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Fickweiler W, Park H, Park K, Mitzner MG, Chokshi T, Boumenna T, Gautier J, Zaitsu Y, Wu IH, Cavallerano J, Aiello LP, Sun JK, King GL. Elevated Retinol Binding Protein 3 Concentrations Are Associated With Decreased Vitreous Inflammatory Cytokines, VEGF, and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:2159-2162. [PMID: 35852358 PMCID: PMC9472483 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To correlate inflammatory cytokines and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in vitreous and plasma with vitreous retinol binding protein 3 (RBP3), diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity, and DR worsening in a population with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS RBP3, VEGF, and inflammatory cytokines were measured in plasma and vitreous samples (n = 205) from subjects of the Joslin Medalist Study and Beetham Eye Institute. RESULTS Higher vitreous RBP3 concentrations were associated with less severe DR (P < 0.0001) and a reduced risk of developing proliferative DR (PDR) (P < 0.0001). Higher RBP3 correlated with increased photoreceptor segment thickness and lower vitreous interleukin-12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and TNF-β (P < 0.05). PDR was associated with lower vitreous interferon-γ and IL-10 and higher VEGF, IL-6, and IL-15 (P < 0.05), but was not associated with their plasma concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Higher vitreous RBP3 concentrations are associated with less severe DR and slower rates of progression to PDR, supporting its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic agent for preventing DR worsening, possibly by lowering retinal VEGF and inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ward Fickweiler
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hyunseok Park
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Margalit G. Mitzner
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Tanvi Chokshi
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - John Gautier
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Yumi Zaitsu
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - I-Hsien Wu
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jerry Cavallerano
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lloyd P. Aiello
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer K. Sun
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - George L. King
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Park K, Li Q, Lynes MD, Yokomizo H, Maddaloni E, Shinjo T, St-Louis R, Li Q, Katagiri S, Fu J, Clermont A, Park H, Wu IH, Yu MG, Shah H, Tseng YH, King GL. Endothelial Cells Induced Progenitors Into Brown Fat to Reduce Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2022; 131:168-183. [PMID: 35642564 PMCID: PMC9308716 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) can increase atherosclerotic and cardiovascular risk by inducing endothelial dysfunction, decreasing nitric oxide (NO) production, and accelerating arterial inflammation. The aim is to determine the mechanism by which insulin action and NO production in endothelial cells can improve systemic bioenergetics and decrease atherosclerosis via differentiation of perivascular progenitor cells (PPCs) into brown adipocytes (BAT). METHODS Studies used various endothelial transgenic and deletion mutant ApoE-/- mice of insulin receptors, eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) and ETBR (endothelin receptor type B) receptors for assessments of atherosclerosis. Cells were isolated from perivascular fat and micro-vessels for studies on differentiation and signaling mechanisms in responses to NO, insulin, and lipokines from BAT. RESULTS Enhancing insulin's actions on endothelial cells and NO production in ECIRS1 transgenic mice reduced body weight and increased systemic energy expenditure and BAT mass and activity by inducing differentiation of PPCs into beige/BAT even with high-fat diet. However, positive changes in bioenergetics, BAT differentiation from PPCs and weight loss were inhibited by N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of eNOS, in ECIRS1 mice and eNOSKO mice. The mechanism mediating NO's action on PPC differentiation into BAT was identified as the activation of solubilized guanylate cyclase/PKGIα (cGMP protein-dependent kinase Iα)/GSK3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3β) pathways. Plasma lipidomics from ECIRS1 mice with NO-induced increased BAT mass revealed elevated 12,13-diHOME production. Infusion of 12,13-diHOME improved endothelial dysfunction and decreased atherosclerosis, whereas its reduction had opposite effects in ApoE-/-mice. CONCLUSIONS Activation of eNOS and endothelial cells by insulin enhanced the differentiation of PPC to BAT and its lipokines and improved systemic bioenergetics and atherosclerosis, suggesting that endothelial dysfunction is a major contributor of energy disequilibrium in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungmin Park
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Qian Li
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Matthew D. Lynes
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Hisashi Yokomizo
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Ernesto Maddaloni
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Takanori Shinjo
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Ronald St-Louis
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Qin Li
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Jialin Fu
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Allen Clermont
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Hyunseok Park
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - I-Hsien Wu
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Marc Gregory. Yu
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Hetal Shah
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - George L. King
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
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Fu J, Shinjo T, Li Q, St-Louis R, Park K, Yu MG, Yokomizo H, Simao F, Huang Q, Wu IH, King GL. Regenerating glomerular metabolism and function by podocyte pyruvate kinase M2 in diabetic nephropathy. JCI Insight 2022; 7:155260. [PMID: 35133981 PMCID: PMC8983139 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) arises from systemic and local changes in glucose metabolism and hemodynamics. We have reported that many glycolytic and mitochondrial enzymes, such as pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), were elevated in renal glomeruli of DN-protected type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Here, mice with PKM2-specific overexpression in podocytes (PPKM2Tg) were generated to uncover its renal protective function as potential therapeutic target, which prevented elevated albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), mesangial expansion, basement membrane thickness and podocyte foot process effacement after 7-months of STZ-induced diabetes. Further, diabetes-induced impairment of glycolytic rate and mitochondrial function were normalized in diabetic PPKM2Tg glomeruli, in concordance with elevated Ppargc1a and Vegf expressions. Restored VEGF expression improved glomerular maximal mitochondrial function in diabetic PPKM2Tg and WT mice. Elevated VEGF levels were observed in the glomeruli of DN-protected patients with chronic type 1 diabetes, and clinically correlated with estimated GFR, but not glycemic control. Mechanistically, the preservations of mitochondrial function and VEGF expression were dependent on tetrameric structure and enzymatic activities of PKM2 in podocyte. These findings demonstrated that PKM2 structure and enzymatic activation in podocytes can preserve entire glomerular mitochondrial function against toxicity of hyperglycemia via paracrine factors such as VEGF and prevent DN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Fu
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Takanori Shinjo
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Qian Li
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Ronald St-Louis
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Kyoungmin Park
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Marc G Yu
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Hisashi Yokomizo
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Fabricio Simao
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Qian Huang
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - I-Hsien Wu
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - George L King
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
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Fickweiler W, Wolfson EA, Paniagua SM, Yu MG, Adam A, Bahnam V, Sampani K, Wu IH, Musen G, Aiello LP, Shah H, Sun JK, King GL. Response to Letter to the Editor from Brunerova et al: "Association of Cognitive Function and Retinal Neural and Vascular Structure in Type 1 Diabetes". J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e3789-e3790. [PMID: 34038552 PMCID: PMC8372663 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ward Fickweiler
