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Mendel RR, Schwarz G. The History of Animal and Plant Sulfite Oxidase-A Personal View. Molecules 2023; 28:6998. [PMID: 37836841 PMCID: PMC10574614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfite oxidase is one of five molybdenum-containing enzymes known in eukaryotes where it catalyzes the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate. This review covers the history of sulfite oxidase research starting out with the early years of its discovery as a hepatic mitochondrial enzyme in vertebrates, leading to basic biochemical and structural properties that have inspired research for decades. A personal view on sulfite oxidase in plants, that sulfates are assimilated for their de novo synthesis of cysteine, is presented by Ralf Mendel with numerous unexpected findings and unique properties of this single-cofactor sulfite oxidase localized to peroxisomes. Guenter Schwarz connects his research to sulfite oxidase via its deficiency in humans, demonstrating its unique role amongst all molybdenum enzymes in humans. In essence, in both the plant and animal kingdoms, sulfite oxidase represents an important player in redox regulation, signaling and metabolism, thereby connecting sulfur and nitrogen metabolism in multiple ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf R. Mendel
- Institute of Plant Biology, Technical University Braunschweig, Humboldtstrasse 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Günter Schwarz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry & Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47, 50674 Cologne, Germany;
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Schwarz G, Kanber B, Prados F, Browning S, Simister R, Jäger HR, Ambler G, Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott CAM, Werring DJ. Whole-brain diffusion tensor imaging predicts 6-month functional outcome in acute intracerebral haemorrhage. J Neurol 2023; 270:2640-2648. [PMID: 36806785 PMCID: PMC10129992 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Small vessel disease (SVD) causes most spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and is associated with widespread microstructural brain tissue disruption, which can be quantified via diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics: mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA). Little is known about the impact of whole-brain microstructural alterations after SVD-related ICH. We aimed to investigate: (1) association between whole-brain DTI metrics and functional outcome after ICH; and (2) predictive ability of these metrics compared to the pre-existing ICH score. METHODS Sixty-eight patients (38.2% lobar) were retrospectively included. We assessed whole-brain DTI metrics (obtained within 5 days after ICH) in cortical and deep grey matter and white matter. We used univariable logistic regression to assess the associations between DTI and clinical-radiological variables and poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale > 2). We determined the optimal predictive variables (via LASSO estimation) in: model 1 (DTI variables only), model 2 (DTI plus non-DTI variables), model 3 (DTI plus ICH score). Optimism-adjusted C-statistics were calculated for each model and compared (likelihood ratio test) against the ICH score. RESULTS Deep grey matter MD (OR 1.04 [95% CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.010) and white matter MD (OR 1.11 [95% CI 1.01-1.23], p = 0.044) were associated (univariate analysis) with poor outcome. Discrimination values for model 1 (0.67 [95% CI 0.52-0.83]), model 2 (0.71 [95% CI 0.57-0.85) and model 3 (0.66 [95% CI 0.52-0.82]) were all significantly higher than the ICH score (0.62 [95% CI 0.49-0.75]). CONCLUSION Our exploratory study suggests that whole-brain microstructural disruption measured by DTI is associated with poor 6-month functional outcome after SVD-related ICH. Whole-brain DTI metrics performed better at predicting recovery than the existing ICH score.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schwarz
- Neurologia-Stroke Unit ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Stroke Research Centre, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - B Kanber
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London (UCL) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL, London, UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals, Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - F Prados
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London (UCL) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL, London, UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, University College London Hospitals, Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- E-Health Center, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Browning
- Stroke Research Centre, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - R Simister
- Stroke Research Centre, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - H R Jäger
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology and the Neuroradiological Academic Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - G Ambler
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - C A M Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London (UCL) Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL, London, UK
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Brain Connectivity Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - D J Werring
- Stroke Research Centre, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
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Abstract
Molybdenum cofactor (Moco) deficiency (MoCD) is characterized by neonatal-onset myoclonic epileptic encephalopathy and dystonia with cerebral MRI changes similar to hypoxic-ischemic lesions. The molecular cause of the disease is the loss of sulfite oxidase (SOX) activity, one of four Moco-dependent enzymes in men. Accumulating toxic sulfite causes a secondary increase of metabolites such as S-sulfocysteine and thiosulfate as well as a decrease in cysteine and its oxidized form, cystine. Moco is synthesized by a three-step biosynthetic pathway that involves the gene products of MOCS1, MOCS2, MOCS3, and GPHN. Depending on which synthetic step is impaired, MoCD is classified as type A, B, or C. This distinction is relevant for patient management because the metabolic block in MoCD type A can be circumvented by administering cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP). Substitution therapy with cPMP is highly effective in reducing sulfite toxicity and restoring biochemical homeostasis, while the clinical outcome critically depends on the degree of brain injury prior to the start of treatment. In the absence of a specific treatment for MoCD type B/C and SOX deficiency, we summarize recent progress in our understanding of the underlying metabolic changes in cysteine homeostasis and propose novel therapeutic interventions to circumvent those pathological changes.
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Schwarz G, Kanber B, Prados F, Browning S, Simister R, Jäger R, Ambler G, Wheeler-Kingshott CAMG, Werring DJ. Acute corticospinal tract diffusion tensor imaging predicts 6-month functional outcome after intracerebral haemorrhage. J Neurol 2022; 269:6058-6066. [PMID: 35861854 PMCID: PMC9553831 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11245-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can assess the structural integrity of the corticospinal tract (CST) in vivo. We aimed to investigate whether CST DTI metrics after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) are associated with 6-month functional outcome and can improve the predictive performance of the existing ICH score. METHODS We retrospectively included 42 patients with DTI performed within 5 days after deep supratentorial spontaneous ICH. Ipsilesional-to-contralesional ratios were calculated for fractional anisotropy (rFA) and mean diffusivity (rMD) in the pontine segment (PS) of the CST. We determined the most predictive variables for poor 6-month functional outcome [modified Rankin Scale (mRS) > 2] using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. We calculated discrimination using optimism-adjusted estimation of the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS Patients with 6-month mRS > 2 had lower rFA (0.945 [± 0.139] vs 1.045 [± 0.130]; OR 0.004 [95% CI 0.00-0.77]; p = 0.04) and higher rMD (1.233 [± 0.418] vs 0.963 [± 0.211]; OR 22.5 [95% CI 1.46-519.68]; p = 0.02). Discrimination (AUC) values were: 0.76 (95% CI 0.61-0.91) for the ICH score, 0.71 (95% CI 0.54-0.89) for rFA, and 0.72 (95% CI 0.61-0.91) for rMD. Combined models with DTI and non-DTI variables offer an improvement in discrimination: for the best model, the AUC was 0.82 ([95% CI 0.68-0.95]; p = 0.15). CONCLUSION In our exploratory study, PS-CST rFA and rMD had comparable predictive ability to the ICH score for 6-month functional outcome. Adding DTI metrics to clinical-radiological scores might improve discrimination, but this needs to be investigated in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schwarz
- Neurologia, Stroke Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.,Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Stroke Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N, UK
| | - B Kanber
- NMR Research Unit, Department of Neuroinflammation, Faculty of Brain Sciences, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London, UK.,Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - F Prados
- NMR Research Unit, Department of Neuroinflammation, Faculty of Brain Sciences, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London, UK.,Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.,e-Health Center, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Browning
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Stroke Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N, UK
| | - R Simister
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Stroke Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N, UK
| | - R Jäger
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology and the Neuroradiological Academic Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - G Ambler
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - C A M Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott
- NMR Research Unit, Department of Neuroinflammation, Faculty of Brain Sciences, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London, UK.,Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Brain Connectivity Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - David J Werring
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Stroke Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N, UK.
