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Liu FT, Wang S, Wang YP, Jiang PF, Miao JY, Zhao BX, Lin ZM. A near-infrared fluorescent probe based FRET for ratiometric sensing of H 2O 2 and viscosity in live cells. Talanta 2024; 275:126135. [PMID: 38677165 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and viscosity play vital roles in the cellular environment as signaling molecule and microenvironment parameter, respectively, and are associated with many physiological and pathological processes in biological systems. We developed a near-infrared fluorescent probe, CQ, which performed colorimetric and ratiometric detection of H2O2 and viscosity based on the FRET mechanism, and was capable of monitoring changes in viscosity and H2O2 levels simultaneously through two different channels. Based on the specific reaction of H2O2 with borate ester, CQ exhibited a significant ratiometric response to H2O2 with a large Stokes shift of 221 nm, a detection limit of 0.87 μM, a near-infrared emission wavelength of 671 nm, a response time of 1 h, a wide detection ranges of 0.87-800 μM and a high energy transfer efficiency of 99.9 %. CQ could also recognize viscosity by the TICT mechanism, and efficiently detect viscosity changes caused by food thickeners. More importantly, CQ could successfully detect endogenous/exogenous H2O2 and viscosity in live HeLa cells, which was expected to be a practical tool for detecting H2O2 and viscosity in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ting Liu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Yan-Pu Wang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Peng-Fei Jiang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Jun-Ying Miao
- Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Bao-Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
| | - Zhao-Min Lin
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, PR China.
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Tang J, Zhang K, Ni T, Xu B, Hou B, Liu X, Jiang W. Multiple fluorescence and hydrogen peroxide-responsive properties of novel triphenylamine-benzothiazole derivatives. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:4021-4031. [PMID: 37548508 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01038d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel fluorescent dye molecule - triphenylamine (TPA)-benzothiazole (BZT) - based on excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) was prepared by the Suzuki coupling reaction. The photophysical property assay indicates that BZT-TPA appeared in distinguishable colors in mixed solvents with different water contents. Moreover, BZT-TPA exhibited observable AIE behavior. On this basis, a fluorescent probe BZT-TPA-BO was synthesized for detecting H2O2. This probe molecule was found to have excellent selectivity, rapid response, and good linear relationship (R2 = 0.989) for detecting H2O2 in aqueous medium. Through DFT calculation, fluorescence spectrum, nuclear magnetic titration and HR-MS, the mechanism of recognition of H2O2 by the probe BZT-TPA-BO is proposed. In addition, the probe BZT-TPA-BO to some extent exhibited better performance for detecting exogenous H2O2 in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Tang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P. R. China.
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Sichuan Institute of High Education, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P. R. China
| | - Tong Ni
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Sichuan Institute of High Education, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P. R. China
| | - Binjie Hou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Sichuan Institute of High Education, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Sichuan Institute of High Education, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis of Sichuan Institute of High Education, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P. R. China
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3
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Truong NV, Phan TTT, Hsu TS, Phu Duc P, Lin LY, Wu WG. Action mechanism of snake venom l-amino acid oxidase and its double-edged sword effect on cancer treatment: Role of pannexin 1-mediated interleukin-6 expression. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102791. [PMID: 37385076 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Snake venom l-amino acid oxidases (svLAAOs) have been recognized as promising candidates for anticancer therapeutics. However, multiple aspects of their catalytic mechanism and the overall responses of cancer cells to these redox enzymes remain ambiguous. Here, we present an analysis of the phylogenetic relationships and active site-related residues among svLAAOs and reveal that the previously proposed critical catalytic residue His 223 is highly conserved in the viperid but not the elapid svLAAO clade. To gain further insight into the action mechanism of the elapid svLAAOs, we purify and characterize the structural, biochemical, and anticancer therapeutic potentials of the Thailand elapid snake Naja kaouthia LAAO (NK-LAAO). We find that NK-LAAO, with Ser 223, exhibits high catalytic activity toward hydrophobic l-amino acid substrates. Moreover, NK-LAAO induces substantial oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity with the magnitude relying on both the levels of extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during the enzymatic redox reactions, but not being influenced by the N-linked glycans on its surface. Unexpectedly, we discover a tolerant mechanism deployed by cancer cells to dampen the anticancer activities of NK-LAAO. NK-LAAO treatment amplifies interleukin (IL)-6 expression via the pannexin 1 (Panx1)-directed intracellular calcium (iCa2+) signaling pathway to confer adaptive and aggressive phenotypes on cancer cells. Accordingly, IL-6 silencing renders cancer cells vulnerable to NK-LAAO-induced oxidative stress together with abrogating NK-LAAO-stimulated metastatic acquisition. Collectively, our study urges caution when using svLAAOs in cancer treatment and identifies the Panx1/iCa2+/IL-6 axis as a therapeutic target for improving the effectiveness of svLAAOs-based anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam V Truong
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Trinh T T Phan
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Sheng Hsu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Phan Phu Duc
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lih-Yuan Lin
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Wen-Guey Wu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC.
