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Li G, Yang H, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Liu B, Wang Y, Zhou H, Xu ZX, Wang Y. The role of macrophages in fibrosis of chronic kidney disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117079. [PMID: 38968801 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are widely distributed throughout various tissues of the body, and mounting evidence suggests their involvement in regulating the tissue microenvironment, thereby influencing disease onset and progression through direct or indirect actions. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), disturbances in renal functional homeostasis lead to inflammatory cell infiltration, tubular expansion, glomerular atrophy, and subsequent renal fibrosis. Macrophages play a pivotal role in this pathological process. Therefore, understanding their role is imperative for investigating CKD progression, mitigating its advancement, and offering novel research perspectives for fibrosis treatment from an immunological standpoint. This review primarily delves into the intrinsic characteristics of macrophages, their origins, diverse subtypes, and their associations with renal fibrosis. Particular emphasis is placed on the transition between M1 and M2 phenotypes. In late-stage CKD, there is a shift from the M1 to the M2 phenotype, accompanied by an increased prevalence of M2 macrophages. This transition is governed by the activation of the TGF-β1/SMAD3 and JAK/STAT pathways, which facilitate macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition (MMT). The tyrosine kinase Src is involved in both signaling cascades. By thoroughly elucidating macrophage functions and comprehending the modes and molecular mechanisms of macrophage-fibroblast interaction in the kidney, novel, tailored therapeutic strategies for preventing or attenuating the progression of CKD can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hongxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanghe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Zhang Z, Leng XK, Zhai YY, Zhang X, Sun ZW, Xiao JY, Lu JF, Liu K, Xia B, Gao Q, Jia M, Xu CQ, Jiang YN, Zhang XG, Tao KS, Wu JW. Deficiency of ASGR1 promotes liver injury by increasing GP73-mediated hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1908. [PMID: 38459023 PMCID: PMC10924105 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver injury is a core pathological process in the majority of liver diseases, yet the genetic factors predisposing individuals to its initiation and progression remain poorly understood. Here we show that asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1), a lectin specifically expressed in the liver, is downregulated in patients with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis and male mice with liver injury. ASGR1 deficiency exacerbates while its overexpression mitigates acetaminophen-induced acute and CCl4-induced chronic liver injuries in male mice. Mechanistically, ASGR1 binds to an endoplasmic reticulum stress mediator GP73 and facilitates its lysosomal degradation. ASGR1 depletion increases circulating GP73 levels and promotes the interaction between GP73 and BIP to activate endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to liver injury. Neutralization of GP73 not only attenuates ASGR1 deficiency-induced liver injuries but also improves survival in mice received a lethal dose of acetaminophen. Collectively, these findings identify ASGR1 as a potential genetic determinant of susceptibility to liver injury and propose it as a therapeutic target for the treatment of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiang Kai Leng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuan Yuan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhi Wei Sun
- Beijing Sungen Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ying Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jun Feng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Beijing Sungen Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Jia
- Beijing Sungen Biomedical Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Qi Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Na Jiang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Gang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Kai Shan Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jiang Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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Wang LJ, Jin YL, Pei WL, Li JC, Zhang RL, Wang JJ, Lin W. Amuc_1100 pretreatment alleviates acute pancreatitis in a mouse model through regulating gut microbiota and inhibiting inflammatory infiltration. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:570-580. [PMID: 38012292 PMCID: PMC10834448 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amuc_1100 is a membrane protein from Akkermansia muciniphila, which has been found to play a role in host immunological homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract by activating TLR2 and TLR4. In this study we investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of Amuc_1100 on acute pancreatitis (AP) induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of caerulein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The mice were treated with the protein Amuc_1100 (3 μg, i.g.) for 20 days before caerulein injection. Cecal contents of the mice were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing. We found that pretreatment with Amuc_1100 significantly alleviated AP-associated pancreatic injury, reduced serum amylase and lipase. Amuc_1100 pretreatment significantly inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ and IL-6) in spleen and pancreas through inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, Amuc_1100 pretreatment significantly decreased the inflammatory infiltration, accompanied by the reduction of Ly6C+ macrophages and neutrophils in the spleen of AP mice. Gut microbiome analysis showed that the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Desulfobacterota and Campilobacterota was decreased, while the proportion of Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota was increased in AP mice pretreated with Amuc_1100. We further demonstrated that Amuc_1100 pretreatment restored the enrichment of tryptophan metabolism, which was mediated by intestinal flora. These results provide new evidence that Amuc_1100 lessens the severity of AP through its anti-inflammatory properties with a reduction of macrophages and neutrophil infiltration, as well as its regulation of the composition of intestinal flora and tryptophan metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yuan-Ling Jin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen-Long Pei
