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Chen M, Zhu J, Luo H, Mu W, Guo L. The journey towards physiology and pathology: Tracing the path of neuregulin 4. Genes Dis 2024; 11:687-700. [PMID: 37692526 PMCID: PMC10491916 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4), an epidermal growth factor (EGF) family member, can bind to and activate the ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase. Nrg4 has five different isoforms by alternative splicing and performs a wide variety of functions. Nrg4 is involved in a spectrum of physiological processes including neurobiogenesis, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, thermogenesis, and angiogenesis. In pathological processes, Nrg4 inhibits inflammatory factor levels and suppresses apoptosis in inflammatory diseases. In addition, Nrg4 could ameliorate obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, Nrg4 improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by promoting autophagy, improving lipid metabolism, and inhibiting cell death of hepatocytes. Besides, Nrg4 is closely related to the development of cancer, hyperthyroidism, and some other diseases. Therefore, elucidation of the functional role and mechanisms of Nrg4 will provide a clearer view of the therapeutic potential and possible risks of Nrg4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- School of Exercise and Health and Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jieying Zhu
- School of Exercise and Health and Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hongyang Luo
- School of Exercise and Health and Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wangjing Mu
- School of Exercise and Health and Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liang Guo
- School of Exercise and Health and Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
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Liu Y, Chen M. Neuregulin 4 as a novel adipokine in energy metabolism. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1106380. [PMID: 36703934 PMCID: PMC9873244 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1106380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue has been shown to play a key role in energy metabolism and it has been shown to regulate metabolic homeostasis through the secretion of adipokines. Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4), a novel adipokine secreted mainly by brown adipose tissue (BAT), has recently been characterized as having an important effect on the regulation of energy homeostasis and glucolipid metabolism. Nrg4 can modulate BAT-related thermogenesis by increasing sympathetic innervation of adipose tissue and therefore has potential metabolic benefits. Nrg4 improves metabolic dysregulation in various metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and diabetes through several mechanisms such as anti-inflammation, autophagy regulation, pro-angiogenesis, and lipid metabolism normalization. However, inconsistent findings are found regarding the effects of Nrg4 on metabolic diseases in clinical settings, and this heterogeneity needs to be further clarified by future studies. The potential metabolic protective effect of Nrg4 suggests that it may be a promising endocrine therapeutic target.
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Attique H, Baig S, Ishtiaque S, Rehman R, Ahmed ST, Ali Shahid M. Neuregulin 4 (NRG4) - the hormone with clinical significance in gestational diabetes mellitus. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:1931-1936. [PMID: 35603674 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2054683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at determining the association between serum neuregulin 4 (NRG4) and insulin in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their correlation with other metabolic parameters. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2018 to February 2019 at Ziauddin University, Karachi. Pregnant women (n = 80), at 24-28 weeks of gestation, were recruited. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements and antenatal history were recorded. The fasting blood was drawn for testing fasting blood sugar (FBS), NRG4, insulin and lipid profile. The subjects were evaluated for glucose challenge test after 50 g glucose ingestion. NRG4 levels (1.00 ± 0.15) were found significantly high (p < .04) in healthy group compared to GDM (0.95 ± 0.11). In GDM females, high levels for FBS (p < .02) and cholesterol (p < .03) were observed. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) had direct weak association with NRG4, inverse relationship with cholesterol and LDL but significant association (p < .05) with insulin. Significantly high NRG4 in healthy females suggests its potential role in regulating insulin sensitivity. Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? Neuregulin 4 (NGR4) is a batokine which plays a potential role in regulating insulin sensitivity, maintaining energy and metabolic homeostasis. Due to its role in lipid and glucose homeostasis, some studies report its role in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) but the results were controversial.What do the results of this study add? The study showed that NGR4 levels were significantly low in GDM subjects. Other metabolic factors especially insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were found associated significantly (p < .05) with NGR4.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? NGR4 can be a potential biomarker for gestational diabetes. Nevertheless, in order to confirm these findings, further studies, with bigger sample size are required to further ascertain the prospects of NRG4 as a potential biomarker for gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Attique
- Department of Physiology, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saeeda Baig
- Department of Biochemistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shahina Ishtiaque
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Rehman
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Agha Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Cheng JX, Yu K. New Discovered Adipokines Associated with the Pathogenesis of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:2381-2389. [PMID: 35966830 PMCID: PMC9371465 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s376163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, closely associated with the increased risk of various comorbidities, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Adipose tissue is a complex structure responsible for not only fat storage but also releasing adipokines which may play roles in the pathogenesis and could be developed into biomarkers for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of obesity-related metabolic diseases. This review aims to summarize several adipokines discovered recently that have promising functions in obesity and T2DM. Among them, the levels of FSTL1, WISP1 and Asprosin in subjects with obesity or diabetes are commonly higher than in normal controls, suggesting that they may be pathogenic. Inversely, SFRP5, Metrnl, NRG4 and FAM19A5 may serve as the protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xue Cheng
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Yu
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ke Yu, Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 82, Xinhua South Road, Tongzhou District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13811657618, Email