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4
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Zhao K, Xie R, Zhou Z, Chen S, Zhu X, Wu C, Zhang Y, Li H. A turn-on NIR fluorescent probe for risk-assessing oxidative stress in cabbage roots under abiotic stress. Talanta 2023; 258:124402. [PMID: 36898308 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is closely related to the crop health status under stress conditions. H2O2 is an important signaling molecule in plants under stress. Therefore, monitoring H2O2 fluctuations is of great significance when risk-assessing oxidative stress. However, few fluorescent probes have been reported for the in situ tracking of H2O2 fluctuations in crops. Herein, we designed a "turn-on" NIR fluorescent probe (DRP-B) to detect and in situ-image H2O2 in living cells and crops. DRP-B exhibited good detection performance for H2O2 and could image endogenous H2O2 in living cells. More importantly, it could semi-quantitatively visualize H2O2 in cabbage roots under abiotic stress. Visualization of H2O2 in cabbage roots revealed H2O2 upregulation in response to adverse environments (metals, flood, and drought). This study provides a new method for risk-assessing oxidative stress in plants under abiotic stress and is expected to provide guidance for the development of new antioxidant defense strategies to enhance plant resistance and crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuicheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Ruihua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Zile Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Shiying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Cuiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Youyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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Phukan K, Sarma RR, Dash S, Devi R, Chowdhury D. Carbon dot based nucleus targeted fluorescence imaging and detection of nuclear hydrogen peroxide in living cells. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 4:138-149. [PMID: 36132963 PMCID: PMC9416979 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00617g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the intracellular generation of H2O2, one of the most important reactive oxygen species (ROS), is crucial for preventing various diseases since it is closely linked with different physiological and complex cell signaling pathways. Despite the development of various fluorescent probes, the majority of the fluorescent probes cannot move across the nuclear membrane. However, detection of the nuclear level of H2O2 is very important since it can directly cause oxidative DNA damage which ultimately leads to various diseases. Therefore, in this study, p-phenylenediamine based carbon quantum dots (B-PPD CDs) have been synthesized and integrated with 4-formylbenzeneboronic acid as a doping agent for the detection of H2O2. The detection mechanism showed that, upon exposure to H2O2, the fluorescence of the B-PPD CDs was immediately quenched. Further investigation has been done in the in vitro RAW 264.7 cell line by both exogenous and endogenous exposure of H2O2 to demonstrate the feasibility of the method. It is shown successfully that the exogenous presence and endogenous generation of H2O2 in RAW 264.7 cells can be detected using B-PPD CDs. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 0.242 μM. The development of such imaging probes using carbon quantum dots will lead to live-cell imaging as well as ROS detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabyashree Phukan
- Material Nanochemistry Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division India +91 3612270095
| | - Ritwick Ranjan Sarma
- Material Nanochemistry Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division India +91 3612270095
| | - Somarani Dash
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk Guwahati-781035 India
| | - Rajlakshmi Devi
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk Guwahati-781035 India
| | - Devasish Chowdhury
- Material Nanochemistry Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division India +91 3612270095
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Jariyamana N, Chuveera P, Dewi A, Leelapornpisid W, Ittichaicharoen J, Chattipakorn S, Srisuwan T. Effects of N-acetyl cysteine on mitochondrial ROS, mitochondrial dynamics, and inflammation on lipopolysaccharide-treated human apical papilla cells. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:3919-3928. [PMID: 33404763 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC), a well-known antioxidant molecule, has been used to modulate oxidative stress and inflammation. However, no studies have examined the effect of NAC in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NAC on cell survival, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production, and inflammatory and mitochondria-related gene expression on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated apical papilla cells (APCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess the NAC concentration, 5 and 10 mM NAC were administered to LPS-treated APCs. Cell proliferation was measured at 24, 48, and 72 h by using AlamarBlue® assay. The 5-mM concentration was further analyzed using different treatment durations: 10 min, 24 h, and the entire study period. The mtROS production was quantified using MitoSOX™ Red and MitoTracker™ Green. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α inflammatory genes and mitochondrial morphology-related genes (Mfn-2/Drp-1 and Bcl-2/Bax) at 6 and 24 h. The statistical significance level was set at 0.05. RESULTS Five-millimolar NAC promoted the highest LPS-treated APC proliferation. The use of 24-h NAC stimulated cell proliferation, whereas the entire-period NAC application (> 48 h) significantly reduced the cell number. The mtROS levels were slightly altered after NAC induction. Ten-minute NAC treatment downregulated the IL-6 and TNF-α expression, whereas the expression of Bcl-2/Bax and Mfn-2/Drp-1 ratios was upregulated at 6 h. CONCLUSIONS Under the LPS-induced inflammatory condition, NAC stimulated APC survival and decreased inflammation. Ten-minute NAC treatment was sufficient to reduce the level of inflammation and maintain the mitochondrial dynamics. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ten-minute NAC application is sufficient to reduce the level of inflammation and maintain the mitochondrial dynamics. Therefore, NAC may be considered as a potential adjunctive irrigation solution in REPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutcha Jariyamana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Patchanee Chuveera
- Department of Family and Community Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anat Dewi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Warat Leelapornpisid
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Jitjiroj Ittichaicharoen
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chattipakorn
