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Dellaqua JVT, Rigueiro ALN, Silvestre AM, Pereira MCS, Felizari LD, Demartini BL, Dias EFF, Silva LAF, Casali DM, Souza KLR, Souza JM, Millen DD. Impact of combined management strategies of monensin and virginiamycin in high energy diets on ruminal fermentation and nutrients utilization. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1325198. [PMID: 38605925 PMCID: PMC11008231 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1325198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Feed additives such as monensin (MON) and virginiamycin (VM) are commonly utilized in feedlot diets to enhance rumen fermentation. Nevertheless, the precise effects of combining MON and VM during specific feedlot periods and the advantages of this combination remain unclear. This study was designed to investigate the effects of withdrawal of MON when associated with VM during the adaptation and finishing periods on ruminal metabolism, feeding behavior, and nutrient digestibility in Nellore cattle. The experimental design was a 5 × 5 Latin square, where each period lasted 28 days. Five rumen-cannulated Nellore yearling bulls were used (414,86 ± 21,71 kg of body weight), which were assigned to five treatments: (1) MON during the entire feeding period; (2) VM during the entire feeding period; (3) MON + VM during the adaptation period and only VM during the finishing period 1 and 2; (4) MON + VM during the entire feeding period; (5) MON + VM during the adaptation and finishing period 1 and only VM during the finishing period 2. For the finishing period 1, animals fed T3 had improved potential degradability of dry matter (p = 0.02). Cattle fed T3 and T5 had the highest crude protein degradability when compared to animals receiving T2 (p = 0.01). Animals fed T2 and T3 had reduced the time (p < 0.01) and area under pH 6.2 (p = 0.02). Moreover, animals fed T4 had greater population of protozoa from the genus Diplodinium (p = 0.04) when compared to those from animals fed T2, T3 and T5. For the finishing period 2, animals fed T3 had greater starch degradability when compared to animals receiving T4 and T5 (p = 0.04). Animals fed T3, T4 and T5 had increased the duration of time in which pH was below 5.6 (p = 0.03). The area under the curve for ruminal pH 5.2 and pH 5.6 was higher for the animals fed T3 (p = 0.01), and the area under pH 6.2 was higher for the animals fed T3 and T5 (p < 0.01) when compared to animals receiving T2. There is no substantial improvement on the rumen fermentation parameters by the concurrent utilization of MON and VM molecules, where the higher starch and protein degradability did not improve the rumen fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João V. T. Dellaqua
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - André L. N. Rigueiro
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Antonio M. Silvestre
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Murilo C. S. Pereira
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, Brazil
| | - Luana D. Felizari
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Breno L. Demartini
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Evandro F. F. Dias
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, Brazil
| | - Leandro A. F. Silva
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Daniel M. Casali
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Katia L. R. Souza
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Johnny M. Souza
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Danilo D. Millen
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
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Rezaei Ahvanooei MR, Norouzian MA, Piray AH, Vahmani P, Ghaffari MH. Effects of monensin supplementation on rumen fermentation, methane emissions, nitrogen balance, and metabolic responses of dairy cows: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:607-624. [PMID: 37709041 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of supplemental monensin administration on the metabolic responses of dairy cows, a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis were conducted. Initially, 604 studies were identified through comprehensive database searches, including Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed, using key words related to dairy cows, monensin, and metabolic outcomes. After a 2-stage screening process, 51 articles with a total of 60 experiments were selected for meta-analysis based on criteria such as study implementation date between 2001 and 2022, presence of a control group that did not receive monensin supplementation, reporting of at least 1 outcome variable, and presentation of means and corresponding errors. The meta-analysis used the 1-stage random-effects method, and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the results. The results showed that the administration of monensin at a dosage of 19 to 26 mg/kg was inversely related to methane emissions and that the administration of monensin at a dosage of 18 to 50 mg/kg resulted in a significant decrease in dry matter intake. Administration of monensin at doses of 13 to 28 and 15 to 24 mg/kg also resulted in a significant decrease in ruminal acetate proportion and an increase in propionate proportion, respectively, with no effects on ruminal butyrate, NH3, or pH levels. We found no effects on blood parameters or nitrogen retention, but a significant negative correlation was observed between monensin supplementation and fecal nitrogen excretion. Based on the analysis of all variables evaluated, the optimal dose range of monensin was estimated to be 19 to 24 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Rezaei Ahvanooei
- Department of Animals and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, 3391653755 Tehran, Iran.
