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Yuan L, Ni Y, Chen H, Li J, Lu Q, Wang L, Zhang X, Yue J, Yang H, Liu C. Comparative chloroplast genomes study of five officinal Ardisia Species: Unraveling interspecific diversity and evolutionary insights in Ardisia. Gene 2024; 912:148349. [PMID: 38460806 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Ardisia S.W. (Primulaceae), naturally distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, has edible and medicinal values and is prevalent in clinical and daily use in China. More genetic information for distinct species delineation is needed to support the development and utilization of the genus Ardisia. We sequenced, annotated, and compared the chloroplast genomes of five Ardisia species: A. brunnescens, A. pusilla, A. squamulosa, A. crenata, and A. brevicaulis in this study. We found a typical quadripartite structure in all five chloroplast genomes, with lengths ranging from 155,045 to 156,943 bp. Except for A. pusilla, which lacked the ycf15 gene, the other four Ardisia species contained 114 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs, and four rRNAs. In addition, the rps19 pseudogene gene was present only in A. brunnescens. Five highly variable DNA barcodes were identified for five Ardisia species, including trnT-GGU-psbD, trnT-UGU-trnL-UAA, rps4-trnT-UGU, rpl32-trnL-UAG, and rpoB-trnC-GAA. The RNA editiing sites of protein-coding genes in the five Ardisia plastome were characterized and compared, and 274 (A. crenata)-288 (A. brevicaulis) were found. The results of the phylogenetic analysis were consistent with the morphological classification. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that ycf15 genes were highly divergent in Primulaceae. Reconstructions of ancestral character states indicated that leaf margin morphology is critical for classifying the genus Ardisia, with a rodent-like character being the most primitive. These results provide valuable information on the taxonomy and evolution of Ardisia plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichai Yuan
- Institute of Medicine Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Ni
- Institute of Medicine Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Haimei Chen
- Institute of Medicine Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Jingling Li
- Institute of Medicine Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Qianqi Lu
- Institute of Medicine Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Liqiang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Heze University, Heze, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Institute of Medicine Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Jingwen Yue
- Institute of Medicine Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Heyu Yang
- Institute of Medicine Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- Institute of Medicine Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Kundu M, Das S, Das CK, Kulkarni G, Das S, Dhara D, Mandal M. Magnolol induces cytotoxic autophagy in glioma by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Exp Cell Res 2023; 424:113488. [PMID: 36736226 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is difficult-to-treat because of its infiltrative nature and the presence of the blood-brain barrier. Temozolomide is the only FDA-approved drug for its management. Therefore, finding a novel chemotherapeutic agent for glioma is of utmost importance. Magnolol, a neolignan, has been known for its apoptotic role in glioma. In this work, we have explored a novel anti-glioma mechanism of Magnolol associated with its role in autophagy modulation. We found increased expression levels of Beclin-1, Atg5-Atg12, and LC3-II and lower p62 expression in Magnolol-treated glioma cells. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway proteins were also downregulated in Magnolol-treated glioma cells. Next, we treated the glioma cells with Insulin, a stimulator of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, to confirm that Magnolol induced autophagy by inhibiting this pathway. Insulin reversed the effect on Magnolol-mediated autophagy induction. We also established the same in in vivo glioma model where Magnolol showed an anti-glioma effect by inducing autophagy. To confirm the cytotoxic effect of Magnolol-induced autophagy, we used Chloroquine, a late-stage autophagy inhibitor. Chloroquine efficiently reversed the anti-glioma effects of Magnolol both in vitro and in vivo. Our study revealed the cytotoxic effect of Magnolol-induced autophagy in glioma, which was not previously reported. Additionally, Magnolol showed no toxicity in non-cancerous cell lines as well as rat organs. Thus, we concluded that Magnolol is an excellent candidate for developing new therapeutic strategies for glioma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Kundu
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - Subhayan Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - Chandan Kanta Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - Gaurav Kulkarni
