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Haewphet T, Parhira S, Chaisupasakul P, Wangteeraprasert A, Phoungpetchara I, Pekthong D, Kaewkong W, Jiang ZH, Bai LP, Somran J, Srisawang P. The dichloromethane fraction from Calotropis gigantea (L.) dryand. Stem bark extract prevents liver cancer in SDT rats with insulin-independent diabetes mellitus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118516. [PMID: 38971341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. (C. gigantea) is a traditional medicinal plant, recognized for its effectiveness in managing diabetes, along with its notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronic metabolic disorders associated with an elevated risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to hyperglycemia and impaired insulin response. The scientific validation of C. gigantea's ethnopharmacological efficacy offers advantages in alleviating cancer progression in T2DM complications, enriching existing knowledge and potentially aiding future clinical cancer treatments. AIM This study aimed to investigate the preventive potential of the dichloromethane fraction of C. gigantea stem bark extract (CGDCM) against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC in T2DM rats, aiming to reduce cancer incidence associated with diabetes while validating C. gigantea's ethnopharmacological efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats were administered DEN to induce HCC (SDT-DEN-VEH), followed by treatment with CGDCM. Metformin was used as a positive control (SDT-DEN-MET). All the treatments were administered for 10 weeks after the initial DEN injection. Diabetes-related parameters, including serum levels of glucose, insulin, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), as well as liver function enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase), were quantified. Serum inflammation biomarkers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were evaluated. Liver tissue samples were analyzed for inflammation protein expression (IL-6, TNF-α, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)). Histopathological evaluation was performed to assess hepatic necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Liver cell proliferation was determined using immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 expression. RESULTS Rats with SDT-DEN-induced HCC treated with CGDCM exhibited reduced serum glucose levels, elevated insulin levels, and decreased HbA1c levels. CGDCM treatment also reduced elevated hepatic IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β1, and α-SMA levels in SDT-DEN-VEH rats. Additionally, CGDCM treatment prevented hepatocyte damage, fibrosis, and cell proliferation. No adverse effects on normal organs were observed with CGDCM treatment, suggesting its safety for the treatment of HCC complications associated with diabetes. Additionally, the absence of adverse effects in SD rats treated with CGDCM at 2.5 mg/kg further supports the notion of its safe usage. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that C. gigantea stem bark extract exerts preventive effects against the development of HCC complications in patients with T2DM, expanding the potential benefits of its ethnopharmacological advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaiyawat Haewphet
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
| | - Supawadee Parhira
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Environmental Health and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
| | - Pattaraporn Chaisupasakul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
| | | | - Ittipon Phoungpetchara
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
| | - Dumrongsak Pekthong
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Environmental Health and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
| | - Worasak Kaewkong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Li-Ping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Julintorn Somran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
| | - Piyarat Srisawang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
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Steyn SF, Rheeders M, Viljoen FP, Brand L. Passively administered fluoxetine reaches the juvenile brain of FSL rats and reduces antioxidant defences, without altering serotonin turnover. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 25:51. [PMID: 39152503 PMCID: PMC11330128 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-024-00775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluoxetine is present in breast milk, yet it is unclear to what extent it, or its active metabolite, norfluoxetine, reaches the brain of the infant and what the effects of such exposure on neurobiological processes are. We therefore aimed to quantify the concentration of passively administered fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in the whole brains of exposed Flinders sensitive line (FSL) offspring and establish their influence on serotonergic function and redox status. METHODS Adult FSL dams received fluoxetine (10 mg/kg/day), or placebo for fourteen days, beginning on postpartum day 04. Offspring were passively exposed to fluoxetine until postnatal day 18 and euthanized on postnatal day 22. Whole brain fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentrations were measured via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. RESULTS Whole-brain serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations, and serotonin turnover (5-HIAA/5-HT) were comparable between strains. Treatment-naïve FSL rats had lower GSH and higher GSSG whole-brain concentrations, relative to FRL controls, and an overall decreased GSH/GSSG ratio. Passively administered fluoxetine resulted in undetectable whole-brain concentrations, while norfluoxetine averaged 41.28 ± 6.47 ng/g. Serotonin turnover of FSL rats was unaffected by passively administered fluoxetine, while redox status (GSH/GSSG) was decreased. CONCLUSION Our findings confirm that passively administered fluoxetine reaches the infant brain in the form of norfluoxetine and may manipulate processes of oxidative stress regulation. Further studies into the long-term bio-behavioural effects are however needed to effectively inform breast feeding mothers on the safety of antidepressant-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan F Steyn
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa.
| | - Malie Rheeders
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Francois P Viljoen
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Linda Brand
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
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Sordi R, Bojko L, Oliveira FRMB, Rosales TO, Souza CF, Moreno LW, Ferreira Alves G, Vellosa JCR, Fernandes D, Gomes JR. Doxycycline reduces liver and kidney injuries in a rat hemorrhagic shock model. Intensive Care Med Exp 2024; 12:2. [PMID: 38194181 PMCID: PMC10776514 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-023-00586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemorrhagic shock (HS), which causes insufficient tissue perfusion, can result in multiple organ failure (MOF) and death. This study aimed to evaluate whether doxycycline (DOX) protects cardiovascular, kidney, and liver tissue from damage in a rat model of HS. Immediately before the resuscitation, DOX (10 mg/kg; i.v.) was administered, and its protective effects were assessed 24 h later. Mean arterial pressure, renal blood flow, heart rate, vasoactive drug response, and blood markers such as urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, CPK, CPR, and NOx levels were determined. RESULTS We showed that DOX has a significant effect on renal blood flow and on urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, CPK, and NOx. Morphologically, DOX reduced the inflammatory process in the liver tissue. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that DOX protects the liver and kidney against injury and dysfunction in a HS model and could be a strategy to reduce organ damage associated with ischemia-and-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Sordi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
- Department of Structural Biology, Molecular and Genetics, Post Graduation Program in Biomedical Science, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Luana Bojko
- Department of Structural Biology, Molecular and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Filipe R M B Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Thiele Osvaldt Rosales
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Camila Fernandes Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Lucas Wenceslau Moreno
- Department of Structural Biology, Molecular and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ferreira Alves
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Rebuglio Vellosa
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniel Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jose Rosa Gomes
- Department of Structural Biology, Molecular and Genetics, Post Graduation Program in Biomedical Science, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil.