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Koehler FC, Fu CY, Späth MR, Hoyer-Allo KJR, Bohl K, Göbel H, Lackmann JW, Grundmann F, Osterholt T, Gloistein C, Steiner JD, Antebi A, Benzing T, Schermer B, Schwarz G, Burst V, Müller RU. A systematic analysis of diet-induced nephroprotection reveals overlapping changes in cysteine catabolism. Transl Res 2022; 244:32-46. [PMID: 35189406 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Caloric Restriction (CR) extends lifespan and augments cellular stress-resistance from yeast to primates, making CR an attractive strategy for organ protection in the clinic. Translation of CR to patients is complex, due to problems regarding adherence, feasibility, and safety concerns in frail patients. Novel tailored dietary regimens, which modulate the dietary composition of macro- and micronutrients rather than reducing calorie intake promise similar protective effects and increased translatability. However, a direct head-to-head comparison to identify the most potent approach for organ protection, as well as overlapping metabolic consequences have not been performed. We systematically analyzed six dietary preconditioning protocols - fasting mimicking diet (FMD), ketogenic diet (KD), dietary restriction of branched chained amino acids (BCAA), two dietary regimens restricting sulfur-containing amino acids (SR80/100) and CR - in a rodent model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) to quantify diet-induced resilience in kidneys. Of the administered diets, FMD, SR80/100 and CR efficiently protect from kidney damage after IRI. Interestingly, these approaches show overlapping changes in oxidative and hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-dependent cysteine catabolism as a potential common mechanism of organ protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix C Koehler
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Chun-Yu Fu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin R Späth
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - K Johanna R Hoyer-Allo
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katrin Bohl
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heike Göbel
- Institute for Pathology, Diagnostic and Experimental Nephropathology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan-Wilm Lackmann
- CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Franziska Grundmann
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Osterholt
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claas Gloistein
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joachim D Steiner
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Adam Antebi
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Günter Schwarz
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Volker Burst
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; CECAD, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Pfurtscheller G, Schwerdtfeger AR, Rassler B, Andrade A, Schwarz G. MRI-related anxiety can induce slow BOLD oscillations coupled with cardiac oscillations. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2083-2090. [PMID: 34284243 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although about 1-2% of MRI examinations must be aborted due to anxiety, there is little research on how MRI-related anxiety affects BOLD signals in resting states. METHODS We re-analyzed cardiac beat-to beat interval (RRI) and BOLD signals of 23 healthy fMRI participants in four resting states by calculation of phase-coupling in the 0.07-0.13 Hz band and determination of positive time delays (pTDs; RRI leading neural BOLD oscillations) and negative time delays (nTDs; RRI lagging behind vascular BOLD oscillations). State anxiety of each subject was assigned to either a low anxiety (LA) or a high anxiety (HA, with most participants exhibiting moderate anxiety symptoms) category based on the inside scanner assessed anxiety score. RESULTS Although anxiety strongly differed between HA and LA categories, no significant difference was found for nTDs. In contrast, pTDs indicating neural BOLD oscillations exhibited a significant cumulation in the high anxiety category. CONCLUSIONS Findings may suggest that vascular BOLD oscillations related to slow cerebral blood circulation are of about similar intensity during low/no and elevated anxiety. In contrast, neural BOLD oscillations, which might be associated with a central rhythm generating mechanism (pacemaker-like activity), appear to be significantly intensified during elevated anxiety. SIGNIFICANCE The study provides evidence that fMRI-related anxiety can activate a central rhythm generating mechanism very likely located in the brain stem, associated with slow neural BOLD oscillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pfurtscheller
- Institute of Neural Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A R Schwerdtfeger
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - B Rassler
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Andrade
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - G Schwarz
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Denk S, Schmidt S, Schurr Y, Schwarz G, Schote F, Diefenbacher M, Armendariz C, Dejure F, Eilers M, Wiegering A. CIP2A regulates MYC translation (via its 5'UTR) in colorectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 2021; 36:911-918. [PMID: 33078202 PMCID: PMC8178152 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-020-03772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulated expression of MYC is a driver of colorectal carcinogenesis, suggesting that decreasing MYC expression may have significant therapeutic value. CIP2A is an oncogenic factor that regulates MYC expression. CIP2A is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), and its expression levels are an independent marker for long-term outcome of CRC. Previous studies suggested that CIP2A controls MYC protein expression on a post-transcriptional level. METHODS To determine the mechanism by which CIP2A regulates MYC in CRC, we dissected MYC translation and stability dependent on CIP2A in CRC cell lines. RESULTS Knockdown of CIP2A reduced MYC protein levels without influencing MYC stability in CRC cell lines. Interfering with proteasomal degradation of MYC by usage of FBXW7-deficient cells or treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 did not rescue the effect of CIP2A depletion on MYC protein levels. Whereas CIP2A knockdown had marginal influence on global protein synthesis, we could demonstrate that, by using different reporter constructs and cells expressing MYC mRNA with or without flanking UTR, CIP2A regulates MYC translation. This interaction is mainly conducted by the MYC 5'UTR. CONCLUSIONS Thus, instead of targeting MYC protein stability as reported for other tissue types before, CIP2A specifically regulates MYC mRNA translation in CRC but has only slight effects on global mRNA translation. In conclusion, we propose as novel mechanism that CIP2A regulates MYC on a translational level rather than affecting MYC protein stability in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Denk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - S. Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Y. Schurr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - G. Schwarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - F. Schote
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Diefenbacher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C. Armendariz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - F. Dejure
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Eilers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Armin Wiegering
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany ,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Denk S, Schmidt S, Schurr Y, Schwarz G, Schote F, Diefenbacher M, Armendariz C, Dejure F, Eilers M, Wiegering A. Correction to: CIP2A regulates MYC translation (via its 5'UTR) in colorectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 2021; 36:2061. [PMID: 34086088 PMCID: PMC8587260 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-021-03960-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Denk
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,grid.411760.50000 0001 1378 7891Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - S. Schmidt
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,grid.411760.50000 0001 1378 7891Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Y. Schurr
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - G. Schwarz
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - F. Schote
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Diefenbacher
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - C. Armendariz
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - F. Dejure
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M. Eilers
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Armin Wiegering
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany ,grid.411760.50000 0001 1378 7891Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Oberduerrbacherstr. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany ,grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Schie MMCH, Kaczmarek AT, Tieves F, Gomez de Santos P, Paul CE, Arends IWCE, Alcalde M, Schwarz G, Hollmann F. Front Cover: Selective Oxyfunctionalisation Reactions Driven by Sulfite Oxidase‐Catalysed
In Situ
Generation of H
2
O
2
(ChemCatChem 12/2020). ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morten M. C. H. Schie
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Technology Delft 2629HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Alexander T. Kaczmarek
- Institute of BiochemistryDepartment of ChemistryCMMCUniversity of Cologne D-50674 Cologne Germany
| | - Florian Tieves
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Technology Delft 2629HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | | | - Caroline E. Paul
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Technology Delft 2629HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | | | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of BiocatalysisInstitute of Catalysis, CSIC 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Günter Schwarz
- Institute of BiochemistryDepartment of ChemistryCMMCUniversity of Cologne D-50674 Cologne Germany
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Technology Delft 2629HZ Delft The Netherlands
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10
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Schie MMCH, Kaczmarek AT, Tieves F, Gomez de Santos P, Paul CE, Arends IWCE, Alcalde M, Schwarz G, Hollmann F. Selective Oxyfunctionalisation Reactions Driven by Sulfite Oxidase‐Catalysed
In Situ
Generation of H
2
O
2. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morten M. C. H. Schie
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Technology Delft 2629HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Alexander T. Kaczmarek
- Institute of BiochemistryDepartment of ChemistryCMMCUniversity of Cologne D-50674 Cologne Germany
| | - Florian Tieves
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Technology Delft 2629HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | | | - Caroline E. Paul
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Technology Delft 2629HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | | | - Miguel Alcalde
- Department of BiocatalysisInstitute of Catalysis, CSIC 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Günter Schwarz
- Institute of BiochemistryDepartment of ChemistryCMMCUniversity of Cologne D-50674 Cologne Germany
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Technology Delft 2629HZ Delft The Netherlands
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11
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Genchi A, Schwarz G, Semerano A, Callea M, Sanvito F, Simionato F, Panni P, Scomazzoni F, Doglioni C, Comi G, Falini A, Ancona F, Filippi M, Roveri L, Bacigaluppi M. Large vessel occlusion stroke due to dislodged aortic valve calcification revealed by imaging and histopathology. J Neurol Sci 2020; 408:116573. [PMID: 31731112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.116573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Genchi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - G Schwarz