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Marc Gregory Yu
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Atif Adam
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanessa Bahnam
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konstantina Sampani
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I-Hsien Wu
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gail Musen
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lloyd P Aiello
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hetal Shah
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer K Sun
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George L King
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Fickweiler W, Wolfson EA, Paniagua SM, Yu MG, Adam A, Bahnam V, Sampani K, Wu IH, Musen G, Aiello LP, Shah H, Sun JK, King GL. Association of Cognitive Function and Retinal Neural and Vascular Structure in Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1139-1149. [PMID: 33378459 PMCID: PMC7993575 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cognitive dysfunction is a growing and understudied public health issue in the aging type 1 diabetic population and is difficult and time-consuming to diagnose. Studies in long duration type 1 diabetes have reported the presence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy was associated with cognitive dysfunction. OBJECTIVE This study assessed whether structural and vascular abnormalities of the retina, representing an extension of the central nervous system, are associated with cognitive impairment and other complications of type 1 diabetes. METHODS An observational cross-sectional study of individuals with 50 or more years of type 1 diabetes (Joslin Medalist Study) was conducted at a university hospital in the United States. The study included 129 participants with complete cognitive testing. Validated cognitive testing measures included psychomotor speed, and immediate, and delayed memory. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) were performed to obtain neural retinal layer thicknesses and vascular density for superficial (SCP) and deep retinal capillary plexus (DCP). Multivariable modeling was adjusted for potential confounders associated with outcomes in unadjusted analyses. RESULTS Decreased vessel density of the SCP and DCP was associated with worse delayed memory (DCP: P = .002) and dominant hand psychomotor speed (SCP: P = .01). Thinning of the retinal outer nuclear layer was associated with worse psychomotor speed both in nondominant and dominant hands (P = .01 and P = .05, respectively). Outer plexiform layer thickness was associated with delayed memory (P = .04). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that noninvasive retinal imaging using OCT and OCTA may assist in estimating the risks for cognitive dysfunction in people with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ward Fickweiler
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily A Wolfson
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Marc Gregory Yu
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Atif Adam
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vanessa Bahnam
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Konstantina Sampani
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - I-Hsien Wu
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gail Musen
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lloyd P Aiello
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hetal Shah
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer K Sun
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George L King
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Correspondence: George L. King, MD, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, 1 Joslin Pl, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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6
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Yokomizo H, Maeda Y, Park K, Clermont AC, Hernandez SL, Fickweiler W, Li Q, Wang CH, Paniagua SM, Simao F, Ishikado A, Sun B, Wu IH, Katagiri S, Pober DM, Tinsley LJ, Avery RL, Feener EP, Kern TS, Keenan HA, Aiello LP, Sun JK, King GL. Retinol binding protein 3 is increased in the retina of patients with diabetes resistant to diabetic retinopathy. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/499/eaau6627. [PMID: 31270273 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau6627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Joslin Medalist Study characterized people affected with type 1 diabetes for 50 years or longer. More than 35% of these individuals exhibit no to mild diabetic retinopathy (DR), independent of glycemic control, suggesting the presence of endogenous protective factors against DR in a subpopulation of patients. Proteomic analysis of retina and vitreous identified retinol binding protein 3 (RBP3), a retinol transport protein secreted mainly by the photoreceptors, as elevated in Medalist patients protected from advanced DR. Mass spectrometry and protein expression analysis identified an inverse association between vitreous RBP3 concentration and DR severity. Intravitreal injection and photoreceptor-specific overexpression of RBP3 in rodents inhibited the detrimental effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Mechanistically, our results showed that recombinant RBP3 exerted the therapeutic effects by binding and inhibiting VEGF receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. In addition, by binding to glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and decreasing glucose uptake, RBP3 blocked the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia in inducing inflammatory cytokines in retinal endothelial and Müller cells. Elevated expression of photoreceptor-secreted RBP3 may have a role in protection against the progression of DR due to hyperglycemia by inhibiting glucose uptake via GLUT1 and decreasing the expression of inflammatory cytokines and VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Yokomizo
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yasutaka Maeda
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kyoungmin Park
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Allen C Clermont
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Ward Fickweiler
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Wang
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Fabricio Simao
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Atsushi Ishikado
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bei Sun
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - I-Hsien Wu
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David M Pober
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Liane J Tinsley
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Robert L Avery
- California Retina Consultants, Santa Barbara, CA 93103, USA
| | - Edward P Feener
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy S Kern
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Hillary A Keenan
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lloyd Paul Aiello
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jennifer K Sun
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - George L King
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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7
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Vaisar T, Kanter JE, Wimberger J, Irwin AD, Gauthier J, Wolfson E, Bahnam V, Wu IH, Shah H, Keenan HA, Greenbaum CJ, King GL, Heinecke JW, Bornfeldt KE. High Concentration of Medium-Sized HDL Particles and Enrichment in HDL Paraoxonase 1 Associate With Protection From Vascular Complications in People With Long-standing Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2020; 43:178-186. [PMID: 31597668 PMCID: PMC6925582 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-0772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A subset of people with long-standing type 1 diabetes (T1D) appears to be protected from microvascular and macrovascular complications. Previous studies have focused on improved abilities to respond to glucose and its downstream effects as protective mechanisms. It is unclear whether lipoproteins play a role in the vascular health of these people. We therefore determined whether HDL particle concentration, size, function, and/or protein composition associate with protection from vascular complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied two independent cross-sectional cohorts with T1D: the T1D Exchange Living Biobank (n = 47) and the Joslin Medalist Study (n = 100). Some of the subjects had vascular complications, whereas others never exhibited vascular complications, despite an average duration of diabetes in the cohorts of 45 years. We assessed HDL particle size and concentration by calibrated ion mobility analysis, the HDL proteome by targeted mass spectrometry, and HDL function ex vivo by quantifying cholesterol efflux capacity and inhibition of monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. RESULTS In both cohorts, people without vascular complications exhibited significantly higher concentrations of medium-sized HDL particles (M-HDL) independently of total and HDL cholesterol levels. While no consistent differences in HDL functions were observed ex vivo, people without vascular complications had higher levels of HDL-associated paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an enzyme that inhibits atherosclerosis in animal models. CONCLUSIONS Elevated concentrations of M-HDL particles and elevated levels of HDL-associated PON1 may contribute to long-term protection from the vascular complications of diabetes by pathways that are independent of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Vaisar
