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Behrad S, Dezfuli SAT, Yazdani R, Hayati S, Shanjani SM. The effect of physical exercise on circulating neurotrophic factors in healthy aged subjects: A meta-analysis and meta-regression. Exp Gerontol 2024; 196:112579. [PMID: 39260585 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) may help the brain resist both functional and structural neurodegeneration, which is critical for maintaining cognitive and neurological health in older adults. This meta-analysis and meta-regression seek to elucidate the impact of physical activity on these biomarker levels in healthy seniors, as well as to examine the influence of several moderator factors, including age, sex, period length, and time, for the first time. The standardized mean effect metric was used to assess the influence of weights, which reflected each group's relative importance in comparison to baseline data. The study looked at potential moderating factors including age, gender, and physical activity levels. The analysis of 11 studies indicated no significant effect of physical activity on VEGF levels [0.328, CI 95 % (-0.871 to 1.52); I2 = 0.00; p = 0.592; Q = 4.14]. Physical activity had a substantial impact on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (0.827, 95 % confidence interval: 0.487 to 1.16; I2 = 0.00; p = 0.00; Q = 78.46), with females showing particularly notable effects (Tau2 = 0.327, Tau = 0.571, I2 = 80.90 %, Q = 68.05, df = 15, p = 0.00). Physical activity also had a substantial effect on insulin-like growth factor 1 (0.276, 95 % confidence interval: 0.065 to 0.487; I2 = 0.00; p = 0.10; Q = 8.35), indicating that it positively influences IGF-1 levels. Overall, while physical exercise has a significant effect on BDNF and IGF-1, more research is needed to fully understand its impact on vascular endothelial growth factor and to investigate how individual characteristics may influence exercise outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Behrad
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental School, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Reza Yazdani
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Saeed Hayati
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sanaz Mirzayan Shanjani
- Department of Sport Physiology, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran.
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Mannozzi J, Al-Hassan MH, Kaur J, Lessanework B, Alvarez A, Massoud L, Aoun K, Spranger M, O'Leary DS. Blood flow restriction training activates the muscle metaboreflex during low-intensity sustained exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:260-270. [PMID: 37348015 PMCID: PMC10393340 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00274.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood flow restriction training (BFRT) employs partial vascular occlusion of exercising muscle and has been shown to increase muscle performance while using reduced workload and training time. Numerous studies have demonstrated that BFRT increases muscle hypertrophy, mitochondrial function, and beneficial vascular adaptations. However, changes in cardiovascular hemodynamics during the exercise protocol remain unknown, as most studies measured blood pressure before the onset and after the cessation of exercise. With reduced perfusion to the exercising muscle during BFRT, the resultant accumulation of metabolites within the ischemic muscle could potentially trigger a large reflex increase in blood pressure, termed the muscle metaboreflex. At low workloads, this pressor response occurs primarily via increases in cardiac output. However, when increases in cardiac output are limited (e.g., heart failure or during severe exercise), the reflex shifts to peripheral vasoconstriction as the primary mechanism to increase blood pressure, potentially increasing the risk of a cardiovascular event. Using our chronically instrumented conscious canine model, we utilized a 60% reduction in femoral blood pressure applied to the hindlimbs during steady-state treadmill exercise (3.2 km/h) to reproduce the ischemic environment observed during BFRT. We observed significant increases in heart rate (+19 ± 3 beats/min), stroke volume (+2.52 ± 1.2 mL), cardiac output (+1.21 ± 0.2 L/min), mean arterial pressure (+18.2 ± 2.4 mmHg), stroke work (+1.93 ± 0.2 L/mmHg), and nonischemic vascular conductance (+3.62 ± 1.7 mL/mmHg), indicating activation of the muscle metaboreflex.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Blood flow restriction training (BFRT) increases muscle mass, strength, and endurance. There has been minimal consideration of the reflex cardiovascular responses that could be elicited during BFRT sessions. We showed that during low-intensity exercise BFRT may trigger large reflex increases in blood pressure and sympathetic activity due to muscle metaboreflex activation. Thus, we urge caution when employing BFRT, especially in patients in whom exaggerated cardiovascular responses may occur that could cause sudden, adverse cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mannozzi
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Mohamed-Hussein Al-Hassan
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Jasdeep Kaur