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - A Semerano
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - M Callea
- Department of Pathology, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - F Sanvito
- Department of Pathology, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - F Simionato
- Department of Neuroradiology, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - P Panni
- Department of Neuroradiology, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - F Scomazzoni
- Department of Neuroradiology, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - C Doglioni
- Department of Pathology, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - G Comi
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - A Falini
- Department of Neuroradiology, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - F Ancona
- Department of Cardiology, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - M Filippi
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - L Roveri
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - M Bacigaluppi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology, Stroke Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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12
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Schidelko-Prandl J, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Schwarz G, Pieper K. [Perioperative hypothermia in dogs receiving combined administration of acepromazin and metamizol]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2019; 47:412-418. [PMID: 31814089 DOI: 10.1055/a-1031-1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluation the development of perioperative body temperature while administrating a combination of acepromazine and metamizol (AM) versus anesthesia with acepromazine (A) alone. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this prospective, quasi-randomized controlled study 20 dogs undergoing standardized tibial plateau leveling osteotomy were alternatingly assigned to group A or group AM (n = 10 each). The patients' body temperature values were recorded from the time of premedication up to its post-surgical return to reference values. RESULTS Body temperature decreases during anesthesia in both groups were comparable (p = 0.12). Postoperatively on the other hand, temperature development differed significantly between the two groups (p = 0.0455). In 6 dogs of the group AM, body temperature continued to decrease following extubation prior to returning to normothermic values. CONCLUSION Intraoperatively, all patients developed hypothermia, regardless of the investigated anesthetic medication administered. Postoperatively, patients not receiving metamizol reached normothermia more rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Korbinian Pieper
- Chirurgische und Gynäkologische Kleintierklinik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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13
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Mintmier B, McGarry JM, Sparacino-Watkins CE, Sallmen J, Fischer-Schrader K, Magalon A, McCormick JR, Stolz JF, Schwarz G, Bain DJ, Basu P. Molecular cloning, expression and biochemical characterization of periplasmic nitrate reductase from Campylobacter jejuni. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 365:5040225. [PMID: 29931366 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni, a human gastrointestinal pathogen, uses nitrate for growth under microaerophilic conditions using periplasmic nitrate reductase (Nap). The catalytic subunit, NapA, contains two prosthetic groups, an iron sulfur cluster and a molybdenum cofactor. Here we describe the cloning, expression, purification, and Michaelis-Menten kinetics (kcat of 5.91 ± 0.18 s-1 and a KM (nitrate) of 3.40 ± 0.44 μM) in solution using methyl viologen as an electron donor. The data suggest that the high affinity of NapA for nitrate could support growth of C. jejuni on nitrate in the gastrointestinal tract. Site-directed mutagenesis was used and the codon for the molybdenum coordinating cysteine residue has been exchanged for serine. The resulting variant NapA is 4-fold less active than the native enzyme confirming the importance of this residue. The properties of the C. jejuni enzyme reported here represent the first isolation and characterization of an epsilonproteobacterial NapA. Therefore, the fundamental knowledge of Nap has been expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breeanna Mintmier
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jennifer M McGarry
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Joseph Sallmen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | | | - Axel Magalon
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne (UMR7283), IMM, 13402 Marseille, France
| | - Joseph R McCormick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - John F Stolz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
| | - Günter Schwarz
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany
| | - Daniel J Bain
- Department of Geology and Environmental Science, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Partha Basu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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14
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Rohner D, Kowaleski MP, Schwarz G, Forterre F. Short-Term Clinical and Radiographical Outcome after Application of Anchored Intervertebral Spacers in Dogs with Disc-Associated Cervical Spondylomyelopathy. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2019; 32:158-164. [PMID: 30736092 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1676592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the short-term outcome of a new intervertebral anchored fusion device (C-LOX) for the treatment of disc associated cervical spondylomyelopathy (DA-CSM) in dogs, based on clinical and radiographical follow-up data. MATERIALS AND METHODS To be included in the study, dogs had to be clinically affected by DA-CSM treated with surgical distraction/stabilization using the anchored intervertebral spacer (C-LOX). Neurological signs, as well as diagnostic imaging performed pre-, immediately postoperatively, and after 6 weeks and 3 months were assessed. If available, clinical follow-up after 3 months was documented. RESULTS Thirty-seven cases were enrolled in the study. Outcome at 3 months was available in 25 dogs; improvement of neurological status was documented in 25/25 cases.The most common postoperative complication was screw loosening and/or breakage (n = 22), followed by subsidence (n = 15). Four dogs required revision surgery. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Distraction/stabilization of DA-CSM in dogs with the C-LOX device resulted in short-term clinical improvement in 33/37 treated cases. The high incidence of screw loosening was taken into consideration and modification of the implant with a new locking system and new screw dimensions was required. The C-LOX device seems to be a valuable alternative to more complicated distraction-fusion techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Rohner
- Division of Small Animal Surgery, Department Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael P Kowaleski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Franck Forterre
- Division of Small Animal Surgery, Department Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, Bern, Switzerland
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15
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Abstract
LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Chemical Biology of Reactive Sulfur Species. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and ToxicologyNational Institute of OncologyBudapestHungary
| | - Günter Schwarz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of ChemistryUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS)University of CologneCologneGermany
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16
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Mayr SJ, Sass JO, Vry J, Kirschner J, Mader I, Hövener JB, Reiss J, Santamaria-Araujo JA, Schwarz G, Grünert SC. A mild case of molybdenum cofactor deficiency defines an alternative route of MOCS1 protein maturation. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:187-196. [PMID: 29368224 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism, which results from mutations in genes involved in Moco biosynthesis. Moco serves as a cofactor of several enzymes, including sulfite oxidase. MoCD is clinically characterized by intractable seizures and severe, rapidly progressing neurodegeneration leading to death in early childhood in the majority of known cases. Here we report a patient with an unusual late disease onset and mild phenotype, characterized by a lack of seizures, normal early development, a decline triggered by febrile illness and a subsequent dystonic movement disorder. Genetic analysis revealed a homozygous c.1338delG MOCS1 mutation causing a frameshift (p.S442fs) with a premature termination of the MOCS1AB translation product at position 477 lacking the entire MOCS1B domain. Surprisingly, urine analysis detected trace amounts (1% of control) of the Moco degradation product urothione, suggesting a residual Moco synthesis in the patient, which was consistent with the mild clinical presentation. Therefore, we performed bioinformatic analysis of the patient's mutated MOCS1 transcript and found a potential Kozak-sequence downstream of the mutation site providing the possibility of an independent expression of a MOCS1B protein. Following the expression of the patient's MOCS1 cDNA in HEK293 cells we detected two proteins: a truncated MOCS1AB protein and a 22.4 kDa protein representing MOCS1B. Functional studies of both proteins confirmed activity of MOCS1B, but not of the truncated MOCS1AB. This finding demonstrates an unusual mechanism of translation re-initiation in the MOCS1 transcript, which results in trace amounts of functional MOCS1B protein being sufficient to partially protect the patient from the most severe symptoms of MoCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Julius Mayr
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47, 50674, Köln, Germany
| | - Jörn Oliver Sass
- Bioanalytics & Biochemistry, Department of Natural Science, Bonn-Rhein Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Julia Vry
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Janbernd Kirschner
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Irina Mader
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroradiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Section for Biomedical Imaging and MOIN CC, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochen Reiss
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - José Angel Santamaria-Araujo
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47, 50674, Köln, Germany
| | - Günter Schwarz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47, 50674, Köln, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Sarah Catharina Grünert
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Mathildenstr. 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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17
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Schwarz G, Grims R, Rumpl E, Rom G, Pfurtscheller G, Haase V. BRAINDEX: An Interactive, Knowledge-Based System Supporting Brain Death Diagnosis. Methods Inf Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1634782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBRAINDEX (Brain-Death Expert System) is an interactive, knowledge-based expert system offering support to physicians in decision making concerning brain death. The physician is given the possibility of communicating in almost natural language and, therefore, in terms with which he is familiar. This updated version of the system is implemented on an IBM-PC/AT with the expert system shell PC-PLUS and consists of about 430 rules. The determination of brain death is realized with backward chaining and for the optional coma-scaling a forward-chaining mechanism is used.
