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Han W, Song Z, Shan D, Shi Q. Fetal origins of obesity: a novel pathway of regulating appetite neurons in the hypothalamus of growth-restricted rat offspring. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:2411-2419. [PMID: 37378669 PMCID: PMC11147910 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fetal growth restriction causes a series of sequelae, some of which, such as hyperphagia, reduced satiety and postnatal obesity, are believed to be associated with embryonic hypothalamic neurons impairment. The mechanisms underlying the linkage of fetal brain injuries to break the energy homeostasis have not been elucidated completely. Here, we aim to investigate the effect of intrauterine energy restriction on remodeling appetite neurons in the hypothalamus of fetal and postnatal infant rats. METHODS Low-protein (8%) diet combined with 75% energy restriction was used to establish an animal model. Rats offspring brain tissues, harvested from embryo day 18 and postnatal infant day 1, were sampled for dependent regulator analyses and master neuron assessment. RESULTS Growth-restricted rats showed the increased expression of Bsx and NPY in the hypothalamus as well as remodeling hypothalamic neurons differentiation compared to controls. Intriguingly, in cells cultured in vitro test, we found that activated effects of Bsx and NPY could be exacerbated by DNMT1 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS In embryonic and early postnatal stage of FGR rats, we detected high concentrations of orexigenic neurons in the hypothalamus. DNMT1 activity is correlated with early embryonic neurogenesis by mediating the expression of Bsx and NPY. It may be one of the reasons for the abnormal development of the appetite regulation pathway and higher susceptibility to obesity in FGR offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Han
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251 Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Zhaoyi Song
- STI-Zhilian Research Institute for Innovation and Digital Health, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251 Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Yongcheng, Dongcheng District, Yongcheng City, Henan Province, China
| | - Qingyun Shi
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251 Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China.
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Silva SCDA, de Lemos MDT, Dos Santos Junior OH, Rodrigues TO, Silva TL, da Silva AI, Fiamoncini J, Lagranha CJ. Overweight during development dysregulates cellular metabolism and critical genes that control food intake in the prefrontal cortex. Physiol Behav 2024; 276:114453. [PMID: 38159589 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Childhood obesity is increasing substantially across the world. The World Obesity Federation (WOF) and World Health Organization (WHO) predicted that in 2030 > 1 billion people will be obese, and by 2035 over 4 billion will reach obesity worldwide. According to WHO, the world soon cannot afford the economic cost of obesity, and we need to act to stop obesity acceleration now. Data in the literature supports that the first 1000 days of life are essential in preventing obesity and related adversities. Therefore, using basic research, the present a study that focuses on the immediate effect of overnutrition and serotonin modulation during the lactation period. METHODS Using a neonatal overfeeding model, male Wistar rats were divided into four groups based on nutrition or serotonin modulation by pharmacological treatment up to 22 days of life. Cellular and mitochondrial function markers, oxidative stress biomarkers and mRNA levels of hedonic and homeostatic genes were evaluated. RESULTS Our data showed that overfeeding during lactation decrease NAD/NADH ratio, citrate synthase activity, and increase ROS production. Lipid and protein oxidation were increased in overfed animals, with a decrease in antioxidant defenses, we also observe a differential expression of mRNA levels of homeostatic and hedonic genes. On the contrary, serotonin modulation with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors treatment reduces harmful effects caused by overnutrition. CONCLUSION Early effects of overnutrition significantly affect the prefrontal cortex at molecular and cellular level, which could mediate obesity-related neurodegenerative dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thyago Oliveira Rodrigues
- Gradute Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco - CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Tercya Lucidi Silva
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco - CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | | | - Jarlei Fiamoncini
- Food Research Center, Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia J Lagranha
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavior Science Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco - CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil; Biochemistry and Physiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco - CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil; Gradute Program in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco - CAV, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil.