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - Soumen Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - Dibakar Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
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3
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Datta S, Luthra R, Bharadvaja N. Medicinal Plants for Glioblastoma Treatment. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:2367-2384. [PMID: 34939551 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666211221144739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, an aggressive brain cancer, demonstrates the least life expectancy among all brain cancers. Because of the regulation of diverse signaling pathways in cancers, the chemotherapeutic approaches used to suppress their multiplication and spreading are restricted. Sensitivity towards chemotherapeutic agents has developed because of the pathological and drug-evading abilities of these diverse mechanisms. As a result, the identification and exploration of strategies or treatments, which can overcome such refractory obstacles to improve glioblastoma response to treatment as well as recovery, is essential. Medicinal herbs contain a wide variety of bioactive compounds, which could trigger aggressive brain cancers, regulate their anti-cancer mechanisms and immune responses to assist in cancer elimination, and cause cell death. Numerous tumor-causing proteins, which facilitate invasion as well as metastasis of cancer, tolerance of chemotherapies, and angiogenesis, are also inhibited by these phytochemicals. Such herbs remain valuable for glioblastoma prevention and its incidence by effectively being used as anti-glioma therapies. This review thus presents the latest findings on medicinal plants using which the extracts or bioactive components are being used against glioblastoma, their mechanism of functioning, pharmacological description as well as recent clinical studies conducted on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreeja Datta
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi-110042. India
| | - Ritika Luthra
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi-110042. India
| | - Navneeta Bharadvaja
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi-110042. India
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4
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Han B, He C. Targeting autophagy using saponins as a therapeutic and preventive strategy against human diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 166:105428. [PMID: 33540047 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a ubiquitous mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis through the degradation of long-lived proteins, insoluble protein aggregates, and superfluous or damaged organelles. Dysfunctional autophagy is observed in a variety of human diseases. With advanced research into the role that autophagy plays in physiological and pathological conditions, targeting autophagy is becoming a novel tactic for disease management. Saponins are naturally occurring glycosides containing triterpenoids or steroidal sapogenins as aglycones, and some saponins are reported to modulate autophagy. Research suggests that saponins may have therapeutic and preventive efficacy against many autophagy-related diseases. Therefore, this review comprehensively summarizes and discusses the reported saponins that exhibit autophagy regulating activities. In addition, the relevant signaling pathways that the mechanisms involved in regulating autophagy and the targeted diseases were also discussed. By regulating autophagy and related pathways, saponins exhibit bioactivities against cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis and other cardiac diseases, kidney diseases, liver diseases, acute pancreatitis, and osteoporosis. This review provides an overview of the autophagy-regulating activity of saponins, the underlying mechanisms and potential applications for managing various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, China.
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Liu C, Wang F, Wang B, Wu T, Wang Y, Huo W, Zhang S, Su Y, Liu J, Liu Y, Yu J. Pseudolaric acid B induces apoptosis in human rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:358. [PMID: 33133258 PMCID: PMC7590441 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudolaric acid B (PAB) is a diterpene-type acid isolated from the root and trunk bark of Pseudolarix kaempferi Gordon of the Pinaceae family that has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis in various cell lines and autophagy in certain cell lines including murine fibrosarcoma L929, human thyroid squamous cell carcinoma SW579 and human lung fibroblast MRC5 cells. However, in human rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells, which are derived from the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and represent a high-grade neoplasm of a skeletal myoblast type, it is not clear whether PAB induces apoptosis or autophagy. The identification of the exact mechanism of PAB is important for