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18
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Abstract
The role of cyclization in polycondensations is discussed for two different scenarios: thermodynamically-controlled polycondensation (TCPs) on the one hand and kinetically-controlled polycondensations (KCPs) on the other. The classical Carothers–Flory theory of step-growth polymerization does not include cyclization reactions. However, TCPs involve the formation of cycles via ‘back-biting degradation’, and when the ring–chain equilibrium is on the side of the cycles the main reaction products of the TCP will be cyclic oligomers. Two groups of examples are discussed: polycondensations of salicyclic acid derivatives (e.g. aspirin) and polycondensations of dibutyltin derivatives with long α-, ω-diols or dicarboxylic acids. Furthermore, various kinetically-controlled syntheses of polyesters and polyamides were studied and carefully optimized in the direction of high molecular weights. High fractions of cyclic oligomers and polymers were found by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and their fractions increased with optimization of the process for molecular weight. These results disagree with the Carothers–Flory theory but agree with the theoretical background of the Ruggli–Ziegler dilution method (RZDM). When poly(ether-sulfone)s were prepared from 4,4′-difluorodiphenylsulfone and silylated bisphenol-A two different scenarios were found. With CsF as catalyst at a temperature of more than 145°C cyclic oligoethers were formed under thermodynamic control. When the polycondensation was promoted with K2CO3 in N-methylpyrolidone at ≤145°C the formation of cyclic oligoethers and polyethers occurred under kinetic control. A new mathematical formula is presented correlating the average degree of polymerization with the conversion and taking into account the competition between cyclization and propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - G Schwarz
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Bundesstrasse 45, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - M Maskos
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, J Welder Weg 11, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R-P Krüger
- BAM, Unter den Eichen 87, Haus 30, D-12205 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Abstract
Objectives From May 2009 to January 2015, 208 Maine Coon cats presented to the Tierklinik Hollabrunn – a small animal referral and first-opinion centre – and 17 (8.17%) cats were diagnosed with a slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). Over the same time period, 29 (0.67%) of 4348 cats (all breeds) were diagnosed with SCFE. Methods Clinical and orthopaedic examinations and diagnostic imaging were performed on all affected Maine Coons. Age at first presentation, sex, body weight, body condition score (BCS), unilateral or bilateral manifestation of the disease, activity level and duration of lameness, age at neutering and known family history of disease were recorded. Sixteen of 17 Maine Coons were surgically treated. Surgically removed femoral tissue samples were histologically examined in 13 cases. Results The mean age at first presentation was 21.47 months; male to female ratio was 16:1; mean body weight was 7.5 kg (range 5.3–9.3 kg); and mean BCS was 5.06/9.0. Seven cats were bilaterally affected; the median duration of decreased activity level and lameness was 2 weeks; mean age at neutering was 7.7 months (range 3.0–12.0 months); and four cats were littermates. Fourteen femoral head and neck ostectomies, eight total hip replacements and one primary fixation were performed. All 13 histologically available samples confirmed the diagnosis of SCFE. Conclusions and relevance To date, SCFE has been reported only occasionally in Maine Coon cats. However, the results of this study showed that Maine Coons were approximately 12-fold more likely to develop SCFE than the overall population of cats presenting to the Tierklinik Hollabrunn over the same time period. Male sex, neutering, delayed physeal closure and breed-specific high body weight may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SCFE in Maine Coon cats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Klang
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Department for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Hashem AM, Hoffman GS, Gastman B, Bernard S, Djohan R, Hendrickson M, Schwarz G, Doumit G, Gharb BB, Rampazzo A, Zins JE, Siemionow M, Papay F. Establishing the Feasibility of Face Transplantation in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:2213-2223. [PMID: 26876068 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA; formerly Wegener's granulomatosis) is a rare vasculitis that commonly starts in the craniofacial region. We report a case that was masked by prior facial trauma and associated with pyoderma gangrenosum (PG). Disease progression and aggressive debridements led to severe facial tissue loss. The decision to perform a face transplant was controversial because of the risk of disease relapse on the facial allograft. We reviewed renal transplant outcomes in GPA for possible relevance. A PubMed search retrieved 29 studies. Patient and graft survival, relapse, morbidity, mortality, rejection and immunosuppression were assessed. Ten-year patient survival and graft survival were 84.4% and 72.6%, respectively. GPA relapse occurred in 31.5%, and upper airway/ocular relapse occurred in 17.8% (resolved in 76.9%). Mortality was 12.3%. Acute and chronic rejection rates were 14.9% and 6.8%, respectively. Traditional posttransplant immunosuppression was effective. Our review suggests that GPA renal transplant outcomes are comparable to general renal transplant cohorts. Furthermore, transplanted GPA patients exhibit lower disease relapse secondary to lifelong immunosuppression. This supported our decision to perform a face transplant in this patient, which has been successful up to the present time (1-year posttransplantation). Untreated GPA and PG are potential causes of worse surgical outcomes in the craniofacial region.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hashem
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - G S Hoffman
- Department of Rheumatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - B Gastman
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - S Bernard
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - R Djohan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - M Hendrickson
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - G Schwarz
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - G Doumit
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - B B Gharb
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - A Rampazzo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - J E Zins
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - M Siemionow
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - F Papay
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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21
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Lal D, Reinthaler EM, Dejanovic B, May P, Thiele H, Lehesjoki AE, Schwarz G, Riesch E, Ikram MA, van Duijn CM, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Steinböck H, Gruber-Sedlmayr U, Neophytou B, Zara F, Hahn A, Gormley P, Becker F, Weber YG, Cilio MR, Kunz WS, Krause R, Zimprich F, Lemke JR, Nürnberg P, Sander T, Lerche H, Neubauer BA. Evaluation of Presumably Disease Causing SCN1A Variants in a Cohort of Common Epilepsy Syndromes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150426. [PMID: 26990884 PMCID: PMC4798642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The SCN1A gene, coding for the voltage-gated Na+ channel alpha subunit NaV1.1, is the clinically most relevant epilepsy gene. With the advent of high-throughput next-generation sequencing, clinical laboratories are generating an ever-increasing catalogue of SCN1A variants. Variants are more likely to be classified as pathogenic if they have already been identified previously in a patient with epilepsy. Here, we critically re-evaluate the pathogenicity of this class of variants in a cohort of patients with common epilepsy syndromes and subsequently ask whether a significant fraction of benign variants have been misclassified as pathogenic. Methods We screened a discovery cohort of 448 patients with a broad range of common genetic epilepsies and 734 controls for previously reported SCN1A mutations that were assumed to be disease causing. We re-evaluated the evidence for pathogenicity of the identified variants using in silico predictions, segregation, original reports, available functional data and assessment of allele frequencies in healthy individuals as well as in a follow up cohort of 777 patients. Results and Interpretation We identified 8 known missense mutations, previously reported as pathogenic, in a total of 17 unrelated epilepsy patients (17/448; 3.80%). Our re-evaluation indicates that 7 out of these 8 variants (p.R27T; p.R28C; p.R542Q; p.R604H; p.T1250M; p.E1308D; p.R1928G; NP_001159435.1) are not pathogenic. Only the p.T1174S mutation may be considered as a genetic risk factor for epilepsy of small effect size based on the enrichment in patients (P = 6.60 x 10−4; OR = 0.32, fishers exact test), previous functional studies but incomplete penetrance. Thus, incorporation of previous studies in genetic counseling of SCN1A sequencing results is challenging and may produce incorrect conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Lal
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Eva M. Reinthaler
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Borislav Dejanovic
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick May
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna-Elina Lehesjoki
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Günter Schwarz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Erik Riesch
- CeGaT GmbH—Centre for Genomics and Transcriptomics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Departments of Epidemiology, Neurology, Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Departments of Epidemiology, Neurology, Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Birgit Neophytou
- St. Anna Children’s Hospital, Department of Neuropediatrics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Federico Zara
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroscience, Institute G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | - Padhraig Gormley
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Felicitas Becker
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yvonne G. Weber
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria Roberta Cilio
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Wolfram S. Kunz
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Roland Krause
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Fritz Zimprich
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes R. Lemke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Sander
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Lerche
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd A. Neubauer
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
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22
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Schwahn BC, Van Spronsen FJ, Belaidi AA, Bowhay S, Christodoulou J, Derks TG, Hennermann JB, Jameson E, König K, McGregor TL, Font-Montgomery E, Santamaria-Araujo JA, Santra S, Vaidya M, Vierzig A, Wassmer E, Weis I, Wong FY, Veldman A, Schwarz G. Efficacy and safety of cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate substitution in severe molybdenum cofactor deficiency type A: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 2015; 386:1955-1963. [PMID: 26343839 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD) is characterised by early, rapidly progressive postnatal encephalopathy and intractable seizures, leading to severe disability and early death. Previous treatment attempts have been unsuccessful. After a pioneering single treatment we now report the outcome of the complete first cohort of patients receiving substitution treatment with cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP), a biosynthetic precursor of the cofactor. METHODS In this observational prospective cohort study, newborn babies with clinical and biochemical evidence of MoCD were admitted to a compassionate-use programme at the request of their treating physicians. Intravenous cPMP (80-320 μg/kg per day) was started in neonates diagnosed with MoCD (type A and type B) following a standardised protocol. We prospectively monitored safety and efficacy in all patients exposed to cPMP. FINDINGS Between June 6, 2008, and Jan 9, 2013, intravenous cPMP was started in 16 neonates diagnosed with MoCD (11 type A and five type B) and continued in eight type A patients for up to 5 years. We observed no drug-related serious adverse events after more than 6000 doses. The disease biomarkers urinary S-sulphocysteine, xanthine, and urate returned to almost normal concentrations in all type A patients within 2 days, and remained normal for up to 5 years on continued cPMP substitution. Eight patients with type A disease rapidly improved under treatment and convulsions were either completely suppressed or substantially reduced. Three patients treated early remain seizure free and show near-normal long-term development. We detected no biochemical or clinical response in patients with type B disease. INTERPRETATION cPMP substitution is the first effective therapy for patients with MoCD type A and has a favourable safety profile. Restoration of molybdenum cofactor-dependent enzyme activities results in a greatly improved neurodevelopmental outcome when started sufficiently early. The possibility of MoCD type A needs to be urgently explored in every encephalopathic neonate to avoid any delay in appropriate cPMP substitution, and to maximise treatment benefit. FUNDING German Ministry of Education and Research; Orphatec/Colbourne Pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd C Schwahn