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Tanida Srisuwan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Graceffa V. Therapeutic Potential of Reactive Oxygen Species: State of the Art and Recent Advances. SLAS Technol 2020; 26:140-158. [PMID: 33345675 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320977450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, several studies have proven that when at low concentration reactive oxygen species (ROS) show an adaptive beneficial effect and posited the idea that they can be utilized as inexpensive and convenient inducers of tissue regeneration. On the other hand, the recent discovery that cancer cells are more sensitive to oxidative damage paved the way for their use in the selective killing of tumor cells, and sensors to monitor ROS production during cancer treatment are under extensive investigation. Nevertheless, although ROS-activated signaling pathways are well established, less is known about the mechanisms underlying the switch from an anabolic to a cytotoxic response. Furthermore, a high variability in biological response is observed between different modalities of administration, cell types, donor ages, eventual concomitant diseases, and external microenvironment. On the other hand, available preclinical studies are scarce, whereas the quest for the most suitable systems for in vivo delivery is still elusive. Furthermore, new strategies to control the temporal pattern of ROS release need to be developed, if considering their tumorigenic potential. This review initially discusses ROS mechanisms of action and their potential application in stem cell biology, tissue engineering, and cancer therapy. It then outlines the state of art of ROS-based drugs and identifies challenges faced in translating ROS research into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Graceffa
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group (CHAT), Institute of Technology Sligo, Bellanode, Sligo, Ireland.,Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology Sligo, Bellanode, Sligo, Ireland
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8
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Hahner F, Moll F, Schröder K. NADPH oxidases in the differentiation of endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:262-268. [PMID: 31393561 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of stem cells into endothelial cells involves the modulation of highly interconnected metabolic and epigenetic processes. Therefore, the differentiation of endothelial cells is a tightly controlled process, which is adjusted at multiple levels, meaning that even the smallest variation can result in major consequences. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) represent a group of second messengers that can interfere with both metabolic and epigenetic processes. Besides their generation by mitochondria, ROS are produced in a controlled manner by the family of NADPH oxidases. The different members of the NADPH oxidase family produce superoxide anions or hydrogen peroxide. Due to the specific sub-cellular localization of the different NADPH oxidases, ROS are produced at diverse sites in the cell, such as the plasma membrane or the endoplasmic reticulum. Once produced, ROS interfere with proteins, lipids, and DNA to modulate intracellular signal cascades. Accordingly, ROS represent a group of readily available and specifically localized modulators of the highly sophisticated signalling network that eventually leads to the differentiation of stem cells into endothelial cells. This review focuses on the role of NADPH oxidases in the differentiation of stem cells into endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Hahner
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Franziska Moll
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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9
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A novel colorimetric and near-infrared fluorescence probe for detecting and imaging exogenous and endogenous hydrogen peroxide in living cells. Talanta 2020; 217:121000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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10
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Zhang J, Cui Y, Li X, Xiao Y, Liu L, Jia F, He J, Xie X, Parthasarathy S, Hao H, Fang N. 5F peptide promotes endothelial differentiation of bone marrow stem cells through activation of ERK1/2 signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 876:173051. [PMID: 32145325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) mimetic peptide 5F exhibits anti-atherosclerotic ability with largely unknown mechanism(s). Bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a critical role in vascular integrity and function. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 5F on endothelial differentiation of BM stem cells and related mechanisms. Murine BM multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) were induced to differentiate into endothelial cells in vitro with or without 5F. The expression of endothelial markers vWF, Flk-1 and CD31 was significantly increased in the cells treated with 5F with enhanced in vitro vascular tube formation and LDL uptake without significant changes on proliferation and stem cell maker Oct-4 expression. Phosphorylated ERK1/2, not Akt, was significantly increased in 5F-treated cells. Treatment of MAPCs with PD98059 or small interfering RNA against ERK2 substantially attenuated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and effectively prevented 5F-induced enhancement of endothelial differentiation of MAPCs. In vivo studies revealed that 5F increased EPCs number in the BM in mice after acute hindlimb ischemia that was effectively prevented with PD98059 treatment. These data supported the conclusion that 5F promoted endothelial differentiation of MAPCs through activation of ERK1/2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200127, China; Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuqi Cui
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lingjuan Liu
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Fengpeng Jia
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jianfeng He
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sampath Parthasarathy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, USA
| | - Hong Hao
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ningyuan Fang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Lopes-Coelho F, Silva F, Gouveia-Fernandes S, Martins C, Lopes N, Domingues G, Brito C, Almeida AM, Pereira SA, Serpa J. Monocytes as Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs), Another Brick in the Wall to Disentangle Tumor Angiogenesis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010107. [PMID: 31906296 PMCID: PMC7016533 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow contains endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) that, upon pro-angiogenic stimuli, migrate and differentiate into endothelial cells (ECs) and contribute to re-endothelialization and neo-vascularization. There are currently no reliable markers to characterize EPCs, leading to their inaccurate identification. In the past, we showed that, in a panel of tumors, some cells on the vessel wall co-expressed CD14 (monocytic marker) and CD31 (EC marker), indicating a putative differentiation route of monocytes into ECs. Herein, we disclosed monocytes as potential EPCs, using in vitro and in vivo models, and also addressed the cancer context. Monocytes acquired the capacity to express ECs markers and were able to be incorporated into blood vessels, contributing to cancer progression, by being incorporated in tumor neo-vasculature. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) push monocytes to EC differentiation, and this phenotype is reverted by cysteine (a scavenger and precursor of glutathione), which indicates that angiogenesis is controlled by the interplay between the oxidative stress and the scavenging capacity of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Lopes-Coelho