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Beruk Lessanework
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Alberto Alvarez
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Louis Massoud
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Kamel Aoun
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Marty Spranger
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Donal S O'Leary
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
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Tan Z, Chen P, Zheng Y, Pan Y, Wang B, Zhao Y. Effect of blood flow-restricted resistance training on myocardial fibrosis in early spontaneously hypertensive rats. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1101748. [PMID: 36818353 PMCID: PMC9928848 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1101748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of blood flow-restricted resistance training on myocardial fibrosis in early spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Methods Four-week-old male Wistar-Kyoto rats and SHRs were randomly divided into the following groups: normal group (WKY), SHR control (SHR-SED) group, high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) group, low- and medium-intensity resistance training (LMIRT) group, and blood flow-restricted low- and medium-resistance training (BFRT) group. Body weight, hemodynamics, cardiac function, myocardial morphology and fibrosis, and the expression levels of transforming growth factor-beta1-Smad (TGFβ-1-Smad) pathway-related proteins in the myocardium were assessed. Results (1) BFRT lowered blood pressure significantly, decreased left ventricular wall thickness, and improved cardiac function. At the same time, BFRT was superior to traditional resistance training in lowering diastolic blood pressure, and was superior to HIRT in improving left ventricular compliance, reducing heart rate, and reducing left ventricular posterior wall and left ventricular mass (P < 0.05). (2) BFRT decreased collagen I and collagen fiber area in the myocardium, increased the collagen III area, and decreased the collagen I/III ratio (P < 0.05). BFRT produced a better proportion of myocardial collagen fibers than did traditional resistance training (P < 0.05). (3) In the myocardium of the BFRT group compared to the traditional resistance training group, the expression of TGFβ-1, Smad2/3/4, p-Smad2/3, CTGF, and TIMP1 was significantly downregulated, MMP2 and TIMP2 were significantly upregulated, the MMP/TIMP ratio significantly increased, and TGFβ-1 expression significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion BFRT inhibited the TGFβ-1-Smad pathway in the myocardium, downregulated the expression of CTGF, and regulated the balance between MMPs and TIMPs, thereby reducing myocardial fibrosis in SHR, and improving cardiac morphology and function. BFRT also lowered blood pressure, and achieved an effect of early prevention and treatment of hypertension. At the same time, BFRT was superior to traditional resistance training in reducing diastolic blood pressure and adjusting the proportion of myocardial collagen fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Tan
- School of Sports Science and Physical Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peiyou Chen
- School of Sports Science and Physical Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuchan Zheng
- Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baolong Wang
- School of Sports Science and Physical Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Yan Zhao,
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Mahdavi N, Joukar S, Najafipour H, Naderi-boldaji V. Promotion of aging heart function and its redox balance following hind-limb blood flow restriction plus endurance exercise training in rats: klotho and PGC1-α as involving candidate molecules. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:699-708. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02702-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tan Z, Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Pan Y. The Effect of Blood Flow-Restricted Low Resistance Training on Microvascular Circulation of Myocardium in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:829718. [PMID: 35535353 PMCID: PMC9076488 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.829718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of blood flow-restricted low resistance training on microvascular rarefaction in the myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Methods: Four-week-old male SHRs were randomly divided into the following groups: Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), SHR control (SHR-SED), high-intensity resistance training (HIRT), low-intensity resistance training (LIRT), and blood flow-restricted low resistance training (BFRT). The exercise groups began to receive exercise intervention for 8 weeks at the age of 7 weeks. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), cardiac function, capillary density, and Vascular endothelial growth factor -Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Protein kinase B-Endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (VEGF-Pi3k-Akt-eNOS) were assessed. Results: 1) BP and HR of BFRT decreased significantly, Ejection fraction (EF) and Fraction shortening (FS) increased, and the effect of BFRT on lowering BP and HR was better than that of other groups (p < 0.05); 2) The expression of VEGF, VEGFR2, p-VEGFR2, Pi3k, Akt, p-Akt, eNOS and p-eNOS in the myocardium of the BFRT was significantly upregulated, and eNOS expression was significantly higher than other groups (p < 0 05); 3) the expression of VEGF in the blood of the BFRT was significantly upregulated, higher than SHR-SED, lower than HIRT (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between BFRT and LIRT(p > 0.05); 4) the capillary density in the myocardium of BFRT was significantly higher than other exercise groups (p < 0 05). Conclusion: Blood flow-restricted low resistance training can activate the VEGF-Pi3k-Akt-eNOS pathway, upregulate the expression of VEGF in blood, improve microvascular rarefaction, and promote myocardial microvascular circulation, thereby improving cardiac function and lowering blood pressure, achieving the preventive effect of early hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Tan
- College of Sports Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Ying Pan
- Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
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Svorc P, Svorc P. General anesthesia and electrocardiographic parameters in in vivo experiments involving rats. Physiol Res 2022; 71:177-192. [PMID: 35275702 PMCID: PMC9150551 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In in vivo cardiovascular or toxicological studies involving rat models, changes in selected electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters are monitored after various interventions to assess the origin and development of heart rhythm disorders. Each ECG parameter has diagnostic significance; as such, commonly evaluated ECG parameters, including heart rate, PR interval, P wave duration, P wave amplitude, QRS complex, QT and QTc interval duration, R wave and T wave amplitude, of rats under various types of general anesthesia were the focus of this study. Studies that performed in vivo cardiovascular or toxicological experiments in rats were retrieved from a search of the Web of Science database for articles published mainly between 2000 and 2021. In total, the search retrieved 123 articles. ECG parameters that were reported as baseline or control values were summarized and averages with ranges were calculated. It is important to be cautious when interpreting results and, in discussions addressing the mechanisms underlying a given type of arrhythmia, acknowledge that initial ECG parameters may already be affected to some extent by the general anesthesia as well as by sex and the time of day the experiments were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Svorc
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
- Department of Physiology and Patophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ostrava University, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Svorc
- Department of Physiology and Patophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ostrava University, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Alizadeh Pahlavani H. Exercise Therapy for People With Sarcopenic Obesity: Myokines and Adipokines as Effective Actors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:811751. [PMID: 35250869 PMCID: PMC8892203 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.811751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity is defined as a multifactorial disease in aging with decreased body muscle, decreased muscle strength, decreased independence, increased fat mass, due to decreased physical activity, changes in adipokines and myokines, and decreased satellite cells. People with sarcopenic obesity cause harmful changes in myokines and adipokines. These changes are due to a decrease interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-15 (IL-15), insulin-like growth factor hormone (IGF-1), irisin, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), adiponectin, and apelin. While factors such as myostatin, leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and resistin increase. The consequences of these changes are an increase in inflammatory factors, increased degradation of muscle proteins, increased fat mass, and decreased muscle tissue, which exacerbates sarcopenia obesity. In contrast, exercise, especially strength training, reverses this process, which includes increasing muscle protein synthesis, increasing myogenesis, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, increasing brown fat, reducing white fat, reducing inflammatory factors, and reducing muscle atrophy. Since some people with chronic diseases are not able to do high-intensity strength training, exercises with blood flow restriction (BFR) are newly recommended. Numerous studies have shown that low-intensity BFR training produces the same increase in hypertrophy and muscle strength such as high-intensity strength training. Therefore, it seems that exercise interventions with BFR can be an effective way to prevent the exacerbation of sarcopenia obesity. However, due to limited studies on adipokines and exercises with BFR in people with sarcopenic obesity, more research is needed.