- Royal Hospital for Sick Children, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK; Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Saint Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Francjan J Van Spronsen
- Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Abdel A Belaidi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen Bowhay
- Royal Hospital for Sick Children, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - John Christodoulou
- Western Sydney Genetics Program, Children's Hospital at Westmead, and Disciplines of Paediatrics & Child Health and Genetic Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Terry G Derks
- Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Julia B Hennermann
- Villa Metabolica, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Jameson
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Saint Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Kai König
- Department of Pediatrics, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tracy L McGregor
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mamta Vaidya
- Paediatric Intensive Care, Bart's Health NHS Trust, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anne Vierzig
- Paediatric Intensive Care, University Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Ilona Weis
- Children's Hospital, Gemeinschaftsklinikum Koblenz-Mayen, Kemperhof, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Flora Y Wong
- Monash Newborn, Monash Medical Centre, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and The Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex Veldman
- Orphatec/Colbourne Pharmaceuticals, Niederkassel, Germany; Monash Newborn, Monash Medical Centre, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and The Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Günter Schwarz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CECAD Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Orphatec/Colbourne Pharmaceuticals, Niederkassel, Germany
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23
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Weller M, Woody N, Wengler C, Djohan R, Schwarz G, Valente S, Tendulkar R. Effects of Radiation Therapy on Long-term Toxicity and Reconstruction Failure Following Mastectomy and Autologous Reconstruction. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Winkelmann A, You X, Grünewald N, Häussler U, Krestel H, Haas CA, Schwarz G, Chen W, Meier JC. Identification of a new genomic hot spot of evolutionary diversification of protein function. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125413. [PMID: 25955356 PMCID: PMC4425505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishment of phylogenetic relationships remains a challenging task because it is based on computational analysis of genomic hot spots that display species-specific sequence variations. Here, we identify a species-specific thymine-to-guanine sequence variation in the Glrb gene which gives rise to species-specific splice donor sites in the Glrb genes of mouse and bushbaby. The resulting splice insert in the receptor for the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine (GlyR) conveys synaptic receptor clustering and specific association with a particular synaptic plasticity-related splice variant of the postsynaptic scaffold protein gephyrin. This study identifies a new genomic hot spot which contributes to phylogenetic diversification of protein function and advances our understanding of phylogenetic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Winkelmann
- RNA editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiantian You
- Laboratory of Functional and Medical Genomics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nora Grünewald
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ute Häussler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Krestel
- Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carola A. Haas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Günter Schwarz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wei Chen
- Laboratory of Functional and Medical Genomics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen C. Meier
- RNA editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Life Science Department, Zoological Institute, Division of Cell Physiology, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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25
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Reinthaler EM, Dejanovic B, Lal D, Semtner M, Merkler Y, Reinhold A, Pittrich DA, Hotzy C, Feucht M, Steinböck H, Gruber-Sedlmayr U, Ronen GM, Neophytou B, Geldner J, Haberlandt E, Muhle H, Ikram MA, van Duijn CM, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Altmüller J, Kawalia A, Toliat MR, Nürnberg P, Lerche H, Nothnagel M, Thiele H, Sander T, Meier JC, Schwarz G, Neubauer BA, Zimprich F. Rare variants in γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor genes in rolandic epilepsy and related syndromes. Ann Neurol 2015; 77:972-86. [PMID: 25726841 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether mutations in γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAA -R) subunit genes contribute to the etiology of rolandic epilepsy (RE) or its atypical variants (ARE). METHODS We performed exome sequencing to compare the frequency of variants in 18 GABAA -R genes in 204 European patients with RE/ARE versus 728 platform-matched controls. Identified GABRG2 variants were functionally assessed for protein stability, trafficking, postsynaptic clustering, and receptor function. RESULTS Of 18 screened GABAA -R genes, we detected an enrichment of rare variants in the GABRG2 gene in RE/ARE patients (5 of 204, 2.45%) in comparison to controls (1 of 723, 0.14%; odds ratio = 18.07, 95% confidence interval = 2.01-855.07, p = 0.0024, pcorr = 0.043). We identified a GABRG2 splice variant (c.549-3T>G) in 2 unrelated patients as well as 3 nonsynonymous variations in this gene (p.G257R, p.R323Q, p.I389V). Functional assessment showed reduced surface expression of p.G257R and decreased GABA-evoked currents for p.R323Q. The p.G257R mutation displayed diminished levels of palmitoylation, a post-translational modification crucial for trafficking of proteins to the cell membrane. Enzymatically raised palmitoylation levels restored the surface expression of the p.G257R variant γ2 subunit. INTERPRETATION The statistical association and the functional evidence suggest that mutations of the GABRG2 gene may increase the risk of RE/ARE. Restoring the impaired membrane trafficking of some GABRG2 mutations by enhancing palmitoylation might be an interesting therapeutic approach to reverse the pathogenic effect of such mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Reinthaler
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Borislav Dejanovic
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dennis Lal
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcus Semtner
- RNA Editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Helmholtz Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvonne Merkler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Annika Reinhold
- RNA Editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Helmholtz Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Hotzy
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martha Feucht
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Gabriel M Ronen
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Birgit Neophytou
- Department of Neuropediatrics, St Anna Children's Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Geldner
- Department of Pediatrics, SMZ Süd - Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edda Haberlandt
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hiltrud Muhle
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Departments of Epidemiology, Neurology, and Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Amit Kawalia
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mohammad R Toliat
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Lerche
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Nothnagel
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Sander
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jochen C Meier
- RNA Editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Helmholtz Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Braunschweig University of Technology, Zoological Institute, Division of Cell Physiology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Günter Schwarz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd A Neubauer
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Fritz Zimprich
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Delgado AP, Deutschmann H, Schwarz G. [Transcranial cerebral oxymetry in interventional neuroradiology. Sources of error in interpretation of measurement data]. Anaesthesist 2014; 62:919-23. [PMID: 24114381 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-013-2245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial cerebral oximetry is a non-invasive method to support the estimation of the balance in cerebral oxygen metabolism status during interventional neuroradiological procedures. The simple data acquisition can lead to errors by oversimplification in interpretation of the displayed data. To avoid fatal mistakes of the acquired data the complex interactions of the examined substrate with physiological and pathophysiological interactions have to be critically judged as well as the procedural approach and methodological limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Delgado
- Klinische Abteilung für Neuro-und Gesichtschirurgische, Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Medizinischen Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29/I, 8036, Graz, Österreich,
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27
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Kalimuthu P, Fischer-Schrader K, Schwarz G, Bernhardt PV. A sensitive and stable amperometric nitrate biosensor employing Arabidopsis thaliana nitrate reductase. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 20:385-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Dejanovic B, Lal D, Catarino CB, Arjune S, Belaidi AA, Trucks H, Vollmar C, Surges R, Kunz WS, Motameny S, Altmüller J, Köhler A, Neubauer BA, EPICURE Consortium, Nürnberg P, Noachtar S, Schwarz G, Sander T. Exonic microdeletions of the gephyrin gene impair GABAergic synaptic inhibition in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 67:88-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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29
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Fröhlich M, Dejanovic B, Kashkar H, Schwarz G, Nussberger S. S-palmitoylation represents a novel mechanism regulating the mitochondrial targeting of BAX and initiation of apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1057. [PMID: 24525733 PMCID: PMC3944235 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic pathway of apoptotic cell death is mainly mediated by the BCL-2-associated X (BAX) protein through permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) and the concomitant release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. In healthy, non-apoptotic cells, BAX is predominantly localized in the cytosol and exhibits a dynamic shuttle cycle between the cytosol and the mitochondria. Thus, the initial association with mitochondria represents a critical regulatory step enabling BAX to insert into MOMs, promoting the release of cytochrome c and ultimately resulting in apoptosis. However, the molecular mode of how BAX associates with MOMs and whether a cellular regulatory mechanism governs this process is poorly understood. Here we show that in both primary tissues and cultured cells, the association with MOMs and the proapoptotic action of BAX is controlled by its S-palmitoylation at Cys-126. A lack of BAX palmitoylation reduced BAX mitochondrial translocation, BAX oligomerization, caspase activity and apoptosis. Furthermore, ectopic expression of specific palmitoyl transferases in cultured healthy cells increases BAX S-palmitoylation and accelerates apoptosis, whereas malignant tumor cells show reduced BAX S-palmitoylation consistent with their reduced BAX-mediated proapoptotic activity. Our findings suggest that S-palmitoylation of BAX at Cys126 is a key regulatory process of BAX-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fröhlich
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne University, Zülpicher Strasse 47, Cologne 50674, Germany
| | - B Dejanovic
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne University, Zülpicher Strasse 47, Cologne 50674, Germany
| | - H Kashkar
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne University, Goldenfels Strasse 19-21, Cologne 50935, Germany
| | - G Schwarz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne University, Zülpicher Strasse 47, Cologne 50674, Germany
| | - S Nussberger
- 1] Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne University, Zülpicher Strasse 47, Cologne 50674, Germany [2] Biophysics Department, Institute of Biology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart 70550, Germany