| | - M A Norouzian
- Department of Animals and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, 3391653755 Tehran, Iran
| | - A H Piray
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, 6714414971 Kermanshah, Iran
| | - P Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - M H Ghaffari
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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Silvestre AM, Souza JM, Millen DD. Adoption of adaptation protocols and feed additives to improve performance of feedlot cattle. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2023.2191679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio M. Silvestre
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Johnny M. Souza
- College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo D. Millen
- College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rigueiro ALN, Pereira MCS, Silvestre AM, Pinto ACJ, Felizari LD, Dias EFF, Demartini BL, Estevam DD, Dellaqua JVT, Souza KLR, Silva LAF, Nunes ABPC, Souza JM, Millen DD. Withdrawal of sodium monensin when associated with virginiamycin during adaptation and finishing periods on feedlot performance, feeding behavior, carcass, rumen, and cecum morphometrics characteristics of Nellore cattle. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1067434. [PMID: 36761886 PMCID: PMC9902882 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1067434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Feed additives such as monensin (MON) and virginiamycin (VM) are widely used in feedlots diets to maximize rumen fermentation. However, the knowledge about the effects of MON and VM combinations in specifics feedlot periods and the benefits of this association are still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of withdrawal of MON when associated with VM during the adaptation and finishing periods on feedlot performance of Nellore cattle. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized block replicated six times (four animals/pen) in which 120 Nellore bulls (378.4 ± 24.4 kg) were allocated in 30 pens and fed for 112 days according to the following treatments: (T1) MON during the entire feeding period; (T2) VM during the entire feeding period; (T3) MON+VM during the adaptation period and only VM during the finishing period 1 and 2; (T4) MON+VM during the entire feeding period; (T5) MON+VM during the adaptation and finishing period 1 and only VM during the finishing period 2. After 112 days on feed, no treatment effect was observed for DMI (P ≥ 0.12). However, bulls fed T5 had greater (P = 0.05) final BW and ADG when compared to T1, T2, and T4. Cattle from T3 and T5 groups presented heavier HCW (P = 0.05) than that fed T1, T2, and T4. Nellore bulls fed T1 and T5 had lower (P < 0.01) DMI variation than those receiving T2. The withdrawal of MON when associated with VM during the final third of the feedlot period improved overall final BW, ADG, and HCW when compared to bulls fed either MON or VM, but did not positively impact feedlot performance when compared to cattle that had MON withdrawn at the end of the adaptation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L. N. Rigueiro
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Murilo C. S. Pereira
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Antonio M. Silvestre
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina J. Pinto
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Luana D. Felizari
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Evandro F. F. Dias
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, Brazil
| | - Breno L. Demartini
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Daniela D. Estevam
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - João V. T. Dellaqua
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Katia L. R. Souza
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Leandro A. F. Silva
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, Brazil
| | - Ana B. P. C. Nunes
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, Brazil
| | - Johnny M. Souza
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, Brazil
| | - Danilo D. Millen
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, Brazil,*Correspondence: Danilo D. Millen ✉