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Jenny E Kanter
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Jake Wimberger
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Angela D Irwin
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - John Gauthier
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Emily Wolfson
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - I-Hsien Wu
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Hetal Shah
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - George L King
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA .,Department of Pathology, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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8
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Gordin D, Shah H, Shinjo T, St-Louis R, Qi W, Park K, Paniagua SM, Pober DM, Wu IH, Bahnam V, Brissett MJ, Tinsley LJ, Dreyfuss JM, Pan H, Dong Y, Niewczas MA, Amenta P, Sadowski T, Kannt A, Keenan HA, King GL. Characterization of Glycolytic Enzymes and Pyruvate Kinase M2 in Type 1 and 2 Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:1263-1273. [PMID: 31076418 PMCID: PMC6609957 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-2585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elevated glycolytic enzymes in renal glomeruli correlated with preservation of renal function in the Medalist Study, individuals with ≥50 years of type 1 diabetes. Specifically, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) activation protected insulin-deficient diabetic mice from hyperglycemia-induced glomerular pathology. This study aims to extend these findings in a separate cohort of individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and discover new circulatory biomarkers for renal protection through proteomics and metabolomics of Medalists' plasma. We hypothesize that increased glycolytic flux and improved mitochondrial biogenesis will halt the progression of diabetic nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Immunoblots analyzed selected glycolytic and mitochondrial enzymes in postmortem glomeruli of non-Medalists with type 1 diabetes (n = 15), type 2 diabetes (n = 19), and no diabetes (n = 5). Plasma proteomic (SOMAscan) (n = 180) and metabolomic screens (n = 214) of Medalists with and without stage 3b chronic kidney disease (CKD) were conducted and significant markers validated by ELISA. RESULTS Glycolytic (PKM1, PKM2, and ENO1) and mitochondrial (MTCO2) enzymes were significantly elevated in glomeruli of CKD- versus CKD+ individuals with type 2 diabetes. Medalists' plasma PKM2 correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (r 2 = 0.077; P = 0.0002). Several glucose and mitochondrial enzymes in circulation were upregulated with corresponding downregulation of toxic metabolites in CKD-protected Medalists. Amyloid precursor protein was also significantly upregulated, tumor necrosis factor receptors downregulated, and both confirmed by ELISA. CONCLUSIONS Elevation of enzymes involved in the metabolism of intracellular free glucose and its metabolites in renal glomeruli is connected to preserving kidney function in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The renal profile of elevated glycolytic enzymes and reduced toxic glucose metabolites is reflected in the circulation, supporting their use as biomarkers for endogenous renal protective factors in people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gordin
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Folkhälsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hetal Shah
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Takanori Shinjo
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ronald St-Louis
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Weier Qi
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Translational Research and Early Clinical Development, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kyoungmin Park
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - David M Pober
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Pan
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Monika A Niewczas
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Peter Amenta
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Aimo Kannt
- Sanofi Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hillary A Keenan
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Sanofi-Genzyme, Cambridge, MA
| | - George L King
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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9
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Shinjo T, Ishikado A, Hasturk H, Pober DM, Paniagua SM, Shah H, Wu IH, Tinsley LJ, Matsumoto M, Keenan HA, Van Dyke TE, Genco RJ, King GL. Characterization of periodontitis in people with type 1 diabetes of 50 years or longer duration. J Periodontol 2019; 90:565-575. [PMID: 31026349 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is more common and severe in people with diabetes than the general population. We have reported in the Joslin Medalist Study that people with type 1 diabetes of ≥50 years (Medalists) may have endogenous protective factors against diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of periodontitis according to the Centers for Disease Control/American Academy of Periodontology classification in a subset (n = 170, mean age = 64.6 ± 6.9 years) of the Medalist cohort, and its associations to various criteria of periodontitis and diabetic complications were assessed. RESULTS The prevalence of severe periodontitis in Medalists was only 13.5% which was lower than reported levels in diabetic patients of similar ages. Periodontal parameters, including bleeding on probing, plaque index, gingival index, and demographic traits, including male sex, chronological age, and age at diagnosis were significantly associated with severity of periodontitis, which did not associate with diabetes duration, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), body mass index, and lipid profiles. Random serum C-peptide levels inversely associated with severity of periodontitis (P = 0.03), lower probing depth (P = 0.0002), and clinical attachment loss (P = 0.03). Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and systemic inflammatory markers, plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), and serum immunoglobulin G titer against Porphyromonas gingivalis positively associated with severity of periodontitis (P = 0.002 and 0.02, respectively). Antibody titer to P. gingivalis correlated positively and significantly with CVD, serum IL-6, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. CONCLUSIONS Some Medalists could be protected from severe periodontitis even with hyperglycemia. Endogenous protective factors for periodontitis could possibly be related to residual insulin production and lower levels of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Shinjo
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Atsushi Ishikado
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,R&D Department, Sunstar, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Hatice Hasturk
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David M Pober
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha M Paniagua
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hetal Shah
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I-Hsien Wu
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liane J Tinsley
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Motonobu Matsumoto
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,R&D Department, Sunstar, Takatsuki, Japan
| | | | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Genco
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - George L King
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Tsai CT, Hsieh CS, Chen YH, Hwang JJ, Chuang EY, Wu IH. P6217Global expression profiling identifies a novel hyaluronan synthases 2 gene in the pathogenesis of lower extremity varicose vein. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p6217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C T Tsai
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - C S Hsieh
- National Taiwan University, Department of Life Science, Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Y H Chen
- Tamkang University, Department of Chemistry, New Taipei City, Taiwan ROC