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30
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Winkelmann A, Maggio N, Eller J, Caliskan G, Semtner M, Häussler U, Jüttner R, Dugladze T, Smolinsky B, Kowalczyk S, Chronowska E, Schwarz G, Rathjen FG, Rechavi G, Haas CA, Kulik A, Gloveli T, Heinemann U, Meier JC. Changes in neural network homeostasis trigger neuropsychiatric symptoms. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:696-711. [PMID: 24430185 PMCID: PMC3904623 DOI: 10.1172/jci71472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that regulate the strength of synaptic transmission and intrinsic neuronal excitability are well characterized; however, the mechanisms that promote disease-causing neural network dysfunction are poorly defined. We generated mice with targeted neuron type-specific expression of a gain-of-function variant of the neurotransmitter receptor for glycine (GlyR) that is found in hippocampectomies from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. In this mouse model, targeted expression of gain-of-function GlyR in terminals of glutamatergic cells or in parvalbumin-positive interneurons persistently altered neural network excitability. The increased network excitability associated with gain-of-function GlyR expression in glutamatergic neurons resulted in recurrent epileptiform discharge, which provoked cognitive dysfunction and memory deficits without affecting bidirectional synaptic plasticity. In contrast, decreased network excitability due to gain-of-function GlyR expression in parvalbumin-positive interneurons resulted in an anxiety phenotype, but did not affect cognitive performance or discriminative associative memory. Our animal model unveils neuron type-specific effects on cognition, formation of discriminative associative memory, and emotional behavior in vivo. Furthermore, our data identify a presynaptic disease-causing molecular mechanism that impairs homeostatic regulation of neural network excitability and triggers neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Winkelmann
- FU-Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany.
RNA editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Helmholtz Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Department of Neurology and the J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
Cellular and Network Physiology Group, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
CC2 Zentrum für Physiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Developmental Neurobiology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Physiology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Sheba Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
BrainLinks-BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence and
BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola Maggio
- FU-Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany.
RNA editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Helmholtz Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Department of Neurology and the J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
Cellular and Network Physiology Group, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
CC2 Zentrum für Physiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Developmental Neurobiology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Physiology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Sheba Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
BrainLinks-BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence and
BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joanna Eller
- FU-Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany.
RNA editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Helmholtz Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Department of Neurology and the J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
Cellular and Network Physiology Group, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
CC2 Zentrum für Physiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Developmental Neurobiology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Physiology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Sheba Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
BrainLinks-BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence and
BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gürsel Caliskan
- FU-Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany.
RNA editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Helmholtz Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Department of Neurology and the J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
Cellular and Network Physiology Group, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
CC2 Zentrum für Physiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Developmental Neurobiology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Physiology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Sheba Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
BrainLinks-BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence and
BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Semtner
- FU-Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany.
RNA editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Helmholtz Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Department of Neurology and the J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
Cellular and Network Physiology Group, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
CC2 Zentrum für Physiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Developmental Neurobiology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Physiology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Sheba Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
BrainLinks-BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence and
BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Häussler
- FU-Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany.
RNA editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Helmholtz Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Department of Neurology and the J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
Cellular and Network Physiology Group, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
CC2 Zentrum für Physiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Developmental Neurobiology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Physiology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Sheba Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
BrainLinks-BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence and
BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - René Jüttner
- FU-Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany.
RNA editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Helmholtz Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Department of Neurology and the J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
Cellular and Network Physiology Group, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
CC2 Zentrum für Physiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Developmental Neurobiology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Physiology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Sheba Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
BrainLinks-BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence and
BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamar Dugladze
- FU-Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany.
RNA editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Helmholtz Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Department of Neurology and the J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
Cellular and Network Physiology Group, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
CC2 Zentrum für Physiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Developmental Neurobiology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Physiology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Sheba Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
BrainLinks-BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence and
BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birthe Smolinsky
- FU-Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany.
RNA editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Helmholtz Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Department of Neurology and the J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
Cellular and Network Physiology Group, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
CC2 Zentrum für Physiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Developmental Neurobiology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Physiology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Sheba Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
BrainLinks-BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence and
BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Kowalczyk
- FU-Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany.
RNA editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Helmholtz Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Department of Neurology and the J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
Cellular and Network Physiology Group, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
CC2 Zentrum für Physiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Developmental Neurobiology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Physiology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Sheba Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
BrainLinks-BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence and
BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ewa Chronowska
- FU-Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany.
RNA editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Helmholtz Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Department of Neurology and the J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
Cellular and Network Physiology Group, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
CC2 Zentrum für Physiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Developmental Neurobiology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Physiology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Sheba Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
BrainLinks-BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence and
BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Günter Schwarz
- FU-Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany.
RNA editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Helmholtz Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Department of Neurology and the J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
Cellular and Network Physiology Group, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
CC2 Zentrum für Physiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Developmental Neurobiology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Physiology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Sheba Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
BrainLinks-BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence and
BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fritz G. Rathjen
- FU-Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany.
RNA editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Helmholtz Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Department of Neurology and the J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
Cellular and Network Physiology Group, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
CC2 Zentrum für Physiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Developmental Neurobiology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Physiology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Sheba Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
BrainLinks-BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence and
BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gideon Rechavi
- FU-Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany.
RNA editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Helmholtz Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Department of Neurology and the J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
Cellular and Network Physiology Group, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
CC2 Zentrum für Physiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Developmental Neurobiology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Physiology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Sheba Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
BrainLinks-BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence and
BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carola A. Haas
- FU-Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany.
RNA editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Helmholtz Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Department of Neurology and the J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
Cellular and Network Physiology Group, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
CC2 Zentrum für Physiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Developmental Neurobiology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Physiology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Sheba Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
BrainLinks-BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence and
BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Akos Kulik
- FU-Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany.
