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Xie Y, Sun P, Huang H, Wu J, Ba Y, Zhou G, Yu F, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Qie R, Hu Z, Zou K, Zhang Y. Network analysis of smoking-related sleep characteristics in Chinese adults. Ann Med 2024; 56:2332424. [PMID: 38527416 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2332424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The associations between multiple sleep characteristics and smoking behavior are inconsistent, and it is unclear which sleep characteristics are most crucial for tobacco prevention. This study aimed to explore the associations between smoking status/intensity and multiple sleep characteristics and to identify the potential core domain of smoking-related sleep using network analysis. Data were obtained from a survey of cancer-related risk factors among Chinese adults. Logistic regression models were used to quantify the associations between sleep characteristics and smoking status/intensity. Network analyses were employed to identify the core sleep characteristics. A total of 5,228 participants with a median age of 44 years old were included in the study. Current smoking was significantly positively associated with long nap time, difficulty falling asleep, late bedtime, getting up after 7 am, and waking up earlier than expected. There was significant positive association between current smoking and short sleep duration in young adults under 45 years old. Late bedtime and getting up after 7 am were only associated with current heavy smoking, but not current light smoking. Network analyses showed that multiple smoking-related sleep characteristics were interconnected, with difficulty falling asleep and late bedtime as central characteristics in the network. The study found that the associations between sleep characteristics and smoking varied by age and smoking intensity and highlights the potential benefits of sleep health promotion in smoking cessation, with a particular focus on difficulty falling asleep and late bedtime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Xie
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyuan Sun
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health & Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health & Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fangfang Yu
- Department of Environmental Health & Environment and Health Innovation Team, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Daming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yaqun Zhang
- Department of Ecology and Environment of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ranran Qie
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuolun Hu
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyong Zou
- Office for Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Fukai R, Nishida T, Sugimoto H, Hibino M, Horiuchi S, Kondo T, Teshima S, Hirata M, Asou K, Shimizu E, Saito Y, Sakao Y. Perioperative Evaluation of the Physical Quality of Life of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Prospective Study. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1527. [PMID: 38672609 PMCID: PMC11048487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Surgery is the most effective treatment for early-stage lung cancer; however, it poses a higher physical burden than other treatment options. Therefore, understanding the perioperative course of patients is important. Using the Short Form Health Survey 36, we prospectively measured the physical quality of life of patients who underwent anatomical pulmonary resection for non-small cell lung cancer at Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan (n = 87). In the preoperative setting, patients who had lower performance status and lived alone had significantly worse physical quality of life scores on multivariate analysis (regression coefficient (95% confidence interval), -9.37 (-13.43--5.32) and -10.22 (-13.74--7.40), respectively, p < 0.0001 for both). At 6 months postoperatively, patients who stopped smoking within 1 year preoperatively (stopped smoking within 1 year vs. remote or never smokers, 41.0 ± 10.5 vs. 48.6 ± 7.2, p = 0.002), had lower performance status (0 vs. 1-2, 49.3 ± 6.6 vs. 38.6 ± 9.6, p < 0.0001), lived alone (living alone vs. living with somebody, 41.6 ± 9.7 vs. 48.1 ± 7.9, p = 0.021), and had higher comorbid burden (Charlson comorbidity index <3 vs. ≥3, 48.2 ± 6.9 vs. 39.1 ± 14.7, p = 0.003) had significantly worse physical quality of life scores on univariate analysis. More recent smoking (regression coefficient (95% confidence interval), -4.90 (-8.78-1.0), p = 0.014), lower performance status (8.90 (5.10-12.70), p < 0.0001), living alone (5.76 (1.39-10.13), p = 0.01), and higher comorbid burden (-6.94 (-11.78--2.10), p = 0.006) were significant independent predictors of worse postoperative physical quality of life on multivariate analysis. Therefore, patients with these conditions might need additional support to maintain their physical condition after anatomical lung cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Fukai
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, 1370-1, Okamoto, Kamakura 247-8533, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Tomoki Nishida
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, 1370-1, Okamoto, Kamakura 247-8533, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Hideyasu Sugimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Nanbu Hospital, 3-2-10, Konandai, Konan-ku, Yokohama 234-0054, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Makoto Hibino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shonan Fujisawa Tokushukai Hospital, 1-5-1, Tsujidokandai, Fujisawa 251-0041, Kanagawa, Japan; (M.H.); (S.H.); (T.K.)
| | - Shigeto Horiuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shonan Fujisawa Tokushukai Hospital, 1-5-1, Tsujidokandai, Fujisawa 251-0041, Kanagawa, Japan; (M.H.); (S.H.); (T.K.)
| | - Tetsuri Kondo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shonan Fujisawa Tokushukai Hospital, 1-5-1, Tsujidokandai, Fujisawa 251-0041, Kanagawa, Japan; (M.H.); (S.H.); (T.K.)
| | - Shinichi Teshima
- Department of Pathology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, 1370-1, Okamoto, Kamakura 247-8533, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Masahiro Hirata
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, 1370-1, Okamoto, Kamakura 247-8533, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Keiko Asou
- Center for Clinical Research, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, 1370-1, Okamoto, Kamakura 247-8533, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Etsuko Shimizu
- Clinical Research Center, Shonan Fujisawa Tokushukai Hospital, 1-5-1, Tsujidokandai, Fujisawa 251-0041, Kanagawa, Japan;
| | - Yuichi Saito
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yukinori Sakao
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.S.)
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Cook SH, Wood EP, Stein JH, McClelland RL. Discrimination, Smoking, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Moderated Mediation Analysis With MESA. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032659. [PMID: 38390806 PMCID: PMC10944061 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and carotid plaque are reliable indicators of cardiovascular disease risk, and research highlights that racial and ethnic minority individuals generally exhibit higher cIMT and carotid plaque than White individuals. At present, the mechanisms driving these disparities among different racial and ethnic and biological sex groups are poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS Data came from the baseline examination of MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). A total of 6814 participants aged 45 to 84 years free of clinical cardiovascular disease completed assessments on health behavior and perceived discrimination. Four sex-stratified moderated mediation models examined associations between discrimination, cigarette smoking, and mean cIMT and plaque. We hypothesized that cigarette use would mediate the association between discrimination and carotid artery disease features, and that these would differ by race and ethnicity. Indirect effects of discrimination on plaque were observed among Hispanic women such that discrimination was associated with cigarette use and, in turn, higher plaque (β=0.04 [95% CI, 0.01-0.08]). Indirect effects of discrimination on mean cIMT were found among Hispanic (β=0.003 [95% CI, 0.0001-0.007]) and White men (β=0.04 [95% CI, 0.01-0.08]) such that discrimination was associated with cigarette use and, in turn, higher cIMT. Finally, a positive indirect effect of discrimination on plaque was observed among Hispanic men (β=0.03 [95% CI, 0.004-0.07]). No other racial and ethnic differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS To understand and address social determinants of cardiovascular disease, researchers must incorporate an intersectional framework that will allow us to understand the complex nature of discrimination and cardiovascular disease risk for individuals of varying intersecting identities and social positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie H. Cook
- Department of Social and Behavioral SciencesNew York University School of Global Public HealthNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of BiostatisticsNew York University School of Global Public HealthNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Erica P. Wood
- Department of Social and Behavioral SciencesNew York University School of Global Public HealthNew YorkNYUSA
| | - James H. Stein
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWIUSA
| | - Robyn L. McClelland
- Department of BiostatisticsUniversity of Washington School of Public HealthSeattleWAUSA
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Otsuka Y, Kaneita Y, Itani O, Nakajima S. Prevalence, knowledge, and concerns regarding the use of heated tobacco products and electronic cigarettes among young Japanese physicians. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-42. [PMID: 38370494 PMCID: PMC10870344 DOI: 10.18332/tid/178508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heated tobacco products (HTPs) and e-cigarettes (ECs) have gained traction as alternatives for harm reduction, especially in Japan. In particular, the use of HTPs is rapidly gaining popularity among young adults in Japan, with a prevalence of 10.9% in 2020. Despite uncertainties regarding the health effects of HTPs and ECs, concerns regarding nicotine and carcinogens persist. Although physicians play a vital role in smoking cessation, they lack awareness and concerns regarding HTPs. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, knowledge, and concerns regarding HTPs and ECs among young Japanese physicians. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in 2021 with 529 young Japanese physicians aged 24-39 years. Parameters assessed included awareness, smoking status, knowledge of HTPs and ECs, and concerns related to HTPs. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess prevalence, knowledge, and concerns by smoking status using the chi-squared test and logistic regression. RESULTS Most participants were aware of HTPs (89.0%) and ECs (71.3%). Young male physicians preferred HTPs, while females favored ECs. Primary sources of information included newspapers and stories (56.8%), and TV (37.4%). Non-smokers (89.0%) demonstrated limited knowledge of these products. Concerns were highest and lowest among non-smokers and HTP users, respectively, with safety concerns being the most prevalent. CONCLUSIONS Young physicians exhibited lower smoking rates than the general population, but HTP use was prominent among young male physicians. Concerns varied based on smoking status, indicating the need to address these issues among healthcare professionals. Despite high awareness, knowledge gaps, particularly among non-smokers, highlight the importance of public health and educational campaigns to disseminate knowledge among physicians, regardless of medical specialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Otsuka
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kaneita
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Itani
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suguru Nakajima
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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van Westen-Lagerweij NA, Plasmans MHD, Kramer I, Harteloh PPM, Poos MJJC, Hilderink HBM, Croes EA. Risk of death due to COVID-19 among current and former smokers in the Netherlands: a population-based quasi-cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyae003. [PMID: 38302746 PMCID: PMC10834359 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on smoking as a risk factor for death due to COVID-19 remains inconclusive, with different studies demonstrating either an increased or decreased risk of COVID-19 death among smokers. To investigate this controversy, this study uses data from the Netherlands to assess the relationship between smoking and death due to COVID-19. METHODS In this population-based quasi-cohort study, we linked pseudonymized individual data on smoking status from the 2016 and 2020 'Health Monitor Adults and Elderly' in the Netherlands (n = 914 494) to data from the cause-of-death registry (n = 2962). Death due to COVID-19 in 2020 or 2021 was taken as the main outcome. Poisson regression modelling was used to calculate relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs of death due to COVID-19 for current and former smokers compared with never smokers while adjusting for relevant confounders (age, sex, educational level, body mass index and perceived health). RESULTS Former smokers had a higher risk of death due to COVID-19 compared with never smokers across unadjusted (RR, 2.22; 95% CI, 2.04-2.42), age-sex-adjusted (RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.22-1.55) and fully adjusted (RR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.16-1.45) models. Current smokers had a slightly higher risk of death due to COVID-19 compared with never smokers after adjusting for age and sex (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.00-1.48) and after full adjustment (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.90-1.29), although the results were statistically non-significant. CONCLUSIONS People with a history of smoking appear to have a higher risk of death due to COVID-19. Further research is needed to investigate which underlying mechanisms may explain this.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjanne H D Plasmans
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven,The Netherlands
| | - Iris Kramer
- The Netherlands Expertise Centre for Tobacco Control, Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter P M Harteloh
- Department of Health and Care, Statistics Netherlands, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus J J C Poos
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven,The Netherlands
| | - Henk B M Hilderink
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven,The Netherlands
| | - Esther A Croes