| | - J J Hwang
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - E Y Chuang
- National Taiwan University, Department of Life Science, Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - I H Wu
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Cardiovascular surgical department, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
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11
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Qi W, Keenan HA, Li Q, Ishikado A, Kannt A, Sadowski T, Yorek MA, Wu IH, Lockhart S, Coppey LJ, Pfenninger A, Liew CW, Qiang G, Burkart AM, Hastings S, Pober D, Cahill C, Niewczas MA, Israelsen WJ, Tinsley L, Stillman IE, Amenta PS, Feener EP, Vander Heiden MG, Stanton RC, King GL. Pyruvate kinase M2 activation may protect against the progression of diabetic glomerular pathology and mitochondrial dysfunction. Nat Med 2017; 23:753-762. [PMID: 28436957 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease, and therapeutic options for preventing its progression are limited. To identify novel therapeutic strategies, we studied protective factors for DN using proteomics on glomeruli from individuals with extreme duration of diabetes (ł50 years) without DN and those with histologic signs of DN. Enzymes in the glycolytic, sorbitol, methylglyoxal and mitochondrial pathways were elevated in individuals without DN. In particular, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) expression and activity were upregulated. Mechanistically, we showed that hyperglycemia and diabetes decreased PKM2 tetramer formation and activity by sulfenylation in mouse glomeruli and cultured podocytes. Pkm-knockdown immortalized mouse podocytes had higher levels of toxic glucose metabolites, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Podocyte-specific Pkm2-knockout (KO) mice with diabetes developed worse albuminuria and glomerular pathology. Conversely, we found that pharmacological activation of PKM2 by a small-molecule PKM2 activator, TEPP-46, reversed hyperglycemia-induced elevation in toxic glucose metabolites and mitochondrial dysfunction, partially by increasing glycolytic flux and PGC-1α mRNA in cultured podocytes. In intervention studies using DBA2/J and Nos3 (eNos) KO mouse models of diabetes, TEPP-46 treatment reversed metabolic abnormalities, mitochondrial dysfunction and kidney pathology. Thus, PKM2 activation may protect against DN by increasing glucose metabolic flux, inhibiting the production of toxic glucose metabolites and inducing mitochondrial biogenesis to restore mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weier Qi
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hillary A Keenan
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Atsushi Ishikado
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aimo Kannt
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Mark A Yorek
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - I-Hsien Wu
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Chong Wee Liew
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Guifen Qiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, China
| | - Alison M Burkart
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie Hastings
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Pober
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher Cahill
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Monika A Niewczas
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William J Israelsen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Liane Tinsley
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isaac E Stillman
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Anatomic Pathology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter S Amenta
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward P Feener
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert C Stanton
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George L King
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Noh H, Yu MR, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Park BW, Wu IH, Matsumoto M, King GL. Beta 2-adrenergic receptor agonists are novel regulators of macrophage activation in diabetic renal and cardiovascular complications. Kidney Int 2017; 92:101-113. [PMID: 28396116 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage activation is increased in diabetes and correlated with the onset and progression of vascular complications. To identify drugs that could inhibit macrophage activation, we developed a cell-based assay and screened a 1,040 compound library for anti-inflammatory effects. Beta2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonists were identified as the most potent inhibitors of phorbol myristate acetate-induced tumor necrosis factor-α production in rat bone marrow macrophages. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, β2AR agonists inhibited diabetes-induced tumor necrosis factor-α production, which was prevented by co-treatment with a selective β2AR blocker. To clarify the underlying mechanisms, THP-1 cells and bone marrow macrophages were exposed to high glucose. High glucose reduced β-arrestin2, a negative regulator of NF-κB activation, and its interaction with IκBα. This subsequently enhanced phosphorylation of IκBα and activation of NF-κB. The β2AR agonists enhanced β-arrestin2 and its interaction with IκBα, leading to downregulation of NF-κB. A siRNA specific for β-arrestin2 reversed β2AR agonist-mediated inhibition of NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production. Treatment of Zucker diabetic fatty rats with a β2AR agonist for 12 weeks attenuated monocyte activation as well as pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses in the kidneys and heart. Thus, β2AR agonists might have protective effects against diabetic renal and cardiovascular complications.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/chemically induced
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/genetics
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/prevention & control
- Diabetic Nephropathies/chemically induced
- Diabetic Nephropathies/genetics
- Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/prevention & control
- Fibrosis
- Humans
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Macrophage Activation/drug effects
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Kinase C/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Rats, Zucker
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Streptozocin
- THP-1 Cells
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- beta-Arrestin 2/genetics
- beta-Arrestin 2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Noh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University, Seoul, Korea; Hyonam Kidney Laboratory, Soon Chun Hyang University, Seoul, Korea; Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Mi Ra Yu
- Hyonam Kidney Laboratory, Soon Chun Hyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Kim
- Hyonam Kidney Laboratory, Soon Chun Hyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- Hyonam Kidney Laboratory, Soon Chun Hyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung-Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - I-Hsien Wu
- Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Motonobu Matsumoto
- Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George L King
- Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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13
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Park K, Mima A, Li Q, Rask-Madsen C, He P, Mizutani K, Katagiri S, Maeda Y, Wu IH, Khamaisi M, Preil SR, Maddaloni E, Sørensen D, Rasmussen LM, Huang PL, King GL. Insulin decreases atherosclerosis by inducing endothelin receptor B expression. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e86574. [PMID: 27200419 PMCID: PMC4869734 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.86574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) insulin resistance and dysfunction, caused by diabetes, accelerates atherosclerosis. It is unknown whether specifically enhancing EC-targeted insulin action can decrease atherosclerosis in diabetes. Accordingly, overexpressing insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) in the endothelia of Apoe-/- mice (Irs1/Apoe-/-) increased insulin signaling and function in the aorta. Atherosclerosis was significantly reduced in Irs1/ApoE-/- mice on diet-induced hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. The mechanism of insulin's enhanced antiatherogenic actions in EC was related to remarkable induction of NO action, which increases endothelin receptor B (EDNRB) expression and intracellular [Ca2+]. Using the mice with knockin mutation of eNOS, which had Ser1176 mutated to alanine (AKI), deleting the only known mechanism for insulin to activate eNOS/NO pathway, we observed that IRS1 overexpression in the endothelia of Aki/ApoE-/- mice significantly decreased atherosclerosis. Interestingly, endothelial EDNRB expression was selectively reduced in intima of arteries from diabetic patients and rodents. However, endothelial EDNRB expression was upregulated by insulin via P13K/Akt pathway. Finally EDNRB deletion in EC of Ldlr-/- and Irs1/Ldlr-/- mice decreased NO production and accelerated atherosclerosis, compared with Ldlr-/- mice. Accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetes may be reduced by improving insulin signaling selectively via IRS1/Akt in the EC by inducing EDNRB expression and NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungmin Park
