of material that promoted ABCA1-specific CEC, one of which was distinct from HDL. HDL particle concentration was reduced by 75% in
Apoa1
-/-
mice; this resulted in a 50% decrease in macrophage CEC but, surprisingly, had no impact on ABCA1-specific CEC. Orthogonal chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of the non-HDL-associated efflux inducing material isolated from wild-type and APOA1 deficient plasma showed that plasminogen strongly correlated with ABCA1-specific CEC. Moreover, isolated plasminogen promoted cholesterol efflux by the ABCA1 pathway, and the specific activity of ABCA1-specific CEC of non-HDL-associated material was reduced by 50% in plasminogen deficient plasma. Imaging of cells treated with fluorescently-labeled antibodies demonstrated that ABCA1 and plasminogen co-localized on the plasma membrane.
Conclusions:
HDL particle concentration is an important contributor to macrophage CEC. However, other pathways contribute to ABCA1-specific CEC; our studies identify plasminogen as one potential mediator. Plasminogen associates with CVD risk in human genetic studies, raising the possibility that it plays a role in atherosclerosis by modulating ABCA1-mediated sterol efflux from macrophages.
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47
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Monette JS, Hutchins PM, Ronsein GE, Wimberger J, Irwin AD, Tang C, Sara JD, Shao B, Vaisar T, Lerman A, Heinecke JW. Patients With Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction Have Impaired Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Reduced HDL Particle Concentration. Circ Res 2016; 119:83-90. [PMID: 27114438 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Coronary endothelial dysfunction (ED)-an early marker of atherosclerosis-increases the risk of cardiovascular events. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that cholesterol efflux capacity and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle concentration predict coronary ED better than HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C). METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 80 subjects with nonobstructive (<30% stenosis) coronary artery disease. ED was defined as <50% change in coronary blood flow in response to intracoronary infusions of acetylcholine during diagnostic coronary angiography. Cholesterol efflux capacity and HDL particle concentration (HDL-PIMA) were assessed with validated assays. Cholesterol efflux capacity and HDL-PIMA were both strong, inverse predictors of ED (P<0.001 and 0.005, respectively). In contrast, HDL-C and other traditional lipid risk factors did not differ significantly between control and ED subjects. Large HDL particles were markedly decreased in ED subjects (33%; P=0.005). After correction for HDL-C, both efflux capacity and HDL-PIMA remained significant predictors of ED status. HDL-PIMA explained cholesterol efflux capacity more effectively than HDL-C (r=0.54 and 0.36, respectively). The efflux capacities of isolated HDL and serum HDL correlated strongly (r=0.49). CONCLUSIONS Cholesterol efflux capacity and HDL-PIMA are reduced in subjects with coronary ED, independently of HDL-C. Alterations in HDL-PIMA and HDL itself account for a much larger fraction of the variation in cholesterol efflux capacity than does HDL-C. A selective decrease in large HDL particles may contribute to impaired cholesterol efflux capacity in ED subjects. These observations support a role for HDL size, concentration, and function as markers-and perhaps mediators-of coronary atherosclerosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Monette
- From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.S.M., P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W., A.D.I., C.T., B.S., T.V., J.W.H.); and Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.S., A.L.)
| | - Patrick M Hutchins
- From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.S.M., P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W., A.D.I., C.T., B.S., T.V., J.W.H.); and Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.S., A.L.)
| | - Graziella E Ronsein
- From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.S.M., P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W., A.D.I., C.T., B.S., T.V., J.W.H.); and Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.S., A.L.)
| | - Jake Wimberger
- From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.S.M., P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W., A.D.I., C.T., B.S., T.V., J.W.H.); and Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.S., A.L.)
| | - Angela D Irwin
- From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.S.M., P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W., A.D.I., C.T., B.S., T.V., J.W.H.); and Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.S., A.L.)
| | - Chongren Tang
- From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.S.M., P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W., A.D.I., C.T., B.S., T.V., J.W.H.); and Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.S., A.L.)
| | - Jaskanwal D Sara
- From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.S.M., P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W., A.D.I., C.T., B.S., T.V., J.W.H.); and Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.S., A.L.)
| | - Baohai Shao
- From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.S.M., P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W., A.D.I., C.T., B.S., T.V., J.W.H.); and Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.S., A.L.)
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.S.M., P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W., A.D.I., C.T., B.S., T.V., J.W.H.); and Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.S., A.L.)
| | - Amir Lerman
- From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.S.M., P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W., A.D.I., C.T., B.S., T.V., J.W.H.); and Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.S., A.L.)
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.S.M., P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W., A.D.I., C.T., B.S., T.V., J.W.H.); and Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.S., A.L.).