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Tejera-Muñoz A, Guerra-Menéndez L, Amor S, González-Hedström D, García-Villalón ÁL, Granado M. Postnatal Overfeeding during Lactation Induces Endothelial Dysfunction and Cardiac Insulin Resistance in Adult Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14443. [PMID: 37833890 PMCID: PMC10572650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Early overnutrition is associated with cardiometabolic alterations in adulthood, likely attributed to reduced insulin sensitivity due to its crucial role in the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to assess the long-term effects of early overnutrition on the development of cardiovascular insulin resistance. An experimental childhood obesity model was established using male Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were organized into litters of 12 pups/mother (L12-Controls) or 3 pups/mother (L3-Overfed) at birth. After weaning, animals from L12 and L3 were housed three per cage and provided ad libitum access to food for 6 months. L3 rats exhibited elevated body weight, along with increased visceral, subcutaneous, and perivascular fat accumulation. However, heart weight at sacrifice was reduced in L3 rats. Furthermore, L3 rats displayed elevated serum levels of glucose, leptin, adiponectin, total lipids, and triglycerides compared to control rats. In the myocardium, overfed rats showed decreased IL-10 mRNA levels and alterations in contractility and heart rate in response to insulin. Similarly, aortic tissue exhibited modified gene expression of TNFα, iNOS, and IL-6. Additionally, L3 aortas exhibited endothelial dysfunction in response to acetylcholine, although insulin-induced relaxation remained unchanged compared to controls. At the molecular level, L3 rats displayed reduced Akt phosphorylation in response to insulin, both in myocardial and aortic tissues, whereas MAPK phosphorylation was elevated solely in the myocardium. Overfeeding during lactation in rats induces endothelial dysfunction and cardiac insulin resistance in adulthood, potentially contributing to the cardiovascular alterations observed in this experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tejera-Muñoz
- Research Support Unit, Hospital General La Mancha Centro, 13600 Alcázar de San Juan, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Lucía Guerra-Menéndez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA) Nemesio Díez, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain;
| | - Sara Amor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (D.G.-H.); (Á.L.G.-V.)
| | - Daniel González-Hedström
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (D.G.-H.); (Á.L.G.-V.)
| | - Ángel Luis García-Villalón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (D.G.-H.); (Á.L.G.-V.)
| | - Miriam Granado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (D.G.-H.); (Á.L.G.-V.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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The immediate effect of overnutrition and fluoxetine treatment during the critical period of development on the hippocampus. Neurochem Int 2023; 162:105454. [PMID: 36462683 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that overnutrition, overweight, and obesity in children can modulate brain mechanisms of plasticity, monoaminergic systems, and mitochondrial function. The immediate effect of overnutrition during the developmental period has not been thoroughly examined in rats until the present. This study sought to evaluate the impact on adult rats of early life overfeeding and fluoxetine treatment from post-natal day 1 (PND1) to post-natal day 21 (PND21) relative to mitochondrial function, oxidative balance, and expression of specific monoaminergic genes in the hippocampus. The following were evaluated: mitochondrial function markers, oxidative stress biomarkers, dopamine-and serotonin-related genes, and BDNF mRNA levels. Overfeeding during the lactation period deregulates cellular metabolism and the monoaminergic systems in the hippocampus. Strikingly, serotonin modulation by fluoxetine treatment protected against some of the effects of early overnutrition. We conclude that overfeeding during brain development induce detrimental effects in mitochondria and in the genes that regulate homeostatic status that can be the molecular mechanisms related to neurological diseases.
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Owaki T, Kamimura K, Ko M, Nagayama I, Nagoya T, Shibata O, Oda C, Morita S, Kimura A, Sato T, Setsu T, Sakamaki A, Kamimura H, Yokoo T, Terai S. The liver-gut peripheral neural axis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pathologies via hepatic serotonin receptor 2A. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:276108. [PMID: 35765850 PMCID: PMC9346519 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is one of the key bioamines of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Its mechanism of action in autonomic neural signal pathways remains unexplained; hence, we evaluated the involvement of 5-HT and related signaling pathways via autonomic nerves in NAFLD. Diet-induced NAFLD animal models were developed using wild-type and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) knockout (MC4RKO) mice, and the effects of the autonomic neural axis on NAFLD physiology, 5-HT and its receptors (HTRs), and lipid metabolism-related genes were assessed by applying hepatic nerve blockade. Hepatic neural blockade retarded the progression of NAFLD by reducing 5-HT in the small intestine, hepatic HTR2A and hepatic lipogenic gene expression, and treatment with an HTR2A antagonist reproduced these effects. The effects were milder in MC4RKO mice, and brain 5-HT and HTR2C expression did not correlate with peripheral neural blockade. Our study demonstrates that the autonomic liver-gut neural axis is involved in the etiology of diet-induced NAFLD and that 5-HT and HTR2A are key factors, implying that the modulation of the axis and use of HTR2A antagonists are potentially novel therapeutic strategies for NAFLD treatment. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: The hepatic-gut neural axis plays a role in NAFLD progression via serotonin and the serotonin receptor HTR2A in hepatocytes, suggesting that HTR2A antagonists are potential therapeutic agents for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Owaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kenya Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.,Department of General Medicine, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Ko
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Itsuo Nagayama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Takuro Nagoya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Osamu Shibata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Chiyumi Oda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shinichi Morita
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Takeki Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Toru Setsu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Sakamaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroteru Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yokoo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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