- The Netherlands Expertise Centre for Tobacco Control, Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Otsubo T, Kinjo A, Kuwabara Y, Hongja K, Osaki Y. Lifestyle factors associated with presenteeism among city government office workers: a cross-sectional study. J Occup Health 2024; 66:uiad012. [PMID: 38258943 DOI: 10.1093/joccuh/uiad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Presenteeism is a critical issue in occupational health. This study aimed to examine the association between presenteeism and subjective sleep quality, smoking status, and alcohol consumption. METHODS Anonymous data of 777 workers in a Japanese city were retrospectively obtained from City Government Office A. They included variables like absolute presenteeism scores (measured using the Japanese version of the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire short form), gender, age, family status, subjective sleep quality, smoking status, and alcohol consumption. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed with gender, age, family status, subjective sleep quality, smoking status, and alcohol consumption as the independent variables, and absolute presenteeism scores equal to or below 40 as the dependent variable. A gender-stratified binary logistic regression analysis was also performed. RESULTS The logistic regression analysis results revealed that absolute presenteeism was positively associated with poor subjective sleep quality among all respondents (odds ratio [OR], 1.70; 95% CI, 1.18-2.44) and men (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.12-3.05) and with current drinkers among women (OR, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.36-8.92); it was negatively associated with age among those who were ≥50 years old (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27-0.93) and with current drinkers among men (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.20-0.92). CONCLUSIONS The factors associated with presenteeism differed between men and women office workers, suggesting that gender differences need to be considered when working toward improving workers' productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Otsubo
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Kuwabara
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ki Hongja
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yoneatsu Osaki
- Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
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Kim M, Kim J, Lee I. Interactive associations of smoking and physical activity with metabolic syndrome in adult men in Korea. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1281530. [PMID: 38035285 PMCID: PMC10687556 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1281530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the association of smoking and physical activity (PA) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adult men in Korea. Methods This study analyzed data of 7,229 adult men aged 19-64 years obtained from the 2014-2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Information on smoking habits was obtained using KNHANES data, while that on total PA (TPA), leisure-time PA (LTPA), and occupational PA (OPA) was collected using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Smoking status was classified into non-smokers and smokers, and PA was categorized into three groups (total, leisure time, and occupational) according to the time spent engaging in moderate or high-intensity PA areas. The diagnosis of MetS was based on the Adult Treatment Program III of the National Cholesterol Education Program and Koreans' waist circumference criteria. Results Logistic regression revealed that the risk of MetS was significantly lower in non-smokers than in smokers, even after adjusting for all covariates. The risk of MetS was significantly lower in individuals who engaged in at least 150 min of moderate- and high-intensity TPA or LTPA per week than in those who did not engage in PA. Furthermore, smokers who engaged in at least 150 min of moderate- to high-intensity TPA and LTPA per week had a significantly lower risk of MetS than those who did not engage in PA. Meanwhile, OPA was not associated with MetS. Conclusion The findings suggest that engaging in moderate- to high-intensity TPA or LTPA for at least 150 min per week attenuates the risk of MetS caused by smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Yongin University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonwoong Kim
- Department of Convergence, Seowon University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhwan Lee
- Department of Anti-aging Healthcare, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Human Senior Ecology Cooperative Course, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
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Williamson TJ, Rawl SM, Kale MS, Carter-Harris L. Lung Cancer Screening and Stigma: Do Smoking-related Differences in Perceived Lung Cancer Stigma Emerge Prior to Diagnosis? Stigma Health 2023; 8:497-500. [PMID: 38239631 PMCID: PMC10794004 DOI: 10.1037/sah0000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Most lung cancer patients report experiencing stigma (i.e., devaluation based on one's lung cancer diagnosis), which is associated with adverse health outcomes. Lung cancer is stigmatized due to its robust association with smoking and the perception of the disease as self-inflicted. Purpose Identifying sociodemographic and smoking-related correlates of perceived stigma among lung cancer screening-eligible adults (early in the cancer care trajectory) is needed to guide proactive psychosocial interventions to reduce stigma and improve health for patients newly diagnosed with lung cancer. Methods A national sample of lung cancer screening-eligible adults (N = 515; 64.9% female) completed questionnaires on sociodemographic information, smoking-related characteristics, and perceived smoking-related lung cancer stigma. Zero-order and multivariate relationships between sociodemographic variables, smoking-related characteristics, and stigma were evaluated using Pearson's correlations, t-tests, ANOVAs, and multivariable regression. Results The multivariable regression demonstrated that younger age (b = -0.05, p = .047) was associated significantly with higher stigma. Additionally, women (b = 0.63, p = .015), participants who reported Hispanic/Latino ethnicity (b = 1.07, p = .049), and those with a college degree or higher (all p ≤ .029) reported significantly higher stigma, compared to men, those who did not report Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, and other education categories, respectively. None of the smoking-related characteristics were associated significantly with perceived stigma (all p > .12). Conclusions Sociodemographic variables (rather than smoking-related characteristics) significantly and uniquely differentiated lung cancer screening-eligible adults' perception of lung cancer stigma. Smoking-related differences in lung cancer stigma may emerge following rather than prior to diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Williamson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan M. Rawl
- School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Minal S. Kale
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Carter-Harris
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Zhu N, Lin S, Yu H, Huang W, Cao C. Association of Dietary Flavonoid Intake with Serum Cotinine Levels in the General Adult Population. Nutrients 2023; 15:4126. [PMID: 37836410 PMCID: PMC10574452 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotinine, the primary metabolite of nicotine, can be utilized as a marker for active smoking and as an indicator of exposure to secondhand smoke. However, the direct relationship between dietary flavonoid intake and serum cotinine levels remains a subject of ongoing investigation. In this study, we utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010 and 2017-2018 to assess the association between dietary flavonoid intake and serum cotinine levels in adults through multiple linear regression analysis. A weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression model was used to assess the association of the mixture of six dietary flavonoids with serum cotinine levels in adults, which could represent the overall effect of the mixture of six dietary flavonoids. We also conducted stratified analyses by smoke status to explore multiple linear regression associations between different flavonoid intake and serum cotinine levels. A total of 14,962 adults were included in the study. Compared to the group with the lowest dietary flavonoid intake, total flavonoid intake in the second (β = -0.29 [-0.44, -0.14]), third (β = -0.41 [-0.58, -0.24]), and highest groups (β = -0.32 [-0.49, -0.16]) was inversely related to the levels of serum cotinine after adjusting the full model. An RCS model showed that when the total dietary flavonoid intake was less than 99.61 mg/day, there was a negative linear association between dietary flavonoid intake and the serum cotinine. The WQS regression model also showed that the intake of a mixture of six dietary flavonoids was significantly negatively correlated with serum cotinine levels (β = -0.54 [-0.61, -0.46], p <0.01), with anthocyanins having the greatest effect (weights = 32.30%). Our findings imply a significant correlation between dietary flavonoid intake and serum cotinine levels among adults. The consumption of a combination of six dietary flavonoids was consistently linked to lower serum cotinine levels, with anthocyanins displaying the most pronounced impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China; (N.Z.); (W.H.)
| | - Shanhong Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China;
| | - Hang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China; (N.Z.); (W.H.)
| | - Weina Huang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China; (N.Z.); (W.H.)
| | - Chao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Ningbo, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China; (N.Z.); (W.H.)
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10
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Okeke F, Nriagu VC, Nwaneki CM, Magacha HM, Omenuko NJ, Anazor S. Factors That Determine Multiple Primary Cancers in the Adult Population in the United States. Cureus 2023; 15:e44993. [PMID: 37829945 PMCID: PMC10565073 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide and a leading cause of death in the United States. Multiple primary cancers mean that an individual has more than one cancer in the same or a different organ but does not include instances of metastasis of initial primary cancer. Several factors such as genetics, for example, BRCA1 gene mutations, may predict multiple primary cancers. Factors such as the age at first cancer diagnosis may determine the outcome of multiple primary cancers. This study aims to determine factors that determine multiple primary cancers among the adult population in the United States. Methods: This study uses data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2021 dataset. The study included all individuals recently diagnosed with cancer (sample size = 9806). All age groups were included in this study. Measures included the outcome variable number of cancers and a major independent variable: age at first cancer diagnosis. Covariates included race, sex, smoking status, and cancer treatment. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted using a statistical analysis system. It was hypothesized that individuals with age at first diagnosis of cancer at a younger age have higher odds of having multiple primary cancers as compared to individuals diagnosed at an older age. Results: The age group of 50-64 years had the highest percentage of only one cancer type (35.87%) and of two or more cancers (35.46%). A majority of females had two or more cancers (53.52%) as compared to males (47.48%). The majority of participants with only one cancer type (80.59%) and two or more cancers (88.61%) were of White non-Hispanic ethnicity. At the multivariate level, the age group under 18 years had 9.4% higher odds of having two or more cancers compared to the age group of 18-29 years (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.094, 95%CI=1.026-1.166; p-value=0.0057). The age group 65 years and above had 11.6% lower odds of having multiple primary cancers as compared to the age group of 18-29 years (AOR=0.884; 95%CI=0.859-0910; p-value=<0.0001). The Black non-Hispanic group had 73.8% lower odds of having multiple primary cancers as compared to White non-Hispanic respondents (AOR= 0.262; 95%CI = 0.228-0.301; p-value = <0.0001). Hispanic respondents had 59.8% lower odds of having two or more cancers as compared to the White non-Hispanic group (AOR= 0.402; 95%CI=0.390-0.413; p-value=<0.0001). Current smokers had 9.7% higher odds of having multiple cancers as compared to individuals who never smoked (AOR = 1.097; 95%CI=1.066-1.129; p-value=<0.0001). Former smokers had 24.2% higher odds of having multiple cancers as compared to individuals who never smoked (AOR=1.242; 95%CI=1.224-1.261; p-value=<0.0001). Individuals who were currently on treatment had 2.676 higher odds of having two or more cancers as compared to individuals not on treatment (AOR=2.676; 95%CI=2.629-2.724; p-value=<0.0001). Conclusion: Multiple primary cancers have been on the increase recently following advancements in anticancer therapy and cancer screening and diagnosis technology. It is important that studies that aim to demonstrate risk factors and predictors of multiple primary cancers such as the age at first diagnosis, smoking status, and cancer treatment are encouraged among public health specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Okeke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA
| | - Valentine C Nriagu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Chisom M Nwaneki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA
| | - Hezborn M Magacha
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA
| | - Nnamdi J Omenuko
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA
| | - Sandra Anazor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA
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Sakoda LC, Alabaster A, Sumner ET, Gordon NP, Quesenberry CP, Velotta JB. Trends in Smoking-Specific Lung Cancer Incidence Rates Within a US Integrated Health System, 2007-2018. Chest 2023; 164:785-795. [PMID: 36934804 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At least 10% of lung cancers arise in adults who have never used tobacco. Data remain inconclusive on whether lung cancer incidence has been increasing among adults who have never used tobacco. RESEARCH QUESTION How have age-adjusted incidence rates of lung cancer changed temporally, especially among adults who have never used tobacco? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Trends in lung cancer incidence were examined using linked electronic health record and cancer registry data on a dynamic cohort of adults ≥ 30 years of age at risk of incident lung cancer between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2018, from an integrated health-care system in northern California. Truncated age-adjusted lung cancer incidence rates and average annual percentage change (AAPC) in rates were estimated, overall and separately for adults who have ever and never used tobacco by age, sex, and race or ethnicity. RESULTS The cohort included 3,751,348 adults (52.5% female, 48.0% non-Hispanic White, 63.1% have never used tobacco), among whom 18,627 (52.7% female, 68.6% non-Hispanic White, 15.4% have never used tobacco) received a diagnosis of lung cancer. The overall lung cancer incidence rate declined from 91.1 to 63.7 per 100,000 person-years between 2007 and 2009 and between 2016 and 2018 (AAPC, -3.9%; 95% CI, -4.2% to -3.6%). Among adults who have ever used tobacco, incidence rates declined overall from 167.0 to 113.4 per 100,000 person-years (AAPC, -4.2%; 95% CI, -4.4% to -3.9%) and, to varying degrees, within all age, sex, and racial or ethnic groups. Among adults who have never used tobacco, incidence rates were relatively constant, with 3-year-period estimates ranging from 19.9 to 22.6 per 100,000 person-years (AAPC, 0.9%; 95% CI, -0.3% to 2.1%). Incidence rates for adults who have never used tobacco seemed stable over time, within age, sex, and racial or ethnic groups, except for those of Asian and Pacific Islander (API) origin (AAPC, 2.0%; 95% CI, 0.1%-3.9%), whose rates were about twice as high compared with their counterparts. INTERPRETATION These observed trends underscore the need to elucidate further the cause of lung cancer in adults who have never used tobacco, including why incidence is higher and rising in API adults who have never used tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori C Sakoda
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA.