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48
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Ronsein GE, Hutchins PM, Isquith D, Vaisar T, Zhao XQ, Heinecke JW. Niacin Therapy Increases High-Density Lipoprotein Particles and Total Cholesterol Efflux Capacity But Not ABCA1-Specific Cholesterol Efflux in Statin-Treated Subjects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 36:404-11. [PMID: 26681752 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated relationships between statin and niacin/statin combination therapy and the concentration of high-density lipoprotein particles (HDL-P) and cholesterol efflux capacity, 2 HDL metrics that might better assess cardiovascular disease risk than HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. APPROACH In the Carotid Plaque Composition Study, 126 subjects with a history of cardiovascular disease were randomized to atorvastatin or combination therapy (atorvastatin/niacin). At baseline and after 1 year of treatment, the concentration of HDL and its 3 subclasses (small, medium, and large) were quantified by calibrated ion mobility analysis (HDL-PIMA). We also measured total cholesterol efflux from macrophages and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-specific cholesterol efflux capacity. RESULTS Atorvastatin decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 39% and raised HDL-C by 11% (P=0.0001) but did not increase HDL-PIMA or macrophage cholesterol efflux. Combination therapy raised HDL-C by 39% (P<0.0001) but increased HDL-PIMA by only 14%. Triglyceride levels did not correlate with HDL-PIMA (P=0.39), in contrast to their strongly negative correlation with HDL-C (P<0.0001). Combination therapy increased macrophage cholesterol efflux capacity (16%, P<0.0001) but not ABCA1-specific efflux. ABCA1-specific cholesterol efflux capacity decreased significantly (P=0.013) in statin-treated subjects, with or without niacin therapy. CONCLUSIONS Statin therapy increased HDL-C levels but failed to increase HDL-PIMA. It also reduced ABCA1-specific cholesterol efflux capacity. Adding niacin to statin therapy increased HDL-C and macrophage efflux, but had much less effect on HDL-PIMA. It also failed to improve ABCA1-specific efflux, a key cholesterol exporter in macrophages. Our observations raise the possibility that niacin might not target the relevant atheroprotective population of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Isquith
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Xue-Qiao Zhao
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.
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49
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Pamir N, Hutchins P, Ronsein G, Vaisar T, Reardon CA, Getz GS, Lusis AJ, Heinecke JW. Proteomic analysis of HDL from inbred mouse strains implicates APOE associated with HDL in reduced cholesterol efflux capacity via the ABCA1 pathway. J Lipid Res 2015; 57:246-57. [PMID: 26673204 PMCID: PMC4727420 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m063701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol efflux capacity associates strongly and negatively with the incidence and prevalence of human CVD. We investigated the relationships of HDL’s size and protein cargo with its cholesterol efflux capacity using APOB-depleted serum and HDLs isolated from five inbred mouse strains with different susceptibilities to atherosclerosis. Like humans, mouse HDL carried >70 proteins linked to lipid metabolism, the acute-phase response, proteinase inhibition, and the immune system. HDL’s content of specific proteins strongly correlated with its size and cholesterol efflux capacity, suggesting that its protein cargo regulates its function. Cholesterol efflux capacity with macrophages strongly and positively correlated with retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and PLTP, but not APOA1. In contrast, ABCA1-specific cholesterol efflux correlated strongly with HDL’s content of APOA1, APOC3, and APOD, but not RBP4 and PLTP. Unexpectedly, APOE had a strong negative correlation with ABCA1-specific cholesterol efflux capacity. Moreover, the ABCA1-specific cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL isolated from APOE-deficient mice was significantly greater than that of HDL from wild-type mice. Our observations demonstrate that the HDL-associated APOE regulates HDL’s ABCA1-specific cholesterol efflux capacity. These findings may be clinically relevant because HDL’s APOE content associates with CVD risk and ABCA1 deficiency promotes unregulated cholesterol accumulation in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Pamir
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Godfrey S Getz
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Genetics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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50
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Ronsein GE, Reyes-Soffer G, He Y, Oda M, Ginsberg H, Heinecke JW. Targeted Proteomics Identifies Paraoxonase/Arylesterase 1 (PON1) and Apolipoprotein Cs as Potential Risk Factors for Hypoalphalipoproteinemia in Diabetic Subjects Treated with Fenofibrate and Rosiglitazone. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 15:1083-93. [PMID: 26667175 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.054528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and high triglyceride levels contribute to the excess rate of cardiovascular events seen in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Fenofibrate treatment partially reverses dyslipidemia in these subjects. However, a paradoxical marked reduction in HDL-C and HDL's major protein, apolipoprotein A-I, is a complication of fenofibrate in combination with rosiglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing agent. Risk factors for this condition, termed hypoalphalipoproteinemia, have yet to be identified. Using a case-control study design with subjects enrolled in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial, we tested the hypothesis that alterations in HDL's protein cargo predispose diabetic subjects to fenofibrate/rosiglitazone-induced hypoalphalipoproteinemia. HDL was isolated from blood obtained from controls (no decreases or increase in HDL-C while receiving fenofibrate/rosiglitazone therapy) and cases (developed hypoalphalipoproteinemia after fenofibrate/rosiglitazone treatment) participating in the ACCORD study before they began fenofibrate/rosiglitazone treatment. HDL proteins were quantified by targeted parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) and selected reaction monitoring (SRM) with isotope dilution. This approach demonstrated marked increases in the relative concentrations of paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (PON1), apolipoprotein C-II (APOC2), apolipoprotein C-I, and apolipoprotein H in the HDL of subjects who developed hypoalphalipoproteinemia. The case and control subjects did not differ significantly in baseline HDL-C levels or other traditional lipid risk factors. We used orthogonal biochemical techniques to confirm increased levels of PON1 and APOC2. Our observations suggest that an imbalance in HDL proteins predisposes diabetic subjects to develop hypoalphalipoproteinemia on fenofibrate/rosiglitazone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella E Ronsein
- From the ‡Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109;
| | - Gissette Reyes-Soffer
- § Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Medicine, New York, NY 10032
| | - Yi He
- From the ‡Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Michael Oda
- ¶Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609
| | - Henry Ginsberg
- § Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Medicine, New York, NY 10032
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- From the ‡Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109
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