1
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Le TTH, Than TT, Lai TNH, Le VP. Stixis scandens leaf extract-loading ZnO nanoparticles for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) treatment. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8779-8789. [PMID: 38495987 PMCID: PMC10938554 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08928b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is one of the diseases that causes great losses for livestock farmers. Because vaccines against the disease are not very effective, there is a great demand for biological products with effective resistance to PED virus (PEDV). One of the most important trends today is the use of active ingredients from nature in animal husbandry. This study aimed to create an effective agent against PEDV from the extract of Stixis scandens, which has been shown to inhibit PEDV. The aqueous (denoted as TCN) and ethanolic extracts (denoted as TCC) of Stixis scandens leaves were first prepared and then qualitatively analyzed for their chemical compositions. The TCN was used to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) at various sizes from 20 to 120 nm. Subsequently, TCC was loaded on ZnO NPs to form ZnO-extract nanoformulations with an extract loading content of 5.8-7.6%. Total polyphenols (TP) and total alkaloids (TA) in TCC were 38.51 ± 0.25 μg GAE per mg and 22.37 ± 0.41 μg AtrE per mg, respectively. TP was less loaded but more released from the nanoformulations than TA. The A1T nanoformulation, containing only 7.6% extract, had a minimum PEDV inhibitory concentration of 3.9 μg mL-1, which was comparable to that of TCC. The experiments confirmed that the nanoformulations are promising for PEDV inhibition applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Huong Le
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Thi Tam Than
- Institute of Veterinary Science and Technology Trau Quy, Gia Lam Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Thi Ngọc Ha Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Van Phan Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Hanoi Vietnam
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2
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Liu X, Zheng F, Tian L, Li T, Zhang Z, Ren Z, Chen X, Chen W, Li K, Sheng J. Lidocaine inhibits influenza a virus replication by up-regulating IFNα4 via TBK1-IRF7 and JNK-AP1 signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109706. [PMID: 36638664 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV), significant respiratory pathogenic agents, cause seasonal epidemics and global pandemics in intra- and interannual cycles. Despite effective therapies targeting viral proteins, the continuous generation of drug-resistant IAV strains is challenging. Therefore, exploring novel host-specific antiviral treatment strategies is urgently needed. Here, we found that lidocaine, widely used for local anesthesia and sedation, significantly inhibited H1N1(PR8) replication in macrophages. Interestingly, its antiviral effect did not depend on the inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC), the main target of lidocaine for anesthesia. Lidocaine significantly upregulated early IFN-I, interferon α4 (IFNα4) mRNA, and protein levels, but not those of early IFNβ in mouse RAW 264.7 cell line and human THP-1 derived macrophages. Knocking out IFNα4 by CRISPR-Cas9 partly reversed lidocaine's inhibition of PR8 replication in macrophages. Mechanistically, lidocaine upregulated IFNα4 by activating TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)-IRF7 and JNK-AP1 signaling pathways. These findings indicate that lidocaine has an incredible antiviral potential by enhancing IFN-I signaling in macrophages. In conclusion, our results indicate the potential auxiliary role of lidocaine for anti-influenza A virus therapy and even for anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus therapy, especially in the absence of a specific medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueer Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengqing Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zelin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihui Ren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Kangsheng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jiangtao Sheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Phytochemical investigation on Raphanus sativus L. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Tu PC, Jiang WP, Lin MK, Huang GJ, Li YJ, Kuo YH. Anti-Inflammatory Constituents of Antrodia camphorata on RAW 264.7 Cells Induced by Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27165320. [PMID: 36014558 PMCID: PMC9414214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antrodia camphorata is an endemic mushroom in Taiwan. This study was designed to screen anti-inflammatory compounds from the methanolic extract of the mycelium of A. camphorata on nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) known to be present in viral infection. A combination of bioactivity-guided isolation with an NMR-based identification led to the isolation of 4-acetylantroquinonol B (1), along with seven compounds. The structure of new compounds (4 and 5) was elucidated by spectroscopic experiments, including MS, IR, and NMR analysis. The anti-inflammatory activity of all isolated compounds was assessed at non-cytotoxic concentrations. 4-Acetylantroquinonol B (1) was the most potent compound against poly I:C-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 0.57 ± 0.06 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chen Tu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kuem Lin
