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Honório da Silva JV, Erthal RP, Vercellone IC, Santos DPD, Ferraz CR, de Matos RLN, Gonçalves LED, Bracarense APFRL, Verri WA, Câmara NOS, de Andrade FG, Fernandes GSA. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate-exposition in male rats during the peripubertal period impairs inflammatory mechanisms, antioxidant activity, and apoptosis process in kidneys of male pubertal rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23781. [PMID: 39051179 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) is a prodrug of dextroamphetamine, which has been widely recommended for the treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). There are still no data in the literature relating the possible toxic effects of LDX in the kidney. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of LDX exposure on morphological, oxidative stress, cell death and inflammation parameters in the kidneys of male pubertal Wistar rats, since the kidneys are organs related to the excretion of most drugs. For this, twenty male Wistar rats were distributed randomly into two experimental groups: LDX group-received 11,3 mg/kg/day of LDX; and Control group-received tap water. Animals were treated by gavage from postnatal day (PND) 25 to 65. At PND 66, plasma was collected to the biochemical dosage, and the kidneys were collected for determinations of the inflammatory profile, oxidative status, cell death, and for histochemical, and morphometric analyses. Our results show that there was an increase in the number of cells marked for cell death, and a reduction of proximal and distal convoluted tubules mean diameter in the group that received LDX. In addition, our results also showed an increase in MPO and NAG activity, indicating an inflammatory response. The oxidative status showed that the antioxidant system is working undisrupted and avoiding oxidative stress. Therefore, LDX-exposition in male rats during the peripubertal period causes renal changes in pubertal age involving inflammatory mechanisms, antioxidant activity and apoptosis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Vinícius Honório da Silva
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Pires Erthal
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Isadora Chagas Vercellone
- Department of Histology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Dayane Priscila Dos Santos
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Camila Rodrigues Ferraz
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Waldiceu Aparecido Verri
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Goulart de Andrade
- Department of Histology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL, Londrina, Brazil
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Troutman AD, Arroyo E, Sheridan EM, D'Amico DJ, Brandt PR, Hinrichs R, Chen X, Lim K, Avin KG. Skeletal muscle atrophy in clinical and preclinical models of chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:21-35. [PMID: 38062879 PMCID: PMC10834351 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are often regarded as experiencing wasting of muscle mass and declining muscle strength and function, collectively termed sarcopenia. The extent of skeletal muscle wasting in clinical and preclinical CKD populations is unclear. We evaluated skeletal muscle atrophy in preclinical and clinical models of CKD, with multiple sub-analyses for muscle mass assessment methods, CKD severity, sex and across the different preclinical models of CKD. We performed a systematic literature review of clinical and preclinical studies that measured muscle mass/size using the following databases: Ovid Medline, Embase and Scopus. A random effects meta-analysis was utilized to determine standard mean difference (SMD; Hedges' g) between healthy and CKD. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic. Preclinical study quality was assessed via the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation and clinical studies quality was assessed via the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020180737) prior to initiation of the search. A total of 111 studies were included in this analysis using the following subgroups: 106 studies in the primary CKD analysis, 18 studies that accounted for diabetes and 7 kidney transplant studies. Significant atrophy was demonstrated in 78% of the preclinical studies and 49% of the clinical studies. The random effects model demonstrated a medium overall SMD (SMD = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.52-0.64) when combining clinical and preclinical studies, a medium SMD for the clinical population (SMD = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.42-0.55; all stages) and a large SMD for preclinical CKD (SMD = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.76-1.14). Further sub-analyses were performed based upon assessment methods, disease status and animal model. Muscle atrophy was reported in 49% of the clinical studies, paired with small mean differences. Preclinical studies reported significant atrophy in 78% of studies, with large mean differences. Across multiple clinical sub-analyses such as severity of CKD, dialysis modality and diabetes, a medium mean difference was found. Sub-analyses in both clinical and preclinical studies found a large mean difference for males and medium for females suggesting sex-specific implications. Muscle atrophy differences varied based upon assessment method for clinical and preclinical studies. Limitations in study design prevented conclusions to be made about the extent of muscle loss with disease progression, or the impact of dialysis. Future work would benefit from the use of standardized measurement methods and consistent clinical staging to improve our understanding of atrophy changes in CKD progression, and analysis of biological sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D Troutman