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Akira Mima
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian Rask-Madsen
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pingnian He
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Koji Mizutani
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yasutaka Maeda
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - I-Hsien Wu
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mogher Khamaisi
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simone Rordam Preil
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ernesto Maddaloni
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ditte Sørensen
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Melholt Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Paul L. Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George L. King
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Hernandez SL, Gong JH, Chen L, Wu IH, Sun JK, Keenan HA, King GL. Characterization of circulating and endothelial progenitor cells in patients with extreme-duration type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:2193-201. [PMID: 24780357 PMCID: PMC4113171 DOI: 10.2337/dc13-2547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We characterized and correlated endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) with lack of vascular complications in the Joslin Medalist Study in patients with type 1 diabetes for 50 years or longer. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS EPC and CPC levels were ascertained by flow cytometry and compared among Medalists (n = 172) with or without diabetic retinopathy (DR; n = 84 of 162), neuropathy (n = 94 of 165), diabetic nephropathy (DN; n = 18 of 172), cardiovascular disease (CVD; n = 63 of 168), age-matched controls (n = 83), type 2 diabetic patients (n = 36), and younger type 1 diabetic patients (n = 31). Mitogens, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative markers were measured in blood or urine. Migration of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Medalists and age-matched controls were compared. RESULTS Medalists' EPC and CPC levels equaled those of their nondiabetic age-matched controls, were 10% higher than those in younger type 1 diabetic patients, and were 20% higher than those in age-matched type 2 diabetic patients. CPC levels were 15% higher in Medalists without CVD and nephropathy than in those affected, whereas EPC levels were significantly higher in those without peripheral vascular disease (PVD) than those with PVD. Stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) levels were higher in Medalists with CVD, DN, and DR than in those not affected and their controls. IGF-I levels were lower in Medalists and correlated inversely with CPC levels. Additionally, cultured PBMCs from Medalists migrated more than those from nondiabetic controls. CONCLUSIONS Normal levels of EPC and CPC in the Medalists, unlike other groups with diabetes, especially those without CVD, support the idea that endogenous factors exist to neutralize the adverse effects of metabolic abnormalities of diabetes on vascular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia L Hernandez
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer H Gong
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MADepartment of Internal Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Liming Chen
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MATianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - I-Hsien Wu
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer K Sun
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MABeetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MADepartment of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hillary A Keenan
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MADepartment of Internal Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - George L King
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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15
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Luo CW, Wu IH, Cheng PC, Lin JY, Wu KH, Uen TM, Juang JY, Kobayashi T, Chareev DA, Volkova OS, Vasiliev AN. Quasiparticle dynamics and phonon softening in FeSe superconductors. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:257006. [PMID: 23004646 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.257006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Quasiparticle dynamics of FeSe single crystals revealed by dual-color transient reflectivity measurements (ΔR/R) provides unprecedented information on Fe-based superconductors. The amplitude of the fast component in ΔR/R clearly gives a competing scenario between spin fluctuations and superconductivity. Together with the transport measurements, the relaxation time analysis further exhibits anomalous changes at 90 and 230 K. The former manifests a structure phase transition as well as the associated phonon softening. The latter suggests a previously overlooked phase transition or crossover in FeSe. The electron-phonon coupling constant λ is found to be 0.16, identical to the value of theoretical calculations. Such a small λ demonstrates an unconventional origin of superconductivity in FeSe.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Luo
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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16
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Maeno Y, Li Q, Park K, Rask-Madsen C, Gao B, Matsumoto M, Liu Y, Wu IH, White MF, Feener EP, King GL. Inhibition of insulin signaling in endothelial cells by protein kinase C-induced phosphorylation of p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). J Biol Chem 2011; 287:4518-30. [PMID: 22158866 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.286591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of endothelial function by insulin is consistently abnormal in insulin-resistant states and diabetes. Protein kinase C (PKC) activation has been reported to inhibit insulin signaling selectively in endothelial cells via the insulin receptor substrate/PI3K/Akt pathway to reduce the activation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS). In this study, it was observed that PKC activation differentially inhibited insulin receptor substrate 1/2 (IRS1/2) signaling of insulin's activation of PI3K/eNOS by decreasing only tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS2. In addition, PKC activation, by general activator and specifically by angiotensin II, increased the phosphorylation of p85/PI3K, which decreases its association with IRS1 and activation. Thr-86 of p85/PI3K was identified to be phosphorylated by PKC activation and confirmed to affect IRS1-mediated activation of Akt/eNOS by insulin and VEGF using a deletion mutant of the Thr-86 region of p85/PI3K. Thus, PKC and angiotensin-induced phosphorylation of Thr-86 of p85/PI3K may partially inhibit the activation of PI3K/eNOS by multiple cytokines and contribute to endothelial dysfunction in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Maeno
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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17
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Juan HC, Tou I, Lo SC, Wu IH. Efficacy of postural techniques assessed by videofluoroscopy for myasthenia gravis with dysphagia as the presenting symptom: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2010; 4:370. [PMID: 21087522 PMCID: PMC3009659 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-4-370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oropharyngeal weakness leading to dysphagia is rarely the presenting symptom of myasthenia gravis, but it can be a significant source of morbidity and mortality. The earliest possible diagnosis of myasthenia gravis should be made for better management of this cause of treatable dysphagia. A detailed evaluation of swallowing by videofluoroscopy can assist in making an accurate diagnosis and in individualizing appropriate diet compensatory techniques. Case presentation We present the case of a 57-year-old Taiwanese man with dysphagia as the presenting symptom of myasthenia gravis, and evaluate the pathological findings of swallowing and effectiveness of compensatory postural techniques for dysphagia using videofluoroscopy. Conclusions Videofluoroscopy is a valuable technique for evaluating myasthenia gravis dysphagia, because it allows swallowing interventions to be precisely individualized in accordance with the results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chun Juan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan.