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Garcia NF, de Moraes C, Rebelo MA, de Castro FMP, Peters SMGR, Pernomian L, de Mello MMB, de Castro MM, Puggina EF. Low load strength training, associated with or without blood flow restriction increased NO production and decreased production of reactive oxygen species in the in rats aorta. Life Sci 2022; 294:120350. [PMID: 35065990 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that strength training (ST) with blood flow restriction (BFR) in which low load is used (20-50% of 1 maximum voluntary contraction - MVC) can produce positive adaptations similar to ST with loads equal to or greater than 70% 1 MVC. Furthermore, recent studies have investigated the effects of STBFR on muscle adaptations, but few studies investigated the effects of STBFR on vascular function. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the STBFR program on the vascular reactivity of the abdominal aorta of Wistar rats with femoral arteriovenous blood flow restriction. Male rats were divided into four groups: sedentary sham (S/S), sedentary with blood flow restriction (S/BFR), trained sham (T/S), and trained with blood flow restriction (T/BFR). The animals in the S/BFR and T/BFR groups underwent surgery to BFR in the femoral artery and vein. After one week, the trained groups started the ST which consisted of climbing ladder, six sets of 10 repetitions with 50% of 1 MVC assessed by maximum loaded weight (MLW) carried out for four weeks. Concentration-response curves to Acetylcholine (ACh: 10 nM - 100 μM) and Phenylephrine (PHE: 1 nM - 30 μM) were performed in aortic rings with intact endothelium. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ and the vascular remodeling marker (MMP-2) were also measured. The ST increased the strength of the T/S and T/BFR groups in MLW tests. The S/BFR group showed a 22% reduction in relaxation to acetylcholine, but exercise prevented this reduction in the T/BFR group. In animals without BFR, ST did not alter the response to acetylcholine. An increase in NO production was seen in T/S and T/BFR showed a reduction in ROS production (62% and 40%, respectively). In conclusion low load ST with BFR promotes similar vascular function responses to ST without BFR. Low load ST with and without BFR is interventions that can improve performance with similar magnitudes. Both training methods could have some benefits for vascular health due to NO production in the aorta increased in the T/S group and decreased production of reactive oxygen species in the T/BFR group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Fagundes Garcia
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila de Moraes
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Macário Arosti Rebelo
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Marzliak Pozzi de Castro
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Laena Pernomian
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Enrico Fuini Puggina
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Yeo HS, Lim JY. Effects of different types of exercise training on angiogenic responses in the left ventricular muscle of aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2021; 158:111650. [PMID: 34890715 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated angiogenic responses in the left ventricular muscle and aerobic capacity according to exercise type (aerobic, resistance, combined) in aged rats. METHODS In total, 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats (100 weeks old) were used. To investigate the effect of regular training, the rats were divided into non-exercise (NE), aerobic exercise (AE), resistance exercise (RE), and combined exercise (CE) groups (six rats per group). Regular training tailored to each exercise type was performed for 8 weeks (five times a week, 1 h per day). After 8 weeks of training, aerobic capacity was evaluated by a treadmill running test. Left ventricular muscle tissue was collected and the protein levels of angiogenesis indicators (eNOS, HIF-1α, PGC-1α, VEGF, FLK-1, Ang-1, Ang-2) were analyzed by Western blotting. Capillaries were observed by immunohistochemical staining for CD31. RESULTS Body weight, heart weight, and heart/body weight ratio showed no difference among the groups. The AE and CE groups showed higher treadmill running capacity than the NE and RE groups. The eNOS, VEGF, HIF-1α, PGC-1α, and Ang-2 protein levels were significantly higher in the AE than NE group. The PGC-1α and FLK-1 protein levels were significantly higher in the RE than NE group. In addition, in the CE group, the eNOS, FLK-1, and PGC-1α protein levels were significantly higher than in the NE group. Expression of CD31 in cardiac tissue was higher in the AE and CE groups than in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results suggest that regular exercise training, irrespective of exercise type, might improve cardiovascular function by inducing angiogenic responses in the aged myocardium; however, AE may be the most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Seong Yeo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Seoul National University Institute on Aging, Seoul, South Korea; Aging & Mobility Biophysics Laboratory, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Seoul National University Institute on Aging, Seoul, South Korea; Aging & Mobility Biophysics Laboratory, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