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.L.-C.); (F.S.); (S.G.-F.); (G.D.); (S.A.P.)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Fernanda Silva
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.L.-C.); (F.S.); (S.G.-F.); (G.D.); (S.A.P.)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Sofia Gouveia-Fernandes
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.L.-C.); (F.S.); (S.G.-F.); (G.D.); (S.A.P.)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Carmo Martins
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Nuno Lopes
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (N.L.); (C.B.)
| | - Germana Domingues
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.L.-C.); (F.S.); (S.G.-F.); (G.D.); (S.A.P.)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Catarina Brito
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (N.L.); (C.B.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - António M Almeida
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.M.A.)
- Hospital da Luz, Av. Lusíada 100, 1500-650 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia A Pereira
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.L.-C.); (F.S.); (S.G.-F.); (G.D.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.L.-C.); (F.S.); (S.G.-F.); (G.D.); (S.A.P.)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +350-217-229-800; Fax: +351-217-248-756
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12
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Stimuli-chromism of photoswitches in smart polymers: Recent advances and applications as chemosensors. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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A NIR fluorescent sensor with large Stokes shift for the real-time visualization of endogenous hydrogen peroxide in living cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Hu C, Zhao L, Peng C, Li L. Regulation of the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species: Strategies to control mesenchymal stem cell fates ex vivo and in vivo. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5196-5207. [PMID: 30160351 PMCID: PMC6201215 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are broadly used in cell‐based regenerative medicine because of their self‐renewal and multilineage potencies in vitro and in vivo. To ensure sufficient amounts of MSCs for therapeutic purposes, cells are generally cultured in vitro for long‐term expansion or specific terminal differentiation until cell transplantation. Although physiologically up‐regulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is essential for maintenance of stem cell activities, abnormally high levels of ROS can harm MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, additional elucidation of the mechanisms by which physiological and pathological ROS are generated is necessary to better direct MSC fates and improve their therapeutic effects by controlling external ROS levels. In this review, we focus on the currently revealed ROS generation mechanisms and the regulatory routes for controlling their rates of proliferation, survival, senescence, apoptosis, and differentiation. A promising strategy in future regenerative medicine involves regulating ROS generation via various means to augment the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, thus improving the prognosis of patients with terminal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingfei Zhao
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Conggao Peng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Abdulle AE, Diercks GFH, Feelisch M, Mulder DJ, van Goor H. The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Development of Systemic Sclerosis Related Vasculopathy. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1177. [PMID: 30197602 PMCID: PMC6117399 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disease characterized by autoimmunity, vasculopathy, and progressive fibrosis typically affecting multiple organs including the skin. SSc often is a lethal disorder, because effective disease-modifying treatment still remains unavailable. Vasculopathy with endothelial dysfunction, perivascular infiltration of mononuclear cells, vascular wall remodeling and rarefaction of capillaries is the hallmark of the disease. Most patients present with vasospastic attacks of the digital arteries referred to as 'Raynaud's phenomenon,' which is often an indication of an underlying widespread vasculopathy. Although autoimmune responses and inflammation are both found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of this vasculopathy, no definite initiating factors have been identified. Recently, several studies have underlined the potential role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of SSc vasculopathy thereby proposing a new aspect in the pathogenesis of this disease. For instance, circulating levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) related markers have been found to correlate with SSc vasculopathy, the formation of fibrosis and the production of autoantibodies. Excess ROS formation is well-known to lead to endothelial cell (EC) injury and vascular complications. Collectively, these findings suggest a potential role of ROS in the initiation and progression of SSc vasculopathy. In this review, we present the background of oxidative stress related processes (e.g., EC injury, autoimmunity, inflammation, and vascular wall remodeling) that may contribute to SSc vasculopathy. Finally, we describe the use of oxidative stress related read-outs as clinical biomarkers of disease activity and evaluate potential anti-oxidative strategies in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaal E. Abdulle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gilles F. H. Diercks
- Section Pathology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Douwe J. Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Section Pathology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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16
