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Fortuna G. Highest Dose of Eslicarbazepine for Refractory Secondary Trigeminal Neuralgia. Am J Ther 2024; 31:e514-e516. [PMID: 38976542 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000001714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Fortuna
- Department of Oral Medicine, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom and
- Federico Navarro Institute-School of Orgonomy "Piero Borrelli," Naples, Italy
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Hajhashemi V, Sadeghi H, Madab FK. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of sitagliptin in animal models and possible mechanisms involved in the antinociceptive activity. Korean J Pain 2024; 37:26-33. [PMID: 38123184 PMCID: PMC10764209 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.23262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sitagliptin is an antidiabetic drug that inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme. This study aimed to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of sitagliptin in formalin and carrageenan tests and determine the possible mechanism(s) of its antinociceptive activity. Methods Male Swiss mice (25-30 g) and male Wistar rats (180-220 g) were used for formalin and carrageenan tests, respectively. In the formalin test, paw licking time and in the carrageenan test, paw thickness were considered as indexes of pain behavior and inflammation respectively. Three doses of sitagliptin (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) were used in these tests. Also, several antagonists and enzyme inhibitors were used to evaluate the role of adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and opioid receptors as well as the NO/cGMP/KATP pathway in the antinociceptive effect of sitagliptin (5 mg/kg). Results Sitagliptin showed significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in the formalin and carrageenan tests respectively. In the carrageenan test, all three doses of sitagliptin significantly (P < 0.001) reduced paw thickness. Pretreatment with yohimbine, prazosin, propranolol, naloxone, and cyproheptadine could not reverse the antinociceptive effect of sitagliptin (5 mg/Kg), which indicates that adrenergic, opioid, and serotonin receptors (5HT2) are not involved in the antinociceptive effects. L-NAME, methylene blue, glibenclamide, ondansetron, and sulpiride were able to reverse this effect. Conclusions NO/cGMP/KATP, 5HT3 and D2 pathways play an important role in the antinociceptive effect of sitagliptin. Additionally significant anti-inflammatory effects observed in the carrageenan test might contribute in reduction of pain response in the second phase of the formalin test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valiollah Hajhashemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Karimi Madab
- Department of Pharmacology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Turan Yücel N, Kandemir Ü, Üçel Uİ, Demir Özkay Ü, Can ÖD. Catecholaminergic and Cholinergic Systems Mediate Beneficial Effect of Vortioxetine on Diabetes-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041137. [PMID: 37189755 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of vortioxetine on mechanical hyperalgesia/allodynia was investigated in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, and its possible mechanism of action was elucidated in this study. The obtained findings demonstrated that subacute vortioxetine treatment (5 and 10 mg/kg for 2 weeks) increased the reduced paw-withdrawal thresholds of diabetic rats both in the Randall-Selitto and Dynamic plantar tests. Moreover, the falling latencies of animals did not change in the Rota-rod assessments. These results suggest that vortioxetine administration significantly improved diabetes-induced hyperalgesia and allodynia responses in the rats without affecting their motor coordination. The vortioxetine (5 mg/kg)-induced antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic effects were reversed by AMPT, yohimbine, ICI 118,551, sulpiride and atropine pre-treatments, suggesting the involvement of the catecholaminergic system, α2- and β2-adrenoceptors, D2/3 dopaminergic receptors and cholinergic muscarinic receptors in the exhibited pharmacological activity, respectively. Moreover, the data from the immunohistochemical studies indicated that the inhibition of c-Fos overexpression in dorsal horn neurons also mediates the beneficial effect of this drug. Vortioxetine induced no difference in plasma glucose levels in diabetic rats. If clinical studies confirm these findings, the concomitant beneficial effect of vortioxetine on mood disorders and its neutral activity profile on glycemic control may make it an alternative drug for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Turan Yücel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ümmühan Kandemir
- Vocational School of Health Services, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230 Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Umut İrfan Üçel
- Vocational School of Health Services, Bayburt University, 69000 Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Ümide Demir Özkay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Özgür Devrim Can
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
