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Physicochemical characterisation of barley straw treated with sodium hydroxide or urea and its digestibility and in vitro fermentability in ruminants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20530. [PMID: 36446835 PMCID: PMC9708690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24738-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of strategies to overcome the shortage of forage due to persistently low rainfall is becoming a central task for animal nutrition in research and practice. In this study, it was investigated how the treatment of straw with NaOH or feed urea in a practicable procedure for modern farms affects rumen fermentation (gas production and greenhouse gas concentration) as well as the digestibility of feed energy and nutrients. For this purpose, the treatments were tested individually and in different proportions in a total mixed ration (TMR) in ruminal batch cultures in vitro and in a digestibility trial with sheep. In order to explain the observed effects at the molecular level, descriptive data from 13C solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were obtained. NaOH treatment of straw increased crude ash (CA), non-fibrous carbohydrates, digestible energy (DE), and metabolizable energy (ME) concentration, whereas the proportion of neutral detergent fibre (aNDFom) and hemicellulose decreased. In urea treated straw, NH3-N and crude protein increased, whereas acid detergent lignin (ADL), DE, and ME decreased. The physically effective fibre (peNDF8) concentration increased in TMR containing 18% of NaOH or urea treated straw (p < 0.01). The application of straw treatments as pure substrates (not as part of a TMR) increased gas production and decelerated ruminal fermentation (p < 0.05). In vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of the straw (0.31) increased after NaOH (0.51; p < 0.05) and urea treatment (0.41; p > 0.05). As part of a TMR, straw treatments had no distinct effect on gas production or IVOMD. Concentrations of CH4 and CO2 were likewise not affected. Apparent total tract digestibility of aNDFom, acid detergent fibre (ADFom), hemicellulose, and cellulose increased in the TMR by approximately 10% points following NaOH treatment (p < 0.05). The inclusion of urea treated straw did not affect apparent digestibility. Calculated true digestibility of aNDFom was 0.68, 0.74, and 0.79, of ADFom 0.58, 0.57, and 0.65, and of ADL 0.02, 0.13, and 0.08 in TMR including untreated, NaOH treated, and urea treated straw, respectively. 13C NMR and FTIR analyses consistently revealed that the global structure and crystallinity of the carbohydrates (cellulose and hemicellulose) was not altered by treatment and the concentration of lignin was likewise not affected. Depolymerisation of lignin did not occur. However, NMR signals assigned to acetyl groups were significantly altered indicating that straw treatments disrupted linkages between hemicelluloses and lignin. Moreover, the acetates signal was affected. This signal can be assigned to linkages between ferulic acids and hemicelluloses (arabinoxylans). FTIR spectra of straw treatments mainly differed at a wavelength of 1730 cm-1 and 1240 cm-1. Disappearance of the 1730 cm-1 peak suggests removal of hemicelluloses or lignin related compounds by treatment. The disappearance of the lignin peak at 1240 cm-1 could be due to conjugated ketone (phenyl-carbonyl) removal or the removal of ferulic and p-coumaric acid acetyl groups. Both treatments are supposed to release fermentable cell wall components (hemicelluloses) from lignin-associated bonds and as a result, straw fibre can be better fermented in the rumen. This contributes to energy supply and increased fibre digestibility at least in the TMR that contained NaOH treated straw. The alkaline straw treatments probably induced a release of phenolics such as ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid, which can be metabolised in the gut and the liver and metabolites might be excreted with the urine. This could notably contribute to metabolic energy losses.