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Liu X, Li X, Zhou H. Changes in glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase 2 during rat physiological and pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:595. [PMID: 38053021 PMCID: PMC10696840 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological and pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy are important pathophysiological processes of adult congenital heart disease-associated ventricular hypertrophy. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) is a vital marker of myocardial injury. This study aimed to investigate the changes in GOT levels during physiological and pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in rats. METHODS RNA-seq analysis and colorimetric methods were used to evaluate the changes in GOT mRNA and activity, respectively. GOT2 protein expression was detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Hematoxylin-eosin and wheat germ agglutinin methods were used to observe changes in rat cardiomyocyte morphology. RESULTS In juvenile rat hearts, GOT mRNA expression and activity, and GOT2 protein level increased with age-related physiological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy; however, GOT2 protein level was reduced in hypoxia-induced pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS GOT2 may regulate physiological and pathological myocardial hypertrophy in rats. We speculated that the low GOT2 level contributed to the rapid occurrence of pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, causing strong plasticity of right ventricular cardiomyocytes in the early postnatal period and heart failure in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Experimental Research Center, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Haotan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
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Souza CF, Borges LB, Oliveira FRMB, Silva PCDS, Patricio DO, Rosales TO, Souza NF, Spiller F, Mansur DS, Assreuy J, Sordi R. Cannabinoid CB 2 receptor agonist reduces local and systemic inflammation associated with pneumonia-induced sepsis in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176092. [PMID: 37797676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe condition secondary to dysregulated host response to infection leading to tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Cannabinoid CB2 receptor has modulatory effects on the immune response. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of a cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonist on the local and systemic inflammatory process associated with pneumonia-induced sepsis. Pneumonia-induced sepsis was induced in mice by intratracheal inoculation of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were collected 6, 24, or 48 h after surgery. Mice were treated with CB2 agonist (AM1241, 0.3 and 3 mg/kg, i.p.) and several parameters of inflammation were evaluated 24 h after sepsis induction. Polymorphonuclear cell migration to the infectious focus peaked 24 h after pneumonia-induced sepsis induction in male and female animals. Septic male mice presented a significant reduction of cannabinoid CB2 receptor density in the lung tissue after 24 h, which was not observed in females. CB2 expression in BAL macrophages was also reduced in septic animals. Treatment of septic mice with AM1241 reduced cell migration, local infection, myeloperoxidase activity, protein extravasation, and NOS-2 expression in the lungs. In addition, the treatment reduced plasma IL-1β, increased IL-10 and reduced the severity and mortality of septic animals. These results suggest that AM1241 promotes an interesting balance in the inflammatory response, maintaining lung function and preventing organ injury. Therefore, cannabinoid CB2 receptors are potential targets to control the excessive inflammatory process that occurs in severe conditions, and agonists of these receptors can be considered promising adjuvants in pneumonia-induced sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Oliveira Patricio
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology anda Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando Spiller
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniel Santos Mansur
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology anda Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | - Jamil Assreuy
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | - Regina Sordi
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil.
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Wang F, Yao W, Yu D, Hao Y, Wu Y, Zhang X. Protective role of thymoquinone in hyperlipidemia-induced liver injury in LDL-R -/-mice. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:276. [PMID: 37568105 PMCID: PMC10416449 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia, a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by elevated plasma lipids in the blood, causes severe health problems, leading to fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Thymoquinone, the major active chemical component of Nigella sativa, reportedly exerts a vast array of biological effects. Various studies have reported that Thymoquinone protects against liver injury. AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of Thymoquinone against liver injury in hyperlipidemia-induced LDL-R-/- mice. METHODS Eight-week-old male LDL-R-/- mice were randomly divided into three groups: a control group fed a normal diet and two groups fed a high-cholesterol diet or high-cholesterol diet mixed with Thymoquinone. All groups were fed different diets for 8 weeks. Blood samples were obtained from the inferior vena cava and collected in serum tubes. The samples were then stored at - 80 °C until used. Longitudinal sections of liver tissues were fixed in 10% formalin and then embedded in paraffin for histological evaluation. The remainder of the liver tissues were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or western blotting. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that Thymoquinone administration significantly reduced liver histological alterations by hyperlipidemia. Thymoquinone mitigated hyperlipidemia-induced liver injury as indicated by the suppression of metabolic characteristics, liver biochemical parameters, pyroptosis indicators, a macrophage marker, and the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Thymoquinone is a potential therapeutic agent for hyperlipidemia-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, China
| | - Dexin Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, China
| | - Yuhua Hao
- Department of Injection, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, China
| | - Yuling Wu
- Department of Injection, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Injection, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, China.
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