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Rogalska A, Gajek A, Łukawska M, Oszczapowicz I, Marczak A. Novel oxazolinoanthracyclines as tumor cell growth inhibitors-Contribution of autophagy and apoptosis in solid tumor cells death. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201296. [PMID: 30040861 PMCID: PMC6057680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical modification of known, effective drugs are one method to improve the chemotherapy of tumors. We reported ability of oxazoline analogs of doxorubicin (O-DOX) and daunorubicin (O-DAU) to induce apoptosis and autophagy in ovarian and liver cancer cells. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively), together with intracellular calcium-mediated downstream signaling, are essential for the anticancer effect of these new anthracycline analogs. The changes of mitochondrial membrane potential and induction of the ceramide pathway suggests that these compounds induce cell death by apoptosis. In addition, a significant increase of autophagosome formation was observed by fluorescence assay and acridine orange staining, indicating that the new analogs also induce autophagic cell death. Compared to free DOX- and DAU-treated cells, we observed inhibition of colony formation and migration, a time-dependency between ROS/RNS levels and a greater fall in mitochondrial membrane potential. Altogether, our research broadens the base of molecular oxazolinoanthracyclines targets and reveals that derivatives mediated oxidative stress, ceramide production and increase in intracellular calcium level by mitochondria. Furthermore, our data highlight the importance of mitochondria that simultaneously assume the role of activator of autophagy and apoptosis signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Rogalska
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Gajek
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Łukawska
- Department of Modified Antibiotics, Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Oszczapowicz
- Department of Modified Antibiotics, Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marczak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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17
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Elmansi A, El-Karef A, Shishtawy M, Eissa L. Hepatoprotective Effect of Curcumin on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Autophagic and Apoptic Pathways. Ann Hepatol 2018; 16:607-618. [PMID: 28611265 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3-II), and Sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1) are proteins that can be used as markers for autophagic pathway. Bcl-2 protein is reported to be inversely correlated with apoptosis. We aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin on liver inflammation and fibrosis up to the first dysplastic stage of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by Thioacetamide (TAA) in rats and to clarify the effects of curcumin on LC3-II, SQSTM1, and Bcl-2. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups: Control group, TAA group, Curcumin low-dose group, and Curcumin highdose group. The last three groups received TAA 200 mg/kg i.p. twice weekly for 18 weeks. Oxidative stress markers as hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured by colorimetric methods. Hepatic SQSTM1 concentration was measured by ELISA, and gene expression levels of Bcl-2, and LC3-II were measured by RT-PCR.We also investigated the in vitro effect of curcumin on HepG2 cells viability through MTT assay, and the involvement of autophagy in this effect. RESULTS Curcumin increased the survival percent in rats, decreased -fetoprotein (AFP) concentration, and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, and increased serum albumin concentration. Curcumin also significantly reduced oxidative stress in liver, inhibited apoptosis, and induced autophagy. In vitro, curcumin (50 µM) decreased HepG2 cells viabilityand the concentration of SQSTM1. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin leads to protection against TAA induced HCC up to the first dysplastic stage through activating autophagic pathway and inhibiting apoptosis. Also, the antioxidant activity of curcumin almost prevents liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elmansi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amro El-Karef
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh Shishtawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Laila Eissa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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18
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Martacic J, Filipovic MK, Borozan S, Cvetkovic Z, Popovic T, Arsic A, Takic M, Vucic V, Glibetic M. N-acetyl-L-cysteine protects dental tissue stem cells against oxidative stress in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:2897-2903. [PMID: 29450735 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to investigate whether N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) could protect stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) against oxidative damage, during in vitro cultivation, to preserve regenerative potential of these cells. Accordingly, we examined the potential of cell culture supplementation with NAC in prevention of lipid peroxidation, unfavorable changes of total lipids fatty acid composition, and the effects on the activity of antioxidant enzymes. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed the extent of oxidative damage in SHED after 48 h treatment with different NAC concentrations. Cellular lipid peroxidation was determined upon reaction with thiobarbituric acid. All enzyme activities were measured spectrophotometrically, based on published methods. Fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. RESULTS Concentration of 0.1 mM NAC showed the most profound effects on SHED, significantly decreasing levels of lipid peroxidation in comparison to control. This dose also diminished the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, NAC treatment significantly changed fatty acid composition of cells, reducing levels of oleic acid and monounsaturated fatty acids and increasing linoleic acid, n-6, and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) proportions. CONCLUSION Low dose of NAC significantly decreased lipid peroxidation and altered fatty acid composition towards increasing PUFA. The reduced oxidative damage of cellular lipids could be strongly related to improved SHED survival in vitro. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Low doses of antioxidants, applied during stem cells culturing and maintenance, could improve cellular characteristics in vitro. This is prerequisite for successful use of stem cells in various clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Martacic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Milica Kovacevic Filipovic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Suncica Borozan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar oslobodjenja 18, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Zorica Cvetkovic
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Vukova 9, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Tamara Popovic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Arsic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Marija Takic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Vesna Vucic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Maria Glibetic
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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19
