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Malovic E, Ealy A, Hsu PJ, Sarkar S, Miller C, Rokad D, Goeser C, Hartman AK, Zhu A, Palanisamy B, Zenitsky G, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, He C, Kanthasamy AG. Epitranscriptomic Reader YTHDF2 Regulates SEK1( MAP2K4 )-JNK-cJUN Inflammatory Signaling in Astrocytes during Neurotoxic Stress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.26.577106. [PMID: 38328119 PMCID: PMC10849634 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
As the most abundant glial cells in the CNS, astrocytes dynamically respond to neurotoxic stress, however, the key molecular regulators controlling the inflammatory status of these sentinels during neurotoxic stress have remained elusive. Herein, we demonstrate that the m6A epitranscriptomic mRNA modification tightly regulates the pro-inflammatory functions of astrocytes. Specifically, the astrocytic neurotoxic stresser, manganese (Mn), downregulated the m6A reader YTHDF2 in human and mouse astrocyte cultures and in the mouse brain. Functionally, YTHDF2 knockdown augmented, while its overexpression dampened, neurotoxic stress induced proinflammatory response, suggesting YTHDF2 serves as a key upstream regulator of inflammatory responses in astrocytes. Mechnistically, YTHDF2 RIP-sequencing identified MAP2K4 ( MKK4; SEK1) mRNA as a YTHDF2 target influencing inflammatory signaling. Our target validation revealed Mn-exposed astrocytes mediates proinflammatory response by activating the phosphorylation of SEK1, JNK, and cJUN signaling. Collectively, YTHDF2 serves a key upstream 'molecular switch' controlling SEK1( MAP2K4 )-JNK-cJUN proinflammatory signaling in astrocytes.
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Zhang L, Yao J, Wei Y, Zhou Z, Li P, Qu J, Badu-Nkansah A, Yuan X, Huang YW, Fukumura K, Mao X, Chang WC, Saunus J, Lakhani S, Huse JT, Hung MC, Yu D. Blocking immunosuppressive neutrophils deters pY696-EZH2-driven brain metastases. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/545/eaaz5387. [PMID: 32461334 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz5387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The functions of immune cells in brain metastases are unclear because the brain has traditionally been considered "immune privileged." However, we found that a subgroup of immunosuppressive neutrophils is recruited into the brain, enabling brain metastasis development. In brain metastatic cells, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is highly expressed and phosphorylated at tyrosine-696 (pY696)-EZH2 by nuclear-localized Src tyrosine kinase. Phosphorylation of EZH2 at Y696 changes its binding preference from histone H3 to RNA polymerase II, which consequently switches EZH2's function from a methyltransferase to a transcription factor that increases c-JUN expression. c-Jun up-regulates protumorigenic inflammatory cytokines, including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), which recruits Arg1+- and PD-L1+ immunosuppressive neutrophils into the brain to drive metastasis outgrowth. G-CSF-blocking antibodies or immune checkpoint blockade therapies combined with Src inhibitors impeded brain metastasis in multiple mouse models. These findings indicate that pY696-EZH2 can function as a methyltransferase-independent transcription factor to facilitate the brain infiltration of immunosuppressive neutrophils, which could be clinically targeted for brain metastasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongkun Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhifen Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jingkun Qu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Akosua Badu-Nkansah
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiangliang Yuan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Kazutaka Fukumura
- Department of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xizeng Mao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jodi Saunus
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sunil Lakhani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Jason T Huse
- Department of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Dihua Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. .,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Association of Interleukin-1 α Functional Polymorphism with Risk of Chronic Periodontitis in Han Chinese Population. Genet Res (Camb) 2021; 2021:6614835. [PMID: 33854406 PMCID: PMC8019642 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6614835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a common inflammatory illness affecting a large proportion of humans. Genetic factors are thought to play important roles in its onset and development. A functional polymorphism (rs1800587) in the promoter of the interleukin-1α gene (−889 C/T) has been found to confer risk of CP primarily in Europeans, but the association between this variant and CP in the Chinese population remains less conclusive. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the association between rs1800587 and CP in case-control samples of Han Chinese origin. A total of 1,777 study subjects, including 884 CP patients and 893 healthy controls, were collected. Genotyping of rs1800587 was performed using the SNAPSHOT method, and statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between rs1800587 and CP. In our sample, rs1800587 was significantly associated with the onset of CP (additive model, T-allele vs. C-allele, p = 0.00359, odds ratio = 1.446, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.127–1.855; dominant model, (TT + TC) vs. CC, p = 0.00250, odds ratio = 1.502, 95% CIs = 1.152–1.957; overdominant model, TC vs. (TT + CC), p = 0.00264, odds ratio = 1.508, 95% CIs = 1.152–1.976). The T-allele and [TC] genotypes of rs1800587 were significantly overrepresented in CP patients compared with controls. Our data suggest that rs1800587 of IL-1α is significantly associated with the risk of CP in Han Chinese subjects, further confirming its possible involvement in the disease.