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jia-Cong Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia-Ju Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Cao M, Lai P, Liu X, Liu F, Qin Y, Tu P, Wang Y. ATF5 promotes malignant T cell survival through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1282996. [PMID: 38223508 PMCID: PMC10786347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1282996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by skin infiltration of malignant T cells. The biological overlap between malignant T cells and their normal counterparts has brought obstacles in identifying tumor-specific features and mechanisms, limiting current knowledge of CTCL pathogenesis. Transcriptional dysregulation leading to abnormal gene expression profiles contributes to the initiation, progression and drug resistance of cancer. Therefore, we aimed to identify tumor-specific transcription factor underlying CTCL pathology. Methods We analyzed and validated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in malignant T cells based on single-cell sequencing data. Clinical relevance was evaluated based on progression-free survival and time to next treatment. To determine the functional importance, lentivirus-mediated gene knockdown was conducted in two CTCL cell lines Myla and H9. Cell survival was assessed by examining cell viability, colony-forming ability, in-vivo tumor growth in xenograft models, apoptosis rate and cell-cycle distribution. RNA sequencing was employed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Results Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) was overexpressed in malignant T cells and positively correlated with poor treatment responses in CTCL patients. Mechanistically, ATF5 promoted the survival of malignant T cells partially through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and imparted resistance to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis. Conclusions These findings revealed the tumor-specific overexpression of the transcription factor ATF5 with its underlying mechanisms in promoting tumor survival in CTCL, providing new insight into the understanding of CTCL's pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhou Cao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Lai
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangjun Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjie Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Qin
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Tu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
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Luo Q, Chen J, Su Y, Wu P, Wang J, Fang Z, Luo F. Correlation between serum soluble ASGR1 concentration and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:142. [PMID: 37667265 PMCID: PMC10476293 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01910-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that loss-of-function mutations in hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) are associated with low levels of circulating cholesterol and a reduced risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). In contrast to ASGR1 on the hepatocyte membrane, serum soluble ASGR1 (sASGR1) is a secreted form that has been detected in circulation. However, the functions of serum sASGR1 are unclear. This study aims to investigate the relationship between human serum sASGR1 concentration and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. METHODS In a cohort of 134 participants who underwent coronary angiography examination, basic information was recorded, and blood samples were collected for biochemical testing. The serum sASGR1 concentration was determined by ELISA kits. The relationship between sASGR1 concentration and LDL-C levels was examined using linear regression models and interaction tests. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify clinical variables that affect sASGR1 levels. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders such as age, sex, BMI, and statin use, the serum sASGR1 concentration was positively correlated with LDL-C levels (β = 0.093, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.14, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis and interaction tests showed that the effect of serum sASGR1 concentration on LDL-C levels was significantly influenced by hypertension status (P for interaction = 0.0067). The results of a multivariate linear regression analysis incorporating age, serum TG, LDL-C, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), white blood cell counts (WBCC), and fibrinogen revealed that LDL-C (β = 1.005, 95% CI: 0.35 to 1.66, P = 0.003) and WBCC (β = 0.787, 95% CI: 0.41 to 1.16, P < 0.0001) were independent influencing factors for serum sASGR1 levels. CONCLUSIONS The serum sASGR1 concentration was positively correlated with LDL-C levels. In addition, hypertension status significantly affected the effect of serum sASGR1 on LDL-C levels. This study provides some research ideas for clinical doctors and researchers, as well as some references for additional research on serum sASGR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingfei Chen
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingjie Su
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Panyun Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiangang Wang
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenfei Fang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Garduno A, Cusack R, Leone M, Einav S, Martin-Loeches I. Multi-Omics Endotypes in ICU Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1119. [PMID: 37317092 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
It is evident that the admission of some patients with sepsis and septic shock to hospitals is occurring late in their illness, which has contributed to the increase in poor outcomes and high fatalities worldwide across age groups. The current diagnostic and monitoring procedure relies on an inaccurate and often delayed identification by the clinician, who then decides the treatment upon interaction with the patient. Initiation of sepsis is accompanied by immune system paralysis following "cytokine storm". The unique immunological response of each patient is important to define in terms of subtyping for therapy. The immune system becomes activated in sepsis to produce interleukins, and endothelial cells express higher levels of adhesion molecules. The proportions of circulating immune cells change, reducing regulatory cells and increasing memory cells and killer cells, having long-term effects on the phenotype of CD8 T cells, HLA-DR, and dysregulation of microRNA. The current narrative review seeks to highlight the potential application of multi-omics data integration and immunological profiling at the single-cell level to define endotypes in sepsis and septic shock. The review will consider the parallels and immunoregulatory axis between cancer and immunosuppression, sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, and endothelial damage. Second, the added value of transcriptomic-driven endotypes will be assessed through inferring regulatory interactions in recent clinical trials and studies reporting gene modular features that inform continuous metrics measuring clinical response in ICU, which can support the use of immunomodulating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Garduno
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, University of Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rachael Cusack
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, St. James's Hospital, James's Street, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marc Leone
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Trauma Center, Nord University Hospital, Aix Marseille University, APHM, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Sharon Einav
- General Intensive Care Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 23456, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 23456, Israel
| | - Ignacio Martin-Loeches
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, University of Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, St. James's Hospital, James's Street, D08 NHY1 Dublin, Ireland
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