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Lu Y, Shi X, Fan W, Black CA, Lu Z, Fan C. A fast-response two-photon fluorescent probe for imaging endogenous H 2O 2 in living cells and tissues. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 190:353-359. [PMID: 28946080 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As a second messenger, hydrogen peroxide plays significant roles in numerous physiological and pathological processes and is related to various diseases including inflammatory disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. Two-photon (TP) fluorescent probes reported for the detection of endogenous H2O2 are rare and most have drawbacks such as slow response and low sensitivity. In this report, we demonstrate a simple H2O2-specific TP fluorescent probe (TX-HP) containing a two-photon dye 6-hydroxy-2,3,4,4a-tetrahydro-1H-xanthen-1-one (TX) on the modulation of the ICT process. The probe exhibits a rapid fluorescent response to H2O2 in 9min with both high sensitivity and selectivity. The probe can detect exogenous H2O2 in living cells. Furthermore, the probe is successfully utilized for imaging H2O2 in liver tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xiaomin Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Wenlong Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Cory A Black
- BDG Synthesis, PO Box 38627, Wellington Mail Centre, Wellington 5045, New Zealand
| | - Zhengliang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Chunhua Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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20
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Lee C, Minich A, Li B, Miyake H, Seo S, Pierro A. Influence of stress factors on intestinal epithelial injury and regeneration. Pediatr Surg Int 2018; 34:155-160. [PMID: 29018960 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-017-4183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lgr5+ intestinal epithelial stem cells (ISCs) crucial for intestinal epithelial regeneration are impaired during necrotizing enterocolitis. This study aims to investigate the influence of different stressors on intestinal epithelial injury and regeneration in vitro. METHODS Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-18) were exposed to stressors such as lipopolysaccharide, hydrogen peroxide, and serum. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay at 18 and 24 h. IL-6 and Lgr5 gene expressions were measured using qPCR. RESULTS IEC-18 cell viability decreased 18 h following administration of lipopolysaccharide, hydrogen peroxide, and low serum concentration. However, after 24 h, the decrease in cell viability was observed only in higher, but not in lower concentrations of lipopolysaccharide and hydrogen peroxide. IL-6 expression increased in all groups compared to control. Lgr5 expression was up-regulated in cells exposed to a single stressor, but down-regulated when multiple stressors were administered. CONCLUSION Lipopolysaccharide, hydrogen peroxide, or low serum induced IEC-18 injury. The upregulation of Lgr5 expression after exposure to a single stressor suggests that minor injury to IEC-18 induces Lgr5+ ISCs to stimulate repair. Conversely, when IEC-18 cells were exposed to multiple stressors, Lgr5 expression was reduced. We speculate that this finding is similar to what happens in NEC when multiple stressors cause impairment of intestinal epithelium regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Lee
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Program of Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 1526-555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Adam Minich
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Program of Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 1526-555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Bo Li
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Program of Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 1526-555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Hiromu Miyake
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Program of Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 1526-555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Shogo Seo
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Program of Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 1526-555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Agostino Pierro
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Program of Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 1526-555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
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21
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Echeverri-Ruiz N, Haynes T, Landers J, Woods J, Gemma MJ, Hughes M, Del Rio-Tsonis K. A biochemical basis for induction of retina regeneration by antioxidants. Dev Biol 2017; 433:394-403. [PMID: 29291983 PMCID: PMC5753421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of antioxidants in tissue regeneration has been studied, but their mechanism of action is not well understood. Here, we analyze the role of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in retina regeneration. Embryonic chicks are able to regenerate their retina after its complete removal from retinal stem/progenitor cells present in the ciliary margin (CM) of the eye only if a source of exogenous factors, such as FGF2, is present. This study shows that NAC modifies the redox status of the CM, initiates self-renewal of the stem/progenitor cells, and induces regeneration in the absence of FGF2. NAC works as an antioxidant by scavenging free radicals either independently or through the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), and/or by reducing oxidized proteins through a thiol disulfide exchange activity. We dissected the mechanism used by NAC to induce regeneration through the use of inhibitors of GSH synthesis and the use of other antioxidants with different biochemical structures and modes of action, and found that NAC induces regeneration through its thiol disulfide exchange activity. Thus, our results provide, for the first time, a biochemical basis for induction of retina regeneration. Furthermore, NAC induction was independent of FGF receptor signaling, but dependent on the MAPK (pErk1/2) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Echeverri-Ruiz
- Department of Biology and Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University (CVSMU), Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Tracy Haynes
- Department of Biology and Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University (CVSMU), Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Joseph Landers
- Department of Biology and Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University (CVSMU), Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Justin Woods
- Department of Biology and Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University (CVSMU), Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Michael J Gemma
- Department of Biology and Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University (CVSMU), Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Michael Hughes
- Department of Statistics and Statistical Consulting Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Katia Del Rio-Tsonis
- Department of Biology and Center for Visual Sciences at Miami University (CVSMU), Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
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22