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18
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Chen YC, Chou NK, Hsu RB, Chi NH, Wu IH, Chen YS, Yu HY, Huang SC, Wang CH, Tsao CI, Ko WJ, Wang SS. End-stage renal disease after orthotopic heart transplantation: a single-institute experience. Transplant Proc 2010; 42:948-51. [PMID: 20430213 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Orthotopic heart transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage heart failure, and calcineurin inhibitor agents allow for better allograft survival. However, pretransplantation low cardiac output status and posttransplantation immunosuppressants contribute toward deterioration of renal function. From 1987 to 2008, 350 patients underwent orthotopic heart transplantation in our hospital. Most of them received anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) as the induction immunosuppressant. The introduction of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) reduced the maintenance level of cyclosporine. The 26 patients who developed end-stage renal disease required dialysis. We reviewed the patient characteristics, including pretransplantation status, immunosuppressant regimens and drug levels, time and type of dialysis, and mortality rate. The mean age of these 26 patients was 53 years. Three patients underwent peritoneal dialysis. The overall 1-year survival rate was 96%, and the 5-year survival rate was 80%. The duration from heart transplantation to chronic dialysis correlated with the presence of a pretransplantation diagnosis of diabetes (P<.05) and an elevated pretransplantation blood creatinine level (P=.01), but there was no significant effect of the initial level of cyclosporine. In addition, the pretransplantation blood creatinine level was also related to the necessity of immediate postoperative hemodialysis (P=.01). There was no significant risk factor in relation to mortality. Regardless of modification of immunosuppressant regimens and initial drug levels, pretransplantation kidney function played an important inverse role in the duration from transplantation to dialysis: the higher the pretransplantation blood creatinine, the shorter the duration. While awaiting a heart transplant, more effort should be spent on protecting renal function to avoid early chronic dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Wang SS, Chou NK, Chi NH, Wu IH, Chen YS, Yu HY, Huang SC, Wang CH, Ko WJ, Tsao CI, Sun CD. Heart transplantation under cyclosporine or tacrolimus combined with mycophenolate mofetil or everolimus. Transplant Proc 2008; 40:2607-8. [PMID: 18929814 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined whether cyclosporine was effective when combined with everolimus in clinical heart transplantation (HT). PATIENTS AND METHODS From August 2004 to July 2007, 108 adult patients underwent primary HT. The main exclusion criteria were: donors > 60 years; cold ischemia times > 6 hours; recipients of multiorgan transplantation or a previous transplantation; and panel-reactive antibodies > or = 25%. The cyclosporine plus everolimus regimen (group CE, n = 32) was suggested first; upon refusal or if the recipient or donor was positive for hepatitis B surface antigen or PCR + hepatitis C infection, then patient was randomly assigned to success cyclosporine plus mycophenolate mofetil (MMF; group CM, n = 24) or tacrolimus plus MMF (group TM, n = 25). All patients underwent similar operative procedures and postoperative care with protocol endomyocardial biopsies. RESULTS No 30-day mortality was noted in any group. The efficacy failure rates were 3%, 25%, and 16% in groups CE, CM, and TM, respectively (P = .04 between groups CE and CM). The 1-year survivals were 96.7% +/- 18.1%, 89.7% +/- 29.8%, and 81.0% +/- 35.5% for groups CE, CM, and TM, respectively (P = .04 between groups CE and TM). The 3-year survival rates were 91.9% +/- 28.3%, 79.8% +/- 46.0%, and 81.0% +/- 35.5% in groups CE, CM, and TM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The 3 immunosuppressive regimens offered good efficacy after HT. The cyclosporine plus everolimus regimen showed a significantly better result with less efficacy failure (compared with cyclosporine plus MMF: 3% vs 25%) and better 1-year survival compared with tacrolimus plus MMF: 96.7% vs 81.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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20
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Lee ML, Chou NK, Ko WJ, Chi NH, Chen YS, Yu HY, Wu IH, Huang SC, Wang CH, Chang CI, Wang SS. Cardiac Arrest After Methylprednisolone Pulse Therapy Rescued Using Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients With Acute Cardiac Rejection: Two Case Reports. Transplant Proc 2008; 40:2611-3. [PMID: 18929816 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M L Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Abstract
SUMMARY We have created a tool for ortholog and phylogenetic profile retrieval called Roundup. Roundup is backed by a massive repository of orthologs and associated evolutionary distances that was built using the reciprocal smallest distance algorithm, an approach that has been shown to improve upon alternative approaches of ortholog detection, such as reciprocal blast. Presently, the Roundup repository contains all possible pair-wise comparisons for over 250 genomes, including 32 Eukaryotes, more than doubling the coverage of any similar resource. The orthologs are accessible through an intuitive web interface that allows searches by genome or gene identifier, presenting results as phylogenetic profiles together with gene and molecular function annotations. Results may be downloaded as phylogenetic matrices for subsequent analysis, including the construction of whole-genome phylogenies based on gene-content data. AVAILABILITY http://rodeo.med.harvard.edu/tools/roundup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd F Deluca
- The Center for Biomedical Informatics & Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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22
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Sun LM, Huang EY, Ko SF, Wang CJ, Leung SW, Lin H, Wu JM, Wu IH, Lee SP. Computer tomography-assisted three-dimensional technique to assess rectal and bladder wall dose in intracavitary brachytherapy for uterine cervical cancer. Radiother Oncol 2004; 71:333-7. [PMID: 15172150 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2004.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2003] [Revised: 02/06/2004] [Accepted: 03/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We used a computer tomography (CT)-assisted three-dimensional (3D) technique to assess dose to the rectum and bladder in intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) for patients with cervical cancer, and compared this technique with the conventional method. The results revealed that the difference in dose to the rectal and bladder wall between these two methods were significant. The CT-assisted technique is a feasible method, and it gives different results than the conventional method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123, Ta-Pei Rd., Niao Sung Hsiang, Kaohsiung Hsien, Taiwan, ROC
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23
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Yew NS, Zhao H, Wu IH, Song A, Tousignant JD, Przybylska M, Cheng SH. Reduced inflammatory response to plasmid DNA vectors by elimination and inhibition of immunostimulatory CpG motifs. Mol Ther 2000; 1:255-62. [PMID: 10933941 DOI: 10.1006/mthe.2000.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An inflammatory response is invariably associated with administration of gene transfer complexes composed of cationic lipids and plasmid DNA (pDNA). In the lung, an influx of neutrophils and elevated levels of several proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6, and IL-12 characterize this dose-dependent response. The induction of these cytokines was shown previously to be due in part to the presence of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in the bacterially derived pDNA. We have eliminated 270 of 526 CpG dinucleotides in a reporter plasmid (pCFA-CAT) and tested the inflammatory response to cationic lipid:pDNA complexes containing the modified vector (pGZA-CAT) after intravenous (i.v.) or intranasal (i.n.) delivery into BALB/c mice. Compared to the unmodified vector, the CpG-reduced pGZA-CAT was found to be significantly less immunostimulatory, as the levels of IL-12, IFN-gamma, and IL-6 in the serum 24 h after i.v. delivery were reduced by 40 to 75%. Similar reductions in cytokine levels were also observed in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) after i.n. administration, while the levels of reporter gene expression were not affected by the modifications. We have also investigated known inhibitors of the CpG signaling pathways in order to decrease the inflammatory response. Two such inhibitors, chloroquine and quinacrine, greatly reduced the induction of IL-12 from mouse spleen cells in vitro and inhibited cytokine production in the lung by approximately 50% without affecting gene expression. These results illustrate that use of a less immunostimulatory pDNA vector or inhibitors of CpG immunostimulation can reduce significantly the toxicity associated with cationic lipid:pDNA complexes thereby increasing the therapeutic index of this synthetic gene transfer vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Yew
- Genzyme Corporation, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701-9322, USA.