RNA editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Helmholtz Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Department of Neurology and the J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
Cellular and Network Physiology Group, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
CC2 Zentrum für Physiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Developmental Neurobiology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Physiology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Sheba Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
BrainLinks-BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence and
BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tengis Gloveli
- FU-Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany.
RNA editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Helmholtz Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Department of Neurology and the J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
Cellular and Network Physiology Group, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
CC2 Zentrum für Physiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Developmental Neurobiology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Physiology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Sheba Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
BrainLinks-BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence and
BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Heinemann
- FU-Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany.
RNA editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Helmholtz Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Department of Neurology and the J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
Cellular and Network Physiology Group, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
CC2 Zentrum für Physiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Developmental Neurobiology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Physiology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Sheba Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
BrainLinks-BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence and
BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen C. Meier
- FU-Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Berlin, Germany.
RNA editing and Hyperexcitability Disorders Helmholtz Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Department of Neurology and the J. Sagol Neuroscience Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Israel.
Cellular and Network Physiology Group, Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
CC2 Zentrum für Physiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Developmental Neurobiology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
Department of Physiology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Sheba Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
BrainLinks-BrainTools, Cluster of Excellence and
BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Klein EL, Belaidi AA, Raitsimring AM, Davis AC, Krämer T, Astashkin AV, Neese F, Schwarz G, Enemark JH. Pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of (33)S-labeled molybdenum cofactor in catalytically active bioengineered sulfite oxidase. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:961-71. [PMID: 24387640 PMCID: PMC3927148 DOI: 10.1021/ic4023954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum enzymes contain at least one pyranopterin dithiolate (molybdopterin, MPT) moiety that coordinates Mo through two dithiolate (dithiolene) sulfur atoms. For sulfite oxidase (SO), hyperfine interactions (hfi) and nuclear quadrupole interactions (nqi) of magnetic nuclei (I ≠ 0) near the Mo(V) (d(1)) center have been measured using high-resolution pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methods and interpreted with the help of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These have provided important insights about the active site structure and the reaction mechanism of the enzyme. However, it has not been possible to use EPR to probe the dithiolene sulfurs directly since naturally abundant (32)S has no nuclear spin (I = 0). Here we describe direct incorporation of (33)S (I = 3/2), the only stable magnetic sulfur isotope, into MPT using controlled in vitro synthesis with purified proteins. The electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) spectra from (33)S-labeled MPT in this catalytically active SO variant are dominated by the "interdoublet" transition arising from the strong nuclear quadrupole interaction, as also occurs for the (33)S-labeled exchangeable equatorial sulfite ligand [ Klein, E. L., et al. Inorg. Chem. 2012 , 51 , 1408 - 1418 ]. The estimated experimental hfi and nqi parameters for (33)S (aiso = 3 MHz and e(2)Qq/h = 25 MHz) are in good agreement with those predicted by DFT. In addition, the DFT calculations show that the two (33)S atoms are indistinguishable by EPR and reveal a strong intermixing between their out-of-plane pz orbitals and the dxy orbital of Mo(V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L. Klein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Abdel Ali Belaidi
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Arnold M. Raitsimring
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA
| | - Amanda C. Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA
| | - Tobias Krämer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Andrei V. Astashkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA
| | - Frank Neese
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Günter Schwarz
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - John H. Enemark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA
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32
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Puttinger G, Schwarz G, Trenkler J, Ginestet A, von Oertzen J. Management of multiple intracerebral hemorrhages due to myxomatous aneurysms — /INS;A case report and literature review. J Neurol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Gusenleitner J, Schwarz G, Pichler R, Hamberger M, Puttinger G, Schnizer M, Trenkler J, Wurm G, von Oertzen T. Clinical utility of (18f)-fluoroflumazenil pet in presurgical evaluation of refractory focal epilepsy. J Neurol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Kalimuthu P, Fischer-Schrader K, Schwarz G, Bernhardt PV. Mediated Electrochemistry of Nitrate Reductase from Arabidopsis thaliana. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:7569-77. [DOI: 10.1021/jp404076w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palraj Kalimuthu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular
Biosciences, University of Queensland,
Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Katrin Fischer-Schrader
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry & Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne University, Zülpicherstr. 47, 50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Günter Schwarz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry & Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne University, Zülpicherstr. 47, 50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Paul V. Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular
Biosciences, University of Queensland,
Brisbane, 4072, Australia
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35
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Clinch K, Watt DK, Dixon RA, Baars SM, Gainsford GJ, Tiwari A, Schwarz G, Saotome Y, Storek M, Belaidi AA, Santamaria-Araujo JA. Synthesis of Cyclic Pyranopterin Monophosphate, a Biosynthetic Intermediate in the Molybdenum Cofactor Pathway. J Med Chem 2013; 56:1730-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301855r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ashish Tiwari
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc., 352 Knotter Drive, Cheshire, Connecticut 06410,
United States
| | - Günter Schwarz
- Colbourne Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Viktoriaweg 7, 53859 Niederkassel, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department
of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Strasse 47, 50674
Cologne, Germany
| | - Yas Saotome
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc., 352 Knotter Drive, Cheshire, Connecticut 06410,
United States
| | - Michael Storek
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc., 352 Knotter Drive, Cheshire, Connecticut 06410,
United States
| | - Abdel A. Belaidi
- Colbourne Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Viktoriaweg 7, 53859 Niederkassel, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department
of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Strasse 47, 50674
Cologne, Germany
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36
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Bucher B, Rybach L, Schwarz G. Appraisal of long-term radiation trends in the environs of nuclear power plants – Examples from Switzerland. KERNTECHNIK 2012. [DOI: 10.3139/124.110261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Annually since 1989, biannually since 1994 the sites of the Swiss nuclear facilities (4 power plant sites, a nuclear research institute and a waste storage facility) are surveyed flying the same survey lines by airborne gamma ray spectrometry. The equipment and the data processing software used for those surveys was built and developed at the Institute of Geophysics, ETH Zurich. For mapping the ground radiation around the nuclear facilities a pixel representation and a modified Spectrum Dose Index (SDI) method is used. In the search for long-term trends the local dose-rates are calculated first and in turn the net dose rates over the time span 1992–2010. So far no significant change in the radiation levels was detected over the last 18 years outside of the fenced sites of the nuclear facilities, except for the operation of an industrial radiation facility in 1995.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Bucher
- Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate, Industriestrasse 19, CH-5200 Brugg, Switzerland. E-mail:
| | - L. Rybach
- Institute of Geophysics, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. E-mail:
| | - G. Schwarz
- Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate, Industriestrasse 19, CH-5200 Brugg, Switzerland. E-mail:
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37
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Eigen M, Maass G, Schwarz G. Schallabsorptionsmessungen zum Studium des Einflusses sterischer Faktoren und hydrophober Wechselwirkungen auf die Geschwindigkeit protolytischer Reaktionen. Z PHYS CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.1971.74.3_6.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Specht CG, Grünewald N, Pascual O, Rostgaard N, Schwarz G, Triller A. Regulation of glycine receptor diffusion properties and gephyrin interactions by protein kinase C. EMBO J 2011; 30:3842-53. [PMID: 21829170 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine receptors (GlyRs) can dynamically exchange between synaptic and extrasynaptic locations through lateral diffusion within the plasma membrane. Their accumulation at inhibitory synapses depends on the interaction of the β-subunit of the GlyR with the synaptic scaffold protein gephyrin. An alteration of receptor-gephyrin binding could thus shift the equilibrium between synaptic and extrasynaptic GlyRs and modulate the strength of inhibitory neurotransmission. Using a combination of dynamic imaging and biochemical approaches, we have characterised the molecular mechanism that links the GlyR-gephyrin interaction with GlyR diffusion and synaptic localisation. We have identified a protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation site within the cytoplasmic domain of the β-subunit of the GlyR (residue S403) that causes a reduction of the binding affinity between the receptor and gephyrin. In consequence, the receptor's diffusion in the plasma membrane is accelerated and GlyRs accumulate less strongly at synapses. We propose that the regulation of GlyR dynamics by PKC thus contributes to the plasticity of inhibitory synapses and may be involved in maladaptive forms of synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G Specht