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Rezaei Ahvanooei MR, Norouzian MA, Piray AH, Vahmani P, Ghaffari MH. Effects of monensin supplementation on lactation performance of dairy cows: a systematic review and dose-response meta‑analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:568. [PMID: 36631508 PMCID: PMC9834228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive review with meta-analysis to determine the effects of the dose-response relationship between monensin supplementation and dairy cow performance and milk composition. Results from 566 full-text articles and 48 articles with 52 studies were meta-analyzed for pooled estimates. Monensin supplementation up to 23 ppm increased milk production, with the optimal dose being 12.6 ppm. Monensin supplementation at doses ranging from 16 to 96 ppm increased milk production in the prepartum phase (- 28 to 0 day relative to calving). From 60 to 150 DIM, monensin supplementation up to 21 ppm had a significant positive effect on this outcome, while supplementation in the 37 to 96 ppm range caused a decrease in this variable. At 0 to 60 and > 150 DIM, monensin supplementation had no effect on milk yield. At dosages of 22 to 96 ppm, 12 to 36 ppm, and below 58 ppm and 35 ppm, respectively, monensin supplementation resulted in significant decreases in dry matter intake (DMI), milk protein percentage, milk fat percentage, and milk fat yield. Overall, based on the results of this meta-analysis and considering all variables, the recommended optimal dose of monensin could be about 16 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Rezaei Ahvanooei
- grid.46072.370000 0004 0612 7950Department of Animals and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, 3391653755 Iran
| | - M. A. Norouzian
- grid.46072.370000 0004 0612 7950Department of Animals and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, 3391653755 Iran
| | - A. H. Piray
- grid.412668.f0000 0000 9149 8553Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, PO Box 6715685418, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - P. Vahmani
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Animal Science, University of California, 2251 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - M. H. Ghaffari
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Comparing Blend of Essential Oils Plus 25-Hydroxy-Vit-D3 Versus Monensin Plus Virginiamycin Combination in Finishing Feedlot Cattle: Growth Performance, Dietary Energetics, and Carcass Traits. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131715. [PMID: 35804614 PMCID: PMC9265040 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ninety crossbreed bulls (349.5 ± 8.25 kg initial weight) were used in an 87day trial to compare the effects of a blend of essential oils plus 25-hydroxy-Vit-D3 (EO + HyD) versus the combination of monensin with virginiamycin (MON + VM) on feedlot growth performance and carcass characteristics. Dietary treatments (nine replicates/treatment) were supplemented with 40 mg/kg diet dry matter of MON + VM (equal parts) or with 120.12 mg/kg diet dry matter of a combination of standardized mixture of essential oils (120 mg) plus 0.12 mg of 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D3 (EO + HyD). There were no treatment effects on dry matter intake (DMI, p = 0.63). However, the coefficient of variation in day-to-day DMI was greater for EO + HyD than for MON + VM (11.4% vs. 3.88%, p = 0.04). There were no treatment effects (p ≥ 0.17) on daily weight gain, gain-to-feed ratio, and estimated dietary net energy. Cattle supplemented with EO + HyD had greater Longissimus muscle area (7.9%, p < 0.01) and estimated retail yield (1.6%, p = 0.03), and tended to have heavier (1.7%, p = 0.10) carcass weight. Differences among treatments in dressing percentage, fat thickness, kidney−pelvic−heart fat, and marbling score were not appreciable (p > 0.10). It is concluded that growth performance response and dietary energetic are similar for finishing cattle supplemented with EO + HyD vs. MON + VM. However, compared with MON + VM, supplementation with EO + HyD during the finishing phase may improve carcass Longissimus area and carcass yield.
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Silva BDC, Pacheco MVC, Godoi LA, de Souza GAP, Trópia NV, Pucetti P, Silva FADS, Menezes ACB, Rennó LN, Paulino MF, Schoonmaker JP, Valadares Filho SDC. Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and selected rumen parameters in feedlot bulls fed diets with different feed additives. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259414. [PMID: 34727141 PMCID: PMC8562795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the feed intake, nutrient digestibility and selected rumen parameters in feedlot bulls fed diets containing different feed additives. Six rumen-cannulated Nellore bulls (age = 8 ± 1.0 months; initial BW = 225 ± 13.2 kg) were distributed in a 6 × 6 Latin square design. Six experimental diets based on 30% corn silage and 70% concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis were evaluated. Diets differed in feed additive on a DM basis, as follows: 1.4% bicarbonate and magnesium oxide in 3:1 ratio (BOX); 36 ppm lasalocid sodium (LAS); 30 ppm monensin sodium (MON); 25 ppm virginiamycin (VIR); 30 ppm monensin sodium plus 25 ppm virginiamycin (MV); and 3.15% commercial mineral supplement containing