studying its antitumor effects and its potential application in the treatment of human rhabdomyosarcoma. To confirm the inhibitory ability of PAB on RD cells, the inhibitory ratio of PAB was analyzed, and the results of MTT assay demonstrated that PAB inhibited RD cell proliferation. Meanwhile aggregation of the microtubule fibers was found in PAB-treated RD cells compared with that in control-treated cells, which was consistent with previous studies. In addition, PAB inhibited RD cell migration, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. These results suggested that the mechanism of PAB-mediated growth inhibition in RD was similar to that reported in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and the neuroglioma cell line A172; however, it was different from that reported in the L929, MRC5 and SW579 cell lines. Additional experiments demonstrated that PAB regulated the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9 to induce apoptosis and caused an upregulation of phosphorylated H2A histone family member X and cyclin B1 expression in order to induce cell cycle arrest. Therefore, PAB may be considered a potential treatment agent for human rhabdomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Liu
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Acupunture Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Chemistry Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Huo
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Forouzanfar F, Mousavi SH. Targeting Autophagic Pathways by Plant Natural Compounds in Cancer Treatment. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:1237-1249. [PMID: 32364070 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200504072635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, natural compounds of plant origin with anticancer effects have gained more attention because of their clinical safety and broad efficacy profiles. Autophagy is a multistep lysosomal degradation pathway that may have a unique potential for clinical benefit in the setting of cancer treatment. To retrieve articles related to the study, the databases of Google Scholar, Web of sciences, Medline and Scopus, using the following keywords: Autophagic pathways; herbal medicine, oncogenic autophagic pathways, tumor-suppressive autophagic pathways, and cancer were searched. Although natural plant compounds such as resveratrol, curcumin, oridonin, gossypol, and paclitaxel have proven anticancer potential via autophagic signaling pathways, there is still a great need to find new natural compounds and investigate the underlying mechanisms, to facilitate their clinical use as potential anticancer agents through autophagic induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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In Search of High-Yielding and Single-Compound-Yielding Plants: New Sources of Pharmaceutically Important Saponins from the Primulaceae Family. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030376. [PMID: 32121337 PMCID: PMC7175136 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, only a few primrose species have been analyzed regarding their saponin composition and content. Moreover, the roots of only two of them are defined by the European Union (EU) Pharmacopoeia monograph and commercially utilized by the pharmaceutical industry. Thus, this study intended to find some new sources of main triterpene saponins from Primulae radix, namely primulasaponins I and II together with the closely related sakurasosaponin. Using isolated standards, UHPLC-ESI-HRMS served to assess over 155 Primulaceae members qualitatively and quantitatively. Nine examples of plants accumulating over 5% of primulasaponin I in their roots were found. Among them, in one case, it was found as the almost sole secondary metabolite with the concentration of 15–20% (Primula grandis L.). A reasonable content of primulasaponin II was found to be typical for Primula vulgaris Huds. and P. megaseifolia Boiss. & Bal. The sakurasosaponin level was found in seven species to exceed 5%. The finding of new, single and rich sources of the abovementioned biomolecules among species that were never analyzed phytochemically is important for future research and economic benefit. The chemotaxonomic significance of the occurrence of these three saponins in Primulaceae is discussed.