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Food Nutrition and Healthy Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Li
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 5709)
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Theanphong O, Somwong P. Combination of selected Thai traditional pain relief medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory abilities in a protein denaturation assay. PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e86904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Crateva adansonii DC, Maerua siamensis (Kurz) Pax, and Mallotus repandus (Willd.) Müll. Arg. have long been used as ingredients in compound herbal medicines to relieve pain in Thailand. In this study, an albumin denaturation inhibition experiment was used to assess the anti-inflammatory properties of the ethanolic extracts of these plants and their mixture. Lupeol, the active molecule responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity, was chosen as a chemical marker for the extracts. All plant extracts demonstrated anti-inflammatory potential. Their IC50 values ranged from 1.19 to 7.31 mg/mL. This blend showed the strongest anti-inflammatory effect, with a 0.5-fold increase in activity when compared to diclofenac. Lupeol, an anti-inflammatory agent, is one of the chemical constituents of the selected medicinal plants. Its content ranged from 0.04 to 8.60% w/w, as determined by HPLC in this study. It means that the plants, alone and in combination, are a good source of herbs for further pharmacological study and product development.
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6
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Ezema CA, Ezeorba TPC, Aguchem RN, Okagu IU. Therapeutic benefits of Salvia species: A focus on cancer and viral infection. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08763. [PMID: 35146151 PMCID: PMC8819530 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Man is increasingly being faced with many health conditions, including viral infection, some of which increases the risk to cancer. These infectious agents contribute to the large number of persons with cancer and the worrisome number that die from the diseases. A good range of drugs are currently in place for treating patients infected with viruses, however, some of the drugs' effectiveness are limited by the emergence of drug-resistant strains of the viruses, as well as adverse effects of the drugs. Similarly, the inability of many anticancer drugs to selectively kill cancer cells while sparing hosts' normal cells limit their use. This warrants more research for newer drugs, especially from chemicals naturally encrypted in plants with anticancer and antiviral activities. In response to infection with cancer-inducing viruses, plants such as Salvia species synthesize and store secondary metabolites to protect themselves and kill these viruses as well as inhibit their ability to induce carcinogenesis. Hence, this review presented a discussion on the potential application of Salvia species in the prevention and management of cancer and viral infection. The study also discusses the cellular mechanisms of action of these herbal products against cancer cells and viruses, where available and provided suggestions on future research directions. The study is believed to spur more research on how to exploit Salvia phytochemicals as candidates for the development of nutraceuticals and drugs for managing cancers and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinonso Anthony Ezema
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
- Division of Soft Matter, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | | | - Rita Ngozi Aguchem
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
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Cuan Y, Li W, Dou Y, Yang G. Facile and scalable synthesis of baphicacanthin A by a two-pot procedure. Nat Prod Res 2021; 37:1439-1443. [PMID: 34852687 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.2011275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Facile two-pot total synthesis of baphicacanthin A, a natural phenoxazinone alkaloid isolated from the roots of Baphicacanthus cusia which has been utilized as a traditional chinese medicine to effectively treat disease caused by coronavirus, has been developed from simple and commercially available starting materials. Catalytic aerobic oxidative cross-cyclocondensation of equimolar 2-aminophenol and 3-methoxy-2-hydroxylphenol in water was used to construct the key molecular skeleton 2-hydroxy-3H-phenoxazin-3-one. Gram scale synthesis was realized in 80% overall yield with practical convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Cuan
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingchao Dou
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guanyu Yang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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8