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Yu G, Liang Y, Zheng S, Zhang H. Inhibition of Myeloperoxidase by N-Acetyl Lysyltyrosylcysteine Amide Reduces Oxidative Stress–Mediated Inflammation, Neuronal Damage, and Neural Stem Cell Injury in a Murine Model of Stroke. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 364:311-322. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.245688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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23
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Wang X, Gao J, Wang Y, Zhao B, Zhang Y, Han F, Zheng Z, Hu D. Curcumin pretreatment prevents hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress through enhanced mitochondrial function and deactivation of Akt/Erk signaling pathways in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 443:37-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Suppression of a cancer stem-like phenotype mediated by alpha-lipoic acid in human lung cancer cells through down-regulation of β-catenin and Oct-4. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2017; 40:497-510. [PMID: 28677037 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-017-0339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer stem cells (CSCs) that possess the ability of self-renewal and multi-potency have been shown to drive tumor progression and metastasis. The majority of recent studies has focused on potential molecules targeting CSCs so as to develop novel strategies for efficient cancer treatment or protection. Here, we show how alpha-lipoic acid (LA), an endogenous mitochondrial anti-oxidant, affects the CSC-like phenotypes of human non-small cell lung cancer-derived H23, H292 and H460 cells. METHODS CSC-like phenotypes were verified by anchorage-independent growth, three-dimensional (3D) spheroid formation and the expression of CSC markers. Enriched CSC populations were used to confirm the effects of LA. Protein ubiquitination and degradation were assessed using immunoprecipitation. RESULTS We found that treatment with LA reduced the CSC-like phenotype, as indicated by a decreased expression of known CSC markers (CD133, CD44, ALDH1A1, Oct-4 and Nanog) in H460 cells. In addition, we found that LA reduced the CSC-related abilities of anchorage-independent growth and 3D spheroid formation, and suppressed factors related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, such as E-cadherin, Vimentin, Slug and Snail. Mechanistically, we found that LA suppresses CSC through depletion of the cellular stemness proteins β-catenin and Oct-4 via decreasing the level of active (phosphorylated) Akt. This resulted in the induction of GSK3β-dependent β-catenin ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation and a decrease in the stabilized (phosphorylated) form of Oct-4. The effects of LA on the CSC-like phenotypes were confirmed in CSC enriched H460, H292 and H23 non-small cell lung cancer-derived cells. CONCLUSION Our data are indicative for a novel regulatory role and underlying mechanism of LA in the negative regulation of a CSC-like phenotype in non-small cell lung cancer-derived cells.
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25
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Mehrzadi S, Safa M, Kamrava SK, Darabi R, Hayat P, Motevalian M. Protective mechanisms of melatonin against hydrogen-peroxide-induced toxicity in human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 95:773-786. [PMID: 28177678 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Many obstacles compromise the efficacy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) by inducing apoptosis in the grafted BM-MSCs. The current study investigates the effect of melatonin on important mediators involved in survival of BM-MSCs in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) apoptosis model. In brief, BM-MSCs were isolated, treated with melatonin, and then exposed to H2O2. Their viability was assessed by MTT assay and apoptotic fractions were evaluated through Annexin V, Hoechst staining, and ADP/ATP ratio. Oxidative stress biomarkers including ROS, total antioxidant power (TAP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, glutathione (GSH), thiol molecules, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were determined. Secretion of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) were measured by ELISA assay. The protein expression of caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2, was also evaluated by Western blotting. Melatonin pretreatment significantly increased viability and decreased apoptotic fraction of H2O2-exposed BM-MSCs. Melatonin also decreased ROS generation, as well as increasing the activity of SOD and CAT enzymes and GSH content. Secretion of inflammatory cytokines in H2O2-exposed cells was also reduced by melatonin. Expression of caspase-3 and Bax proteins in H2O2-exposed cells was diminished by melatonin pretreatment. The findings suggest that melatonin may be an effective protective agent against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mehrzadi
- a Razi Drug Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Safa
- b Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,c Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Kamran Kamrava
- d ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, Hazrate Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Radbod Darabi
- e Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Parisa Hayat
- b Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijeh Motevalian
- a Razi Drug Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Li K, Xie Y, You M, Huang L, Zheng X. Cerium Oxide-Incorporated Calcium Silicate Coating Protects MC3T3-E1 Osteoblastic Cells from H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:198-207. [PMID: 27038622 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress regulates cellular functions in multiple pathological conditions, including bone formation by osteoblastic cells. In this work, the protective effects of cerium oxide (CeO2)-incorporated calcium silicate (CeO2-CS) coating on the response of osteoblasts to H2O2-induced oxidative stress and the related mechanism were examined. CeO2 incorporation significantly improved osteoblast viability and reduced cell apoptosis caused by H2O2 when compared with the control. H2O2-induced reduction of differentiation marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was recovered in the presence of the CeO2-CS coating. The above effects were mediated by the antioxidant effect of CeO2. The CeO2-CS coating immersed in 0.1 mM H2O2 aqueous solution was able to degrade 64 % of it in 1 week. In addition, CeO2 incorporation decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and suppressed malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in H2O2-treated osteoblasts. Taken together, CeO2-CS biomedical coatings with antioxidant property would be promising for bone regeneration under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Youtao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Mingyu You
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Liping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Xuebin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, China.