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Vengoji R, Macha MA, Batra SK, Shonka NA. Natural products: a hope for glioblastoma patients. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22194-22219. [PMID: 29774132 PMCID: PMC5955138 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive malignant tumors with an overall dismal survival averaging one year despite multimodality therapeutic interventions including surgery, radiotherapy and concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy. Few drugs are FDA approved for GBM, and the addition of temozolomide (TMZ) to standard therapy increases the median survival by only 2.5 months. Targeted therapy appeared promising in in vitro monolayer cultures, but disappointed in preclinical and clinical trials, partly due to the poor penetration of drugs through the blood brain barrier (BBB). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have intrinsic resistance to initial chemoradiation therapy (CRT) and acquire further resistance via deregulation of many signaling pathways. Due to the failure of classical chemotherapies and targeted drugs, research efforts focusing on the use of less toxic agents have increased. Interestingly, multiple natural compounds have shown antitumor and apoptotic effects in TMZ resistant and p53 mutant GBM cell lines and also displayed synergistic effects with TMZ. In this review, we have summarized the current literature on natural products or product analogs used to modulate the BBB permeability, induce cell death, eradicate CSCs and sensitize GBM to CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Muzafar A. Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Nicole A. Shonka
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology and Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
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Review of Natural Product-Derived Compounds as Potent Antiglioblastoma Drugs. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8139848. [PMID: 29181405 PMCID: PMC5664208 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8139848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Common care for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and temozolomide- (TMZ-) based chemotherapy. Unfortunately, these therapies remain inadequate involving severe mortality and recurrence. Recently, new approaches discovering combinations of multiple inhibitors have been proposed along with the identification of key driver mutations that are specific to each patient. To date, this approach is still limited by the lack of effective therapy. Hopefully, novel compounds derived from natural products are suggested as potential solutions. Inhibitory effects of natural products on angiogenesis and metastasis and cancer suppressive effect of altering miRNA expression are provident discoveries. Angelica sinensis accelerates apoptosis by their key substances influencing factors of apoptosis pathways. Brazilin displays antitumor features by making influence on reactive oxygen species (ROS) intensity. Sargassum serratifolium, flavonoids, and so on have antimetastasis effect. Ficus carica controls miRNA that inhibits translation of certain secretory pathway proteins during the UPR. Serratia marcescens and patupilone (EPO 906) are physically assessed materials through clinical trials related to GBM progression. Consequently, our review puts emphasis on the potential of natural products in GBM treatment by regulating multiple malignant cancer-related pathway solving pending problem such as reducing toxicity and side effect.
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Lin SR, Fu YS, Tsai MJ, Cheng H, Weng CF. Natural Compounds from Herbs that can Potentially Execute as Autophagy Inducers for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071412. [PMID: 28671583 PMCID: PMC5535904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence indicates that autophagy is a response of cancer cells to various anti-cancer therapies. Autophagy is designated as programmed cell death type II, and is characterized by the formation of autophagic vacuoles in the cytoplasm. Numerous herbs, including Chinese herbs, have been applied to cancer treatments as complementary and alternative medicines, supplements, or nutraceuticals to dampen the side or adverse effects of chemotherapy drugs. Moreover, the tumor suppressive actions of herbs and natural products induced autophagy that may lead to cell senescence, increase apoptosis-independent cell death or complement apoptotic processes. Hereby, the underlying mechanisms of natural autophagy inducers are cautiously reviewed in this article. Additionally, three natural compounds—curcumin, 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide, and prodigiosin—are presented as candidates for autophagy inducers that can trigger cell death in a supplement or alternative medicine for cancer therapy. Despite recent advancements in therapeutic drugs or agents of natural products in several cancers, it warrants further investigation in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shian-Ren Lin
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, 97401 Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Yaw-Syan Fu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807 Kaohsiung city, Taiwan.
| | - May-Jywan Tsai
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 11221 Taipei, Taiwan.
- Center for Neural Regeneration, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 11221 Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Henrich Cheng
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 11221 Taipei, Taiwan.
- Center for Neural Regeneration, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 11221 Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, 97401 Hualien, Taiwan.