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Eliott Arroyo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Sheridan
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Duncan J D'Amico
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Peyton R Brandt
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Rachel Hinrichs
- University Library, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Xiwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Keith G Avin
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Deus LAD, Corrêa HDL, Neves RVP, Reis AL, Honorato FS, Araújo TBD, Souza MK, Haro AS, Silva VL, Barbosa JMDS, Padula IA, Andrade RV, Simões HG, Prestes J, Stone WJ, Melo GF, Rosa TS. Metabolic and hormonal responses to chronic blood-flow restricted resistance training in chronic kidney disease: a randomized trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022; 47:183-194. [PMID: 35062832 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of glycemic and lipemic homeostasis can limit the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Resistance training (RT) is effective in controlling glycemia and lipemia in kidney disease; however, the effect of RT with blood flow restriction (RT+BFR) on these metabolic factors has not been investigated. We aimed to verify if chronic (6 months) RT and RT+BFR performed by patients with stage-2 chronic kidney disease (CKD) improves their glycemic homeostasis and immunometabolic profiles. Patients with CKD under conservative treatment (n = 105 (33 females)) from both sexes were randomized into control (n = 35 (11 females); age 57.6 ± 5.2 years), RT (n = 35 (12 females); age 58.0 ± 6.2 years), and RT+BFR (n = 35 (10 females); 58.0 ± 6.4 years) groups. Chronic RT or RT+BFR (6 months) was performed 3 times per week on non-consecutive days with training loading adjusted every 2 months, RT 50%-60%-70% of 1RM, and RT+BFR 30%-40%+50% of 1RM and fixed repetition number. Renal function was estimated with the glomerular filtration rate and serum albumin level. Metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory assessments were analyzed from blood samples. Six months of RT and RT+BFR were similarly effective in improving glucose homeostasis and hormone mediators of glucose uptake (e.g., irisin, adiponectin, and sirtuin-1), decreasing pro-inflammatory and fibrotic proteins, and attenuating the progression of estimated glomerular filtration rate. Thus, RT+BFR can be considered an additional exercise modality to be included in the treatment of patients with stage 2 chronic kidney disease. Trial registration number: U1111-1237-8231. URL: http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3gpg5w/, no. RBR-3gpg5w. Novelty: Glycemic regulation induced by resistance training prevents the progression of CKD. Chronic RT and RT+BFR promote similar changes in glycemic regulation. RT and RT+BFR can be considered as non-pharmacological tools for the treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysleine Alves de Deus
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília (UCB), Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Hugo de Luca Corrêa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília (UCB), Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Lucena Reis
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília (UCB), Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Fernando Sousa Honorato
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília (UCB), Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Michel Kendy Souza
- Department of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson Sola Haro
- Department of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Lopes Silva
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília (UCB), Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rosângela Vieira Andrade
- Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília (UCB), Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília (UCB), Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília (UCB), Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Whitley J Stone
- School of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, KY, USA
| | - Gislane Ferreira Melo
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília (UCB), Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Thiago Santos Rosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília (UCB), Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
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Rosa TDS, Corrêa HL, Barbosa LP, Santos PAD, Leite PLDA, Aguiar SS, Deus LA, Maciel LA, Neves RVP, Simoes HG. Age-related Decline in Renal Function is Attenuated in Master Athletes. Int J Sports Med 2021; 42:889-895. [PMID: 33684951 DOI: 10.1055/a-1332-1594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the kidney function and biomarkers of health in lifelong-trained sprinters and endurance runners, and compared them to untrained aged-matched and young controls. Sixty-two men (21-66 yr.) were recruited and allocated as master athletes from sprints (n=25), master athletes from endurance events (n=8), untrained middle-aged (n=14) and young controls (n=15). Participants underwent anamnesis, anthropometric measures and blood sampling for biochemical analyses of klotho, FGF23 and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Master sprinters presented better kidney function in relation to endurance athletes and their untrained peers (P<0.0001). A number of biochemical variables were observed that negatively (i. e., GDF-15, TGF-Beta, IL-18) or positively (i. e., klotho/FGF23 ratio and sestrin-2) correlated with eGFR. Sestrin-2 presented the strongest association with eGFR (r=0.5, P=0.03). Results also revealed that lifelong-trained individuals presented the highest probability of having better values for cystatin C and thus an estimated glomerular filtration rate that was 37-49% higher than untrained peers. Master sprinters presented better kidney function in relation to endurance athletes and middle-aged untrained peers. Sestrin-2 may play a role in exercise-induced kidney function protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Dos Santos Rosa