D-limonene and exogenous α-amylase (EOA). The experiment lasted 144 d, with six periods of 24 d. Each period consisted of 14 d for dietary adaptation, 3 d for feces and urine collection, and 7 d for omasal and ruminal digesta collection. Bulls fed the BOX diet showed greater (P < 0.05) intake of DM, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (apNDF), crude protein (CP), and starch compared to the other diets. Diets with LAS, MON, VIR, MV, or EOA did not influence (P > 0.05) the DM, OM, apNDF, CP, or starch intake of feedlot bulls. Bulls fed the EOA diet showed greater (trend; P = 0.09) ruminal digestibility of starch compared to the other diets. The feed additives did not affect (P > 0.05) the intestinal or total tract digestibility of starch, rumen pH, microbial efficiency, total rumen fluid, dilution rate, rate of intake, rate of degradation, or passage rate of the DM, OM, apNDF, and starch. In conclusion, LAS, MON, VIR, MV, and EOA diets reduced nutrient intake compared to BOX. Although all feed additives presented similar effects on rumen pH, temperature, and kinetics the presence of exogenous α-amylase in the EOA diet may increase ruminal starch digestibility and apparent total tract digestibility of DM and OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breno de Castro Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Letícia Artuzo Godoi
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Nathália Veloso Trópia
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pauliane Pucetti
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Clara Baião Menezes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Luciana Navajas Rennó
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mário Fonseca Paulino
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jon Patrick Schoonmaker
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
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Robinson P. Impacts of feeding monensin sodium on production and the efficiency of milk production in dairy cows fed total mixed rations: evaluation of a confounded literature. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2019-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The amount of milk Canadian dairy farmers produce is limited to a production quota expressed in milk fat. Because milk economic value is primarily based on fat and protein, it can be advantageous to decrease the milk fat to protein ratio. Monensin sodium has been suggested to reduce milk fat proportion and outputs, but not milk protein. Publications using lactating dairy cows were utilized to assess predictability of production responses to monensin feeding based upon their base production characteristics and diet composition. Predicted animal output changes due to monensin had poor fits with low r2 (0.31–0.44) and unevenly distributed residuals. Further assessment revealed that cow characteristics, and diets, were not independent of monensin feeding level. Thus, the 43 comparisons were clustered into levels of 10–12, 14–18, or 20–24 mg kg−1 of diet dry matter (DM). Milk fat yield reductions due to monensin differed (P < 0.05; 10–12 and 14–18 mg kg−1 DM), or tended to differ (P = 0.057; 20–24 mg kg−1 DM), from zero (i.e., no change). Monensin addition to total mixed rations of lactating dairy cows negatively impacted milk fat yield to a greater extent than milk protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.H. Robinson
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Teixeira DAA, Cappellozza BI, Fernandes JR, Nascimento KS, Bonfim LELM, Lopes CN, Ehrhardt JAC, Peres JR, Harris SA, Simas JMC, Richardson LF. Effects of monensin source on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and performance of Bos indicus beef bulls offered a high-concentrate diet. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:84-94. [PMID: 32704969 PMCID: PMC6994034 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txz158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Exp. 1, Brachiaria ruziziensis (11.1 % CP) was inoculated or not with two sources of monensin, resulting in three treatments: 1) no monensin inoculation (CONT), 2) 20 mg of monensin sodium-A/kg of DM (Elanco Animal Health; MON-A), and 3) 20 mg of monensin sodium-B/kg of DM (Shandong Qilu King-Phar Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; MON-B). Three rumen-fistulated Jersey steers were offered a cool-season forage-based diet and were used as the rumen inoculum donors. Volatile fatty acids concentrations were evaluated at 0, 6, 12, 24, 30, and 48 h after treatment inoculation. Overall, acetate and butyrate concentrations were reduced in MON-A vs. CONT (P ≤ 0.02), whereas both monensin products reduced Ac:Pr ratio vs. CONT (P ≤ 0.01); however, MON-A also (P = 0.05) reduced the Ac:Pr ratio vs. MON-B. A treatment × hour interaction was detected for rumen propionate concentration (P = 0.01), primarily because MON-A resulted in greater propionate than CONT and MON-B at 24 and 48 h (P ≤ 0.03), but no differences were observed between CONT vs. MON-B (P ≥ 0.27). In Exp. 2, 240 Nellore bulls (initial BW = 363.2 ± 40.9 kg) were ranked and blocked according to initial BW, and within blocks animals were allotted into pens (n = 10 pens/treatment). Pens were randomly assigned into one of three treatments: 1) corn-based diet with no monensin (CONT), 2) CONT plus 28 mg of MON-A/kg of DM, and 3) CONT plus 28 mg of MON-B/kg of DM. The CONT diet was composed of sugarcane bagasse, ground corn, DDGS, urea, and a mineral-vitamin mix. The experimental period lasted 106 d and was divided into a 21-d adaptation period and an 85-d finishing phase. During the adaptation phase, both monensin sources increased (P ≤ 0.01) BW change, ADG, and F:G, as well as reduced DMI variation (P = 0.02). When the entire experimental period was evaluated, no treatment effects were detected for final BW, DMI, and ADG (P ≥ 0.26). Nonetheless, DMI variation was reduced as monensin was included (P = 0.01) and only MON-A improved the efficiency by reducing F:G vs. CONT (P = 0.05) and biological efficiency vs. MON-B (P = 0.05). Additionally, carcass ADG tended (P = 0.10) to be greater for MON-A vs. MON-B, whereas no other differences in the carcass characteristics were observed (P ≥ 0.53). In summary, the source of monensin inoculated in vitro and offered to Nellore bulls during the feedlot phase significantly affected the energetic efficiency and the performance of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A A Teixeira
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Departamento de Zootecnia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Juliano R Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Departamento de Zootecnia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Kaique S Nascimento
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Departamento de Zootecnia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Lorena E L M Bonfim
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Departamento de Zootecnia, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Rigueiro ALN, Pereira MCS, Squizatti MM, Ferreira MM, Dondé SC, Luiz FP, Silvestre AM, Muller LR, Garcia CP, Bueno APD, Toledo LV, Estevam DD, Martins CL, Arrigoni MDB, Millen DD. Different combinations of sodium monensin and virginiamycin during feedlot finishing of Nellore cattle. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an18657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
The use of two feed additives, to maximise rumen fermentation, in finishing diets offered to feedlot cattle may positively impact performance.
Aims
This study, conducted at the São Paulo State University feedlot, Botucatu campus, Brazil, was designed to evaluate the effects of the combined use of monensin (MON; 30 mg/kg of dry matter; (DM)) and virginiamycin (VM; 25 mg/kg of DM) in high-concentrate diets during the adaptation and finishing periods on feedlot performance, carcass traits, feeding behaviour, blood gas profile, rumen morphometrics and apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients of Nellore cattle.
Methods
The experiment was designed as a completely randomised block, replicated six times (3 bulls/pen), in which 72 20 months of age yearling Nellore bulls (388.0 ± 31.1 kg) were fed in 24 pens for 90 days according to the treatments: (1) MON during the entire feeding period (T1), (2) MON + VM during adaptation and only VM during the finishing period (T2), (3) MON + VM during the entire feeding period (T3), and (4) VM during the adaptation and MON + VM during the finishing period (T4). The adaptation program consisted of ad libitum feeding of three diets over the adaptation period of 19 days with concentrate level increasing from 69% to 84% of diet DM.
Key results
Overall, bulls fed on T2 had a greater DM intake (P < 0.01), final bodyweight (P = 0.04), average daily gain (P = 0.03), hot carcass weight (P < 0.01), final Longissimus muscle area (P = 0.05), Longissimus muscle area daily gain (P = 0.01), improved carcass G:F (P < 0.01) and increased dressing percentage (P < 0.01). Similarly, bulls fed on T2 were faster to consume 1 kg of either DM (P < 0.01) or neutral detergent fibre (P < 0.01) after 60 days on feed. Furthermore, bulls fed on T2 presented a greater (P = 0.05) cell proliferation index in the rumen papillae.
Conclusions
According to the results, Nellore yearling bulls should be fed high-concentrate diets containing MON and VM during adaptation, and only VM during the finishing period to improve overall feedlot performance.
Implications
The use of both MON and VM proved to be helpful only during the adaptation period.