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24
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Abstract
The clinical courses of 35 tuberculous empyema patients were investigated retrospectively from November 1990 through November 1995. Most patients had nonspecific symptoms and signs but with far-advanced pulmonary parenchymal lesions in their chest roentgenographs. The effusions showed neutrophilic leukocytosis with a 60% positive culture rate for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Multidrug resistant strains were found in 7 out of 18 cultures. All patients received chemotherapy and eight of them underwent additional surgical management. Twenty-two (62.9%) patients had been treated successfully and one patient is still under treatment. The remaining 12 patients either died during treatment or defaulted; and four (11.4%) of them had died of tuberculosis. We conclude that the treatment outcome of tuberculous empyema is less satisfactory than that of pulmonary tuberculosis, however, modern multidrug chemotherapy with repeated drainage and opportune surgical interventions could be in prospect of successful treatment of tuberculous empyema.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use
- Empyema, Tuberculous/diagnosis
- Empyema, Tuberculous/diagnostic imaging
- Empyema, Tuberculous/drug therapy
- Empyema, Tuberculous/surgery
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects
- Paracentesis
- Pleural Effusion/microbiology
- Pneumonectomy
- Radiography
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
- Thoracotomy
- Treatment Outcome
- Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/diagnosis
- Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy
- Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/surgery
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnostic imaging
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Bai
- Department of Clinical Service, Taiwan Provincial Chronic Disease Control Bureau, Taipei
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25
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Han ZS, Enslen H, Hu X, Meng X, Wu IH, Barrett T, Davis RJ, Ip YT. A conserved p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway regulates Drosophila immunity gene expression. Mol Cell Biol 1998; 18:3527-39. [PMID: 9584193 PMCID: PMC108934 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.18.6.3527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/1997] [Accepted: 03/17/1998] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the insect and mammalian innate immune response is mediated by homologous regulatory components. Proinflammatory cytokines and bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulate mammalian immunity by activating transcription factors such as NF-kappaB and AP-1. One of the responses evoked by these stimuli is the initiation of a kinase cascade that leads to the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase on Thr and Tyr within the motif Thr-Gly-Tyr, which is located within subdomain VIII. We have investigated the possible involvement of the p38 MAP kinase pathway in the Drosophila immune response. Two genes that are highly homologous to the mammalian p38 MAP kinase were molecularly cloned and characterized. Furthermore, genes that encode two novel Drosophila MAP kinase kinases, D-MKK3 and D-MKK4, were identified. D-MKK3 is an efficient activator of both Drosophila p38 MAP kinases, while D-MKK4 is an activator of D-JNK but not D-p38. These data establish that Drosophila indeed possesses a conserved p38 MAP kinase signaling pathway. We have examined the role of the D-p38 MAP kinases in the regulation of insect immunity. The results revealed that one of the functions of D-p38 is to attenuate antimicrobial peptide gene expression following exposure to lipopolysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Han
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
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26
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Chien HP, Huang ST, Yu MC, Wu IH, Lin TP. Ethambutol-induced pulmonary infiltrates with fever and skin rash: a case report. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1998; 61:371-4. [PMID: 9684516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A 55-year-old man presented with the suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis. He was treated with isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampicin and pyrazinamide. However, he developed high fever, skin rash and pulmonary infiltrates following 10 days of treatment. The above-mentioned conditions subsided promptly after stopping ethambutol therapy and reappeared after rechallenge, marking ethambutol as the offender. To present knowledge, this is the second case of an ethambutol-induced hypersensitivity lung reaction reported in English literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Chien
- Taiwan Provincial Chronic Disease Control Bureau, Taipei, ROC
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27
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Wu IH, Ko WJ, Chou NK, Chao A, Lin FY. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in treatment of cardiogenic shock caused by acute myocarditis. J Formos Med Assoc 1998; 97:364-6. [PMID: 9610063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a 31-year-old woman with acute myocarditis who was transferred to our hospital because of rapidly progressive cardiogenic shock unresponsive to infusion of high doses of inotropic agents and intraaortic balloon pump support. Upon arrival at our hospital, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was immediately established through a right femoral venoarterial route by percutaneous cannulation; the blood flow of ECMO was maintained at around 2,100 mL/min. Shock-induced rhabdomyolysis complicated with acute renal failure occurred. During treatment with ECMO and hemodialysis, the patient gradually recovered cardiac and renal function. The patient was maintained on ECMO for 90 hours then successfully weaned from the machine without major complications. Our experience suggests that ECMO can be used for temporary mechanical circulatory support in patients with cardiogenic shock due to acute myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H Wu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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28
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Chiang CY, Wu IH, Yu MC, Lee CN, Bai KJ, Suo J, Lin TP. Screening of human immunodeficiency virus infection in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 1998; 97:66-8. [PMID: 9481069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To disclose the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the tuberculosis epidemic in Taiwan, we prospectively screened for HIV infection in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. A total of 378 patients who were admitted to the Taiwan Provincial Chronic Disease Control Bureau from January through December 1996 were enrolled. HIV serologic testing was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A positive ELISA test was confirmed by Western blot analysis. One patient was infected with HIV. We conclude that the impact of HIV infection on the epidemic of tuberculosis in Taiwan is not significant at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chiang
- Taiwan Provincial Chronic Disease Control Bureau, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Glick AB, Weinberg WC, Wu IH, Quan W, Yuspa SH. Transforming growth factor beta 1 suppresses genomic instability independent of a G1 arrest, p53, and Rb. Cancer Res 1996; 56:3645-50. [PMID: 8706000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in expression of or responsiveness to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) are frequently found in human and animal epithelial cancers and are though to be important for loss of growth control in the neoplastic cell. We show here that keratinocyte cell lines from mice with a targeted deletion of the TGF-beta 1 gene have significantly increased frequencies of gene amplification in response to the drug N-phosphonoacetyl-L-aspartate (PALA) compared to TGF-beta 1-expressing control keratinocyte cell lines. In contrast to the control lines, the PALA-mediated G1 arrest did not occur in the TGF-beta 1 null keratinocytes despite the presence of wild-type p53 in both genotypes. Exogenous TGF-beta 1 suppresses gene amplification in the null keratinocytes at concentrations that do not cause a G1 growth arrest and in human tumor cell lines that are insensitive to TGF-beta 1-mediated growth inhibition. The pathway of TGF-beta 1 suppression is independent of the p53 and Rb genes, but requires an intact TGF-beta type II receptor. These studies reveal a novel TGF-beta-mediated pathway regulating genomic stability and suggest that defects in TGF-beta signaling may have profound effects on tumor progression independent of cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Glick
- Laboratory of Cellular Carcinogenesis and Tumor Promotion, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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30