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Chandrasekaran A, Idelchik MDPS, Melendez JA. Redox control of senescence and age-related disease. Redox Biol 2017; 11:91-102. [PMID: 27889642 PMCID: PMC5126126 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling networks that drive the aging process, associated functional deterioration, and pathologies has captured the scientific community's attention for decades. While many theories exist to explain the aging process, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) provides a signaling link between engagement of cellular senescence and several age-associated pathologies. Cellular senescence has evolved to restrict tumor progression but the accompanying senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) promotes pathogenic pathways. Here, we review known biological theories of aging and how ROS mechanistically control senescence and the aging process. We also describe the redox-regulated signaling networks controlling the SASP and its important role in driving age-related diseases. Finally, we discuss progress in designing therapeutic strategies that manipulate the cellular redox environment to restrict age-associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Chandrasekaran
- SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | | | - J Andrés Melendez
- SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA.
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Razzouk S. Regulatory elements and genetic variations in periodontal diseases. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 72:106-115. [PMID: 27569042 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current evidence suggests that many GWAS and IL1 SNPs are associated with periodontal diseases but their functional role remains ambiguous. Therefore, it is imperative to elucidate the molecular pathways through which these SNPs might act on the development of the disease. The purpose of this review was to highlight the regulatory elements of noncoding regions of the genome and provide insights on the functional role of periodontitis-associated GWAS and IL1 SNPs. DESIGN A search was performed using ENCODE data available on different browsers. RESULTS GWAS and IL1 SNPs overlap DNase I hypersensitivity sites, histone modifications and transcription binding sites. Some of these noncoding variants influenced the transcription activity of inflammatory genes. CONCLUSION SNPs associated with periodontal diseases may contribute to the development of the disorder through their functional roles. Unraveling the character of genetic components might explain the diversity of clinical phenotypes among population groups as well as disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sleiman Razzouk
- Adjunct faculty, Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, United States; Private Practice, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Almog T, Kandel-Kfir M, Shaish A, Dissen M, Shlomai G, Voronov E, Apte RN, Harats D, Kamari Y. Knockdown of interleukin-1α does not attenuate LPS-induced production of interleukin-1β in mouse macrophages. Cytokine 2015; 73:138-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Tsimikas S, Duff GW, Berger PB, Rogus J, Huttner K, Clopton P, Brilakis E, Kornman KS, Witztum JL. Pro-inflammatory interleukin-1 genotypes potentiate the risk of coronary artery disease and cardiovascular events mediated by oxidized phospholipids and lipoprotein(a). J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63:1724-34. [PMID: 24530664 PMCID: PMC4008715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the influence of pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1 genotype status on the risk for coronary artery disease (CAD), defined as >50% diameter stenosis, and cardiovascular events mediated by oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs) and lipoprotein (Lp) (a). BACKGROUND OxPLs are pro-inflammatory, circulate on Lp(a), and mediate CAD. Genetic variations in the IL-1 region are associated with increased inflammatory mediators. METHODS IL-1 genotypes, OxPL on apolipoprotein B-100 (OxPL/apoB), and Lp(a) levels were measured in 499 patients undergoing coronary angiography. The composite genotype termed IL-1(+) was defined by 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL-1 gene cluster associated with higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. All other IL-1 genotypes were termed IL-1(-). RESULTS Among IL-1(+) patients, the highest quartile of OxPL/apoB was significantly associated with a higher risk for CAD compared with the lowest quartile (odds ratio [OR]: 2.84; p = 0.001). This effect was accentuated in patients age ≤60 years (OR: 7.03; p < 0.001). In IL-1(-) patients, OxPL/apoB levels showed no association with CAD. The interaction was significant for OxPL/apoB (OR: 1.99; p = 0.004) and Lp(a) (OR: 1.96; p < 0.001) in the IL-1(+) group versus the IL-1(-) group in patients age ≤60 years but not in those age >60 years. In IL-1(+) patients age ≤60 years, after adjustment for established risk factors, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and Lp(a), OxPL/apoB remained an independent predictor of CAD. IL-1(+) patients above the median OxPL/apoB presented to the cardiac catheterization laboratory a mean of 3.9 years earlier (p = 0.002) and had worse 4-year event-free survival (death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and need for revascularization) compared with other groups (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that IL-1 genotype status can stratify population risk for CAD and cardiovascular events mediated by OxPL. These data suggest a clinically relevant biological link between pro-inflammatory IL-1 genotype, oxidation of phospholipids, Lp(a), and genetic predisposition to CAD and cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Tsimikas