| | - Amy Alabaster
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Eric T Sumner
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Nancy P Gordon
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | | | - Jeffrey B Velotta
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
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Ariaratnam S, Kee CC, Krishnapillai AD, Sanaudi R, Tohit NM, Ho KB, Ghazali SS, Omar MA. Smoking status and its relationship with depression among the elderly population in Malaysia: Findings from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2018. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:109. [PMID: 37654502 PMCID: PMC10467346 DOI: 10.18332/tid/169682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Literature exploring smoking status and its association with depression among the elderly population using nationwide data in Malaysia is limited. Hence, a nationwide survey to determine the prevalence of smoking and depression among the elderly (aged ≥60 years) population was undertaken. METHODS This secondary dataset analysis used data from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2018. Data from 3914 participants were collected on elderly health in the Malaysian population. Sociodemographic characteristics were recorded. Smoking status was grouped as current smokers, former smokers, and non-smokers. A validated Malay language version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (M-GDS-14) was used to screen for depression among the elderly. RESULTS There was a significant association between smoking status with location, gender, employment status, marital status, ethnicity, education level, income, and depression. Current smokers are significantly higher in rural than urban areas. Among depressed participants, 65.7%, 17.1% and 17.2% were non-smokers, former smokers and current smokers, respectively. Multiple logistic regression showed that single (unmarried/separated/ divorced/widowed) participants were more likely to be depressed compared to married participants (AOR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.16-2.43). Whilst unemployed participants were more likely to be depressed than those who were employed (AOR=1.72; 95% CI: 1.22-2.44). Other Bumiputras were more likely to have depression compared to Malay, Chinese and Indian participants. Participants without formal education were more likely to be depressed compared to those having tertiary education. These participants have a 2-fold increased risk of depression (AOR=2.13; 95% CI: 1.02-4.45). Participants whose monthly salaries were <2000 MYR (AOR=3.67; 95% CI: 1.84-7.31) and 1000-1999 MYR (AOR=2.71; 95% CI: 1.23-5.94) were more likely to have depression compared with those who had received ≥3000 MYR. Ever smokers were more likely to be depressed than non-smokers (AOR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.23-2.29). CONCLUSIONS Elderly Malaysians are indeed at risk of developing depression particularly if they had ever smoked. Public health awareness and campaigning are pertinent to disseminate these outcomes in order to spread the awareness associated with smoking-related depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthahar Ariaratnam
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Cheong C. Kee
- Sector for Biostatistics and Data Repository, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Ambigga D. Krishnapillai
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ridwan Sanaudi
- Sector for Biostatistics and Data Repository, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Noorlaili Mohd Tohit
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kiau B. Ho
- Bandar Botanic Health Clinic, Klang, Malaysia
| | - Sazlina Shariff Ghazali
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azahadi Omar
- Sector for Biostatistics and Data Repository, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
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Huang Y, Wang H, Xu C, Zhou F, Su H, Zhang Y. Associations between smoke exposure and kidney stones: results from the NHANES (2007-2018) and Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1218051. [PMID: 37636579 PMCID: PMC10450509 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1218051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose It is currently controversial whether smoke exposure is associated with the risk of kidney stones. Herein, publicly available databases were combined to explore relationships with the risk of nephrolithiasis in terms of smoking status and serum cotinine concentrations. Materials and methods First, we conducted an observational study using data from 2007 to 2018, based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Univariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression, trend testing, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and multiple imputation (MI) were the main analytical methods of our study. Then, A Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to explore the causal relationship between serum cotinine and nephrolithiasis. Genetic instruments for serum cotinine and pooled data for kidney stones were derived from publicly available large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Inverse-variance weighting (IVW) was the primary method for our MR analysis. Results A total of 34,657 and 31,352 participants were included in the observational study based on smoking status and serum cotinine concentrations, respectively. Under full adjustment of covariates, current smokers had an increased risk of kidney stones compared to non-smokers [OR = 1.17 (1.04-1.31), P = 0.009, P for trend = 0.010]. Compared with serum cotinine of <0.05 ng/ml, serum cotinine levels of 0.05-2.99 ng/ml [OR = 1.15 (1.03-1.29), P = 0.013] and ≥3.00 ng/ml [OR = 1.22 (1.10-1.37), P < 0.001] were observed to have a higher risk of nephrolithiasis (P for trend < 0.001). In addition, a non-linear relationship between log2-transformed serum cotinine and the risk of nephrolithiasis was found (P for non-linearity = 0.028). Similar results were found when serum cotinine (log2 transformation) was used as a continuous variable [OR = 1.02 (1.01-1.03), P < 0.001] or complete data was used to analyze after MI. In the MR analysis, genetically predicted high serum cotinine was causally related to the high risk of nephrolithiasis [IVW: OR = 1.09 (1.00-1.19), P = 0.044]. Conclusion Current smoking and high serum cotinine concentrations may be associated with an increased risk of kidney stones. Further research is needed to validate this relationship and explore its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hexi Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengwei Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fulin Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huiyi Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Cha J, Choi S. Gene-Smoking Interaction Analysis for the Identification of Novel Asthma-Associated Genetic Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12266. [PMID: 37569643 PMCID: PMC10419280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex heterogeneous disease caused by gene-environment interactions. Although numerous genome-wide association studies have been conducted, these interactions have not been systemically investigated. We sought to identify genetic factors associated with the asthma phenotype in 66,857 subjects from the Health Examination Study, Cardiovascular Disease Association Study, and Korea Association Resource Study cohorts. We investigated asthma-associated gene-environment (smoking status) interactions at the level of single nucleotide polymorphisms, genes, and gene sets. We identified two potentially novel (SETDB1 and ZNF8) and five previously reported (DM4C, DOCK8, MMP20, MYL7, and ADCY9) genes associated with increased asthma risk. Numerous gene ontology processes, including regulation of T cell differentiation in the thymus (GO:0033081), were significantly enriched for asthma risk. Functional annotation analysis confirmed the causal relationship between five genes (two potentially novel and three previously reported genes) and asthma through genome-wide functional prediction scores (combined annotation-dependent depletion, deleterious annotation of genetic variants using neural networks, and RegulomeDB). Our findings elucidate the genetic architecture of asthma and improve the understanding of its biological mechanisms. However, further studies are necessary for developing preventive treatments based on environmental factors and understanding the immune system mechanisms that contribute to the etiology of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Cha
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, College of Computing, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyang-daehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sungkyoung Choi
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, College of Computing, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyang-daehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Mathematical Data Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyang-daehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
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Zou X, Zou S, Guo Y, Peng D, Min H, Zhang R, Qin R, Mai J, Wu Y, Sun X. Association of smoking status and nicotine dependence with multi-morbidity in China: A nationally representative crosssectional study. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:81. [PMID: 37333503 PMCID: PMC10273826 DOI: 10.18332/tid/166110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multi-morbidity is a public health priority as it is associated with an increased risk of mortality and a substantial healthcare burden. Smoking is considered a predisposing factor for multi-morbidity, but evidence for an association between multi-morbidity and nicotine dependence is insufficient. This study aimed to explore the association between smoking status, nicotine dependence, and multi-morbidity in China. METHODS We recruited 11031 Chinese citizens from 31 provinces in 2021 using a multistage stratified cluster sampling strategy to ensure the study population represented national population characteristics. The association between smoking status and multi-morbidity was analyzed using binary logistic regression and multinomial logit regression models. We then analyzed the associations between four kinds of smoking status (age at smoking initiation, cigarette consumption per day, smoking when ill in bed, and inability to control smoking in public places), nicotine dependence, and multi-morbidity among participants who were current smokers. RESULTS Compared with non-smokers, the odds of multi-morbidity were higher among ex-smokers (adjusted odd ratio, AOR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.07-1.85). The risk of multi-morbidity was greater in participants who were underweight/overweight/obese (AOR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.60-2.26) compared with those who were normal weight. and also greater for drinkers (AOR=1.34; 95% CI: 1.09-1.63) than non-drinkers. Compared with children who began smoking at the age of <15 years, participants aged >18 years had a lower likelihood of multi-morbidity (AOR=0.52; 95% CI: 0.32-0.83). People who consumed ≥31 cigarettes per day (AOR=3.77; 95% CI: 1.47-9.68) and those who smoked when ill in bed (AOR=1.70; 95% CI: 1.10-2.64) were more likely to have multi-morbidity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that smoking behavior, including initiation age, frequency of daily smoking, and still smoking during illness or in public, is a critical risk factor for multi-morbidity, especially when combined with alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and abnormal weight (underweight, overweight, or obese). This highlights the crucial effect of smoking cessation in the prevention and control of multi-morbidity, especially in patients with three or more diseases. Implementing smoking and lifestyle interventions to promote health would both benefit adults and prevent the next generation from initiating habits that increase the risk of multi-morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Zou
- Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Zou
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Guo
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Peng
- School of Education, Qingdao Hengxing University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Hewei Min
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruolin Zhang
- Department of Natural and Applied Science, Duke Kunshan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruiwen Qin
- College of Foreign Languages, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianrong Mai
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Sun
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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He S, Wan L. Associations between smoking status and infertility: a cross-sectional analysis among USA women aged 18-45 years. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1140739. [PMID: 37181041 PMCID: PMC10168125 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1140739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although many studies have proven the harmful effects of smoking on human health, the associations between smoking status and infertility are limited in large epidemiologic studies. We aimed to investigate the associations between smoking status and infertility among child-bearing women in the United States of America (USA). Methods A total of 3,665 female participants (aged 18-45) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2013-2018) were included in this analysis. All data were survey-weighted, and corresponding logistic regression models were performed to investigate the associations between smoking status and infertility. Results In a fully adjusted model, the risk of infertility was found to be increased by 41.8% among current smokers compared to never smokers (95% CI: 1.044-1.926, P=0.025). In the subgroup analysis, the odds ratios (95% CI) of the risk of infertility for current smokers were 2.352 (1.018-5.435) in the unadjusted model for Mexican American, 3.675 (1.531-8.820) in the unadjusted model but 2.162 (0.946-4.942) in fully adjusted model for people aged 25-31, 2.201 (1.097-4.418) in the unadjusted model but 0.837 (0.435-1.612) in fully adjusted model for people aged 32-38. Conclusion Current smokers was associated with a higher risk of infertility. The underlying mechanism of these correlations still needs more research. Our findings indicated that quitting smoking may serve as a simple index to reduce the risk of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie He
- Department of Pharmacy, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Mo C, Wang J, Ye Z, Ke H, Liu S, Hatch K, Gao S, Magidson J, Chen C, Mitchell BD, Kochunov P, Hong LE, Ma T, Chen S. Evaluating the causal effect of tobacco smoking on white matter brain aging: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis in UK Biobank. Addiction 2023; 118:739-749. [PMID: 36401354 PMCID: PMC10443605 DOI: 10.1111/add.16088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for impaired brain function, but its causal effect on white matter brain aging remains unclear. This study aimed to measure the causal effect of tobacco smoking on white matter brain aging. DESIGN Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using two non-overlapping data sets (with and without neuroimaging data) from UK Biobank (UKB). The group exposed to smoking and control group consisted of current smokers and never smokers, respectively. Our main method was generalized weighted linear regression with other methods also included as sensitivity analysis. SETTING United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS The study cohort included 23 624 subjects [10 665 males and 12 959 females with a mean age of 54.18 years, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 54.08, 54.28]. MEASUREMENTS Genetic variants were selected as instrumental variables under the MR analysis assumptions: (1) associated with the exposure; (2) influenced outcome only via exposure; and (3) not associated with confounders. The exposure smoking status (current versus never smokers) was measured by questionnaires at the initial visit (2006-10). The other exposure, cigarettes per day (CPD), measured the average number of cigarettes smoked per day for current tobacco users over the life-time. The outcome was the 'brain age gap' (BAG), the difference between predicted brain age and chronological age, computed by training machine learning model on a non-overlapping set of never smokers. FINDINGS The estimated BAG had a mean of 0.10 (95% CI = 0.06, 0.14) years. The MR analysis showed evidence of positive causal effect of smoking behaviors on BAG: the effect of smoking is 0.21 (in years, 95% CI = 6.5 × 10-3 , 0.41; P-value = 0.04), and the effect of CPD is 0.16 year/cigarette (UKB: 95% CI = 0.06, 0.26; P-value = 1.3 × 10-3 ; GSCAN: 95% CI = 0.02, 0.31; P-value = 0.03). The sensitivity analyses showed consistent results. CONCLUSIONS There appears to be a significant causal effect of smoking on the brain age gap, which suggests that smoking prevention can be an effective intervention for accelerated brain aging and the age-related decline in cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Mo