- Graduate Program on Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga, Brazil
| | - Hugo Luca Corrêa
- Graduate Program on Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga, Brazil
| | - Lucas Pinheiro Barbosa
- Graduate Program on Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga, Brazil
| | | | | | - Samuel Silva Aguiar
- Graduate Program on Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga, Brazil
| | - Lysleine Alves Deus
- Graduate Program on Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga, Brazil
| | - Larissa Alves Maciel
- Graduate Program on Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga, Brazil
| | | | - Herbert Gustavo Simoes
- Graduate Program on Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasilia, Taguatinga, Brazil
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Corrêa HL, Neves RVP, Deus LA, Souza MK, Haro AS, Costa F, Silva VL, Santos CAR, Moraes MR, Simões HG, Navalta JW, Prestes J, Rosa TS. Blood Flow Restriction Training Blunts Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:249-257. [PMID: 32826635 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to verify the effect of 6 months of periodized resistance training (RT) with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) in patients with stage 2 chronic kidney disease (CKD) on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), uremic parameters, cytokines, and klotho-fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) axis. METHODS A total of 105 subjects were randomized in three groups of 35 each: control (CTL), RT, and RT + BFR. A first visit was required for an anamnesis to evaluate the number of medications and anthropometric measurements (body weight, height, and body mass index). Muscle strength (one-repetition maximum) was assessed. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline and after 6 months of training in all patients for the analysis of markers of renal function and integrity, as well as for the determination of the inflammatory profile. Statistical significances were adopted with P < 0.05. RESULTS Both training therapies attenuated the decline of GFR (P < 0.05). The majority of CTL patients declined to stage 3 CKD (88.5%), whereas fewer incidents were noted with RT (25.7%) and RT + BFR (17.1%). Improved uremic parameters as well as inflammation (IL-6, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17a, IL-18, and TNF-α) and klotho-FGF23 axis in RT and RT + BFR (P < 0.05) were observed. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 was not changed (P > 0.05) but presented a large effect size (Cohen's d), demonstrating a propensity for improvement. CONCLUSION Six months of periodized RT with and without BFR in patients with stage 2 CKD attenuated the progression of the disease by maintaining GFR, improving uremic parameters, cytokine profile regulation, and klotho-FGF23 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Luca Corrêa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, BRAZIL
| | | | - Lysleine Alves Deus
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, BRAZIL
| | - Michel Kendy Souza
- Department of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BRAZIL
| | - Anderson Sola Haro
- Department of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BRAZIL
| | - Fernando Costa
- Department of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BRAZIL
| | - Victor Lopes Silva
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, BRAZIL
| | | | - Milton Rocha Moraes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, BRAZIL
| | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, BRAZIL
| | | | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, BRAZIL
| | - Thiago Santos Rosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, BRAZIL
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de Oliveira Brito-Monzani J, Stoyell-Conti FF, Shecaira TP, Dos Santos Ferreira Silva MP, da Silva Dias D, Bernardes N, De Angelis K. Aerobic or resistance training improves autonomic control of circulation in oophorectomized rats with cardiometabolic dysfunctions: Impact on renal oxidative stress. Exp Gerontol 2020; 145:111181. [PMID: 33340684 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction is associated with end organ damage and increased risk of mortality. Menopause and metabolic syndrome increase the risk for cardiorenal complications. In this study, we investigated the effects of aerobic or resistance exercise training on autonomic control of circulation and renal oxidative stress in a model of menopause and metabolic syndrome. Female Wistar rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were divided into 5 groups (n = 8): control (C), hypertensive (H), and sedentary (FHO), aerobic trained (FHOTa) and resistance trained (FHOTr) oophorectomized hypertensive treated with fructose (100 mg/mL drink water for 19 weeks). The FHO group presented increased vascular sympathetic modulation (LF-SBP), impaired baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) associated with increased blood pressure (BP) when compared to the H group. Aerobic exercise training enhanced tachycardic responses, while resistance training improved bradycardic responses to BP changes, thus ameliorating BRS. Moreover, despite unchanged BP, both exercise training protocols were effective in preventing increase in LF-SBP, reduction in systemic nitric oxide bioavailability (NOx), and increase in oxidative stress in the renal tissue, by decreasing lipid and protein oxidation in renal tissue. Positive correlation between LF-SBP and renal lipoperoxidation (r = 0.63, p < 0.05), as well as a negative correlation between NOx and renal lipoperoxidation (r = -0.66, p < 0.05) were observed. In conclusion, both aerobic and resistance exercise training were effective in improving autonomic control of circulation and reducing renal oxidative stress, thus attenuating the deleterious effects induced by arterial hypertension and fructose overload in female rats after ovarian hormone deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina de Oliveira Brito-Monzani