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Zhang Y, Wang R, Shi W, Zheng Z, Wang X, Li C, Zhang S, Zhang P. Antiviral effect of fufang yinhua jiedu (FFYH) granules against influenza A virus through regulating the inflammatory responses by TLR7/MyD88 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114063. [PMID: 33813013 PMCID: PMC9759603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fufang-Yinhua-Jiedu Granules (FFYH) optimized from a Yin-Qiao-San, as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), was used to treat influenza and upper respiratory tract infection and was recommended for the prevention and treatment of SARS in 2003 and current COVID-19 in Anhui Province in 2020. AIM OF STUDY In the clinical studies, FFYH was very effective for the treatment of influenza, but the mechanism of action against influenza A virus remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the antiviral effect of FFYH against influenza A virus in vitro and vivo. Moreover, the potential mechanism of FFYH against influenza A virus in vivo was investigated for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS CPE inhibition assay and HA assay were used to evaluate the in vitro antiviral effects of FFYH against influenza A virus H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, H7N9 and H9N2. Mice were used to evaluate the antiviral effect of FFYH in vivo with ribavirin and lianhuaqingwen as positive controls. RT-PCR was used to quantify the mRNA transcription of TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IP10, and IL-1β mRNA. ELISA was used to examine the expression of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IP10, and IL-1β in sera. The blood parameters were analyzed with auto hematology analyzer. Moreover, the potential mechanism of FFYH against influenza A virus in vivo was also investigated. RESULTS FFYH showed a broad-spectrum of antiviral activity against H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, H7N9, and H9N2 influenza A viruses. Furthermore, FFYH dose-dependently increased the survival rate, significantly prolonged the median survival time of mice, and markedly reduced lung injury caused by influenza A virus. Also, FFYH significantly improve the sick signs, food taken, weight loss, blood parameters, lung index, and lung pathological changes. Moreover, FFYH could markedly inhibit the inflammatory cytokine expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IP10, IL-10, and IL-1β mRNA or protein via inhibition of the TLR7/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo. CONCLUSION FFYH not only showed a broad-spectrum of anti-influenza virus activity in vitro, but also exhibited a significant protective effect against lethal influenza virus infection in vivo. Furthermore, our results indicated that the in vivo antiviral effect of FFYH against influenza virus may be attributed to suppressing the expression of inflammatory cytokines via regulating the TLR7/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings provide evidence for the clinical treatment of influenza A virus infection with FFYH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Weiqing Shi
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhihui Zheng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shuofeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Pinghu Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; College of Veterinary Medicine & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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9
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Guo R, Zhao M, Liu H, Su R, Mao Q, Gong L, Cao X, Hao Y. Uncovering the pharmacological mechanisms of Xijiao Dihuang decoction combined with Yinqiao powder in treating influenza viral pneumonia by an integrative pharmacology strategy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111676. [PMID: 34126353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Xijiao Dihuang decoction combined with Yinqiao powder (XDD-YQP) is a classical combination formula; however, its therapeutic effects in treating influenza viral pneumonia and the pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. The therapeutic effect of XDD-YQP in influenza viral pneumonia was evaluated in mice. Subsequently, an everted gut sac model coupled with UPLC/Q-TOF MS were used to screen and identify the active compounds of XDD-YQP. Furthermore, network pharmacological analysis was adopted to probe the mechanisms of the active compounds. Lastly, we verified the targets predicted from network pharmacological analysis by differential bioinformatics analysis. Animal experiments showed that XDD-YQP has a therapeutic effect on influenza viral pneumonia. Moreover, 113 active compounds were identified from intestinal absorbed solutions of XDD-YQP. Using network pharmacological analysis, 90 major targets were selected as critical in the treatment of influenza viral pneumonia through 12 relevant pathways. Importantly, the MAPK signaling pathway was found to be closely associated with the other 11 pathways. Moreover, seven key targets, EGFR, FOS, MAPK1, MAP2K1, HRAS, NRAS, and RELA, which are common targets in the MAPK signaling pathway, were investigated. These seven key targets were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between influenza virus-infected and uninfected individuals. Hence, the seven key targets in the MAPK signaling pathway may play a vital role in the treatment of influenza viral pneumonia with XDD-YQP. This research may offer an integrative pharmacology strategy to clarify the pharmacological mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicines. The results provide a theoretical basis for a broader clinical application of XDD-YQP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mengfan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rina Su