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Zhang H, Xue X, Song M, Zhang X, Wang H, Wang F, Zhang L, Gao T. Comparison of feeding value, ruminal fermentation and bacterial community of a diet comprised of various corn silages or combination with wheat straw in finishing beef cattle. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Feeding, Muscle and Packaging Effects on Lipid Oxidation and Color of Avileña Negra-Ibérica Beef. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102863. [PMID: 34679882 PMCID: PMC8532734 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to increase the economic profitability of Avileña-Negra Ibérica beef production, the inclusion of corn silage in total mixed rations was proposed during the fattening period. Twenty-four Avileña-Negra Ibérica breed entire young bulls were used to evaluate the effects of two feeding systems-concentrate (CON) and corn silage (SIL)-and two packaging systems-vacuum (VAC) and modified atmosphere (MAP)-on the lipid oxidation, color evolution and visual color acceptability of meat throughout display with either oxygen-permeable film (FILM) or modified atmosphere (MAP). Two muscles were assessed: Longissimus thoracis (LT) and Semitendinosus (ST). Meat from SIL-fed animals had higher TBA values than CON-fed animals after 7 days in MAP packaging. Lipid oxidation was prevented more effectively by VAC packaging than MAP. Display time highly influenced lipid oxidation, since oxidation rates were lower with VAC than MAP packaging. After 14 days of display in MAP, the LT from CON was lighter than the ST. Meat discoloration after 7 days of display was significantly different between packaging systems. Vacuum-packaged meat kept the same color throughout the storage time. Visual color acceptability for the LT was higher throughout display than for the ST. Samples from the MAP were well accepted by consumers, especially the meat from the SIL group. Alternatively, feeding with corn silage could be used for this type of animals without affecting important aspects of meat quality.
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Zhang H, Zhang L, Xue X, Zhang X, Wang H, Gao T, Phillips C. Effect of feeding a diet comprised of various corn silages inclusion with peanut vine or wheat straw on performance, digestion, serum parameters and meat nutrients in finishing beef cattle. Anim Biosci 2021; 35:29-38. [PMID: 34237922 PMCID: PMC8738933 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to compare the feeding value, meat nutrients and associative effects of a diet comprised of various corn silages inclusion with peanut vine or wheat straw in finishing beef cattle. Methods One hundred and eighty Simmental crossbred beef steers were blocked and assigned to the follow treatments: i) whole plant corn silage-based diet (control, WPCS), ii) mixed forages-based diet (replacing a portion of corn silage with wheat straw, WPCSW), iii) corn stalklage-based diet (CS), and iv) sweet corn stalklage-based diet (SCS). Each group consisted of 5 repeated pens with 9 steers/pen. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic with same forage to concentrate ratio. Experimental diets were fed for 90 d. Results The effective ruminal degradability of dry matter and crude protein were highest for WPCS diet (p<0.05), for neutral detergent fiber was highest in SCS diet (p<0.05). The average daily gain was greater for cattle offered the WPCS diet, intermediate with WPCSW and SCS and lowest with CS (p<0.001). The concentration of non-esterified fatty acid in serum was higher for steers fed with CS and SCS diets than those offered WPCS and WPCSW steers (p<0.001). The treatments did not affect the general nutritional contents and amino acids composition of Longissimus dorsi of steers (p>0.05). Conclusion The corn silage-based diet exhibited the highest feeding value. The sweet corn stalklage and wheat straw as an alternative to corn silage offered to beef cattle had limited influence on feeding value and meat nutrients. However, the value of a corn stalklage-based diet was relatively poor. To sum up, when the high quality forage resources, such as corn silage, are in short supply, or the growth rate of beef cattle decreases in the later finishing period, the sweet stalklage and wheat straw could be used as a cheaper alternative in feedlot cattle diet without sharp reducing economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiao Xue
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Henan Forage Feeding Technology Extension Station, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Nanyang Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station, Nanyang 473068, China
| | - Tengyun Gao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Clive Phillips
- Curtin University Sustainability Policy (CUSP) Institute, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia
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Zhang W, Gong L, Chen S, Wang W, Miao Z, Liu C. Autonomous Identification and Positioning of Trucks during Collaborative Forage Harvesting. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21041166. [PMID: 33562263 PMCID: PMC7915862 DOI: 10.3390/s21041166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the process of collaborative operation, the unloading automation of the forage harvester is of great significance to improve harvesting efficiency and reduce labor intensity. However, non-standard transport trucks and unstructured field environments make it extremely difficult to identify and properly position loading containers. In this paper, a global model with three coordinate systems is established to describe a collaborative harvesting system. Then, a method based on depth perception is proposed to dynamically identify and position the truck container, including data preprocessing, point cloud pose transformation based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm, segmentation and projection of the upper edge, edge lines extraction and corner points positioning based on the Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm, and fusion and visualization of results on the depth image. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified by field experiments with different trucks. The results demonstrated that the identification accuracy of the container region is about 90%, and the absolute error of center point positioning is less than 100 mm. The proposed method is robust to containers with different appearances and provided a methodological reference for dynamic identification and positioning of containers in forage harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (W.Z.); (W.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Liang Gong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (W.Z.); (W.W.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-139-1837-6686
| | - Suyue Chen
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (S.C.); (Z.M.)
