1
|
Liu C, Ju R. Potential Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Modulating Protein Homeostasis in Oligodendrocytes to Improve White Matter Injury in Preterm Infants. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5295-5307. [PMID: 38180617 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Preterm white matter injury (WMI) is a demyelinating disease with high incidence and mortality in premature infants. Oligodendrocyte cells (OLs) are a specialized glial cell that produces myelin proteins and adheres to the axons providing energy and metabolic support which susceptible to endoplasmic reticulum protein quality control. Disruption of cellular protein homeostasis led to OLs dysfunction and cell death, immediately, the unfolded protein response (UPR) activated to attempt to restore the protein homeostasis via IRE1/XBP1s, PERK/eIF2α and ATF6 pathway that reduced protein translation, strengthen protein-folding capacity, and degraded unfolding/misfolded protein. Moreover, recent works have revealed the conspicuousness function of ER signaling pathways in regulating influenced factors such as calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial reactive oxygen generation, and autophagy activation to regulate protein hemostasis and improve the myelination function of OLs. Each of the regulation modes and their corresponding molecular mechanisms provides unique opportunities and distinct perspectives to obtain a deep understanding of different actions of ER stress in maintaining OLs' health and function. Therefore, our review focuses on summarizing the current understanding of ER stress on OLs' protein homeostasis micro-environment in myelination during white matter development, as well as the pathophysiology of WMI, and discussing the further potential experimental therapeutics targeting these factors that restore the function of the UPR in OLs myelination function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Rong Ju
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu HJ, Koju N, Sheng R. Mammalian integrated stress responses in stressed organelles and their functions. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1095-1114. [PMID: 38267546 PMCID: PMC11130345 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) triggered in response to various cellular stress enables mammalian cells to effectively cope with diverse stressful conditions while maintaining their normal functions. Four kinases (PERK, PKR, GCN2, and HRI) of ISR regulate ISR signaling and intracellular protein translation via mediating the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 α (eIF2α) at Ser51. Early ISR creates an opportunity for cells to repair themselves and restore homeostasis. This effect, however, is reversed in the late stages of ISR. Currently, some studies have shown the non-negligible impact of ISR on diseases such as ischemic diseases, cognitive impairment, metabolic syndrome, cancer, vanishing white matter, etc. Hence, artificial regulation of ISR and its signaling with ISR modulators becomes a promising therapeutic strategy for relieving disease symptoms and improving clinical outcomes. Here, we provide an overview of the essential mechanisms of ISR and describe the ISR-related pathways in organelles including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. Meanwhile, the regulatory effects of ISR modulators and their potential application in various diseases are also enumerated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Nirmala Koju
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang N, Nao J, Zhang S, Dong X. Novel insights into the activating transcription factor 4 in Alzheimer's disease and associated aging-related diseases: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Front Neuroendocrinol 2024:101144. [PMID: 38797197 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Ageing is inherent to all human beings, most mechanistic explanations of ageing results from the combined effects of various physiological and pathological processes. Additionally, aging pivotally contributes to several chronic diseases. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a member of the ATF/cAMP response element-binding protein family, has recently emerged as a pivotal player owing to its indispensable role in the pathophysiological processes of Alzheimer's disease and aging-related diseases. Moreover, ATF4 is integral to numerous biological processes. Therefore, this article aims to comprehensively review relevant research on the role of ATF4 in the onset and progression of aging-related diseases, elucidating its potential mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Our objective is to furnish scientific evidence for the early identification of risk factors in aging-related diseases and pave the way for new research directions for their treatment. By elucidating the signaling pathway network of ATF4 in aging-related diseases, we aspire to gain a profound understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms, offering novel strategies for addressing aging and developing related therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Seventh Clinical College of China Medical University, No. 24 Central Street, Xinfu District, Fushun 113000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jianfei Nao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He S, Shi Y, Ye J, Yin J, Yang Y, Liu D, Shen T, Zeng D, Zhang M, Li S, Xu F, Cai Y, Zhao F, Li H, Peng D. Does decreased autophagy and dysregulation of LC3A in astrocytes play a role in major depressive disorder? Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:362. [PMID: 38001115 PMCID: PMC10673997 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytic dysfunction contributes to the molecular pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the astrocytic subtype that mainly contributes to MDD etiology and whether dysregulated autophagy in astrocytes is associated with MDD remain unknown. Using a single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) atlas, three astrocyte subtypes were identified in MDD, while C2 State-1Q astrocytes showed aberrant changes in both cell proportion and most differentially expressed genes compared with other subtypes. Moreover, autophagy pathways were commonly inhibited in astrocytes in the prefrontal cortices (PFCs) of patients with MDD, especially in C2 State-1Q astrocytes. Furthermore, by integrating snRNA-seq and bulk transcriptomic data, we found significant reductions in LC3A expression levels in the PFC region of CUMS-induced depressed mice, as well as in postmortem PFC tissues and peripheral blood samples from patients with MDD. These results were further validated by qPCR using whole-blood samples from patients with MDD and healthy controls. Finally, LC3A expression in the whole blood of patients with MDD was negatively associated with the severity of depressive symptoms. Overall, our results underscore autophagy inhibition in PFC astrocytes as a common molecular characteristic in MDD and might reveal a novel potential diagnostic marker LC3A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shen He
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinmei Ye
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Yin
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yufang Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Shen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan Zeng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feikang Xu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyun Cai
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Faming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Huafang Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Daihui Peng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lv S, Geng X, Yun HJ, Ding Y. Phenothiazines reduced autophagy in ischemic stroke through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated PERK-eIF2α pathway. Exp Neurol 2023; 369:114524. [PMID: 37673390 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroprotective effects have been the main focus of new treatment modalities for ischemic stroke. Phenothiazines, or chlorpromazine plus promethazine (C + P), are known to prevent the generation of free radicals and uptake of Ca2+ by plasma membrane; they have a potential as a treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study aims to investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated PERK-eIF2α pathway underlying the phenothiazine-induced neuroprotective effects after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS A total of 49 male Sprague Dawley rats (280-320 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 7 per group): (1) sham, (2) I/R that received 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), followed by 6 or 24 h of reperfusion, (3) MCAO treated by C + P without temperature control and (4) MCAO treated by C + P with temperature control. Human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells were used in 5 groups: (1) control, (2) oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 2 h followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R), (3) OGD/R with C + P; (4) OGD/R with PERK inhibitor, GSK2656157, and (5) OGD/R with C + P and GSK2656157. The molecules of ER stress, unfolded protein response (UPR) (Bip, PERK, p-PERK, p-PERK/PERK, eIF2α, p-eIF2α, p-eIF2α/eIF2α), autophagy (ATG12, LC3II/I), and apoptosis (BAX, Bcl-XL) were measured at mRNA levels by real time PCR and protein levels by Western blotting. RESULTS In ischemic rats followed by reperfusion, expression of Bip, p-PERK/PERK, p-eIF2α/eIF2α, ATG12, and LC3II/I, as well as BAX were all significantly increased. These markers were significantly reduced by C + P at both 6 and 24 h of reperfusion. Anti-apoptotic Bcl-XL expression was increased, while pro-apoptotic BAX expression was decreased by C + P. In SH-SY5Y cell lines, both C + P and GSK2656157 significantly reduced the level of autophagy and apoptosis after I/R, respectively. The combination of GSK2656157 and C + P did not promote the same effect, suggesting that C + P did not induce any neuroprotective effect by inhibiting autophagy and apoptosis through the PERK-eIF2α pathway when this pathway was already blocked by GSK2656157. In general, the reduction in body temperature by phenothiazines was associated with better neuroprotection but it did not reach significant levels. CONCLUSION The combined treatment of C + P plays a crucial role in stroke therapy by inhibiting ER stress-mediated autophagy, thereby leading to reduced apoptosis and increased neuroprotection. Our findings highlight the PERK-eIF2α pathway as a central mechanism through which C + P exerts its beneficial effects. The results from this study may pave the way for the development of more targeted and effective treatments for stroke patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Lv
- Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.