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Mao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Leilei Gong
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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10
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Dong J, Yan F, Li S, Li Z, Qin Y. Multigram Scale Synthesis and Anti-Influenza Activity of 3-Indoleacetonitrile Glucosides. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20953289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole-3-acetonitrile-6- O-β-d-glucopyranoside 1 is a simple alkaloid with anti-influenza A virus activity extracted from Radix isatidis. Herein, a concise and practical total synthetic route of 1 was presented, starting from 6-benzyloxyindole on a multigram scale. The pivotal reaction sequence involved the Mannich reaction, the fluoride ion-induced elimination-addition reaction, and phase-transfer-catalyzed glycosylation reaction as key steps. In addition, compounds 1 and two modified derivatives 8 and 16 were tested for anti-influenza efficacy and cytotoxicity in vitro performed on Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The results revealed that the compounds exerted antiviral activity against the influenza A virus to a certain extent and displayed no cytotoxicity. These findings could contribute to the development of traditional Chinese medicine R. isatidis for treating the influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Dong
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, P. R. China
| | - Fengmei Yan
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, P. R. China
| | - Zewen Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhang Qin
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, P. R. China
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11
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Repurposing Papaverine as an Antiviral Agent against Influenza Viruses and Paramyxoviruses. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01888-19. [PMID: 31896588 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01888-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are highly infectious and are the leading cause of human respiratory diseases and may trigger severe epidemics and occasional pandemics. Although antiviral drugs against influenza viruses have been developed, there is an urgent need to design new strategies to develop influenza virus inhibitors due to the increasing resistance of viruses toward currently available drugs. In this study, we examined the antiviral activity of natural compounds against the following influenza virus strains: A/WSN/33 (H1N1), A/Udorn/72 (H3N2), and B/Lee/40. Papaverine (a nonnarcotic alkaloid that has been used for the treatment of heart disease, impotency, and psychosis) was found to be an effective inhibitor of multiple strains of influenza virus. Kinetic studies demonstrated that papaverine inhibited influenza virus infection at a late stage in the virus life cycle. An alteration in influenza virus morphology and viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) localization was observed as an effect of papaverine treatment. Papaverine is a well-known phosphodiesterase inhibitor and also modifies the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by downregulating the phosphorylation of MEK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Thus, the modulation of host cell signaling pathways by papaverine may be associated with the nuclear retention of vRNPs and the reduction of influenza virus titers. Interestingly, papaverine also inhibited paramyxoviruses parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. We propose that papaverine can be a potential candidate to be used as an antiviral agent against a broad range of influenza viruses and paramyxoviruses.IMPORTANCE Influenza viruses are important human pathogens that are the causative agents of epidemics and pandemics. Despite the availability of an annual vaccine, a large number of cases occur every year globally. Here, we report that papaverine, a vasodilator, shows inhibitory action against various strains of influenza virus as well as the paramyxoviruses PIV5, HPIV3, and RSV. A significant effect of papaverine on the influenza virus morphology was observed. Papaverine treatment of influenza-virus-infected cells resulted in the inhibition of virus at a later time in the virus life cycle through the suppression of nuclear export of vRNP and also interfered with the host cellular cAMP and MEK/ERK cascade pathways. This study explores the use of papaverine as an effective inhibitor of both influenza viruses as well as paramyxoviruses.