| | - Wenjie Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (W.Z.); (W.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Zhonghua Miao
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (S.C.); (Z.M.)
| | - Chengliang Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (W.Z.); (W.W.); (C.L.)
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Islam MA, Lomax S, Doughty AK, Islam MR, Clark CEF. Timing of eating during transition impacts feedlot cattle diet and liveweight gain. Animal 2020; 15:100137. [PMID: 33573939 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing of eating, relative to when feed is offered, is affected by the social rank of feedlot cattle due to limited feed bunk space. As cattle can select feed based on dietary preference, the timing of eating for cattle in feedlot may be associated with the ingested diet composition. Our objectives were to determine the nutritive value and timing of feed ingested by 100 feedlot cattle during transition and the association of timing of eating with feeding behaviours and average daily gain (ADG). Cattle behaviour and timing of eating were determined on 100 feedlot cattle using accelerometer-based ear tag sensors from days 3 to 6 post feedlot induction (observation period), and the ongoing impact of this period on ADG was determined for the full feed period (75 days). To determine eating patterns at the time of feed offer, cattle were grouped according to the number of days they were recorded as eating within 1 h of feed being offered across 4 observation days, G0: not present across 4 days, G1: present for 1 day, G2: 2 days, G3: 3 days and G4: present for each of the 4 days. Total mixed ration (TMR) samples were collected for nutritive value analysis from four locations along the feed bunk from the time feed was offered and at hourly intervals thereafter for 7 h each day during the observation period. The composition of feed in the bunk changed across the 7 h of measurement (P < 0.05). The DM and CP of feed increased from 65 to 70% and 15 to 16%, respectively, and the NDF decreased from 36 to 32%. Thus, the preferred TMR feed component was the fibrous dietary fraction. However, the overall composition of the ingested diet for 7 h post feeding was similar between groups. Cattle in G0 had reduced eating time (0.7 vs 4.8%; P < 0.001), rumination time (4.5 vs 19.5%; P < 0.001) and ADG (1.0 vs 1.3 kg/d; P < 0.05) across the study, as compared with cattle in G4. Offering a more fibrous ration during feedlot transition, and customised cattle segregation and/or customised feeding regimes based on sensor derived feeding behaviour profiles during acclimation to feedlot can optimise ADG, animal welfare and feedlot profit.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Islam
- Livestock Production and Welfare Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh.