| | - Ho Jun Yun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fang F, Liu P, Huang H, Feng X, Li L, Sun Y, Kaufman RJ, Hu Y. RGC-specific ATF4 and/or CHOP deletion rescues glaucomatous neurodegeneration and visual function. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:286-295. [PMID: 37547290 PMCID: PMC10400881 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been linked with various acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. We previously found that optic nerve (ON) injury and diseases induce neuronal ER stress in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). We further demonstrated that germline deletion of CHOP preserves the structure and function of both RGC somata and axons in mouse glaucoma models. Here we report that RGC-specific deletion of CHOP and/or its upstream regulator ATF4 synergistically promotes RGC and ON survival and preserves visual function in mouse ON crush and silicone oil-induced ocular hypertension (SOHU) glaucoma models. Consistently, topical application of the ATF4/CHOP chemical inhibitor ISRIB or RGC-specific CRISPR-mediated knockdown of the ATF4 downstream effector Gadd45a also delivers significant neuroprotection in the SOHU glaucoma model. These studies suggest that blocking the neuronal intrinsic ATF4/CHOP axis of ER stress is a promising neuroprotection strategy for neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Pingting Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Haoliang Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Randal J. Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Center for Genetic Disorders and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Waseem A, Rashid S, Rashid K, Khan MA, Khan R, Haque R, Seth P, Raza SS. Insight into the transcription factors regulating Ischemic Stroke and Glioma in Response to Shared Stimuli. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 92:102-127. [PMID: 37054904 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke and glioma are the two leading causes of patient mortality globally. Despite physiological variations, 1 in 10 people who have an ischemic stroke go on to develop brain cancer, most notably gliomas. In addition, glioma treatments have also been shown to increase the risk of ischemic strokes. Stroke occurs more frequently in cancer patients than in the general population, according to traditional literature. Unbelievably, these events share multiple pathways, but the precise mechanism underlying their co-occurrence remains unknown. Transcription factors (TFs), the main components of gene expression programmes, finally determine the fate of cells and homeostasis. Both ischemic stroke and glioma exhibit aberrant expression of a large number of TFs, which are strongly linked to the pathophysiology and progression of both diseases. The precise genomic binding locations of TFs and how TF binding ultimately relates to transcriptional regulation remain elusive despite a strong interest in understanding how TFs regulate gene expression in both stroke and glioma. As a result, the importance of continuing efforts to understand TF-mediated gene regulation is highlighted in this review, along with some of the primary shared events in stroke and glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arshi Waseem
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, India
| | - Sumaiya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Rashid
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521
| | | | - Rehan Khan
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City,Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rizwanul Haque
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya -824236, India
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Neurovirology Section, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana-122052, India
| | - Syed Shadab Raza
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, India; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Era's Lucknow Medical College Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu Y, Fan X, Chen S, Deng L, Jiang L, Yang S, Dong Z. Geraniol-Mediated Suppression of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Protects against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via the PERK-ATF4-CHOP Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010544. [PMID: 36613992 PMCID: PMC9820715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Geraniol has antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Studies have shown that geraniol has a protective effect against CIRI in rats, but the exact mechanism is unclear. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective mechanism of geraniol against CIRI. We established a middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion model in rats and a PC12 cell oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model to observe the neuroprotective effects of geraniol. Neurological scoring, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of geraniol against CIRI. ER-stress-related and apoptosis-related protein expression was detected via Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Apoptosis was also detected via TUNEL assays and flow cytometry. The fluorescent detection of intracellular calcium was achieved using fluorescent calcium-binding dyes, and transmission electron microscopy was used to assess the neuronal ultrastructure. Geraniol effectively attenuated cerebral infarction and pathological injury after CIRI, had a protective effect against CIRI, significantly reduced the expression of the ER-stress-related proteins P-PERK, ATF4, CHOP, and GRP78 and the pro-apoptotic protein BAX, increased the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2, and reduced the occurrence of apoptosis. In the OGD/R model in PC12 cells, the protective effect of geraniol was the same as that in vivo. Our results suggest that geraniol has a protective effect against ischemic stroke by a mechanism possibly related to ER stress via the PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhi Dong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-0839-3231
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu MX, Ma XF, Niu X, Fan GB, Li Y. Mitochondrial unfolded protein response in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Brain Res 2022; 1797:148116. [PMID: 36209898 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a mitochondrial stress response that activates the transcriptional program of mitochondrial chaperone proteins and proteases to keep protein homeostasis in mitochondria. Ischemia-reperfusion injury results in multiple severe clinical issues linked to high morbidity and mortality in various disorders. The pathophysiology and pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury are complex and multifactorial. Emerging evidence showed the roles of UPRmt signaling in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Herein, we discuss the regulatory mechanisms underlying UPRmt signaling in C. elegans and mammals. Furthermore, we review the recent studies into the roles and mechanisms of UPRmt signaling in ischemia-reperfusion injury of the heart, brain, kidney, and liver. Further research of UPRmt signaling will potentially develop novel therapeutic strategies against ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xi Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Ma