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Luo M, Cao C, Niebauer J, Yan J, Ma X, Chang Q, Zhang T, Huang X, Liu G. Effects of different intensities of continuous training on vascular inflammation and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8522-8536. [PMID: 34331512 PMCID: PMC8419160 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to study the effects and underlying mechanism of different intensities of continuous training (CT) on vascular inflammation and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Rats were divided into five groups (n = 12): Wistar‐Kyoto rats sedentary group (WKY‐S), sedentary group (SHR‐S), low‐intensity CT group (SHR‐L), medium‐intensity CT group (SHR‐M) and high‐intensity CT group (SHR‐H). Changes in body mass, heart rate and blood pressure were recorded. The rats were euthanized after 14 weeks, and blood and vascular tissue samples were collected. Haematoxylin and Eosin staining was used to observe the aortic morphology, and Western blot was used to detect the expression of mesenteric artery proteins. After CT, the mean arterial pressures improved in SHR‐L and SHR‐M and increased in SHR‐H compared with those in SHR‐S. Vascular inflammation and oxidative stress levels significantly subsided in SHR‐L and SHR‐M (p < 0.05), whereas in SHR‐H, only vascular inflammation significantly subsided (p < 0.05), and oxidative stress remained unchanged (p > 0.05). AMPK and SIRT1/3 expressions in SHR‐L and SHR‐M were significantly up‐regulated than those in SHR‐S (p < 0.05). These results indicated that low‐ and medium‐intensity CT can effectively reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress of SHR vascular tissue, and high‐intensity CT can improve vascular tissue inflammation but not oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunmei Cao
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Josef Niebauer
- University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jianghong Yan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xindong Ma
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Chang
- The College of Exercise Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Huang
- The College of Exercise Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guochun Liu
- The College of Exercise Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Pourheydar B, Biabanghard A, Azari R, Khalaji N, Chodari L. Exercise improves aging-related decreased angiogenesis through modulating VEGF-A, TSP-1 and p-NF-Ƙb protein levels in myocardiocytes. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2020; 12:129-135. [PMID: 32626553 PMCID: PMC7321007 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2020.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Aging-dependent decline in the angiogenesis of heart is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study was aimed to characterize effect of exercise on angiogenesis alterations and molecular mediators which are related to angiogenesis in the heart under aging condition. Methods: Twenty-one male Wistar rats were assigned into three groups: young, aged, and exercise. Aged animals in the exercise group run on treadmill for 8 weeks. At the end, heart samples were collected and used for histological evaluation , determination of angiogenesis by immunostaining for PECAM-1/ CD31 and expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) levels by ELISA. P<0.05 is considered as statistically significant. Results: Our results showed that angiogenesis, and VEGF-A levels were significantly decreased, TSP1 (P >0.0001) and p-NF-κB (P >0.001) levels were significantly increased in the heart of aged group compared to young group. Exercise group showed significant increase in angiogenesis, VEGF-A (P >0.0001), and p-NF-κB (P >0.001) and showed significant decrease in TSP-1 levels (P >0.001) compared to aged group. Moreover, compared to the young group, aged group showed histological changes in the heart, such as interstitial edema, and congestion, whereas, treatment with exercise improved these undesirable changes in the heart of exercise groups. Conclusion: These findings indicated that aging-related decrease in angiogenesis in the heart may mediated by downexpression of VEGF-A and overexpression of TSP-1 proteins. Also, we showed that p-NF-κB protein was increased in the heart of aged rats, this probably mediated by compensatory mechanism. It was also showed that exercise as novel non-pharmacological therapy modifies VEGF-A and TSP-1 and increases p-NF-κB protein levels in the aged heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Pourheydar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute,Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Abdolrahman Biabanghard
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Azari
- Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Naser Khalaji
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Leila Chodari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute,Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Shi X, Luo X, Xu X. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 contributes to exercise-induced cardiac angiogenesis in mice. Biosci Trends 2020; 14:115-122. [DOI: 10.5582/bst.2019.01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Shi
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueting Luo
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Exercise Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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13