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jingtao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenyao Ye
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hongjie Ke
- Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Song Liu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kathryn Hatch
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Si Gao
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Magidson
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Chixiang Chen
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tianzhou Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Wei Y, Xu B, He Q, Chen P, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Yuan H, Duan Y, Wang Z, Zhou Z, Liu L, Song Y, Mao G, Qin X, Tang G, Wang B, Zhang H, Guo H, Shi H. Serum total folate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and vitamin B12 concentrations on incident risk of lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:1095-1106. [PMID: 36184907 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a major known risk factor for lung cancer. While micronutrients, especially those involved in maintaining DNA integrity and regulating gene expression, may be protective, research on this association is limited. This report aimed to investigate associations of total folate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-mTHF) and vitamin B12 with incident risk of lung cancer, and whether the associations vary by smoking status. A nested case-control study with 490 incident lung cancer cases and 490 controls matched by age (±1 year), sex, residence, and center, drawn from a community-based prospective study in China, was conducted from 2016 to 2019. 5-mTHF accounted for the majority of total folate. Only 4.4% had detectable unmetabolized folic acid. Lung cancer cases had lower levels of 5-mTHF compared to controls. There was an inverse, nonlinear association between 5-mTHF and lung cancer, which persisted after adjustment for covariables (P for trend = .001). Compared to the lowest 5-mTHF quartile, those in higher quartiles had lower risks of lung cancer: second quartile OR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.45-0.93; third quartile OR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.34-0.74; fourth quartile OR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.38-0.83. This inverse association was more pronounced among ever smokers; consistently, the highest risk of lung cancer (OR = 3.21, 95% CI: 1.97-5.24) was observed among ever smokers with low 5-mTHF levels compared to participants who never smoked and had higher 5-mTHF levels. Vitamin B12 was not associated with lung cancer risk. In this sample of Chinese adults without confounding by unmetabolized folic acid, higher levels of 5-mTHF were associated with lower risk of incident lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wei
- College of Food Sciences and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Benjamin Xu
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qiangqiang He
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Duan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Food Sciences and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Zhou
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lishun Liu
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Song
- Shenzhen Evergreen Medical Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guangyun Mao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Qin
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Genfu Tang
- Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Binyan Wang
- Institute for Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Food Sciences and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyuan Guo
- College of Food Sciences and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
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19
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Yeun YR, Kwak YS, Kim HY. Association between serum creatinine levels and pulmonary function of Korean adults: the 2016-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Phys Act Nutr 2023; 27:60-65. [PMID: 37132212 PMCID: PMC10164507 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2023.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Research on the interaction between renal and lung functions has been conducted; however, studies on the general adult population are limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum creatinine levels and pulmonary function in Korean adults. METHODS From the 2016-2019 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we recruited 11,380 participants who were 40 years or older for this study. Serum creatinine levels were divided into three groups: low, normal, and high. Pulmonary function was divided into three groups: normal, restrictive, and obstructive. The odds ratios for abnormal pulmonary function patterns were calculated using weighted multinomial logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The odds ratios were 0.97 for low vs. normal (0.40-2.33) and 2.00 for high vs. normal (1.18-3.38) for the restrictive pattern, and 0.12 for low vs. normal (0.02-0.49) and 1.74 for high vs. normal (0.90-3.35) for the obstructive pattern after being adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, total energy, and total proteins. CONCLUSION High serum creatinine levels were associated with an increased odds ratio for restrictive and obstructive pulmonary function patterns. The odds ratio of the restrictive pattern was higher than that of the obstructive pattern. Screening for abnormal pulmonary function in individuals with high serum creatinine levels may be useful to ensure that there is no abnormal pulmonary function before the onset of potential pulmonary problems. Thus, this study highlights the relationship between renal and pulmonary function using serum creatine levels, which can be easily tested in the primary medical environment of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ran Yeun
- Department of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Sub Kwak
- DEU Exe-Physio Lab, Department of Physical Education, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Kim
- Department of Hygiene, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Republic of Korea
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20
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Devlin CA, Smeltzer SC, Yost J. Patient Smoking Status and Postoperative Outcomes: An Integrative Literature Review of Studies Using the ACS NSQIP Data Set. AORN J 2023; 117:109-120. [PMID: 36705450 DOI: 10.1002/aorn.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use is associated with poor surgical outcomes and is the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United States. Because of the risk for postoperative complications, researchers continue to examine the association between surgical patients' smoking status and adverse outcomes. This quantitative integrative review synthesizes evidence on the relationship between smoking status and postoperative outcomes according to information in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data set. The included studies involved 10 procedures and the evaluated outcomes comprise surgical complications (eg, surgical site infection), medical complications (eg, sepsis), and transitions in care (eg, discharge destination). The review results are mixed and are not generalizable because only two studies specified smoking status as a primary variable of interest. To develop policies for perioperative patient smoking cessation, perioperative nurses require additional research results on the relationships between smoking status and standardized variables.
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21
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Kim B, Rhie M, Park S, Kim HS, Kwon JA. Nonlinear Associations between Blood Cadmium Concentration and Thyroid Hormones According to Smoking Status in Korean Adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Toxics 2023; 11:129. [PMID: 36851004 PMCID: PMC9958680 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Research on the association between blood cadmium (BCd) exposure and thyroid hormone levels in the general population has been inconclusive. Therefore, we examined the associations between BCd and thyroid hormones according to smoking status in Korean adults (N = 1170, Men = 722, Women = 448) using multiple linear regression and restricted cubic splines analysis with data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013). The geometric mean of BCd was 0.74 μg/L in all study participants and was higher in smokers (1.01 μg/L) than in nonsmokers (0.65 μg/L). Restricted cubic splines analysis revealed nonlinear trends between BCd and free thyroxine in smokers (p for nonlinearity = 0.02). By contrast, there were no significant associations between BCd and thyroid hormones in either men or women. In conclusion, nonlinear associations may exist between BCd and free thyroxine in smokers. Our study provides empirical support for the future formulation of an acceptable concentration range of BCd and offers a new concept for preventing thyroid problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungmi Kim
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
- Center of Tobacco Control, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Minshik Rhie
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Park
- Public Health at Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Seon Kim
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeoung A Kwon
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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22
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Sudchoo K, Sangkhano S, Prasopthum A, Pouyfung P. Negative impact of smoking on lung function: comparing FEV1/FVC values in smokers and non-smokers. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 2023; 74:335-343. [PMID: 37577777 DOI: 10.32394/rpzh.2023.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoking has been reported as the significant adverse effects on lung function, which can be evaluated by measuring forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and the ratio of FEV1 to FVC (FEV1/FVC) values. Objective This study investigated the prevalence of tobacco use and nicotine dependence among college students and their stress levels to inform targeted interventions for smoking prevention and cessation. Material and methods A total of 429 participants were interviewed face-to-face, of which 71.6% were female and 28.4% were male. Pulmonary function tests were exclusively administered to the 9.8% of participants who reported using tobacco. Results Our findings revealed a low prevalence of nicotine dependence among college students, with only 6.8% exhibiting moderate or high levels of dependence. Students who reported tobacco use were found to have moderate stress levels,suggesting a potential association between smoking and stress. Chi-square tests revealed that gender, school affiliation,and nicotine dependence were significantly associated with smoking behavior. Long-term smoking (>5 years) was found to be associated with negative health outcomes, such as higher BMI, and increased smoking per day. The analysis of lung function parameters showed that smoking frequency and duration were negatively associated with lung function, while nicotine dependence increased with smoking frequency and duration. Conclusion Our study suggests that targeted prevention and cessation programs should address these factors to reduce smoking rates among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittithat Sudchoo
- School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Sukrit Sangkhano
- School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Aruna Prasopthum
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Biomass and Oil Palm Research Center of Excellence, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Phisit Pouyfung
- School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
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23
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Vicol C, Buculei I, Melinte OE, Dobrin ME, Stavarache EI, Gavrilescu CM, Postolache P, Matei D, Trofor A. The Lipid Profile and Biochemical Parameters of COPD Patients in Relation to Smoking Status. Biomedicines 2022; 10. [PMID: 36428504 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco consumption is the most incriminated and studied risk factor for Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but other factors such as air pollution, are also linked to this disease. One of the known aspects of this chronic lung disease is that its occurrence is mainly due to the chronic inflammation of the airways. Lipid metabolism seems to be affected by smoking, with studies showing a correlation between this habit and high levels of triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CHOL). Uric acid concentration is thought to reflect the antioxidative capacity of the body because it is the most abundant aqueous antioxidant. The aim of this study was to investigate the lipid profile and biochemical parameters of COPD patients in relation to smoking status. The present study was conducted between 2020 and 2021 in the Clinical Hospital of Pneumology in Iasi, Romania. Patients diagnosed with COPD (n = 52) were included and divided in three groups depending on their smoking status: non-smokers, smokers and ex-smokers. The obtained results show low correlations between COPD stages and serum uric acid concentrations (r = 0.4; p ˂ 0.05), smoking status (smoker/non-smoker/ex-smoker) and total serum cholesterol values (r = 0.45; p ˂ 0.05), but also between serum urea concentrations and the number of packs-years for the smoker/ex-smoker groups (r = 0.45, p ˂ 0.05). Smoking was associated with changes in the lipid profile of smokers and ex-smokers, along with increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CHOL) and low serum uric acid values.
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24
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Štěpánek L, Ševčíková J, Horáková D, Patel MS, Durďáková R. Public Health Burden of Secondhand Smoking: Case Reports of Lung Cancer and a Literature Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:13152. [PMID: 36293731 PMCID: PMC9603183 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Secondhand smoke (SHS), composed of mainstream and sidestream smoke, is a known human carcinogen. It contains a variety of harmful substances at even higher concentrations than mainstream smoke itself, which is inhaled during firsthand smoking. Exposure to SHS, affecting more than a third of the worldwide population, increases the likelihood of lung cancer by roughly 30%, with specific contributions depending on the histological type of cancer. This study aimed to present the harmful potential of SHS through case reports and describe the burden of SHS via a literature review. From a collection of lung cancer case reports occurring in never smokers from the Olomouc district over the last 10 years, 2 cases with no risk factors for lung cancer except for significant exposure to SHS were identified. Both cases were of young women who lived in households where their parents smoked during childhood. They suffered from rarer histological types of lung cancer in which the association with SHS has not yet been analyzed. As the literature confirms, SHS has the most adverse effects in individuals exposed during childhood. It is necessary to both take measures to reduce the prevalence of SHS, especially among children in households and pay due attention to the smoking history of patients, including current and previous exposure to SHS, when obtaining anamnestic data. Furthermore, the effect of SHS on rarer histological types of lung cancer should be studied.