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Meraci B, Gunpinar S, Dundar N. Clinical importance of neuregulin-4 and its receptor ErbB4 in periodontal disease pathogenesis. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1326-1336. [PMID: 32274847 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate the levels of Neuregulin-4 (Nrg4), Erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (ErbB4), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-2, and arginase (Arg)-1 in periodontal health and disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study includes systemically healthy 20 periodontally healthy (H), 20 gingivitis (G), 20 stage II periodontitis (P1), and 20 stage III periodontitis (P2) subjects. Periodontal clinical measurements and samples of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum were obtained at baseline and 4 weeks after non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine ErbB4, Nrg4, IL-6, IL-10, NOS2, and Arg1 levels in all samples. RESULTS GCF ErbB4 and Nrg4 total amounts and IL-6/IL-10 ratio were significantly higher in G, P1, and P2 groups than H group. Serum NOS2 levels were significantly lower, whereas serum Arg1 levels were higher in H group than the others. The GCF levels of ErbB4 and Nrg4 were significantly decreased after NSPT in G, P1, and P2 groups. Additionally, the GCF levels of ErbB4 and Nrg4 were positively correlated with all clinical parameters and IL-6/IL-10 ratio. CONCLUSIONS Nrg4 and its receptor ErbB4 might have crucial roles in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. These results should be verified with future prospective studies to further clarify the exact role of those biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Meraci
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Sadiye Gunpinar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Niyazi Dundar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Research Center, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Zhu B, Mei W, Jiao T, Yang S, Xu X, Yu H, Ding Y, Guo S, Meng B, Zhao L, He M, Dong K, Guo H, Guo X, Zhang H, Dang R, Xiang G, Wen N. Neuregulin 4 alleviates hepatic steatosis via activating AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy in aged mice fed a high fat diet. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 884:173350. [PMID: 32726654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) is a brown fat-enriched endocrine factor that exerts beneficial metabolic effects on insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Autophagy is a mechanism that is essential for preventing hepatic steatosis. The aim of this study was to explore whether Nrg4 ameliorates hepatic steatosis by inducing autophagy. Aged C57BL/6 mice were maintained on a high fat diet with or without Nrg4 intervention for 3 months. Lipid accumulation in the liver was investigated. Autophagy related protein levels along with related signaling pathways that regulate autophagy were evaluated. In addition, the effects of Nrg4 on autophagy were also determined in cultured L-02 cells. Nrg4 decreased high-fat induced intrahepatic lipid content both in vivo and in vitro. Autophagy level in the liver also decreased in obese mice and Nrg4 intervention reactivated autophagy. Further, Nrg4 intervention was found to have activated autophagy via the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Moreover, when the AMPK/mTOR pathway was suppressed or autophagy was inhibited, the beneficial effects of Nrg4 intervention on hepatic steatosis were diminished. These results indicated that Nrg4 intervention attenuated hepatic steatosis by promoting autophagy in the liver of aged obese mice. Additionally, Nrg4 induced autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China; Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Yuhua Dong Road 342, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Wen Mei
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanhai District People's Hospital of Foshan, Foping Road 40, Foshan, 528200, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Ting Jiao
- Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Yuhua Dong Road 342, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shatai Nan Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shatai Nan Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuluo Road 627, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Hanying Yu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yan Ding
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shatai Nan Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuluo Road 627, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Shuqin Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shatai Nan Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Biying Meng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shatai Nan Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuluo Road 627, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Lisheng Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Mingjuan He
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shatai Nan Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Keming Dong
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Yongding Road 69, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Yongding Road 69, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Ximin Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Yongding Road 69, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Haisong Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Yuhua Dong Road 342, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Ruijie Dang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China; Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Yuhua Dong Road 342, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Guangda Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuluo Road 627, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Ning Wen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Gan Q, Wang J, Hu J, Lou G, Xiong H, Peng C, Zheng S, Huang Q. The role of diosgenin in diabetes and diabetic complications. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 198:105575. [PMID: 31899316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic and common metabolic disease that seriously endangers human health. Hyperglycemia and long-term metabolic disorders in diabetes will cause damage to the whole body tissues and organs, resulting in serious complications. Nowadays, drugs for treating diabetes on the market has strong side effects, new treatments thus are urgently needed. Natural therapy of natural ingredients is a promising avenue, this is because natural ingredients are safer and they also show strong activity in the treatment of diabetes. Diosgenin is such a very biologically active natural steroidal sapogenin. The research of diosgenin in the treatment of diabetes and its complications has been widely reported. This article reviews the effects of diosgenin through multiple targets and multiple pathways in diabetes and its complications which including diabetic nephropathy, diabetic liver disease, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic vascular disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic reproductive dysfunction, and diabetic eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Gan