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Wang MJ, Yang CH, Jin Y, Wan CB, Qian WH, Xing F, Li X, Liu YY. Baicalin Inhibits Coxsackievirus B3 Replication by Reducing Cellular Lipid Synthesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:143-160. [PMID: 31903780 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Baicalin is a flavonoid extracted from Scutellariae Radix and shows a variety of biological activities as reducing lipids, diminishing inflammation, and inhibiting bacterial infection. However, there is no report of baicalin against CVB3 infection. In this study, we found that baicalin can reduce viral titer in a dose-dependent manner in vitro at a dose with no direct virucidal effect. Moreover, we revealed that baicalin can also improve survival rate, reduce heart weight/body weight ratio, prevent virus replication, and relieve myocardial inflammation in the acute viral myocarditis mouse model induced by CVB3. Then, in order to explore the mechanism of baicalin inhibiting CVB3 replication, we respectively examined the expression of autophagosome marker LC3-II by Western blot, tested the concentration of free fatty acid (FFA) and cholesterol (CHO) by commercial kits, detected the mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase (Fasn) and acetyl coenzyme a carboxylase (ACC) by RT-PCR, and observed the lipid content of cells by fluorescence staining. The results showed that CVB3 infection increased autophagosome formation and lipid content in HeLa cells, but these changes were significantly blocked by baicalin. Finally, in order to confirm that baicalin inhibits viral replication and reduces autophagosome formation by reducing cellular lipids, we added exogenous palmitate to cell culture supernatants to promote intracellular lipid synthesis and found that palmitate did not alter LC3-II and CVB3/VP1 expression in HeLa cells with or without CVB3 infection. Interestingly, palmitate can reverse the inhibitory effect of baicalin on autophagosome formation and viral replication. In conclusion, our results indicated that lipids play an important role in CVB3 replication, and the effect of baicalin against CVB3 was associated with its ability to reduce cellular lipid synthesis to limit autophagosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jie Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lian'shui County People's Hospital, 6 East of Hongri Avenue, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223400, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Hua Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huai'an Hospital of Huaian District, 14 Yuemiao East Street, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223200, P. R. China
| | - Yue Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 62 Huaihai South Road, Huaian, Jiangsu 223002, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Biao Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 62 Huaihai South Road, Huaian, Jiangsu 223002, P. R. China
| | - Wei-He Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 62 Huaihai South Road, Huaian, Jiangsu 223002, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 62 Huaihai South Road, Huaian, Jiangsu 223002, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 62 Huaihai South Road, Huaian, Jiangsu 223002, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizhi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P. R. China.,Department of Endocrinology, Huai'an First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing West Road, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, P. R. China
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Liang X, Huang Y, Pan X, Hao Y, Chen X, Jiang H, Li J, Zhou B, Yang Z. Erucic acid from Isatis indigotica Fort. suppresses influenza A virus replication and inflammation in vitro and in vivo through modulation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathway. J Pharm Anal 2019; 10:130-146. [PMID: 32373385 PMCID: PMC7192973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Isatis indigotica Fort. (Ban-Lan-Gen) is an herbal medicine prescribed for influenza treatment. However, its active components and mode of action remain mostly unknown. In the present study, erucic acid was isolated from Isatis indigotica Fort., and subsequently its underlying mechanism against influenza A virus (IAV) infection was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrated that erucic acid exhibited broad-spectrum antiviral activity against IAV resulting from reduction of viral polymerase transcription activity. Erucic acid was found to exert inhibitory effects on IAV or viral (v) RNA-induced pro-inflammatory mediators as well as interferons (IFNs). The molecular mechanism by which erucic acid with antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties was attributed to inactivation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling. Furthermore, the NF-κB and p38 MAPK inhibitory effect of erucic acid led to diminishing the transcriptional activity of interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF-3), and thereby reducing IAV-triggered pro-inflammatory response amplification in IFN-β-sensitized cells. Additionally, IAV- or vRNA-triggered apoptosis of alveolar epithelial A549 cells was prevented by erucic acid. In vivo, erucic acid administration consistently displayed decreased lung viral load and viral antigens expression. Meanwhile, erucic acid markedly reduced CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) recruitment, pro-apoptotic signaling, hyperactivity of multiple signaling pathways, and exacerbated immune inflammation in the lung, which resulted in decreased lung injury and mortality in mice with a mouse-adapted A/FM/1/47-MA(H1N1) strain infection. Our findings provided a mechanistic basis for the action of erucic acid against IAV-mediated inflammation and injury, suggesting that erucic acid may have a therapeutic potential in the treatment of influenza. Erucic acid from Isatis indigotica Fort. exhibited broad-spectrum anti-influenza virus activity. Erucic acid reduced IAV polymerase transcription activity. Erucic acid suppressed IAV-triggered inflammation as well as pro-inflammatory amplification effects in IFN-sensitized cells. Erucic acid protected mice from lethal IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiping Pan
- Institute of Combination Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yanbing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Haiming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Beixian Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, 525200, Guangdong, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Centre of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, 999078, PR China
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