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25
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Banks KC, Sumner ET, Alabaster A, Hsu DS, Quesenberry CP, Sakoda LC, Velotta JB. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with never- smoking status in patients with lung cancer: findings from a large integrated health system. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 11:3522-3534. [PMID: 36388017 PMCID: PMC9641079 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-22-1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Evidence is limited characterizing sociodemographically diverse patient populations with lung cancer in relation to smoking status. Methods In a cross-sectional analysis of adults diagnosed with lung cancer at ages ≥30 years from 2007-2018 within an integrated healthcare system, overall and sex-specific prevalence of never smoking were estimated according to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were also estimated using modified Poisson regression to identify patient characteristics associated with never smoking, overall and by sex. Similar analyses were conducted to explore whether prevalence and association patterns differed between non-Hispanic White and Asian/Pacific Islander patients. Results Among 17,939 patients with lung cancer, 2,780 (15.5%) never smoked and 8,698 (48.5%) had adenocarcinoma. Overall prevalence of never smoking was higher among females than males (21.2% vs. 9.2%, aPR 2.13, 95% CI: 1.98-2.29); Asian/Pacific Islander (aPR 2.85, 95% CI: 2.65-3.07) and Hispanic (aPR 1.72, 95% CI: 1.51-1.95) than non-Hispanic White patients; patients who primarily spoke Spanish (aPR 1.60, 95% CI: 1.32-1.94), any Asian language (aPR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.10-1.30), or other languages (aPR 1.84, 95% CI: 1.27-2.65) than English; patients living in the least vs. most deprived neighborhoods (aPR 1.36, 95% CI: 1.24-1.50); and patients with adenocarcinoma (aPR 2.57, 95% CI: 2.18-3.03), other non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (aPR 2.00, 95% CI: 1.63-2.45), or carcinoid (aPR 3.60, 95% CI: 2.96-4.37) than squamous cell carcinoma tumors. Patterns of never smoking associated with sociodemographic, but not clinical factors, differed by sex. The higher prevalence of never smoking associated with Asian/Pacific Islander race/ethnicity was more evident among females (aPR 3.30, 95% CI: 2.95-3.47) than males (aPR 2.25, 95% CI: 1.92-2.63), whereas the higher prevalence of never smoking associated with living in the least deprived neighborhoods was more evident among males (aPR 1.93, 95% CI: 1.56-2.38) than females (aPR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.06-1.31). Associations between primary language and never-smoking status were found only among females. Overall and sex-specific prevalence and association patterns differed between Asian/Pacific Islander and non-Hispanic white patients. Conclusions Our findings suggest that patterns of never-smoking status associated with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics are different across sex and race/ethnicity among patients with lung cancer. Such data are critical to increasing awareness and expediting diagnosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian C. Banks
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA;,Department of Surgery, UCSF East Bay, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Eric T. Sumner
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Amy Alabaster
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Diana S. Hsu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA;,Department of Surgery, UCSF East Bay, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Lori C. Sakoda
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA;,Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Velotta
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
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Yamamura K, Nojiri M, Nishiki K, Kato R, Shinomiya S, Takahara Y, Oikawa T, Ishizaki T, Toga H, Mizuno S. Serum Derivatives of Reactive Oxygen Metabolites are Associated with Severity of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Affected by a p53 Gene Polymorphism. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:1589-1600. [PMID: 35854898 PMCID: PMC9289177 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s366792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oxidative stress is known to activate tumor suppressor p53, which inhibits cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis. Levels of p53 in lung tissues from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are increased compared with levels in nonsmokers or smokers without emphysema. A polymorphism in p53 codon 72 (rs1042522) is associated with emphysematous changes in patients with COPD. However, whether oxidative stress in the serum is associated with the p53 polymorphism and disease severity in COPD patients is unclear. Patients and Methods A total of 251 patients with a history of smoking more than 10 pack-years were enrolled in this study, and serum levels of derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs), biological antioxidant potential (BAP), and d-ROMs/BAP ratio (oxidative stress index; OSI) were measured. The percent low-attenuation area (LAA%) and cross-sectional area of the erector spinae muscles (ESMCSA) at the Th12 level were calculated from chest high-resolution computed tomography images. p53 codon 72 C/G genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results In patients carrying the p53 GG genotype, LAA% was significantly higher than in those carrying the CC genotype. d-ROM levels and OSI were associated with COPD severity and correlated with airflow limitation and markers of muscle atrophy (ESMCSA and creatinine/cystatin C ratio). Associations between markers of oxidative stress and COPD severity were observed primarily in patients carrying the p53 codon 72 GG genotype. Conclusion Susceptibility to pulmonary emphysema and responses to oxidative stress may be affected by the p53 gene polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yamamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nojiri
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nishiki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shohei Shinomiya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takahara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Taku Oikawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishizaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Toga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shiro Mizuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Pérez-Martín H, Lidón-Moyano C, González-Marrón A, Fu M, Pérez-Ortuño R, Ballbè M, Martín-Sánchez JC, Pascual JA, Fernández E, Martínez-Sánchez JM. Changes in the salivary cotinine cut-offs to discriminate smokers and non-smokers before and after Spanish smoke-free legislation. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 80:102226. [PMID: 35878525 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High levels of cotinine in non-smokers indicate passive exposure to tobacco smoke. This study aims to evaluate variations in salivary cotinine cut-offs to discriminate smokers and non-smokers before and after the implementation of smoke-free legislation (Law 28/2005 and Law 42/2010) in a sample of the adult population of Barcelona, Spain. METHODS This longitudinal study analyzes salivary cotinine samples and self-reported information from a representative sample (n = 676) of the adult population from Barcelona before and after the approval of smoke-free legislation. We calculated the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, to obtain optimal cotinine cut-off points to discriminate between smokers and non-smokers overall, by sex and age, and their corresponding sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve. We used linear mixed-effects models, with individuals as random effects, to model the percentage change of cotinine concentration before and after the implementation of both laws. RESULTS The mean salivary cotinine concentration was significantly lower post-2010 law (-85.8%, p < 0.001). The ROC curves determined that the optimal cotinine cut-off points for discriminating non-smokers and smokers were 10.8 ng/mL (pre-2005 law) and 5.6 ng/mL (post-2010 law), with a post-2010 law sensitivity of 92.6%, specificity of 98.4%, and an area under the curve of 97.0%. The post-2010 law cotinine cut-off points were 5.6 ng/mL for males and 1.9 ng/mL for females. CONCLUSION The implementation of Spanish smoke-free legislation was effective in reducing secondhand smoke exposure and, therefore, also in reducing the cut-off point for salivary cotinine concentration. This value should be used to better assess tobacco smoke exposure in this population.
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Díez López C, Montiel González D, Vidaki A, Kayser M. Prediction of Smoking Habits From Class-Imbalanced Saliva Microbiome Data Using Data Augmentation and Machine Learning. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:886201. [PMID: 35928158 PMCID: PMC9343866 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.886201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human microbiome research is moving from characterization and association studies to translational applications in medical research, clinical diagnostics, and others. One of these applications is the prediction of human traits, where machine learning (ML) methods are often employed, but face practical challenges. Class imbalance in available microbiome data is one of the major problems, which, if unaccounted for, leads to spurious prediction accuracies and limits the classifier's generalization. Here, we investigated the predictability of smoking habits from class-imbalanced saliva microbiome data by combining data augmentation techniques to account for class imbalance with ML methods for prediction. We collected publicly available saliva 16S rRNA gene sequencing data and smoking habit metadata demonstrating a serious class imbalance problem, i.e., 175 current vs. 1,070 non-current smokers. Three data augmentation techniques (synthetic minority over-sampling technique, adaptive synthetic, and tree-based associative data augmentation) were applied together with seven ML methods: logistic regression, k-nearest neighbors, support vector machine with linear and radial kernels, decision trees, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting. K-fold nested cross-validation was used with the different augmented data types and baseline non-augmented data to validate the prediction outcome. Combining data augmentation with ML generally outperformed baseline methods in our dataset. The final prediction model combined tree-based associative data augmentation and support vector machine with linear kernel, and achieved a classification performance expressed as Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.36 and AUC of 0.81. Our method successfully addresses the problem of class imbalance in microbiome data for reliable prediction of smoking habits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manfred Kayser
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Dafni U, Soo RA, Peters S, Tsourti Z, Zygoura P, Vervita K, Han JY, De Castro J, Coate L, Früh M, Hashemi SMS, Nadal E, Carcereny E, Sala MA, Bernabé R, Provencio M, Cuffe S, Roschitzki-Voser H, Ruepp B, Rosell R, Stahel RA. Impact of smoking status on the relative efficacy of the EGFR TKI/angiogenesis inhibitor combination therapy in advanced NSCLC-a systematic review and meta-analysis. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100507. [PMID: 35696746 PMCID: PMC9271510 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ETOP 10-16 BOOSTER trial failed to demonstrate a progression-free survival (PFS) benefit for adding bevacizumab to osimertinib in second line. An exploratory subgroup analysis, however, suggested a PFS benefit of the combination in patients with a smoking history and prompted us to do this study. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the differential effect of smoking status on the benefit of adding an angiogenesis inhibitor to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy was carried out. All relevant randomized controlled trials appearing in main oncology congresses or in PubMed as of 1 November 2021 were used according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses statement. Primarily PFS according to smoking status, and secondarily overall survival (OS) were of interest. Pooled and interaction hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated by fixed or random effects models, depending on the detected degree of heterogeneity. Bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane tool for randomized controlled trials (RoB 2). Results Information by smoking was available for 1291 patients for PFS (seven studies) and 678 patients for OS (four studies). The risk of bias was low for all studies. Combination treatment significantly prolonged PFS for smokers [n = 502, HR = 0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44-0.69] but not for nonsmokers (n = 789, HR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.66-1.27; treatment-by-smoking interaction P = 0.02). Similarly, a significant OS benefit was found for smokers (n = 271, HR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.47-0.93) but not for nonsmokers (n = 407, HR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.82-1.42; treatment-by-smoking interaction P = 0.03). Conclusion In advanced EGFR-non-small-cell lung cancer patients, the addition of an angiogenesis inhibitor to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy provides a statistically significant PFS and OS benefit in smokers, but not in non-smokers. The biological basis for this observation should be pursued and could determine whether this might be due to a specific co-mutational pattern produced by tobacco exposure. Target population consists of EGFR-non-small-cell lung cancer patients. The relative effect of adding an angiogenesis inhibitor to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor by smoking status was explored. In patients with smoking history, the addition of an angiogenesis inhibitor provides significant PFS and OS benefit. This is not the case in patients with a negative smoking history. The biological basis for this observation should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Dafni
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Frontier Science Foundation Hellas, Athens, Greece
| | - R A Soo
- National University Cancer Institute, Department of Haematology-Oncology, Singapore
| | - S Peters
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Z Tsourti
- Frontier Science Foundation Hellas, Athens, Greece
| | - P Zygoura
- Frontier Science Foundation Hellas, Athens, Greece
| | - K Vervita
- Frontier Science Foundation Hellas, Athens, Greece
| | - J-Y Han
- National Cancer Center, Center for Lung Cancer, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - J De Castro
- Hospital Universitario La Paz, Medical Oncology Department, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Lung Cancer Group (SLCG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Coate
- Mid-Western Cancer Centre and University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Cancer Trials Ireland, Innovation House, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Früh
- Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Oncology and Hematology, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Inselspital Bern, Department of Oncology, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), Bern, Switzerland
| | - S M S Hashemi
- Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E Nadal
- Spanish Lung Cancer Group (SLCG), Barcelona, Spain; ICO L'Hospitalet, Medical Oncology Department, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Carcereny
- Spanish Lung Cancer Group (SLCG), Barcelona, Spain; Institut Català d'Oncologia Badalona-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, B-ARGO Group, Medical Oncology Department, Badalona, Spain
| | - M A Sala
- Spanish Lung Cancer Group (SLCG), Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Universitario Basurto, Medical Oncology Department, Bilbao, Spain
| | - R Bernabé
- Spanish Lung Cancer Group (SLCG), Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Medical Oncology Department, Seville, Spain
| | - M Provencio
- Spanish Lung Cancer Group (SLCG), Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda Medical Oncology Service, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Cuffe
- Cancer Trials Ireland, Innovation House, Dublin, Ireland; St. James's Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - B Ruepp
- ETOP IBCSG Partners Foundation, Coordinating Office, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Rosell
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Honorary Consultant, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R A Stahel
- ETOP IBCSG Partners Foundation, Coordinating Office, Bern, Switzerland.