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ju Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Guanhua Lou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Haijun Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Chengyi Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Song Zheng
- Sichuan Kaimei Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd, No.155, Section 1, Fuxing Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Qinwan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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8
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Tutunchi H, Ostadrahimi A, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Miryan M, Mobasseri M, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M. A systematic review of the association of neuregulin 4, a brown fat-enriched secreted factor, with obesity and related metabolic disturbances. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12952. [PMID: 31782243 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4), a novel brown fat-enriched hormone, plays a key role in the modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and energy balance. Recent data have demonstrated that the expression of Nrg4 is substantially down-regulated in mouse and human obesity, making its regulatory aspect intriguing. Because of the close relationship between Nrg4, obesity, and associated metabolic diseases, this systematic review aimed to assess the association of Nrg4 with obesity and related metabolic disturbances, emphasizing its possible mechanisms of action in these disorders. We searched PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, EMBASE, ProQuest, and Google Scholar up until June 2019. The evidence reviewed here indicates that Nrg4 may contribute to the prevention of obesity and related metabolic complications by elevating brown adipose tissue activity, increasing the expression of thermogenic markers, decreasing the expression of lipogenic/adipogenic genes, exacerbating white adipose tissue browning, increasing the number of brite/beige adipocytes, promoting hepatic fat oxidation and ketogenesis, inducing neurite outgrowth, enhancing blood vessels in adipose tissue, increasing the circulatory levels of healthy adipokines, and improving glucose homeostasis. Thus, Nrg4 appears to be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity and associated metabolic complications. However, prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helda Tutunchi
- Nutrition Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Miryan
- Nutrition Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Mobasseri
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Rega-Kaun G, Kaun C, Jaegersberger G, Prager M, Hackl M, Demyanets S, Wojta J, Hohensinner PJ. Roux-en-Y-Bariatric Surgery Reduces Markers of Metabolic Syndrome in Morbidly Obese Patients. Obes Surg 2019; 30:391-400. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-04190-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Obesity is closely linked to increased markers of metabolic syndrome and development of diabetes. Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery reduces hyperinsulinemia and improves insulin sensitivity and hence benefits morbidly obese patients.
Aim
To determine changes in markers of metabolic syndrome, pancreatic function, and hepatic insulin sensitivity in patients before and 1 year after undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.
Methods
We enrolled 43 consecutive patients in a single center. Markers for metabolic syndrome included proinsulin, insulin, C-peptide, liver enzymes, and serum levels of selected microRNAs hsa-miR-122, hsa-miR-130, hsa-miR-132, and hsa-miR-375.
Results
After surgery, all patients showed a significant 37% drop of body mass index (p < 0.001). Furthermore, proinsulin (59% reduction, p < 0.001), insulin (76% reduction, p < 0.001), and C-peptide (56% reduction, p < 0.001) were all reduced 1 year after surgery. Using the hepatic insulin clearance score, we determined a significant increase in hepatic insulin clearance after surgery (76% increase, p < 0.001). Especially diabetic patients showed a marked 2.1-fold increase after surgery. Hepatic enzymes ALT (35% reduction, p = 0.002) and γGT (48% reduction, p < 0.001) were significantly reduced in all patients with similar improvement in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. miRNAs hsa-miR-122, hsa-miR-130, and hsa-miR-132 were all significantly reduced whereas hsa-miR-375 was increased after gastric bypass surgery (p < 0.001 for all miRNAs).
Conclusion
Both liver and pancreatic stress parameters were reduced significantly 1 year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery suggesting an overall amelioration of the metabolic syndrome in all patients regardless of previous health status.
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Li M, Chen Y, Jiang J, Lu Y, Song Z, Zhang S, Sun C, Ying H, Fan X, Song Y, Yang J, Zhao L. Elevated serum neuregulin 4 levels in patients with hyperthyroidism. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:728-735. [PMID: 31063974 PMCID: PMC6547303 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have shown that neuregulin 4 (Nrg4), a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of extracellular ligands, plays an important role in the prevention of obesity, insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Considering that thyroid hormone (TH) has profound effects on whole-body energy metabolism, we speculate that circulating Nrg4 levels might be altered in patients with hyperthyroidism. DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 129 hyperthyroid patients and 100 healthy subjects were recruited. Of them, 39 hyperthyroid patients received thionamide treatment for 3 months until euthyroidism. Serum Nrg4 levels were determined using the ELISA method. To further confirm the relationship between TH and Nrg4, C57BL/6 mice were treated with T3 and quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect Nrg4 gene expression. RESULTS Serum Nrg4 levels were significantly elevated in hyperthyroid patients as compared with normal controls (3.84 ± 1.63 vs 2.21 ± 1.04 ng/mL, P < 0.001). After achieving euthyroidism by thionamide treatment, serum Nrg4 levels dropped markedly from 3.57 ± 1.26 to 1.94 ± 0.72 ng/ml (P < 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, serum Nrg4 levels were independently associated with hyperthyroidism. The upregulation of Nrg4 expression in the livers and white adipose tissues by T3 was further confirmed by animal and cell culture experiments. CONCLUSIONS Serum Nrg4 levels were increased in patients with hyperthyroidism. The liver and white adipose tissue might be primary sources contributing to elevated serum Nrg4 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyi Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Ying
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofang Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuping Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to Y Song or J Yang or L Zhao: or or
| | - Jialin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Central Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to Y Song or J Yang or L Zhao: or or
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to Y Song or J Yang or L Zhao: or or
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