- Department of ICU, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xing Niu
- Department of Second Clinical College, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gui-Bo Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
De Filippis S, Lombardozzi G, Matrone M, Amici E, Trovini G, Perrini F, Di Giovanni A, Giovanetti V, Kotzalidis GD. Differential Response to Three Antidepressants in Patients with Major Depressive Episode Who Suffered Covid-19-Related Trauma. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2393-2407. [PMID: 35272591 PMCID: PMC9890288 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220310122849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Covid 19 pandemic might have impacted response to drug treatment in major depressive episode (MDE). We compared responses to three different antidepressant drugs, i.e., vortioxetine, sertraline, and trazodone, in outpatients with MDE during Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Bipolar Disorder (BD), or schizophrenia and related psychoses (SSOPDs) during two time periods, i.e., before and after suffering Covid-19-related trauma. METHODS We conducted an observational study on clinically stabilised for at least 6 months outpatients with MDE during the course of MDD (N=58), BD (N=33), or SSOPDs (N=51). Patients, whose baseline assessments of Montgomery-Åsberg Rating Scale (MADRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (Ham-A), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Visual Analogue Scale for Craving (VAS-crav) and World Health Organization Quality of Life, Brief version (WHOQOL-BREF) were available, were recruited at the time they suffered Covid-19-related traumas. Fifty patients, prior to the pandemic, when they were clinically stable, were treated with 15 mg/die vortioxetine, 44 with 450 mg/die trazodone, and 48 with 150 mg/die sertraline. After experiencing a major Covid-19-related personal trauma, patients showed clinical worsening which required dosage adjustment (20 mg/day vortioxetine; 600 mg/day trazodone, and 200 mg/day sertraline) and, for some of them, hospitalisation. Scores on the MADRS, Ham-A, BPRS, VAS-crav and WHOQOL-BREF were compared drug-wise and genderwise with Student's t test for continuous variables and Χ2 for categorical variables. RESULTS The sample consisted of 142 outpatients (age, mean 39.63 ± 16.84; 70 men and 72 women); women were older than men (mean age 43.18 ± 17.61 vs. 35.98 ± 15.30; p=0.01). The two genders did not differ on other variables. For all treatments, worsening symptoms were observed at the time of trauma, followed by slow recovery with treatment readjustment. Trauma-related worsening in patients on vortioxetine was less intense than patients on the other two antidepressants and recovery was faster. All drugs were associated with an improvement in QoL. The vortioxetine group showed a lower hospitalisation rate (24%) than sertraline (35.4%) and trazodone (38.6%), but this was not significant (p=0.27). CONCLUSION All drugs improved symptoms of Covid-19 trauma in patients with MDE, with vortioxetine showing a small advantage. No differences between vortioxetine, sertraline and trazodone were found as concerning the need for hospitalisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio De Filippis
- Von Siebenthal Neuropsychiatric Clinic and Hospital, Via della Madonnina 1, Genzano di Roma 00045 RM, Italy
| | - Ginevra Lombardozzi
- Von Siebenthal Neuropsychiatric Clinic and Hospital, Via della Madonnina 1, Genzano di Roma 00045 RM, Italy
| | - Marta Matrone
- Von Siebenthal Neuropsychiatric Clinic and Hospital, Via della Madonnina 1, Genzano di Roma 00045 RM, Italy
| | - Emanuela Amici
- Von Siebenthal Neuropsychiatric Clinic and Hospital, Via della Madonnina 1, Genzano di Roma 00045 RM, Italy
| | - Giada Trovini
- Von Siebenthal Neuropsychiatric Clinic and Hospital, Via della Madonnina 1, Genzano di Roma 00045 RM, Italy
| | - Filippo Perrini
- Von Siebenthal Neuropsychiatric Clinic and Hospital, Via della Madonnina 1, Genzano di Roma 00045 RM, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Giovanni
- Von Siebenthal Neuropsychiatric Clinic and Hospital, Via della Madonnina 1, Genzano di Roma 00045 RM, Italy
| | - Valeria Giovanetti
- Von Siebenthal Neuropsychiatric Clinic and Hospital, Via della Madonnina 1, Genzano di Roma 00045 RM, Italy
| | - Georgios D. Kotzalidis
- Von Siebenthal Neuropsychiatric Clinic and Hospital, Via della Madonnina 1, Genzano di Roma 00045 RM, Italy
- NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pan J, Li X, Liu H, Wang C, Xu S, Xu B, Deng Y, Yang T, Liu W. Exploring the molecular mechanisms underlie the endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated methylmercury-induced neuronal developmental damage. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 245:114099. [PMID: 36152427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, which can cross the placenta and blood brain barrier, thus affecting fetal growth and development. Although previous studies have demonstrated that MeHg induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in rat cerebral cortex and primary neurons, the role of ER stress in MeHg-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity remains unclear. Here, we used ICR pregnant mice and hippocampal neurons cells (HT22 cells) to investigate the molecular mechanism by which MeHg exposure during pregnancy affects neurodevelopment. We found that prenatal MeHg exposure caused developmental delay in offspring, accompanied with ER stress, cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and abnormal DNA methylation. Then, we used ER stress specific inhibitor 4-PBA and CHOP siRNA to investigate the role of ER stress on HT22 cells damage caused by MeHg. The results showed that 4-PBA pretreatment restored MeHg-induced axonal shortening and alleviated apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and DNA methylation. At the same time, the activation of CHOP/c-Jun/GADD45A signaling pathway was inhibited, and the interaction between CHOP and c-Jun was weakened. In addition, CHOP siRNA reduced the expression of c-Jun and GADD45A, and relieved DNA methylation levels to some extent. In summary, our study suggested that ER stress induced by MeHg mediated cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and may affect DNA methylation through activation of CHOP/c-Jun/GADD45A signaling pathway, thus leading to neuronal damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Pan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Haihui Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Si Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Tianyao Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China.
| |
Collapse
|