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
| | - Gordon W Duff
- Division of Genomic Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B Berger
- Department of Cardiology, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - John Rogus
- Interleukin Genetics, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts
| | | | - Paul Clopton
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California
| | | | | | - Joseph L Witztum
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Abstract
Although the IL-1α molecule has long been recognized, information about its distinct role in various diseases is limited, since most clinical studies have focused on the role of IL-1β. Despite triggering the same IL-1 receptor as does IL-1β, there is, however, a distinct role for IL-1α in some inflammatory diseases. IL-1α is a unique cytokine since it is constitutively present intracellularly in nearly all resting non-hematopoietic cells in health as well as being up-regulated during hypoxia. During cell necrosis, IL-1α functions as an alarm molecule and thus plays a critical role early in inflammation. Following its release from damage tissue cells, IL-1α mediates neutrophil recruitment to the site of injury, inducing IL-1β, other cytokines and chemokines from surrounding resident cells. Another unique attribute of IL-1α is its nuclear localization sequence present in the N-terminal half of the precursor termed the propiece. The IL-1α propiece translocates into the nucleus and participates in the regulation of transcription. Therefore, IL-1α, like IL-1 family members IL-33 and IL-37, is a 'dual-function' cytokine binding to chromatin as well as to its cell surface receptor. Some cancer cells can express membrane IL-1α, which can increase immunogenicity of tumor cells and serve in anti-tumor immune surveillance and tumor regression. However, in the tumor microenvironment, precursor IL-1α released from dying tumor cells is inflammatory and, similar to IL-1β, increases tumor invasiveness and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peleg Rider
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Yaron Carmi
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Elena Voronov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics and The Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ron N Apte
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics and The Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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McCarthy DA, Ranganathan A, Subbaram S, Flaherty NL, Patel N, Trebak M, Hempel N, Melendez JA. Redox-control of the alarmin, Interleukin-1α. Redox Biol 2013; 1:218-25. [PMID: 24024155 PMCID: PMC3757693 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) has recently emerged as a susceptibility marker for a wide array of inflammatory diseases associated with oxidative stress including Alzheimer's, arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetes and cancer. In the present study, we establish that expression and nuclear localization of IL-1α are redox-dependent. Shifts in steady-state H2O2 concentrations (SS-[H2O2]) resulting from enforced expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) drive IL-1α mRNA and protein expression. The redox-dependent expression of IL-1α is accompanied by its increased nuclear localization. Both IL-1α expression and its nuclear residency are abrogated by catalase co-expression. Sub-lethal doses of H2O2 also cause IL-1α nuclear localization. Mutagenesis revealed IL-1α nuclear localization does not involve oxidation of cysteines within its N terminal domain. Inhibition of the processing enzyme calpain prevents IL-1α nuclear localization even in the presence of H2O2. H2O2 treatment caused extracellular Ca2+ influx suggesting oxidants may influence calpain activity indirectly through extracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Functionally, as a result of its nuclear activity, IL-1α overexpression promotes NF-kB activity, but also interacts with the histone acetyl transferase (HAT) p300. Together, these findings demonstrate a mechanism by which oxidants impact inflammation through IL-1α and suggest that antioxidant-based therapies may prove useful in limiting inflammatory disease progression. Sod2-dependent increases in steady-state H2O2 promote IL-1α expression. H2O2 causes nuclear localization of IL-1α and extracellular Ca2+ influx. Inhibition of the Ca2+ regulated calpain prevents H2O2 dependent IL-1α nuclear localization. Nuclear IL-1α interacts with p300 and promotes NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A McCarthy
- College of Nanoscale Sciences and Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12203, USA
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