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Limpijankit T, Chandavimol M, Srimahachota S, Siriyotha S, Thakkinstian A, Krittayaphong R, Sansanayudh N. No Paradoxical Effect of Smoking Status on Recurrent Cardiovascular Events in Patients Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Thai PCI Registry. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:888593. [PMID: 35711351 PMCID: PMC9197099 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.888593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background "Smoker's paradox" is a controversial phenomenon that describes an unexpectedly favorable short-term outcome of smokers post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of smoking status on recurrent major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients who recently underwent PCI and to determine whether it was paradoxical. Methods This study utilized data from the nationwide Thai PCI registry, enrolling patients during 2018-2019. Our study factor was smoking status, classified as current smokers, ex-smokers, and nonsmokers. The outcome of interest was the time to occurrence of a composite of MACEs (i.e., all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and unplanned revascularization) evaluated at about 1-year post-PCI. A propensity score (PS) model using inverse probability weighting with regression adjustment was used to estimate the effect of smoking on the occurrence of MACE. Results Current smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers accounted for 23, 32, and 45% of the 22,741 subjects, respectively. Smokers were younger, more frequently male, and had fewer traditional atherosclerotic risk factors. Current smokers presented more frequently with ST-elevation MIs (STEMIs) and cardiogenic shock (54 and 14.6%, respectively) than non-smokers. MACE rates were 1.9, 1.2, and 1.6 per 100 patients per month in the current smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers, respectively. After applying a PS, patients with a history of current smoking and ex-smoking developed the onset of recurrent MACEs significantly sooner than non-smokers, with a median time of 4.4 vs. 4.9 vs. 13.5 months (p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions "Smoker's paradox" was not observed in our patient population. Current smokers and ex-smokers were prone to develop an earlier onset of a post-PCI MACEs than nonsmokers and need a smoke cessation program for further prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thosaphol Limpijankit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mann Chandavimol
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suphot Srimahachota
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sukanya Siriyotha
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ammarin Thakkinstian
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungroj Krittayaphong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Sansanayudh
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Pharmongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Shao B, Snell-Bergeon JK, Pyle LL, Thomas KE, de Boer IH, Kothari V, Segrest J, Davidson WS, Bornfeldt KE, Heinecke JW. Pulmonary surfactant protein B carried by HDL predicts incident CVD in patients with type 1 diabetes. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100196. [PMID: 35300983 PMCID: PMC9010748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic CVD is the major cause of death in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Alterations in the HDL proteome have been shown to associate with prevalent CVD in T1DM. We therefore sought to determine which proteins carried by HDL might predict incident CVD in patients with T1DM. Using targeted MS/MS, we quantified 50 proteins in HDL from 181 T1DM subjects enrolled in the prospective Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes study. We used Cox proportional regression analysis and a case-cohort design to test associations of HDL proteins with incident CVD (myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting, angioplasty, or death from coronary heart disease). We found that only one HDL protein-SFTPB (pulmonary surfactant protein B)-predicted incident CVD in all the models tested. In a fully adjusted model that controlled for lipids and other risk factors, the hazard ratio was 2.17 per SD increase of SFTPB (95% confidence interval, 1.12-4.21, P = 0.022). In addition, plasma fractionation demonstrated that SFTPB is nearly entirely bound to HDL. Although previous studies have shown that high plasma levels of SFTPB associate with prevalent atherosclerosis only in smokers, we found that SFTPB predicted incident CVD in T1DM independently of smoking status and a wide range of confounding factors, including HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglyceride levels. Because SFTPB is almost entirely bound to plasma HDL, our observations support the proposal that SFTPB carried by HDL is a marker-and perhaps mediator-of CVD risk in patients with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohai Shao
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | - Laura L Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katie E Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian H de Boer
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vishal Kothari
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jere Segrest
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William S Davidson
- Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Sangüesa E, Cirujeda C, Concha J, Padilla PP, García CB, Ribate MP. Exploring the usefulness of plasma level determination and pharmacogenetics for patients treated with clozapine. Per Med 2022; 19:181-192. [PMID: 35259926 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2021-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aims: The aims of the present study were to assess the variance of plasma clozapine (CLZ) levels and to identify the influence of sociodemographic and pharmacogenetic factors on it and to introduce these tools in a clinical setting. Patients & methods: CLZ concentration was measured and genetic variants of CLZ pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors were assessed in 23 patients with psychotic disorders. Results: A significant association between mean concentration/dose ratio (C/D) and smoking status, age and weight were found. There was a significant difference in mean plasma CLZ levels and gender. The rs762551 AA genotype in smokers had a significantly lower C/D. Conclusion: In addition to classical factors, monitoring of plasma concentrations together with pharmacogenetics led to greater individualization of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Sangüesa
- Pharmacy degree, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Christine Cirujeda
- Centro Neuropsiquiátrico Nuestra Señora del Carmen. Hermanas Hospitalarias, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julia Concha
- Pharmacy degree, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pedro Pablo Padilla
- Centro Neuropsiquiátrico Nuestra Señora del Carmen. Hermanas Hospitalarias, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Belén García
- Pharmacy degree, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Pilar Ribate
- Pharmacy degree, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
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Yu J, Yang P, Qin X, Li C, Lv Y, Wang X. Impact of smoking on the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2022; 27:e12860. [PMID: 34708484 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Although the association between the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and smoking has been confirmed through a meta-analysis, many new studies have reported inconsistent conclusions. An up-to-date meta-analysis based on published relevant studies was conducted in this study to address this issue. METHODS Eligible studies up to January 2021 were screened and retrieved using PubMed and Web of Science as well as by performing a manual review of references. We calculated the pooled odd ratios (OR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Begg's test was used to determine the publication bias. RESULTS In total, 39 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that smoking increases the failure rate of H. pylori eradication treatment (OR = 1.70, 95%CI, 1.49-1.93). The risk of failure also increases with an increase in the smoking dose (>5 cigarettes per day) (OR = 2.59, 95%CI, 1.28-5.24) and the current smoking status (continued to smoke during treatment) (OR = 2.49, 95%CI, 1.52-4.06). Studies with a large proportion of patients with peptic ulcer (OR = 2.14, 95%CI, 1.51-3.02) revealed a higher failure rate among smokers than those with a low proportion of patients with peptic ulcer (OR = 1.57, 95%CI, 1.36-1.81). When vonoprazan (VPZ) was used to treat H. pylori infection, smoking did not affect the eradication rate (OR = 0.94, 95%CI, 0.51-1.75). CONCLUSION Smoking increases the failure rate of H. pylori eradication treatment. The risk of H. pylori eradication failure in smokers increases with a current smoking status and a high smoking dose. However, when VPZ is used to treat the H. pylori infection, smoking has no effect on the eradication rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,Graduate school, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,Graduate school, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiangrong Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chunjian Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiming Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Nishiki K, Nojiri M, Kato R, Shinomiya S, Oikawa T, Ishizaki T, Toga H, Mizuno S. Serum Creatinine/Cystatin C Ratio Associated with Cross-Sectional Area of Erector Spinae Muscles and Pulmonary Function in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 16:3513-3524. [PMID: 34992359 PMCID: PMC8713710 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s339243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Muscle atrophy is a major clinical feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is considered a predictor of mortality in COPD patients. Recently, the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the erector spinae muscles measured by chest computed tomography (CT) scans (ESMCSA) has been reported as a clinical parameter reflecting disease severity and future prognosis in patients with COPD. In addition, the serum creatinine (Cr)/cystatin C (CysC) ratio has been considered a quantitative marker of residual muscle mass, because serum Cr levels are affected by muscle mass, and correction by CysC counteracts the effect of renal function on serum Cr levels. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the serum Cr level corrected by serum CysC can be used as a predictive marker of pulmonary function and disease severity in patients with COPD. Patients and Methods A total of 99 patients without COPD and 201 patients with COPD, with a smoking history of more than 10 pack-years were enrolled in this study, and serum Cr and CysC levels were measured. On chest high-resolution CT images, %low attenuation area (LAA%) (≤960 Hounsfield units (HU)) and ESMCSA at the Th12 level were identified. Results There was a significant correlation between the ESMCSA and the Cr/CysC ratio. The Cr/CysC ratio was significantly associated with forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) values, especially in former smokers. Conclusion The serum Cr/CysC ratio could be a convenient substitute for the measurement of muscle atrophy and pulmonary function testing in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Nishiki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nojiri
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shohei Shinomiya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Taku Oikawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishizaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Toga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shiro Mizuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Wang JL, Yin WJ, Zhou LY, Wang YF, Zuo XC. Association Between Initiation, Intensity, and Cessation of Smoking and Mortality Risk in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A Cohort Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:728217. [PMID: 34977166 PMCID: PMC8714779 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.728217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To examine the effect of smoking status, smoking intensity, duration of smoking cessation and age of smoking initiation on the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients. Design: A population-based prospective cohort study. Setting: The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) in the U.S. that were linked to the National Death Index (NDI). Participants: 66,190 CVD participants ≥ 18 years of age who were interviewed between 1997 and 2013 in the NHIS linked to the NDI through December 31, 2015. Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was all-cause mortality and the secondary outcome was cause-specific mortality including CVD mortality and cancer mortality. Results: During the mean follow-up of 8.1 years, we documented 22,518 deaths (including 6,473 CVD deaths and 4,050 cancer deaths). In the overall CVD population, former and current smokers had higher risk of all-cause (Former smokers: hazard ratios (HRs), 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21–1.31, P < 0.001; Current smokers: HRs, 1.96; 95%CI, 1.86–2.07, P < 0.001), CVD (Former smokers: HRs, 1.12; 95%CI, 1.05–1.21, P = 0.001; Current smokers: HRs, 1.80; 95%CI, 1.64–1.97, P < 0.001) and cancer mortality (Former smokers: HRs, 1.49; 95%CI, 1.35–1.64, P < 0.001; Current smokers: HRs, 2.78; 95%CI, 2.49–3.09, P < 0.001) than never smokers. Furthermore, similar results were observed when the study subjects were stratified according to the type of CVD. Among current smokers, the risk for cancer mortality increased as the daily number of cigarettes increased, regardless of the specific type of CVD. However, the association of the risk for all-cause and CVD mortality with smoking intensity did not present a dose-response relationship. In participants with angina pectoris or stroke, smoking intensity was inversely associated with deaths from CVD. In addition, the risk for all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality declined as years of smoking cessation increased. Finally, the relative risk of all-cause mortality was not significantly different in individuals with a younger age of smoking initiation. Conclusions: CVD patients who are smokers have an increased risk of all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality, and the risk decreases significantly after quitting smoking. These data further provide strong evidence that supports the recommendation to quit smoking for the prevention of premature deaths among individuals with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Jun Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Yun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-Feng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Cong Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacy and Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Anderson SL, Livingston MD, Higgins KA, McBride CM. Predictors of Discussing Lung Cancer Screening with a Health Care Provider Among Current and Former Smokers in HINTS: A Secondary Data Analysis. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221130567. [PMID: 36171178 PMCID: PMC9523846 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221130567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lung cancer screening is greatly underutilized among those who may benefit from early detection. Methods We analysed data from a subsample (n = 929) of the 2020 Health Information National Trends Survey. We tested multivariable logistic regression models of associations of cancer worry, information insufficiency, and perceived information gathering capacity with reports of having discussed lung cancer screening with a health care provider. Results Among former smokers, no factors were associated significantly with lung cancer screening information seeking. However, for current smokers, extreme cancer worry was positively and significantly associated with having discussed lung cancer screening with a health care provider (OR: 12.95; 95% CI: 2.11, 79.39). Conclusion To increase uptake of lung cancer screening, public health campaigns and healthcare providers will face the dual challenge of increasing perceived need for screening among former smokers while directing current smokers with high levels of worry to see the benefits of early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shacoria L Anderson
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, 25798Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melvin D Livingston
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, 25798Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristin A Higgins
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 189275Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Colleen M McBride
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, 25798Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Chi Y, Wang X, Jia J, Huang T. Smoking Status and Type 2 Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Analysis of Shared Genetic Etiology and Causal Relationship. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:809445. [PMID: 35250867 PMCID: PMC8894600 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.809445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore shared genetic etiology and the causality between smoking status and type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and related metabolic traits. METHODS Using summary statistics from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWASs), we estimated genetic correlations between smoking status and T2D, 6 major CVDs, and 8 related metabolic traits with linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) analysis; identified shared genetic loci with large-scale genome-wide cross-trait meta-analysis; explored potential shared biological mechanisms with a series of post-GWAS analyses; and determined causality with Mendelian randomization (MR). RESULTS We found significant positive genetic associations with smoking status for T2D (Rg = 0.170, p = 9.39 × 10-22), coronary artery disease (CAD) (Rg = 0.234, p = 1.96 × 10-27), myocardial infarction (MI) (Rg = 0.226, p = 1.08 × 10-17), and heart failure (HF) (Rg = 0.276, p = 8.43 × 10-20). Cross-trait meta-analysis and transcriptome-wide association analysis of smoking status identified 210 loci (32 novel loci) and 354 gene-tissue pairs jointly associated with T2D, 63 loci (12 novel loci) and 37 gene-tissue pairs with CAD, 38 loci (6 novel loci) and 17 gene-tissue pairs with MI, and 28 loci (3 novel loci) and one gene-tissue pair with HF. The shared loci were enriched in the exo-/endocrine, cardiovascular, nervous, digestive, and genital systems. Furthermore, we observed that smoking status was causally related to a higher risk of T2D (β = 0.385, p = 3.31 × 10-3), CAD (β = 0.670, p = 7.86 × 10-11), MI (β = 0.725, p = 2.32 × 10-9), and HF (β = 0.520, p = 1.53 × 10-6). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide strong evidence on shared genetic etiology and causal associations between smoking status and T2D, CAD, MI, and HF, underscoring the potential shared biological mechanisms underlying the link between smoking and T2D and CVDs. This work opens up a new way of more effective and timely prevention of smoking-related T2D and CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Chi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinpei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhu Jia
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinzhu Jia, ; Tao Huang,
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinzhu Jia, ; Tao Huang,
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Poghosyan H, Mello S, Robinson KN, Tan ASL. Worry About the Future Health Issues of Smoking and Intention to Screen for Lung Cancer With Low-Dose Computed Tomography. Cancer Nurs 2022; 45:E146-52. [PMID: 34870941 DOI: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of lung cancer is key to improving the long-term prognosis for many individuals. Still, utilization rates of lung cancer screening (LCS) remain low. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between worry about future health issues of smoking and intention to undergo recommended LCS with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) within the next 3 months. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted using the Qualtrics Panel to recruit adult smokers between ages 54 and 75 years, with no history of lung cancer, and at least 30-pack-year smoking history (n = 152). The survey gathered demographic, socioeconomic, and psychographic information, including intention to screen for lung cancer with LDCT and worry about the future health issues of smoking. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Approximately 43.0% were White, 21.7% were Black, and 60.0% were female. Most (86.0%) reported intentions to undergo recommended LCS with LDCT in the next 3 months. More than one-third (32.0%) reported moderately/very worried about the future health issues of smoking. Smokers who were moderately/very worried had 20% (P = .022) higher odds of reporting an intention to undergo LCS with LDCT than those who were not at all or a little worried. CONCLUSIONS Most eligible adults reported intentions to undergo LCS with LDCT. Our study also highlights sex, racial, and socioeconomic differences in LCS behavior. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The study findings provide an opportunity for healthcare providers to have in-depth discussions about the benefits of LCS with those who express worry about future health issues of smoking.
