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Wedderhoff O, Chasiotis A, Rosman T. When freedom of choice leads to bias: How threat fosters selective exposure to health information. Front Psychol 2022; 13:937699. [PMID: 36312070 PMCID: PMC9606804 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.937699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective exposure to online health information can be ascribed to two related defense motives: the motivation to confirm one's subjective perceptions and the motivation to protect relevant parts of the self-image, such as physical integrity. Our aim was to identify how these motives come into effect in the context of a health threat (fictitious feedback on an alleged heart disease risk). In a preregistered online study with N = 763 participants, we analyzed the impact of perceived and suggested risk on the degree of bias in selecting risk-related information on a fictitious Google search results page. Applying a 2 × 2 design with the experimental factor "risk feedback" and the quasi-experimental factor "perceived risk," we formulated six hypotheses. First, we expected a main effect of perceived risk on selective exposure to information suggesting no risk, and second, we hypothesized a main effect of perceived risk on mean quality rating of information suggesting a risk. Third, we proposed a main effect of risk feedback on selective exposure to information which suggests no risk, and fourth, we proposed a main effect of risk feedback on mean quality rating of information suggesting a risk. Fifth, we expected an interaction effect between perceived and suggested risk, and sixth, we proposed an interaction effect between perceived and suggested risk in different forms for each of the four conditions on quality ratings. Only the third hypothesis was confirmed: Receiving information which suggested a health risk increased the tendency to select information denying the risk. Additional exploratory analyses revealed moderator effects of health information literacy and participant age on the aforementioned relationships. In sum, our results underline the crucial role of defense motives in the context of a suggested health threat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tom Rosman
- Research Literacy Unit, Leibniz Institute for Psychology, Trier, Germany
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Hirvonen N, Enwald H, Mayer AK, Korpelainen R, Pyky R, Salonurmi T, Savolainen MJ, Nengomasha C, Abankwah R, Uutoni W, Niemelä R, Huotari ML. Screening everyday health information literacy among four populations. Health Info Libr J 2020; 37:192-203. [PMID: 32243700 DOI: 10.1111/hir.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People face varying obstacles when interacting with health information in their everyday lives. OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine the applicability of a multidimensional Everyday Health Information Literacy (EHIL) screening tool in detecting people with challenges in accessing, understanding, evaluating and using health information in everyday situations. METHODS Previously collected EHIL screening tool data from Finnish upper secondary school students (n = 217), Finnish young men (n = 1450), Finnish adults with an increased risk for metabolic syndrome (n = 559) and Namibian university students (n = 271) were reanalysed to examine the factorial structure of the tool and to compare the groups. Statistical analyses included exploratory factor analyses, calculation of mean factor scores and one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS A three factor structure ('awareness', 'access', 'assessment') for the screening tool was supported based on the Finnish samples. However, the Namibian data did not follow a similar structure. Significant differences in groupwise factor scores were discovered. DISCUSSION The findings suggest that the multidimensional EHIL screening tool can be used in pointing out areas where individuals or groups may need support. CONCLUSION The tool may be useful to health information and library services workers when counselling or educating the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Hirvonen
- Information Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Information Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Business and Economics, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heidi Enwald
- Information Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Information Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Business and Economics, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Raija Korpelainen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riitta Pyky
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuire Salonurmi
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Cathrine Nengomasha
- Information and Communication Studies, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Ruth Abankwah
- Information and Communication Studies, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Wilhelm Uutoni
- Information and Communication Studies, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Raimo Niemelä
- Information Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maija-Leena Huotari
- Information Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Eriksson-Backa K, Enwald H, Hirvonen N, Huvila I. Health information seeking, beliefs about abilities, and health behaviour among Finnish seniors. JOURNAL OF LIBRARIANSHIP AND INFORMATION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0961000618769971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents a study that examines older Finnish adults’ self-perceived capability to access, evaluate, understand and use health-related information, and their perceived ability to influence their health themselves, and the relationship between these factors and their current health, health behaviour and information seeking. Questionnaires were mailed by post to 1000 Finns aged 65–79 years, and a total of 281 completed questionnaires (28%) were returned. Of these, 273 were included in the study. Cross-tabulation and chi-square tests were used for the analysis. Results showed that both a stronger belief in one’s capability to master health information and to act in a healthy manner were positively linked to better health and health behaviour as well as more active information behaviour. These beliefs can be important factors for influencing certain health behaviours and even behaviour change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Enwald
- University of Oulu; Åbo Akademi University, Finland
| | | | - Isto Huvila
- Uppsala University, Sweden; Åbo Akademi University, Finland
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Huo C, Zhang M, Ma F. Factors influencing people’s health knowledge adoption in social media. LIBRARY HI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/lht-04-2017-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors influencing people’s health knowledge adoption in social media, with an eye toward promoting health information literacy and healthy behavior.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on the integration of sense-making theory, social influence theory, information richness theory, fear appeal theory, and ELM (elaboration likelihood method), a health knowledge adoption model is constructed. Taking spondylopathy as an example, high health threat and low health threat experiments and questionnaires are designed to complete the empirical study. In all, 355 effective survey samples are collected and analyzed, leveraging a partial least squares method.
Findings
Research results indicate that perceived knowledge quality, perceived knowledge consensus, and perceived source credibility have positive effects on health knowledge adoption via the mediator – trust; knowledge richness contributes to the perception of knowledge quality, source credibility, and knowledge consensus, especially under high health threat; health threat has significant positive moderating effects on the relationship between trust and health knowledge adoption, and the relationship between perceived knowledge quality and trust, with negative moderating effects on the relationships between perceived knowledge consensus, perceived source credibility, and trust.
Originality/value
This paper examines the mediating effecting of trust in the process of health knowledge adoption. Based on the integration of fear appeal theory, social influence theory, sense-making theory, information richness theory and elaboration likelihood model, this study investigates the factors influencing health knowledge adoption in social media from the perspective of a user, and explores the moderating effect of health threat on health knowledge adoption.
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Reynolds L, Willenborg A, McClellan S, Linares RH, Sterner EA. Library instruction and information literacy 2016. REFERENCE SERVICES REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/rsr-08-2017-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to present recently published resources on information literacy and library instruction providing an introductory overview and a selected annotated bibliography of publications covering all library types.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper introduces and annotates English-language periodical articles, monographs, dissertations and other materials on library instruction and information literacy published in 2016.
Findings
The paper provides information about each source, describes the characteristics of current scholarship and highlights sources that contain unique or significant scholarly contributions.
Originality/value
The information may be used by librarians and interested parties as a quick reference to literature on library instruction and information literacy.
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