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Naderi-Boldaji V, Joukar S, Noorafshan A, Bahreinipour MA. Limb Blood Flow Restriction Plus Mild Aerobic Exercise Training Protects the Heart Against Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Injury in Old Rats: Role of GSK-3β. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 19:210-219. [PMID: 30406466 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-018-9490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of blood flow restriction (BFR) training on cardiac resistance to isoproterenol (ISO) induced heart injury in old rats and examined the hypothesis that BFR training may interfere with age-associated impairment of mitochondria by the inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK-3β at Ser9. Old male Wistar rats were divided into the following six groups: CTL (control), ISO (isoproterenol-treated), Sh + ISO (sham-operated plus ISO), BFR + ISO (blood flow restriction plus ISO), Sh-Ex + ISO (sham-operated subjected to exercise and ISO), and BFR-Ex + ISO (blood flow restriction along with exercise and ISO). 10 weeks of exercise training was considered. Then, cardiac injury was induced and physiological, histological, and biochemical parameters were recorded and assessed. Compared to CTL group, isoproterenol administration significantly reduced the systolic arterial pressure (SAP), left-ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), and ± dp/dt max (P < 0.05). BFR training improved these parameters in the way that BFR-Ex + ISO group had higher SAP, LVSP and ± dp/dt max (P < 0.05) and lower LVEDP (left-ventricular end diastolic pressure) (P < 0.01) than untrained and Sh-Ex + ISO groups. The pS9-GSK-3β and pS9-GSK-3β/GSK-3β ratio were increased in the BFR-Ex + ISO group compared to CTL, ISO, Sh + ISO, and BFR + ISO groups (P < 0.05). The level of plasma cardiac Troponin-I and the severity of the injuries were significantly reduced in BFR-Ex + ISO group versus other cardiac damaged groups. In conclusion, our findings clearly confirmed the cardio-protective effect of BFR training against ISO-induced myocardial injury. Increased phosphorylated GSK-3β and angiogenesis in this model of exercise justify the resistance of old hearts facing stressful situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Naderi-Boldaji
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Siyavash Joukar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 7616914115, Kerman, Iran. .,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Ali Noorafshan
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Bahreinipour
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Shahid Chamran, Kerman Branch, Technical and Vocational University (YVU), Tehran, Iran
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14
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Navarro-Hortal MD, Ramírez-Tortosa CL, Varela-López A, Romero-Márquez JM, Ochoa JJ, Ramírez-Tortosa MC, Forbes-Hernández TY, Granados-Principal S, Battino M, Quiles JL. Heart Histopathology and Mitochondrial Ultrastructure in Aged Rats Fed for 24 Months on Different Unsaturated Fats (Virgin Olive Oil, Sunflower Oil or Fish Oil) and Affected by Different Longevity. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2390. [PMID: 31591312 PMCID: PMC6835383 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet plays a decisive role in heart physiology, with lipids having especial importance in pathology prevention and development. This study aimed to investigate how dietary lipids varying in lipid profile (virgin olive oil, sunflower oil or fish oil) affected the heart of rats during aging. Heart histopathology, mitochondrial morphometry, and oxidative status were assessed. Typical histopathological features associated with aging, such as valvular lesions, endomyocardical hyperplasia, or papillary muscle calcification, were found at a low extent in all the experimental groups. The most relevant finding was that inflammation registered by fish oil group was lower compared to the other treatments. At the ultrastructural level, heart mitochondrial area, perimeter, and aspect ratio were higher in fish oil-fed rats than in those fed on sunflower oil. Concerning oxidative stress markers, there were differences only in coenzyme Q levels and catalase activity, lower in sunflower oil-fed animals compared with those fed on fish oil. In summary, dietary intake for a long period on dietary fats with different fatty acids profile led to differences in some aspects associated with the aging process at the heart. Fish oil seems to be the fat most protective of heart during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- María D Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn., 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - César L Ramírez-Tortosa
- UGC de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital San Cecilio de Granada, Avda, Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn., 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - José M Romero-Márquez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn., 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Julio J Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn., 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - MCarmen Ramírez-Tortosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn., 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernández
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Sergio Granados-Principal
- UGC de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario de Jaén, Avenida del Ejército Español 10, 23007 Jaén, Spain.
- Genyo, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada-Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, China.
| | - José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn., 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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15
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Bejeshk MA, Joukar S, Shahouzehi B, Asadi-shekari M, Rajizadeh M, Raji-amirhasani A, Naderi-boldaji V. Combinatorial effect of lower extremity blood flow restriction and low intensity endurance exercise on aorta of old male rats: Histomorphological and molecular approach. Artery Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2018.10.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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