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Hajhashemi V, Salimian M, Hajihashemi O. Involvement of the NO/cGMP/K ATP pathway in the antinociceptive effect of rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis ) essential oil in mice. Behav Pharmacol 2023; 34:37-44. [PMID: 36730811 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Rosemary essential oil (REO) has been used for several medical purposes. Previous studies have shown the antinociceptive effect of the oil. This study aimed to investigate the role of some well-known receptors in the antinociceptive effect of REO. Male Swiss mice (25-30 g) were used. To assess the antinociceptive activity, the formalin test was used. At first, the antinociceptive effect of three doses of rosemary oil (150, 300 and 450 µL/kg) was tested, and then a dose of 300 µL/kg was selected for the mechanistic study. Animals were pretreated with several antagonists and enzyme inhibitors to evaluate the role of adrenergic, cholinergic, serotoninergic, dopaminergic and opioid receptors as well as the NO/cGMP/K ATP pathway in the antinociceptive effect of rosemary essential oil. Yohimbine (5 mg/kg), prazocin (2 mg/kg), propranolol (2 mg/kg), atropine (2.5 mg/kg) naloxone (5 mg/kg), cyproheptadine (2 mg/kg), ondansetron (2 mg/kg) and haloperidol (1 mg/kg) could not reverse the antinociceptive effect. Sulpiride (20 mg/kg) only showed preventive activity in the early phase of formalin test while methylene blue (5 mg/kg), L-NAME (20 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the antinociceptive effect of REO in both phases. Tadalafil (2 mg/kg) potentiated the antinociceptive effect of REO in the late phase of formalin test and arginine (100 mg/kg) had no effect on both phases. Therefore the NO/cGMP/K ATP pathway might have an important role in the antinociceptive effect of REO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Majid Salimian
- Department of Pharmacology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center
| | - Omid Hajihashemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Pecikoza U, Tomić M, Nastić K, Micov A, Stepanović-Petrović R. Synergism between metformin and analgesics/vitamin B12 in a model of painful diabetic neuropathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113441. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Todorović M, Micov A, Nastić K, Tomić M, Pecikoza U, Vuković M, Stepanović-Petrović R. Vortioxetine as an analgesic in preclinical inflammatory pain models: Mechanism of action. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 36:237-249. [PMID: 34820899 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vortioxetine is a novel atypical antidepressant with multimodal activity that has recently demonstrated efficacy against neuropathic pain. There is no published data about its analgesic properties in models characterized by peripheral inflammation and consequent pain pathway sensitization, nor data on its mechanism of antinociceptive action. This study aimed to investigate vortioxetine's antinociceptive/antihyperalgesic effects in trigeminal, visceral, and somatic inflammatory pain models, and provide evidence on its mechanism of action in the modulation of trigeminal nociception. Vortioxetine's effects on the nociceptive behavior in orofacial formalin test (OFT) and acetic acid-writhing test in mice and on mechanical hyperalgesia in carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in rats were examined following peroral single administration. The involvement of serotonergic/adrenergic/cholinergic/cannabinoid/adenosine receptors was evaluated in OFT by intraperitoneally treating mice with an appropriate antagonist immediately after vortioxetine application. We used antagonists of 5-HT1B/1D serotonergic (GR 127935), α1 -adrenergic (prazosin), α2 -adrenergic (yohimbine), β1 -adrenergic (metoprolol), muscarinic (atropine), α7 nicotinic (methyllycaconitine), CB1 /CB2 cannabinoid (AM251 and AM630), and adenosine A1 (DPCPX) receptors. Vortioxetine dose-dependently reduced pain behavior in OFT and acetic acid writhing test, as well as inflammatory hyperalgesia in paw pressure test. All examined antagonists except prazosin dose-dependently inhibited vortioxetine's antinociceptive effects. In conclusion, vortioxetine exerted analgesic efficacy in trigeminal, visceral, and somatic inflammatory pain. The effect is at least in part mediated by 5-HT1B/1D serotonergic, α2 /β1 -adrenergic, muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic, CB1 /CB2 cannabinoid, and adenosine A1 receptors. These findings contribute to better understanding of the analgesic effect of vortioxetine and suggest its potential usefulness for inflammatory pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Todorović
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Micov
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Nastić
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Tomić
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uroš Pecikoza
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milja Vuković
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
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Abstract
This paper is the forty-first consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2018 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (2), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (3) and humans (4), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (5), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (6), stress and social status (7), learning and memory (8), eating and drinking (9), drug abuse and alcohol (10), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (11), mental illness and mood (12), seizures and neurologic disorders (13), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (14), general activity and locomotion (15), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (16), cardiovascular responses (17), respiration and thermoregulation (18), and immunological responses (19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, 11367, United States.