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Maciel I, Saturnino H, Barbosa F, Malacco V, Andrade Júnior J, Maia Filho G, Costa P. Virginiamycin and sodium monensin supplementation for beef cattle on pasture. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of including virginiamycin (VM), sodium monensin (MON) or the association (VM+MON) in the energetic mineral supplement, on the intake and performance of beef cattle on pasture. Forty Nellore heifers with 24 months of age and initial body weight (BW) of 251.5±16.6kg, were distributed in four treatments in a randomized block design. Treatments consisted of adding VM, MON or VM+MON to the supplement (CONT). Additive concentrations were defined to reach a dose of 40 to 45mg/100kg BW. The herbage allowance was not a limiting factor for the animals’ intake. Supplement intake was lower than expected, with 33.0, 18.8 and 26.3mg per 100kg BW for VM, MON and VM+MON, respectively. Dry matter intake (DMI, mean=2.65% BW) and animal performance were not affected by the inclusion of additives. The average daily gain (ADG) was 0.561kg/animal day-1. The inclusion of additives in energetic mineral supplement does not affect the DMI and the ADG of grazing animals. The variability in supplement intake and daily dose intake of additives may have influenced the performance of the animals. Monensin inclusion presented the less expensive supplementation cost, due to reduction in supplement intake without changing weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - P.M. Costa
- Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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12
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da Fonseca MP, Borges ALDCC, Carvalho PHDA, e Silva RR, Gonçãlves LC, Borges I, Lage HF, Ferreira AL, Saliba EOS, Jayme DG, da Glória JR, Graça DS, Meneses RM, de Carvalho AÚ, Facury Filho EJ, Silva AA. Energy partitioning in cattle fed diets based on tropical forage with the inclusion of antibiotic additives. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211565. [PMID: 31009472 PMCID: PMC6476472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe energy partitioning in dairy crossbreed bulls fed tropical forage-based diets supplemented with different additives. Twenty F1 crossbred bulls (Holstein x Gyr) with initial and final live weight (LW) averages of 190 ± 17 and 275 ± 20 kg were fed sorghum (Sorghum bicolour) and Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania) silage (70:30 DM basis) with supplemented concentrate at a forage to concentrate ratio of 50:50. The bulls were allocated to four treatment: control groups (without additives), monensin [22 mg/kg monensin dry matter (DM)] (M), virginiamycin (30 mg/kg virginiamycin DM) (V), and combination (22 mg/kg DM of monensin and 30 mg/kg DM of virginiamycin) (MV), in a completely randomised design. The intake of gross energy (GE, MJ/d), digestible energy (DE, MJ/d), metabolizable energy (ME, MJ/d), as well as energy losses in the form of faeces, urine, methane, heat production (HE), and retained energy (RE) were measured. Faecal output was measured in apparent digestibility trial. Right after the apparent digestibility trial, urine samples were collected in order to estimate the daily urinary production of the animals. Heat and methane production were measured in an open circuit respirometry chamber. The intake of GE, DE, and ME of the animals receiving monensin and virginiamycin alone or in combination (MV) showed no differences (P>0.05) from the control treatment. However, the MV treatment reduced (P<0.05) the methane production (5.44 MJ/d) compared to the control group (7.33 MJ/d), expressed in MJ per day, but not when expressed related to gross energy intake (GEI) (CH4, % GEI) (P = 0.34). Virginiamycin and monensin alone or in combination did not change (P>0.05) the utilization efficiency of ME for weight gain, RE and net gain energy. This study showed that for cattle fed tropical forages, the combination of virginiamycin and monensin as feed additives affected their energy metabolism by a reduction in the energy lost as methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelina Pereira da Fonseca
- Department of Animal Sciences, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Pampulha
| | - Ana Luiza da Costa Cruz Borges
- Department of Animal Sciences, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Pampulha
| | | | - Ricardo Reis e Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Pampulha
| | - Lúcio Carlos Gonçãlves
- Department of Animal Sciences, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Pampulha
| | - Iran Borges
- Department of Animal Sciences, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Pampulha
| | - Helena Ferreira Lage
- Department of Animal Sciences, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Pampulha
| | - Alexandre Lima Ferreira
- Department of Animal Sciences, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Pampulha
| | - Eloísa Oliveira Simões Saliba
- Department of Animal Sciences, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Pampulha
| | - Diogo Gonzaga Jayme
- Department of Animal Sciences, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Pampulha
| | - Joana Ribeiro da Glória
- Department of Animal Sciences, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Pampulha
| | - Décio Souza Graça
- Department of Animal Sciences, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Pampulha
| | - Rodrigo Melo Meneses
- Department of Animal Sciences, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Pampulha
| | - Antônio Último de Carvalho
- Department of Animal Sciences, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Pampulha
| | - Elias Jorge Facury Filho
- Department of Animal Sciences, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Pampulha
| | - Arthur Alves Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, Pampulha
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13
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Wang X, Wang M, Zhang K, Hou T, Zhang L, Fei C, Xue F, Hang T. Determination of virginiamycin M1 residue in tissues of swine and chicken by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2018; 250:127-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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