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Federal University of Maranhao (UFMA), Maranhao, Brazil
| | - Filipe Fernandes Stoyell-Conti
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tânia Plens Shecaira
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle da Silva Dias
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Bernardes
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Human Movement Laboratory, Sao Judas Tadeu University (USJT), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kátia De Angelis
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Therapeutic Approaches in Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, and Autophagy in Uremic Cachexia: Role of Aerobic Exercise. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:2789014. [PMID: 31530994 PMCID: PMC6721269 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2789014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes several systemic changes, including muscular homeostasis, and eventually results in muscle atrophy. CKD-induced muscle atrophy is highly prevalent, and exercise is well known to enhance muscle function in these cases, although the exact mechanism remains unclear. Here, we aim to assess whether the protective effect of aerobic exercise in 5/6 nephrectomized (CKD) mice is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, or inflammation. C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated into 3 different experimental groups: Sham, CKD, and CKD+aerobic exercise (CKD+AE). Renal function was assessed via serum creatinine and urea levels, and histological PAS and Masson staining were performed. Muscle wasting was determined based on grip strength, cross-sectional area (CSA), and MyHC protein expression. We also measured mitochondrial dysfunction in mice by assessing mtDNA, ROS, ATP production, and mitochondrial configuration. Autophagy was determined via assessments for Atg7, LC3, and SQSTM1 on western blotting. Inflammation was identified via proinflammatory cytokines and NLRP3 inflammasome components using real-time PCR and western blotting. We found that CKD mice exhibited higher BUN and creatinine levels and more severe glomerulosclerosis in the glomeruli and renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, relative to the Sham group; all these effects were relieved by aerobic exercise. Moreover, grip strength, CSA, and MyHC protein expression were improved after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise. Furthermore, aerobic exercise significantly decreased MDA levels, increased SOD2 activity and ATP production, and improved mitochondrial configuration, relative to the CKD group. In addition, aerobic exercise downregulated the overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines and NLRP3 inflammasome components and balanced the mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy-lysosomal system. Thus, we observed that aerobic exercise may ameliorate CKD-induced muscle wasting by improving mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and autophagy-lysosomal system in uremic cachexia.
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l-Arginine supplementation blunts resistance exercise improvement in rats with chronic kidney disease. Life Sci 2019; 232:116604. [PMID: 31260684 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients present L-arginine (L-arg) deficiency and L-arg supplementation has been used as a treatment. In addition, sarcopenia is another common problem in CKD population, resistance training (RT) is one of the conservative strategies developed to prevent CKD progression, and however there are no evidences of a combination of these two strategies to treat CKD outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral L-arg supplementation combined with RT in an experimental model of CKD. Twenty-five Munich-Wistar male rats, 8-week-old were divided in 5 groups: Sham (sedentary control), Nx (CKD sedentary), Nx L-arg (CKD sedentary supplemented with 2% of L-arg), Nx RT (CKD exercised) Nx RT + L-arg (CKD exercised and supplemented with 2% of L-arg). CKD model was obtained by a subtotal 5/6 nephrectomy. RT was performed on a ladder climbing, three weekly sessions on non-consecutive days, with an intensity of 70% maximum carrying capacity. They were submitted to RT and/or L-arg supplementation for 10 weeks. There was a significant improvement in muscle strength, renal function, anti-inflammatory cytokines, arginase metabolism and renal fibrosis after RT. However, the combination of RT and L-arg impaired all the improvements promoted by RT alone. The L-arg supplementation alone did not impair renal fibrosis and renal function. In conclusion, RT improved inflammatory balance, muscle strength, renal function and consequently decreased renal fibrosis. Nevertheless, the association with L-arg supplementation prevented all these effects promoted by RT.
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