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Ji CC, Tang HF, Hu YY, Zhang Y, Zheng MH, Qin HY, Li SZ, Wang XY, Fei Z, Cheng G. Saponin 6 derived from Anemone taipaiensis induces U87 human malignant glioblastoma cell apoptosis via regulation of Fas and Bcl‑2 family proteins. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:380-6. [PMID: 27175997 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of brain tumor, and is associated with a poor prognosis. Saponin 6, derived from Anemone taipaiensis, exerts potent cytotoxic effects against the human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell line and the human promyelocytic leukemia HL‑60 cell line; however, the effects of saponin 6 on glioblastoma remain unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of saponin 6 on human U87 malignant glioblastoma (U87 MG) cells. The current study revealed that saponin 6 induced U87 MG cell death in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 2.83 µM after treatment for 48 h. However, saponin 6 was needed to be used at a lesser potency in HT‑22 cells, with an IC50 value of 6.24 µM. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry using Annexin V‑fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide double staining. DNA fragmentation and alterations in nuclear morphology were examined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‑mediated dUTP nick end labeling and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The present study demonstrated that treatment with saponin 6 induced cell apoptosis in U87 MG cells, and resulted in DNA fragmentation and nuclear morphological alterations typical of apoptosis. In addition, flow cytometric analysis revealed that saponin 6 was able to induce cell cycle arrest. The present study also demonstrated that saponin 6‑induced apoptosis of U87 MG cells was attributed to increases in the protein expression levels of Fas, Fas ligand, and cleaved caspase‑3, ‑8 and ‑9, and decreases in the levels of B‑cell lymphoma 2. The current study indicated that saponin 6 may exhibit selective cytotoxicity toward U87 MG cells by activating apoptosis via the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Therefore, saponin 6 derived from A. taipaiensis may possess therapeutic potential for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Feng Tang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Min-Hua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - San-Zhong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The 302nd Hospital of Chinese P.L.A., Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Guang Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Toton E, Romaniuk A, Budzianowski J, Hofmann J, Rybczynska M. Zapotin (5,6,2',6'-tetramethoxyflavone) Modulates the Crosstalk Between Autophagy and Apoptosis Pathways in Cancer Cells with Overexpressed Constitutively Active PKCϵ. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:290-304. [PMID: 26847268 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1134595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is important in the regulation of survival and death signaling pathways in cancer. PKCϵ revealed high transforming potential and the ability to increase cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Zapotin (5,6,2',6'-tetramethoxyflavone), a natural flavonoid, showed chemopreventive and anticancer properties. Previously, we reported that downmodulation of induced PKCϵ level by zapotin was associated with decreased migration and increased apoptosis in HeLa cell line containing doxycycline-inducible constitutively active PKCϵ (PKCϵA/E, Ala(159) → Glu). Depending on the genetic and environmental content of cells, autophagy may either precede apoptosis or occur simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of zapotin on autophagy. Increasing concentration of zapotin (from 7.5 µM to 30 µM) caused an inhibition of the formation of autophagosomes and a decline in microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) protein levels. The gene expression level of major negative regulator of autophagy was noticeably increased. Moreover, the expression of the pivotal autophagy genes was decreased. These changes were accompanied by alternation in autophagy-related protein levels. In conclusion, our results implied that both the antiautophagic and the proapoptosis effect of zapotin in HeLaPKCϵA/E cells are associated with the protein kinase C epsilon signaling pathway and lead to programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Toton
- a Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Aleksandra Romaniuk
- a Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Jaromir Budzianowski
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Botany , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Johann Hofmann
- c Biocenter, Division of Medical Biochemistry, Innsbruck Medical University , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Maria Rybczynska
- a Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
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13
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Yu J, Ren P, Zhong T, Wang Y, Yan M, Xue B, Li R, Dai C, Liu C, Chen G, Yu XF. Pseudolaric acid B inhibits proliferation in SW579 human thyroid squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7195-202. [PMID: 26460192 PMCID: PMC4626147 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid is a rare and aggressive type of neoplasm, which is routinely treated with surgery; however, despite this, survival time is not commonly more than six months. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of pseudolaric acid (PAB) as a therapeutic agent. PAB is an antitubulin agent, and in the present study, inhibition of the SW579 thyroid squamous cell carcinoma cell line by PAB was investigated. PAB was found to inhibit SW579 cell growth in a time- and dose-dependent manner via interference in α-tubulin polymerization. However, the inhibitory role of PAB in SW579 cells was not predominantly due to apoptosis, but was due to the cytostatic status resulting from cell cycle arrest. The present study proposes that this is the underlying mechanism of the antitumor properties of PAB. During cytostatis, autophagy was activated to sustain cell survival and SW579 cell migration was inhibited. Nuclear p53 expression was observed to be reduced, however the role of reduced p53 requires further investigation. Therefore, PAB induced cytostasis, which inhibited SW579 cell growth and therefore may function as an antitubulin therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Yu
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Peiyou Ren
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhong
- Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Yalin Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Minghui Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Bianbian Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Dai
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Acupuncture Department, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Fang Yu
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
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