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Polosa R, Tomaselli V, Ferrara P, Romeo AC, Rust S, Saitta D, Caraci F, Romano C, Thangaraju M, Zuccarello P, Rose J, Cantone GG, Ferrante M, Belsey J, Cibella F, Interlandi E, Ferri R. Seroepidemiological Survey on the Impact of Smoking on SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Outcomes: Protocol for the Troina Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e32285. [PMID: 34678752 PMCID: PMC8610447 DOI: 10.2196/32285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background After the global spread of SARS-CoV-2, research has highlighted several aspects of the pandemic, focusing on clinical features and risk factors associated with infection and disease severity. However, emerging results on the role of smoking in SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility or COVID-19 outcomes are conflicting, and their robustness remains uncertain. Objective In this context, this study aims at quantifying the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence, studying the changes in antibody levels over time, and analyzing the association between the biochemically verified smoking status and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods The research design involves a 6-month prospective cohort study with a serial sampling of the same individuals. Each participant will be surveyed about their demographics and COVID-19–related information, and blood sampling will be collected upon recruitment and at specified follow-up time points (ie, after 8 and 24 weeks). Blood samples will be screened for the presence of SARS-CoV-2–specific antibodies and serum cotinine, being the latter of the principal metabolite of nicotine, which will be used to assess participants’ smoking status. Results The study is ongoing. It aims to find a higher antibody prevalence in individuals at high risk for viral exposure (ie, health care personnel) and to refine current estimates on the association between smoking status and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Conclusions The added value of this research is that the current smoking status of the population to be studied will be biochemically verified to avoid the bias associated with self-reported smoking status. As such, the results from this survey may provide an actionable metric to study the role of smoking in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 outcomes, and therefore to implement the most appropriate public health measures to control the pandemic. Results may also serve as a reference for future clinical research, and the methodology could be exploited in public health sectors and policies. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/32285
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Polosa
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria "Policlinico - V. Emanuele", Catania, Italy.,Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Venera Tomaselli
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy.,Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pietro Ferrara
- Center for Public Health Research, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Value-based Healthcare Unit, Research Institute, IRCCS, MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sonja Rust
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniela Saitta
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy.,Oasi Research Institute, IRCCS, Troina, Italy.,Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Murugesan Thangaraju
- Bioanalytical Laboratory, Center for Smoking Cessation, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Pietro Zuccarello
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Jed Rose
- Bioanalytical Laboratory, Center for Smoking Cessation, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Giulio Giacomo Cantone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ettore Majorana, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Cibella
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy.,National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Palermo, Italy
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Jee Y, Park S, Yuk E, Cho SI. Alcohol Consumption and Cigarette Smoking among Young Adults: An Instrumental Variable Analysis Using Alcohol Flushing. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:11392. [PMID: 34769908 PMCID: PMC8583641 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Association between drinking and smoking has remained controversial since the association between two studies were influenced by various confounding. Thus, our study aimed to explore the causal effect of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking using alcohol flushing as an instrument variable, which is free from confounders. We analyzed cross-sectional survey data from 2500 Korean young adults (1600 men and 900 women). Alcohol flushing was strongly associated with log transformed alcohol consumption (F = 272). In men, alcohol non-flushers were 1.41 times (95% CI 1.28-1.55) more likely to smoke 100 cigarettes in their lifetime in logistic regression analysis. Alcohol non-flushers were also 1.3 times (95% CI 1.21-1.40) more likely to become daily smokers and 1.39 times (95% CI 1.27-1.51) more likely to be current smokers than alcohol flushers. However, in an IV analysis, no causal relationships between alcohol consumption and smoking status were found. Alcohol consumption, on the other hand, was causally associated with lowering nicotine dependence and former smoking in men. Alcohol consumption determined by alcohol flushing status does not appear to be causally linked to the smoking behavior of young adults. The relationship between alcohol consumption and nicotine dependence and smoking cessation needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongho Jee
- Advanced Biomedical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, 260, Gonghang-daero, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07804, Korea;
| | - Susan Park
- Institute for Community Care and Health Equity, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Eunu Yuk
- Korea Health Promotion Institute, Namsan Square Building, Toegyero 173, Jung-gu, Seoul 04554, Korea;
| | - Sung-il Cho
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Ikeda T, Cable N, Saito M, Koyama S, Tsuji T, Noguchi T, Kondo K, Osaka K, Aida J. Association Between Social Isolation and Smoking in Japan and England. J Epidemiol 2021; 31:523-529. [PMID: 32779628 PMCID: PMC8421201 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing evidence suggest that those who are socially isolated are at risk for taking up or continuing smoking. This study investigated country-based differences in social isolation and smoking status. METHODS We performed a repeated cross-sectional study using two waves of data from two ongoing aging studies: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Participants from both studies aged ≥65 years were included. We applied a multilevel Poisson regression model to examine the association between social isolation and smoking status and adjusted for individual sociodemographic characteristics. We used the social isolation index which comprises the following domains: marital status; frequency of contact with friends, family, and children; and participation in social activities. Interaction terms between each country and social isolation were also entered into the mode. RESULTS After exclusion of never smokers, we analyzed 75,905 participants (7,092 for ELSA and 68,813 for JAGES, respectively). Taking ex-smokers as the reference, social isolation was significantly associated with current smoking; the prevalence ratios (PRs) were 1.06 (95% credible interval [CrI], 1.05-1.08) for men and 1.08 (95% CrI, 1.04-1.11) for women. Taking Japan as a reference, the interaction term between country and social isolation was significant for both sexes, with increased PRs of 1.32 (95% CrI, 1.14-1.50) for men and 1.30 (95% CrI, 1.11-1.49) for women in England. CONCLUSIONS Older people who were less socially isolated were more likely to quit smoking in England than in Japan, possibly explained by the strict tobacco control policies in England.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Ikeda
- Department of Health Policy Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriko Cable
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Masashige Saito
- Department of Social Welfare, Nihon Fukushi University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shihoko Koyama
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taishi Tsuji
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiji Noguchi
- Department of Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ken Osaka
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division for Regional Community Development, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Di Federico A, De Giglio A, Nuvola G, Deiana C, Conci N, Gelsomino F, Ardizzoni A. PD-(L)1 inhibitors as single-agent or in combination with chemotherapy for advanced, PD-L1-high non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Future Oncol 2021; 17:4415-4424. [PMID: 34402681 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The best treatment for advanced, PD-L1-high non-small-cell lung cancer remains a debated issue. Methods: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of PD-(L)1 inhibitors alone or plus chemotherapy (CT) for advanced, PD-L1-high non-small-cell lung cancer. Results: 14 RCTs were included. The combination of a PD-(L)1 inhibitor with CT resulted in the improvement of progression-free survival (HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.43-0.79; p = 0.0005) and objective response rate (RR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.14-2.42; p = 0.008). No overall survival difference was documented (HR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.77-1.27; p = 0.95). The risk of grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events was significantly reduced with immune-checkpoint inhibitor single-agent therapy compared with immune-checkpoint inhibitors plus CT (RR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.32-0.45; p = 0.00001). Conclusion: The combination of a PD-(L)1 inhibitor and CT appears to be associated with improved PFS and ORR, but similar OS, compared with PD-(L)1 inhibitor single-agent therapy in patients with PD-L1-high non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Di Federico
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Specialized, Experimental & Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea De Giglio
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Specialized, Experimental & Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Nuvola
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Specialized, Experimental & Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Deiana
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Specialized, Experimental & Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicole Conci
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Specialized, Experimental & Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Gelsomino
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Specialized, Experimental & Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Specialized, Experimental & Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
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Constantin MM, Bucur S, Mutu CC, Poenaru E, Olteanu R, Ionescu RA, Nicolescu AC, Furtunescu F, Constantin T. The Impact of Smoking on Psoriasis Patients with Biological Therapies in a Bucharest Hospital. J Pers Med 2021; 11:752. [PMID: 34442396 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory skin disease with extracutaneous manifestations, that affects about 1–3% of the world’s population. The disease is not life-threatening, but the disability which comes with it is comparable to the disability caused by other serious chronic diseases, such as oncologic or cardiovascular disease. Several risk factors, such as infections, stress, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and genetic predisposition have been involved in inducing psoriasis. Smoking status is a risk factor for many chronic diseases, including psoriasis. Moreover, recent studies have tried to answer the question of whether smoking also influences the response to biologic therapy in patients with psoriasis. Through the current study, our intention is to find out how smoking affects the response to biologic treatment. A hospital-based cross-sectional, observational, non-interventional, retrospective study of moderate and severe psoriasis patients receiving biologic treatment was developed. Two groups were defined based on smoking status: group 1 included smokers (more than 10 cigarettes/day) and former smokers, and group 2 included non-smokers. The data that resulted from the analysis of the cohort of patients demonstrate that smoking status does not affect the response of biologic therapy in patients with moderate and severe psoriasis.
