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Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Protects the Kidney from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing the I κB α/NF- κB/IL-17C Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:2264030. [PMID: 36865346 PMCID: PMC9974261 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2264030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an important cause of delayed functional recovery after transplantation. This study is aimed at investigating the molecular mechanism of ALDH2 in a kidney ischemia-reperfusion model based on RNA-seq. Methods We performed kidney ischemia-reperfusion in ALDH2-/- and WT mice and evaluated kidney function and morphology using SCr, HE staining, TUNEL staining, and TEM. We used RNA-seq to compare mRNA expression in ALDH2-/- and WT mice after IR, and then, we verified the related molecular pathways by PCR and western blotting. In addition, activators and inhibitors of ALDH2 were used to alter the activity of ALDH2. Finally, we established a model of hypoxia and reoxygenation in HK-2 cells and clarified the role of ALDH2 in IR by interfering with ALDH2 and using an NF-κB inhibitor. Results After kidney ischemia-reperfusion, the SCr value increased significantly, kidney tubular epithelial cells were damaged, and the apoptosis rate increased. In the microstructure, mitochondria were swollen and deformed, and ALDH2 deficiency aggravated these changes. The NF-κB pathway and IL-17 pathway were significantly enriched in ALDH2-/- mice compared with WT mice according to KEGG enrichment analysis of the RNA-seq data. The PCR results showed that the mRNA expression levels of IκBα and IL-17B, C, D, E, and F were significantly higher than those in the WT-IR group. Western blot verification results showed that ALHD2 knockdown resulted in increased phosphorylation of IκBα, increased phosphorylation of NF-κB, and increased expression of IL-17C. When we used ALDH2 agonists, the number of lesions and the expression levels of the corresponding proteins were reduced. Knockdown of ALDH2 in HK-2 cells resulted in a higher proportion of apoptotic cells after hypoxia and reoxygenation, but inhibiting the phosphorylation of NF-κB prevented the increase in apoptosis and reduced the protein expression level of IL-17C. Conclusion ALDH2 deficiency can lead to the aggravation of kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury. RNA-seq analysis and validation by PCR and western blotting revealed that this effect may be due to the promotion of IκBα/NF-κB p65 phosphorylation during ischemia-reperfusion caused by ALDH2 deficiency, which then leads to an increase in inflammatory factors, including IL-17C. Thus, cell death is promoted, and kidney IRI is eventually aggravated. We link ALDH2 deficiency with inflammation, revealing a new idea for ALDH2-related research.
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Fujii K, Kubo A, Miyashita K, Sato M, Hagiwara A, Inoue H, Ryuzaki M, Tamaki M, Hishiki T, Hayakawa N, Kabe Y, Itoh H, Suematsu M. Xanthine oxidase inhibitor ameliorates postischemic renal injury in mice by promoting resynthesis of adenine nucleotides. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124816. [PMID: 31723053 PMCID: PMC6948864 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although oxidative stress plays central roles in postischemic renal injury, region-specific alterations in energy and redox metabolism caused by short-duration ischemia remain unknown. Imaging mass spectrometry enabled us to reveal spatial heterogeneity of energy and redox metabolites in the postischemic murine kidney. After 10-minute ischemia and 24-hour reperfusion (10mIR), in the cortex and outer stripes of the outer medulla, ATP substantially decreased, but not in the inner stripes of the outer medulla and inner medulla. 10mIR caused renal injury with elevation of fractional excretion of sodium, although histological damage by oxidative stress was limited. Ischemia-induced NADH elevation in the cortex indicated prolonged production of reactive oxygen species by xanthine oxidase (XOD). However, consumption of reduced glutathione after reperfusion suggested the amelioration of oxidative stress. An XOD inhibitor, febuxostat, which blocks the degradation pathway of adenine nucleotides, promoted ATP recovery and exerted renoprotective effects in the postischemic kidney. Because effects of febuxostat were canceled by silencing of the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase 1 gene in cultured tubular cells, mechanisms for the renoprotective effects appear to involve the purine salvage pathway, which uses hypoxanthine to resynthesize adenine nucleotides, including ATP. These findings suggest a novel therapeutic approach for acute ischemia/reperfusion renal injury with febuxostat through salvaging high-energy adenine nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Fujii
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Akiko Kubo
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Miyashita
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Aika Hagiwara
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Masaki Ryuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Masanori Tamaki
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine and
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima City, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takako Hishiki
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyo Hayakawa