| | - S Lomax
- Livestock Production and Welfare Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - A K Doughty
- Allflex Australia Pty Ltd., 33 Neumann Road, Capalaba, QLD 4157, Australia
| | - M R Islam
- Livestock Production and Welfare Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - C E F Clark
- Livestock Production and Welfare Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
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Barahona M, Hachemi MA, Olleta JL, González MDM, Campo MDM. Feeding, Muscle and Packaging Effects on Meat Quality and Consumer Acceptability of Avileña-Negra Ibérica Beef. Foods 2020; 9:foods9070853. [PMID: 32629947 PMCID: PMC7404783 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to achieve an attractive and differentiated product for the consumer and to optimize and to maximize profitability for the farmers within the EU Protected Geographical Indication "Carne de Ávila", 24 yearling males of Avileña-Negra Ibérica breed were used to evaluate the effect of 2 feeding systems, concentrate (CON) and maize silage (SIL), and 2 packaging systems, vacuum (VAC) and modified atmosphere (MAP), on fatty acid composition, proximate analysis, water holding capacity and consumer acceptability of meat in 2 muscles: Longissimus thoracis (LT) and Semitendinosus (ST). Animals fed with concentrate showed higher carcass weight. However, feeding did not affect the proximate analysis of the meat. The use of maize silage improved the amount of conjugated linoleic acid and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the relation n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA. In LT muscle, feeding influenced texture, samples from SIL being more tender. The VAC packaging showed higher cooking losses than MAP in both muscles. Aging increased tenderness and cooking losses but decreased thawing losses. LT samples from SIL feeding were better accepted by consumers and VAC packaging showed higher scores than MAP. We can conclude that the use of maize silage could be an alternative feeding for this type of animals improving some aspects of the quality of the meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Barahona
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Instituto Agroalimentario (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.A.H.); (J.L.O.); (M.d.M.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohamed Amine Hachemi
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Instituto Agroalimentario (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.A.H.); (J.L.O.); (M.d.M.C.)
| | - José Luis Olleta
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Instituto Agroalimentario (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.A.H.); (J.L.O.); (M.d.M.C.)
| | - María del Mar González
- Asociación Española de Raza Avileña-Negra Ibérica, Padre Tenaguillo 8, 05004 Ávila, Spain;
| | - María del Mar Campo
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Instituto Agroalimentario (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.A.H.); (J.L.O.); (M.d.M.C.)
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Forage nutritive value and predicted fiber digestibility of Kernza intermediate wheatgrass in monoculture and in mixture with red clover during the first production year. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Kim NY, Kim SJ, Jang SY, Oh MR, Tang YJ, Seong HJ, Yun YS, Moon SH. Behavioral characteristics of Hanwoo ( Bos taurus coreanae) steers at different growth stages and seasons. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 30:1486-1494. [PMID: 28423871 PMCID: PMC5582335 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research analyzed behavioral characteristics of Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) steers during each season and growth stage to enable measurement of the animals' welfare level for precision livestock farming. METHODS A hundred-eight beef steers were divided into three equal groups at a Hanwoo farm according to their growth stage: growing stage (GS), 8 months; early-fattening stage (EFS), 19 months; and late-fattening stage (LFS), 30 months. Twelve behavioral categories were continuously recorded for 13 day-time hours in each four seasons with three replications. RESULTS Time spent standing was found to be significantly longer in summer at all growth stages (p<0.05). Hanwoos at the GS spent significantly longer standing time in spring and summer than those at the EFS and LFS (p<0.05). Lying time in summer was the shortest for all growth stages (p<0.05). Steers at the LFS spent significantly longer lying time than that at the GS (p<0.05) in summer. For GS and EFS, time spent eating in spring and autumn were longer than in summer and winter (p<0.05). Eating time was the longest for the GS in spring, autumn, and winter, excluding for the LFS in winter (p<0.05). Regarding ruminating, steers at the LFS spent significantly shorter time than those at other stages in all seasons (p<0.05). GS and EFS steers showed the longest walking time in summer compared with other seasons (p<0.05). At GS and LFS, drinking time in summer was the longest of all seasons (p<0.05). Sleeping time was significantly shorter in summer compared with the other seasons (p<0.05). Self-grooming time was the longest in winter for all growth stages (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Steers were found to have more variable behavioral patterns during summer and the GS and less active behaviors during the LFS, thus extra care seems necessary during the GS, LFS, and summer period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yeon Kim