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Liu H, Xin J, Cai S, Jiang X. Mendelian randomization analysis provides causality of smoking on the expression of ACE2, a putative SARS-CoV-2 receptor. eLife 2021; 10:e64188. [PMID: 34227468 PMCID: PMC8282334 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To understand a causal role of modifiable lifestyle factors in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression (a putative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2] receptor) across 44 human tissues/organs, and in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) susceptibility and severity, we conducted a phenome-wide two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods More than 500 genetic variants were used as instrumental variables to predict smoking and alcohol consumption. Inverse-variance weighted approach was adopted as the primary method to estimate a causal association, while MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) were performed to identify potential horizontal pleiotropy. Results We found that genetically predicted smoking intensity significantly increased ACE2 expression in thyroid (β=1.468, p=1.8×10-8), and increased ACE2 expression in adipose, brain, colon, and liver with nominal significance. Additionally, genetically predicted smoking initiation significantly increased the risk of COVID-19 onset (odds ratio=1.14, p=8.7×10-5). No statistically significant result was observed for alcohol consumption. Conclusions Our work demonstrates an important role of smoking, measured by both status and intensity, in the susceptibility to COVID-19. Funding XJ is supported by research grants from the Swedish Research Council (VR-2018-02247) and Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (FORTE-2020-00884).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Biomedical Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Junyi Xin
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Sheng Cai
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
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45
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Yen ST, Tan AKG. Cigarette Consumption Patterns of Non-Smokers, Occasional Smokers, and Daily Smokers in Selected ASEAN Countries. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:1997-2004. [PMID: 34319019 PMCID: PMC8607097 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.7.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigates the socio-demographic factors associated with smoking status in five Southeast Asian countries: Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Philippines. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilizes data of adults ≥15 years who completed the Global Adult Tobacco Surveys. Ordered probit analysis is used to account for the smoking statuses of non-smokers, occasional smokers, and daily smokers. Results: Malaysian and Vietnamese households with more family members face lower smoking likelihoods than otherwise. Urbanites in Philippines and rural residents in Thailand and Indonesia are more likely to smoke on occasional and daily basis than others. Males are consistently more likely to smoke occasionally or daily and less likely to be non-smokers than females across all countries. Younger middle-age (retiree) individuals aged 30-35 (≥60) years in Malaysia and Thailand exhibit higher (lower) likelihoods to smoke occasionally or daily than their younger cohorts aged 15-29 years. Individuals aged 30 years and above in Indonesia, Vietnam, and Philippines display higher daily smoking propensities than others. Higher education levels dampens smoking likelihoods and increases non-smoking propensities in all countries. Non-government or self-employed workers in all countries are more likely to smoke occasionally or daily than unemployed persons. Being married is associated with higher non-smoking likelihoods in Thailand although this association is not evident in Malaysia. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a portfolio of targeted interventions is necessary to meet the needs of specific subpopulations within the various countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven T Yen
- International College, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Andrew K G Tan
- School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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Zaghloul AS, Mahmoud ElNashar AER, GamalEl Din SF, Zaki Said S, Saad HM, Refaat Eldebs H, Abdel Latif Osman I. Smoking status and the baseline international index of erectile function score can predict satisfactory response to platelet-rich plasma in patients with erectile dysfunction: A prospective pilot study. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14162. [PMID: 34196015 DOI: 10.1111/and.14162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition with a significant impact on the quality of life. Regenerative medicine maladies are intended to repair or replace damaged tissues and organs through different therapeutic mechanisms. Our aim was to study the effect of intra-corporeal injection (ICI) of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in ED patients. Thirty-four patients' erectile function was evaluated by filling up an abridged form of the international index of erectile function (IIEF-5) before and after PRP therapy. ICI of PRP was done once per week for 2 months. All patients were prescribed PDE5Is for one month after PRP therapy. Penile haemodynamics was assessed using 20 µg of PGE1 before and 3 months after initiating PRP therapy. Interestingly, our study had shown that there was a statistically significant difference in the IIEF-5 score after ICI of PRP (-5.5, ±5.2, p=<0.001). Furthermore, in multiple logistic regression model for PRP responsiveness, smoking and IIEF score before PRP were the only significant independent variables (p = .040, p = .023 respectively). PRP injection for ED patients may be a promising modality as well as baseline IIEF-5, and smoking status can be used as predictors for a satisfactory response to PRP in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Said Zaghloul
- Andrology, Sexology & Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Department, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abd El Rahman Mahmoud ElNashar
- Andrology, Sexology & Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Department, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sameh Fayek GamalEl Din
- Andrology, Sexology & Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Department, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shady Zaki Said
- Andrology, Sexology & Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Department, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hany Mohammed Saad
- Department of Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hossam Refaat Eldebs
- Andrology, Sexology & Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Department, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ihab Abdel Latif Osman
- Andrology, Sexology & Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Department, Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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47
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Suzuki H, Sasaki E, Nishikawa D, Nishikawa D, Koide Y, Beppu S, Terada H, Hanai N. p16-positive oropharyngeal cancer with rare thyroid metastasis : A case report. J Med Invest 2021; 67:189-191. [PMID: 32378605 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.67.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid metastasis is rarely diagnosed, and the treatment outcomes in p16-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients with rare thyroid metastasis have not been fully investigated. Here we describe the case of a patient with p16-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma who was diagnosed with cT4 N2M1 with rare thyroid metastasis. The patient was a current smoker and was positive for human papillomavirus DNA, with disease progression at 49 days and death at 113 days after completion of cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy. J. Med. Invest. 67 : 189-191, February, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eiichi Sasaki
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishikawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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48
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Nicolas M, Grandal B, Dubost E, Kassara A, Guerin J, Toussaint A, Laas E, Feron JG, Fourchotte V, Lecuru F, Girard N, Coussy F, Lavielle B, Kriegel I, Kirova Y, Pierga JY, Reyal F, Hamy AS. Breast Cancer (BC) Is a Window of Opportunity for Smoking Cessation: Results of a Retrospective Analysis of 1234 BC Survivors in Follow-Up Consultation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2423. [PMID: 34067742 PMCID: PMC8156674 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer and the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Smoking is the principal modifiable risk factor for cancers and has a negative influence on long-term survival. We conducted a retrospective study on consecutive BC survivors seen at follow-up consultations between 3 June and 30 October 2019 at Institut Curie, Paris, France. Smoking behaviors were evaluated prospectively via interviewer-administered questionnaires. The aim of this study was to describe smoking-related patient care at diagnosis and smoking cessation patterns in women with a history of BC. A total of 1234 patients were included in the study. Smoking status at diagnosis was missing from electronic health records in 32% of cases, including 13% of patients who smoke. Only 20% of the 197 patients currently smoking at diagnosis recalled having a discussion about smoking with a healthcare professional. Radiotherapists and surgeons were more likely to talk about complications than other practitioners. The main type of information provided was general advice to stop smoking (n = 110), followed by treatment complications (n = 48), while only five patients were referred to tobaccologists. Since diagnosis, 33% (n = 65) of the patients currently smoking had quit. Patients who quit had a lower alcohol consumption, but no other factor was associated with smoking cessation. The main motivation for tobacco withdrawal was the fear of BC relapse (63%). This study highlights room for improvement in the assessment of smoking behavior. Our data raise important perspectives for considering BC treatment and follow-up as a window of opportunity for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Nicolas
- Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France;
- Department of Breast and Gynecological Surgery, Institut Curie, Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (B.G.); (E.D.); (A.T.); (E.L.); (J.-G.F.); (V.F.); (F.L.); (N.G.)
| | - Beatriz Grandal
- Department of Breast and Gynecological Surgery, Institut Curie, Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (B.G.); (E.D.); (A.T.); (E.L.); (J.-G.F.); (V.F.); (F.L.); (N.G.)
| | - Emma Dubost
- Department of Breast and Gynecological Surgery, Institut Curie, Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (B.G.); (E.D.); (A.T.); (E.L.); (J.-G.F.); (V.F.); (F.L.); (N.G.)
| | - Amyn Kassara
- Data Factory, Institut Curie, Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (A.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Julien Guerin
- Data Factory, Institut Curie, Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (A.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Aullene Toussaint
- Department of Breast and Gynecological Surgery, Institut Curie, Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (B.G.); (E.D.); (A.T.); (E.L.); (J.-G.F.); (V.F.); (F.L.); (N.G.)
| | - Enora Laas
- Department of Breast and Gynecological Surgery, Institut Curie, Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (B.G.); (E.D.); (A.T.); (E.L.); (J.-G.F.); (V.F.); (F.L.); (N.G.)
| | - Jean-Guillaume Feron
- Department of Breast and Gynecological Surgery, Institut Curie, Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (B.G.); (E.D.); (A.T.); (E.L.); (J.-G.F.); (V.F.); (F.L.); (N.G.)
| | - Virginie Fourchotte
- Department of Breast and Gynecological Surgery, Institut Curie, Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (B.G.); (E.D.); (A.T.); (E.L.); (J.-G.F.); (V.F.); (F.L.); (N.G.)
| | - Fabrice Lecuru
- Department of Breast and Gynecological Surgery, Institut Curie, Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (B.G.); (E.D.); (A.T.); (E.L.); (J.-G.F.); (V.F.); (F.L.); (N.G.)
| | - Noemie Girard
- Department of Breast and Gynecological Surgery, Institut Curie, Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (B.G.); (E.D.); (A.T.); (E.L.); (J.-G.F.); (V.F.); (F.L.); (N.G.)
| | - Florence Coussy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (F.C.); (B.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (A.-S.H.)
| | - Beatrice Lavielle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (F.C.); (B.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (A.-S.H.)
| | - Irene Kriegel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institut Curie, Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Youlia Kirova
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Curie, Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Jean-Yves Pierga
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (F.C.); (B.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (A.-S.H.)
| | - Fabien Reyal
- Department of Breast and Gynecological Surgery, Institut Curie, Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (B.G.); (E.D.); (A.T.); (E.L.); (J.-G.F.); (V.F.); (F.L.); (N.G.)
- Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Hamy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France; (F.C.); (B.L.); (J.-Y.P.); (A.-S.H.)
- Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France
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Noble N, Bryant J, Maher L, Jackman D, Bonevski B, Shakeshaft A, Paul C. Patient self-report versus medical records for smoking status and alcohol consumption at Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services. Aust N Z J Public Health 2021; 45:277-282. [PMID: 33970509 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the level of agreement, and predictors of agreement, between patient self-report and medical records for smoking status and alcohol consumption among patients attending one of four Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service (ACCHSs). METHODS A convenience sample of 110 ACCHS patients self-reported whether they were current smokers or currently consumed alcohol. ACCHS staff completed a medical record audit for corresponding items for each patient. The level of agreement was evaluated using the kappa statistic. Factors associated with levels of agreement were explored using logistic regression. RESULTS The level of agreement between self-report and medical records was strong for smoking status (kappa=0.85; 95%CI: 0.75-0.96) and moderate for alcohol consumption (kappa=0.74; 95%CI: 0.60-0.88). None of the variables explored were significantly associated with levels of agreement for smoking status or alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS Medical records showed good agreement with patient self-report for smoking and alcohol status and are a reliable means of identifying potentially at-risk ACCHS patients. Implications for public health: ACCHS medical records are accurate for identifying smoking and alcohol risk factors for their patients. However, strategies to increase documentation and reduce missing data in the medical records are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Noble
- Health Behaviour Research Collaborative, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, New South Wales
| | - Jamie Bryant
- Health Behaviour Research Collaborative, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, New South Wales
| | - Louise Maher
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence, NSW Ministry of Health, New South Wales
| | - Daniel Jackman
- Maari Ma Health Aboriginal Corporation, New South Wales.,Outback Division of General Practice, New South Wales
| | - Billie Bonevski
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New South Wales.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales
| | - Anthony Shakeshaft
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales.,National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of NSW Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Christine Paul
- Health Behaviour Research Collaborative, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, New South Wales
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Özpamuk-Karadeniz F, Karadeniz Y, Kaya A, Altay S, Can G, Onat A. Low Serum Uric Acid Predicts Risk of a Composite Disease Endpoint. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57040361. [PMID: 33917823 PMCID: PMC8068308 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57040361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Mortality may increase in hypouricemia as well as inhyperuricemia. We assessed the predictive value of low serum uric acid (SUA) levels on the risk of overall mortality or a composite endpoint of death and nonfatal events. Materials and Methods: In 1013 community-based middle-aged adults, free of uncontrolled diabetes and coronary heart disease at baseline, the association of sex-specific SUA tertiles with defined outcomes was evaluated prospectively by logistic regression, stratified to gender and presence of type-2 diabetes, using recent criteria. Results: Totally, 43 deaths and additional incident nonfatal events in 157 cases were recorded at a median 3.4 years' follow-up. Multivariable linear regression disclosed SUA to be significantly associated among non-diabetic individuals positively with creatinine, triglycerides, and body mass index in women further with fasted glucose. In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis, sex-specifically dichotomized baseline uric acid (<5.1 and <4.1 mg/dL vs. higher values) significantly predicted the non-fatal events in the whole sample (relative risk (RR) 1.51 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02; 2.26]), as well as in men, while composite endpoint in the whole sample tended to rise (RR 1.38). Compared with the intermediate one, the top and bottom SUA tertiles combined tended to confer mortality risk (RR 2.40 [95% CI 0.89; 6.51]). Adverse outcomes in diabetic women were predicted by tertiles 2 and 3. Conclusions: Inverse association of SUA with adverse outcomes, especially in men, is consistent with the involvement of uric acid mass in autoimmune activation. The positive association of uric acid with adverse outcomes in diabetic women is likely mediated by concomitant high-density lipoprotein dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Özpamuk-Karadeniz
- Departments of Cardiology, Special Büyükşehir Hospital, 42010 Konya, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-0507-233-4020
| | - Yusuf Karadeniz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, 42010 Konya, Turkey;
| | - Adnan Kaya
- Department of Cardiology, Special Memorial Hospital Bahçelievler, 34100 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Servet Altay
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22020 Edirne, Turkey;
| | - Günay Can
- Departments of Public Health, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Altan Onat
- Departments of Cardiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey;
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