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Protective role of exogenous recombinant peroxiredoxin 6 under ischemia-reperfusion injury of kidney. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 378:319-332. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Malik N, Dhiman P, Khatkar A. In Silico and 3D QSAR Studies of Natural Based Derivatives as Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:123-138. [PMID: 30727896 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190206122640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of disorders and their symptoms emerge from deficiency or overproduction of specific metabolites has drawn the attention for the discovery of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of disorders. Various approaches such as computational drug design have provided the new methodology for the selection and evaluation of target protein and the lead compound mechanistically. For instance, the overproduction of xanthine oxidase causes the accumulation of uric acid which can prompt gout. OBJECTIVE In the present study we critically discussed the various techniques such as 3-D QSAR and molecular docking for the study of the natural based xanthine oxidase inhibitors with their mechanistic insight into the interaction of xanthine oxidase and various natural leads. CONCLUSION The computational studies of deferent natural compounds were discussed as a result the flavonoids, anthraquinones, xanthones shown the remarkable inhibitory potential for xanthine oxidase inhibition moreover the flavonoids such as hesperidin and rutin were found as promising candidates for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Dhiman
- Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Anurag Khatkar
- Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Enzyme Inhibition Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Safety and Efficacy of Benzbromarone and Febuxostat in Hyperuricemia Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Prospective Pilot Study. Clin Exp Nephrol 2018; 22:1324-1330. [DOI: 10.1007/s10157-018-1586-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Mayr SJ, Sass JO, Vry J, Kirschner J, Mader I, Hövener JB, Reiss J, Santamaria-Araujo JA, Schwarz G, Grünert SC. A mild case of molybdenum cofactor deficiency defines an alternative route of MOCS1 protein maturation. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:187-196. [PMID: 29368224 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism, which results from mutations in genes involved in Moco biosynthesis. Moco serves as a cofactor of several enzymes, including sulfite oxidase. MoCD is clinically characterized by intractable seizures and severe, rapidly progressing neurodegeneration leading to death in early childhood in the majority of known cases. Here we report a patient with an unusual late disease onset and mild phenotype, characterized by a lack of seizures, normal early development, a decline triggered by febrile illness and a subsequent dystonic movement disorder. Genetic analysis revealed a homozygous c.1338delG MOCS1 mutation causing a frameshift (p.S442fs) with a premature termination of the MOCS1AB translation product at position 477 lacking the entire MOCS1B domain. Surprisingly, urine analysis detected trace amounts (1% of control) of the Moco degradation product urothione, suggesting a residual Moco synthesis in the patient, which was consistent with the mild clinical presentation. Therefore, we performed bioinformatic analysis of the patient's mutated MOCS1 transcript and found a potential Kozak-sequence downstream of the mutation site providing the possibility of an independent expression of a MOCS1B protein. Following the expression of the patient's MOCS1 cDNA in HEK293 cells we detected two proteins: a truncated MOCS1AB protein and a 22.4 kDa protein representing MOCS1B. Functional studies of both proteins confirmed activity of MOCS1B, but not of the truncated MOCS1AB. This finding demonstrates an unusual mechanism of translation re-initiation in the MOCS1 transcript, which results in trace amounts of functional MOCS1B protein being sufficient to partially protect the patient from the most severe symptoms of MoCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Julius Mayr
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47, 50674, Köln, Germany
| | - Jörn Oliver Sass
- Bioanalytics & Biochemistry, Department of Natural Science, Bonn-Rhein Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Julia Vry
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Janbernd Kirschner
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Irina Mader
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroradiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Section for Biomedical Imaging and MOIN CC, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochen Reiss
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - José Angel Santamaria-Araujo
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47, 50674, Köln, Germany
| | - Günter Schwarz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47, 50674, Köln, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Sarah Catharina Grünert
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Mathildenstr. 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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Zhou J, Chen H, Fan Y. Systematic analysis of the expression profile of non-coding RNAs involved in ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in mice using RNA sequencing. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100196-100215. [PMID: 29245971 PMCID: PMC5725013 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious disease characterized by a rapid decline in renal function and has an unacceptably high mortality rate with no effective treatment beyond supportive care. AKI can be induced by many factors such as ischemia/reperfusion (IR), sepsis, and drug-induced nephrotoxicity. However, the molecular mechanisms of AKI are poorly understood. A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. NcRNAs play multiple roles in cellular processes, and mutations or imbalances of these molecules within the body can cause a variety of diseases. Although growing evidence has supported the key role of ncRNAs in AKI, the specific mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, the second-generation gene sequencing was performed to investigate the expression patterns of ncRNAs, including microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, in the kidneys of mice subjected to IR-induced AKI. This information will contribute to future research of the mechanism of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis of AKI and facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets of ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong Province 528000, China
| | - Hongtao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eighth People’s Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510060, China
| | - Youling Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 511400, China
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