- Biologie Cellulaire de la Synapse, Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure, Inserm U, Paris, France
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Mausser G, Schellauf A, Scherübl M, Arrer A, Schwarz G. Experimental model of laryngotracheal stenosis in infants: effects of different high-frequency jet ventilation patterns on pulmonary parameters. Paediatr Anaesth 2011; 21:894-9. [PMID: 21410827 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2011.03564.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supraglottic high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) in laryngotracheal surgery in infants with modified jet laryngoscopes offers the surgeon an unimpaired operating field. However, supraglottic HFJV is associated with the development of high airway pressures, inadvertent positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels, and barotrauma. METHODS We investigated the total lung volumes (TLV) and tidal volume variations at peak inspiratory pressure levels (PIP) and at PEEP levels along with the pulmonary pressures (PIP and PEEP) during two conventional methods of supraglottic HFJV in an infant trachea-lung model without stenosis and with different degrees of stenosis. RESULTS With augmentation of the driving pressure in the experiment without stenosis, the TLV plus the pulmonary pressures increased. With narrowing of the stenosis, TLV reduced at PIP level and increased at PEEP level. Volume shifts were significantly higher during superimposed HFJV compared with monofrequent HFJV at equivalent stenosis diameter (P < 0.05) except for the setting with 0.3 bar driving pressure (P > 0.05). The pulmonary PIP was in none of the test series higher than 20 mbar, and the pulmonary PEEP did not exceed 14 mbar. CONCLUSIONS The results from our experimental model support the safe and effective clinical use of supraglottic HFJV in infants with tracheal stenosis. Moderate driving pressures provide acceptable pulmonary pressures in normal compliant lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerlinde Mausser
- Division of Anesthesiology for Neurosurgical and Craniofacial Surgery and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Förstera B, Belaidi AA, Jüttner R, Bernert C, Tsokos M, Lehmann TN, Horn P, Dehnicke C, Schwarz G, Meier JC. Irregular RNA splicing curtails postsynaptic gephyrin in the cornu ammonis of patients with epilepsy. Brain 2010; 133:3778-94. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Ogino K, Ramsden SL, Keib N, Schwarz G, Harvey RJ, Hirata H. Duplicated gephyrin genes showing distinct tissue distribution and alternative splicing patterns mediate molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, glycine receptor clustering, and escape behavior in zebrafish. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:806-17. [PMID: 20843816 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.125500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gephyrin mediates the postsynaptic clustering of glycine receptors (GlyRs) and GABA(A) receptors at inhibitory synapses and molybdenum-dependent enzyme (molybdoenzyme) activity in non-neuronal tissues. Gephyrin knock-out mice show a phenotype resembling both defective glycinergic transmission and molybdenum cofactor (Moco) deficiency and die within 1 day of birth due to starvation and dyspnea resulting from deficits in motor and respiratory networks, respectively. To address whether gephyrin function is conserved among vertebrates and whether gephyrin deficiency affects molybdoenzyme activity and motor development, we cloned and characterized zebrafish gephyrin genes. We report here that zebrafish have two gephyrin genes, gphna and gphnb. The former is expressed in all tissues and has both C3 and C4 cassette exons, and the latter is expressed predominantly in the brain and spinal cord and harbors only C4 cassette exons. We confirmed that all of the gphna and gphnb splicing isoforms have Moco synthetic activity. Antisense morpholino knockdown of either gphna or gphnb alone did not disturb synaptic clusters of GlyRs in the spinal cord and did not affect touch-evoked escape behaviors. However, on knockdown of both gphna and gphnb, embryos showed impairments in GlyR clustering in the spinal cord and, as a consequence, demonstrated touch-evoked startle response behavior by contracting antagonistic muscles simultaneously, instead of displaying early coiling and late swimming behaviors, which are executed by side-to-side muscle contractions. These data indicate that duplicated gephyrin genes mediate Moco biosynthesis and control postsynaptic clustering of GlyRs, thereby mediating key escape behaviors in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoyo Ogino
- Center for Frontier Research, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
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Abstract
We discuss the efflux of entrapped marker material from liposomes or cells through pores in the membrane, being monitored by the time course of a certain signal F (e.g., fluorescence emission). This is expressed in terms of an appropriate normalized function of time, the so-called efflux function E(t). Under conditions frequently encountered in practice the measured E(t) can be easily related to the forward rate of pore formation if the liposomes/cells are monodisperse in size. In the basic case of a time-independent rate law it turns out that E(t) must be single exponential. Deviations from such a simple functional behavior might be due to a fairly broad distribution of liposome/cell sizes and/or a more complicated pore formation mechanism. A relevant evaluation of original data is demonstrated making use of experimental results obtained with small unilamellar lipid vesicles where pores are induced by the antibiotic peptide alamethicin. This includes the application of a general method to eliminate the effect of a given liposome/cell size distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schwarz
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Biocenter of the University, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Nicola CU, Labhardt A, Schwarz G. Enhancement of the Proton Exchange Rate in Aqueous Solution by Small Amounts of Hydrophobic Substances, as Determined from Ultrasonic Relaxation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19790830109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Weis I, Fürstenberg JV, Tetik Ü, Fischer M, Santamaria-Araujo JA, Schwarz G, Veldman A. Molybdäncofaktormangel Typ A – kausale Therapie mit cyclischem Pyranopterin-Monophosphat (cPMP). Klin Padiatr 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1261598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Werner A, Bayer A, Schwarz G, Zrenner E, Paulus W. Effects of ageing on postreceptoral short-wavelength gain control: transient tritanopia increases with age. Vision Res 2010; 50:1641-8. [PMID: 20457174 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of ageing on the neural gain control in the short-wavelength opponent channel. In order to tackle specifically postreceptoral changes, we determined the effect of ageing on transient tritanopia, a paradoxical and transient reduction of short-wavelength sensitivity after the presentation of a long-wavelength adapting light. The results demonstrate an unexpected and significant increase of transient tritanopia with age, which cannot be explained by a general decline of short-wave sensitivity or the selective reduction of retinal illumination. Instead, our data imply that ageing affects also short-wavelength gain control at the site of chromatic opponency or beyond. Age-related changes of adaptation processes should therefore be considered an important factor influencing the visual performances of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Werner
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany.
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Labhardt A, Schwarz G. A High Resolution and Low Volume Ultrasonic Resonator Method for Fast Chemical Relaxation Measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19760800115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Schwarz G. Francis K. Fong: Theory of Molecular Relaxation, Applications in Chemistry and Biology, John Wiley and Sons, Baffins Lane 1975, 314 Seiten, Preis: £ 8.25. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19760801027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bodenthin Y, Schwarz G, Tomkowicz Z, Lommel M, Geue T, Haase W, Möhwald H, Pietsch U, Kurth D. Spin-crossover phenomena in extended multi-component metallo-supramolecular assemblies. Coord Chem Rev 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Eichler SA, Förstera B, Smolinsky B, Jüttner R, Lehmann TN, Fähling M, Schwarz G, Legendre P, Meier JC. Splice-specific roles of glycine receptor alpha3 in the hippocampus. Eur J Neurosci 2009; 30:1077-91. [PMID: 19723286 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycine receptor (GlyR) alpha3 is involved in vision, and processing of acoustic and nociceptive signals, and RNA editing of GLRA3 transcripts was associated with hippocampal pathophysiology of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, neither the role of GlyR alpha3 splicing in hippocampal neurons nor the expression of splice variants have yet been elucidated. We report here that the long (L) splice variant of GlyR alpha3 predominates in the brain of rodents. Cellular analysis using primary hippocampal neurons and hippocampus cryosections revealed preferential association of synaptic alpha3L clusters with glutamatergic nerve endings in strata granulare and pyramidale. In primary hippocampal neurons GlyR alpha3L clusters also preferred glutamatergic nerve endings while alpha3K was mainly in a diffuse state. Co-expression of GlyR beta subunit with alpha3L or alpha3K produced heteromeric receptor clusters and favoured their association with GABAergic terminals. However, heteromeric alpha3L was still more efficient than heteromeric alpha3K in associating with glutamatergic nerve endings. To give physiological relevance to these results we have finally analysed GlyR alpha3 splicing in human hippocampus obtained from patients with intractable TLE. As up-regulation of alpha3K occurred at the expense of alpha3L in TLE patients with a severe course of disease and a high degree of hippocampal damage, our results again involve post-transcriptional processing of GLRA3 transcripts in the pathophysiology of TLE.
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