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Abstract
ZPR1 is a zinc finger protein that binds to the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Deletion analysis demonstrated that this binding interaction is mediated by the zinc fingers of ZPR1 and subdomains X and XI of the EGFR tyrosine kinase. Treatment of mammalian cells with EGF caused decreased binding of ZPR1 to the EGFR and the accumulation of ZPR1 in the nucleus. The effect of EGF to regulate ZPR1 binding is dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGFR. ZPR1 therefore represents a prototype for a class of molecule that binds to the EGFR and is released from the receptor after activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Galcheva-Gargova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, 01605, USA
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31
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Yu JJ, Lu SC, Wu IH, Yu MC, Lee CN, Lin TP. [Disseminated Strongyloides stercoralis infection mimicking pneumonia]. J Formos Med Assoc 1995; 94 Suppl 2:S162-5. [PMID: 8672946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode. In an immunocompetent host, Strongyloides infections usually produce only mild gastrointestinal symptoms. However, in an immunocompromised host, widespread dissemination of larvae to the extra-intestinal organs may occur. If unrecognized, the mortality rate is high. Here we report a case of disseminated strongyloidiasis in a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) subject whose chest radiograph demonstrated multiple pneumonic patches and interstitial infiltrates. Strongyloides larvae were found in stool, sputum, and urine, and embryonated eggs were also found in sputum. The patient was treated successfully with mebendazole and alben albendazole. In conclusion, although high mortality rate is noted in disseminated strongyloidiasis, it is still a curable disease when early diagnosis and treatment could be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Yu
- Taiwan Provincial Chronic Disease Control Bureau, Taipei, R.O.C
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32
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Dérijard B, Raingeaud J, Barrett T, Wu IH, Han J, Ulevitch RJ, Davis RJ. Independent human MAP-kinase signal transduction pathways defined by MEK and MKK isoforms. Science 1995; 267:682-5. [PMID: 7839144 DOI: 10.1126/science.7839144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1277] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases include extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 subgroups. These MAP kinase isoforms are activated by dual phosphorylation on threonine and tyrosine. Two human MAP kinase kinases (MKK3 and MKK4) were cloned that phosphorylate and activate p38 MAP kinase. These MKK isoforms did not activate the ERK subgroup of MAP kinases, but MKK4 did activate JNK. These data demonstrate that the activators of p38 (MKK3 and MKK4), JNK (MKK4), and ERK (MEK1 and MEK2) define independent MAP kinase signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dérijard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01605
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33
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Abstract
The osmotic balance between the cytoplasmic and extracellular compartments of cells is critical for the control of cell volume. A mammalian protein kinase, Jnk, which is a distant relative of the mitogen-activated protein kinase group, was activated by phosphorylation on threonine and tyrosine in osmotically shocked cells. The activation of Jnk may be relevant to the biological response to osmotic shock because the expression of human Jnk in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae rescued a defect in growth on hyper-osmolar media. These data indicate that related protein kinases may mediate osmosensing signal transduction in yeast and mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Galcheva-Gargova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01605
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34
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Dérijard B, Hibi M, Wu IH, Barrett T, Su B, Deng T, Karin M, Davis RJ. JNK1: a protein kinase stimulated by UV light and Ha-Ras that binds and phosphorylates the c-Jun activation domain. Cell 1994; 76:1025-37. [PMID: 8137421 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2579] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The ultraviolet (UV) response of mammalian cells is characterized by a rapid and selective increase in gene expression mediated by AP-1 and NF-kappa B. The effect on AP-1 transcriptional activity results, in part, from enhanced phosphorylation of the c-Jun NH2-terminal activation domain. Here, we describe the molecular cloning and characterization of JNK1, a distant relative of the MAP kinase group that is activated by dual phosphorylation at Thr and Tyr during the UV response. Significantly, Ha-Ras partially activates JNK1 and potentiates the activation caused by UV. JNK1 binds to the c-Jun transactivation domain and phosphorylates it on Ser-63 and Ser-73. Thus, JNK1 is a component of a novel signal transduction pathway that is activated by oncoproteins and UV irradiation. These properties indicate that JNK1 activation may play an important role in tumor promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dérijard
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01605
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35
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Liu YT, Sui MJ, Ji DD, Wu IH, Chou CC, Chen CC. Protection from ultraviolet irradiation by melanin of mosquitocidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. J Invertebr Pathol 1993; 62:131-6. [PMID: 8228318 DOI: 10.1006/jipa.1993.1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A process for production, isolation, and purification of melanin produced by the fermentation of Streptomyces lividans 66 harboring a recombinant plasmid pIJ702-bearing tyrosinase gene has been developed. The efficacy of melanin in the protection of mosquito larvacidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against uv light has been studied. Results obtained by the live cell counts and the bioassay of residual mosquitocidal activity of B. thuringiensis var. israelensis after exposure to uv radiation showed that melanin is an excellent photoprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Republic of China
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Suo J, Wu MC, Wu IH. Evaluation of single breath nitrogen and rebreathing helium methods in measuring total lung capacity. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1986; 85:932-40. [PMID: 3469305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Wu IH, Chang HY, Chou HC, Hsieh ST, Luh KT. Viridans streptococcal pleuropulmonary infections--a report of 6 cases. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1986; 85:199-208. [PMID: 3461131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Wu IH, Kenneweg W, Langer A. Successful management of a quadruplet pregnancy. A case report. J Reprod Med 1983; 28:163-6. [PMID: 6834357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A quadruplet pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasound antenatally and managed successfully in a community teaching hospital. The patient was hospitalized at 27 weeks' gestation. She was treated with a high-protein, high-calorie diet. Sonographic follow-up and monitoring of fetal growth were done, glucocorticoids were given to attempt to stimulate fetal pulmonary maturity, and Ritodrine was given orally as a prophylactic. On three occasions intravenous Ritodrine was used to inhibit premature labor. A well-organized delivery plan with interdepartmental cooperation achieved the successful delivery of four babies at approximately 33 weeks.
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Abstract
One of the mechanisms proposed for remedying underuse of community mental health centers by ethnic minorities is the increased employment of these minorities on community mental health center staff. The relative use and staffing rates by minorities were examined separately for four minorities: blacks, Spanish Americans, Asian Americans, and American Indians. There were statistically reliable moderate relationships between relative use and staffing rates for particular minorities, but somewhat lower relationships between relative use by one minority and staffing by other minorities. No general pattern was found for all minorities either for a different relationship between utilization and staffing for males and females or for a sex specificity; rather, different patterns appear for different minorities. Service-area demography appears to have no consistent effect on these relationships.
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Wu IH, Li SC. [Study of the emulgent properties of the resins fung uzi ts'ê and cheng ts'ê]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 1965; 12:625-30. [PMID: 5899047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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