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Li K, Xie Y, You M, Huang L, Zheng X. Plasma sprayed cerium oxide coating inhibits H2O2-induced oxidative stress and supports cell viability. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:100. [PMID: 27091042 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5710-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a risk factor in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, and plays a major role in bone regeneration of osteoporotic patients. Cerium oxide (CeO2) ceramics have the unique ability to protect various types of cells from oxidative damage, making them attractive for biomedical applications. In this study, we developed a plasma sprayed CeO2 coating with a hierarchical topography where ceria nanoparticles were superimposed in the micro-rough coating surface. The protective effects of the CeO2 coating on the response of osteoblasts to H2O2-induced oxidative stress have been demonstrated in terms of cell viability, apoptosis and differentiation. The CeO2 coating reversed the reduced superoxide dismutase activity, decreased reactive oxygen species production and suppressed malondialdehyde formation in H2O2-treated osteoblasts. It indicated that the CeO2 coating can preserve the intracellular antioxidant defense system. The cytocompatibility of the CeO2 coating was further assessed in vitro by cell viability assay and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Taken together, the CeO2 coating could provide an opportunity to be utilized as a potential candidate for bone regeneration under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Youtao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu You
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, People's Republic of China.
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Liu J, Ren J, Bao X, Gao W, Wu C, Zhao Y. pH-Switchable Fluorescent Probe for Spatially-Confined Visualization of Intracellular Hydrogen Peroxide. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5865-70. [PMID: 27150722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular H2O2 plays an important role in regulating a variety of cellular functions. Fluorescent probes that can make response to intracellular levels of H2O2 would provide valuable tools for revealing the functions of H2O2 in living organisms. However, traditional pH-insensitive probes and lysosome-targetable probes can only provide spatially nonspecific visualization of intracellular H2O2 and specific sensing of lysosomal H2O2, respectively. In this work, we developed a H2O2-responsive and pH-switchable fluorescent probe (HP-L1) which can make response sequentially to intracellular H2O2 and lysosomal pH. The fluorescent probe is comprised of a H2O2-responsive boronate moiety and a pH-switchable spirobenzopyran fluorophore. When the probe was applied for intracellular H2O2 sensing, only fluorescent emission from lysosomes is visible, and the fluorescence from other regions is not able to be obviously detected, which is due to the pH-switchable property of the spirobenzopyran fluorophore. Thus, the developed fluorescence probe enables the spatially confined (i.e., lysosome-specific) visualization of the intracellular H2O2. We envisioned that this kind of fluorescent probe (or the proposed sensing strategy) would allow the visualization of the overall levels of intracellular H2O2 without interferences of possible fluorescent signals from other sources (e.g., dyes for cellular staining and multiplex analysis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jing Ren
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojia Bao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Chuanliu Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yibing Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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ROS activates JNK-mediated autophagy to counteract apoptosis in mouse mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:1473-9. [PMID: 26592514 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of diabetic erectile dysfunction (ED) is hampered by apoptosis of the transplanted cells. In diabetic ED, there is increased oxidative stress and decreased NO in the corpora cavernosa, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce apoptosis of the transplanted cells. In this study we examined whether and how autophagy was involved in ROS-induced apoptosis of MSCs. METHODS Mouse C3H10 MSCs were treated with H2O2 to simulate the high oxidative condition in diabetic ED. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins were detected with Western blot assays. Intracellular autophagosome accumulation was studied using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Treatment of MSCs with H2O2 (50-400 μmol/L) inhibited the cell viability in concentration- and time-dependent manners. Furthermore, H2O2 (300 μmol/L) induced apoptosis, as well as activated autophagy in MSCs. Pretreatment with lysosome inhibitor chloroquine (10 μmol/L) or PI3K inhibitor 3-methyladenine (5 mmol/L) significantly enhanced H2O2-induced cell death. Pretreatment with JNK inhibitor SP600125 (10 μmol/L) abrogated H2O2-induced accumulation of LC3-II, and attenuated H2O2-induced reduction of Bcl-2 levels in MSCs. CONCLUSION ROS induce autophagy to counteract apoptosis in MSCs by activation of JNK. Thus, augmentation of autophagy may reduce apoptosis, prolonging MSC survival and improving MSC-based therapeutic efficacy for diabetic ED.
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