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Pecikoza U, Tomić M, Micov A, Vuković M, Stepanović-Petrović R. Eslicarbazepine acetate interacts in a beneficial manner with standard and alternative analgesics to reduce trigeminal nociception. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1435-1446. [PMID: 32025776 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Acute pain states in the trigeminal region (headaches, dental pain) fall into the most prevalent painful conditions. Standard analgesics (paracetamol/NSAIDs) represent the cornerstone of their treatment, whereas triptans are primarily used in migraine attacks. Due to limited efficacy and/or side effects of current treatments, identifying favorable combinations of available drugs is justified. OBJECTIVES Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is a novel antiepileptic drug whose effectiveness against trigeminal pain was recently demonstrated. Here, we examined the interactions between ESL and several standard/alternative analgesics (paracetamol, propyphenazone, naproxen, zolmitriptan, and metoclopramide) in a model of trigeminal pain. METHODS The antinociceptive effects of orally administered ESL, standard/alternative analgesics, and two-drug ESL-analgesic combinations were examined in the orofacial formalin test in mice. The type of interaction between drugs was determined by isobolographic analysis. RESULTS ESL, analgesics, and two-drug ESL-analgesic combinations significantly and dose-dependently reduced nociceptive behaviour in the second, inflammatory phase of the test. Isobolographic analysis revealed that ESL interacted additively with paracetamol/propyphenazone/zolmitriptan and synergistically with naproxen/metoclopramide (with about a 4-fold and 3-fold reduction of doses in the ESL-naproxen and ESL-metoclopramide combination, respectively). CONCLUSIONS ESL interacted in a beneficial manner with several analgesics that are used for trigeminal pain treatment, producing synergistic interactions with naproxen/metoclopramide and additive interactions with paracetamol/propyphenazone/zolmitriptan. Our results suggest that combining ESL with analgesics could theoretically enable the use of lower doses of individual drugs for achieving pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uroš Pecikoza
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, P.O. Box 146, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia.
| | - Maja Tomić
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, P.O. Box 146, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Ana Micov
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, P.O. Box 146, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Milja Vuković
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, P.O. Box 146, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Radica Stepanović-Petrović
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, P.O. Box 146, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
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Turan Yücel N, Can ÖD, Demir Özkay Ü. Catecholaminergic and opioidergic system mediated effects of reboxetine on diabetic neuropathic pain. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1131-1145. [PMID: 31912189 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Current data indicate that the noradrenergic system plays a critical role in neuropathic pain treatment. Notably, drugs that directly affect this system may have curative potential in neuropathy-associated pain. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential therapeutic efficacy of reboxetine, a potent and selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, on hyperalgesia and allodynia responses in rats with experimental diabetes. Furthermore, mechanistic studies were performed to elucidate the possible mode of actions. METHODS Experimental diabetes was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin. Mechanical hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and thermal allodynia responses in diabetic rats were evaluated by Randall-Selitto, dynamic plantar, Hargreaves, and warm plate tests, respectively. RESULTS Reboxetine treatment (8 and 16 mg/kg for 2 weeks) demonstrated an effect comparable to that of the reference drug, pregabalin, improving the hyperalgesic and allodynic responses secondary to diabetes mellitus. Pretreatment with phentolamine, metoprolol, SR 59230A, and atropine did not alter the abovementioned effects of reboxetine; however, the administration of α-methyl-para-tyrosine methyl ester, propranolol, ICI-118,551, SCH-23390, sulpiride, and naltrindole significantly inhibited these effects. Moreover, reboxetine did not induce a significant difference in the rat plasma glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic effects of reboxetine are mediated by the catecholaminergic system; β2-adrenoceptors; D1-, D2/D3-dopaminergic receptors; and δ-opioid receptors. The results suggest that this analgesic effect of reboxetine, besides its neutral profile on glycemic control, may be advantageous in the pharmacotherapy of diabetic neuropathy-induced pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Turan Yücel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Özgür Devrim Can
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ümide Demir Özkay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
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