- Division of Food Bio Science, Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
- Asia Pacific Ruminant Institute, Icheon 17384, Korea
| | - Seong Jin Kim
- Asia Pacific Ruminant Institute, Icheon 17384, Korea
| | - Se Young Jang
- Division of Food Bio Science, Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Mi Rae Oh
- Division of Food Bio Science, Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Yu Jiao Tang
- Division of Food Bio Science, Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Seong
- Division of Food Bio Science, Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Yeong Sik Yun
- Division of Food Bio Science, Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Sang Ho Moon
- Division of Food Bio Science, Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
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Avilés C, Martínez A, Domenech V, Peña F. Effect of feeding system and breed on growth performance, and carcass and meat quality traits in two continental beef breeds. Meat Sci 2015; 107:94-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Remling N, Hachenberg S, Meyer U, Höltershinken M, Flachowsky G, Dänicke S. Influence of various amounts of fumaric acid on performance and parameters of the acid–base balance of growing bulls fed with grass or maize silage. Arch Anim Nutr 2011; 65:386-401. [DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2011.609757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Li S, Khafipour E, Krause DO, González LA, Plaizier JC. Effects of grain-pellet and alfalfa-pellet subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenges on feeding behaviour of lactating dairy cows. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas10090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Li, S., Khafipour, E., Krause, D. O., González, L. A. and Plaizier, J. C. 2011. Effects of grain-pellet and alfalfa-pellet subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenges on feeding behaviour of lactating dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 323–330. The effects of two nutritional challenges aimed at inducing subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on the feeding behaviour of lactating dairy cows were investigated in two separate experiments. Both experiments included eight tie-stall-housed cows that were fed once daily. Feeding behaviour of individual cows was monitored by continuously weighing the feed in the mangers. In each experiment, ruminal pH was monitored in four rumen cannulated cows. In the first experiment, cows received a control diet containing 50% mixed concentrate and 50% alfalfa and barley silage (DM basis) during weeks 1 to 5 of two subsequent 6-wk periods. During week 6 of both periods, a grain-pellet SARA challenge (GPSC) was conducted by replacing 21% of DM of the basal diet with wheat-barley pellets. Data obtained in week 4 were taken as a control. In the second experiment, cows received a control diet containing 50% of DM as mixed concentrate and 50% of DM as chopped alfalfa hay during the first week of a 5-wk period. Between week 2 and week 5, an alfalfa-pellet SARA challenge (APSC) was conducted by replacing alfalfa hay in the control diet with alfalfa pellets at a rate of 8% per week. Week 1 and week 5 were considered as the control and SARA challenge, respectively. In the first experiment, the GPSC reduced the meal duration from 48.9 to 38.6 min meal−1 and the eating time from 6.7 to 5.5 h d−1. Meal criteria, meal frequency, meal size, and eating rate were not affected. In the second experiment, the APSC did not affect the meal criterion, meal duration, and eating time per day, but increased dry matter intake from 18.7 to 24.3 kg d−1, meal frequency from 8.2 to 9.4 meals d−1, meals size from 2.4 to 2.7 kg DM, and eating rate from 54.8 to 67.6 g DM min−1. The duration of the first meal after feed delivery was reduced from 154.5 to 103.6 min by the GPSC and from 146.7 to 112.2 min by the APSC. This reduction in the duration of the first meal was accompanied by a reduction in the drop of the ruminal pH during the GPSC, but not during the APSC. Only the APSC increased eating rate of the first meal. Other parameters of this first meal were not affected by both challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - E. Khafipour
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - D. O. Krause
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - L. A. González
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - J. C. Plaizier
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
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Balancing diets for physically effective fibre and ruminally degradable starch: A key to lower the risk of sub-acute rumen acidosis and improve productivity of dairy cattle. Livest Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Maize silage particle length modulates feeding patterns and milk composition in loose-housed lactating Holstein cows. Livest Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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