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Priyo TW, Uno S, Kokushi E, Toda K, Hasunuma H, Matsumoto D, Yamato O, Ohtani M, Widodo OS, Pambudi D, Taniguchi M, Takagi M. Measurement of serum short-chain fatty acid concentrations in cattle after oral administration of difructose anhydride III. Vet World 2023; 16:1505-1511. [PMID: 37621546 PMCID: PMC10446710 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1505-1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim We previously reported the mitigation effects of difructose anhydride III (DFA III) on mycotoxins, such as zearalenon and sterigmatocystin, based on the urinary concentrations of these molecules in calves. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of dietary supplementation of DFA III and the fermented status of DFA III in the intestine by comparing serum levels of short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) in DFA III-supplemented cattle with those in non-supplemented control cattle. Materials and Methods Serum SCFA concentrations were measured in 30 Japanese Black heifers, aged 9-10 months, from two herds, using gas chromatography on days 0 (before DFA III supplementation), 9, and 14 after DFA III supplementation. Results A notably different trend was observed for isobutyric acid and enanthic acid, which may reflect the different fermentation status of supplementary DFA III in the intestine. Our results indicate the possibility that this trend observed in the intestinal tract following DFA III administration is associated with changes in the environment of intestinal bacterial flora, which may partially reflect the effects of DFA III supplementation on cattle. Conclusion Difructose anhydride III supplementation for at least 2 weeks affects the trend of blood SCFA concentrations in cattle. Our results provide evidence supporting the effects of DFA III on the intestinal environment and intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Topas Wicaksono Priyo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
- Department of Reproduction and Obstetric, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
| | - Seiichi Uno
- Education and Research Center for Marine Resource and Environment Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Emiko Kokushi
- Education and Research Center for Marine Resource and Environment Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Katsuki Toda
- Shepherd Central Livestock Clinic, Kagoshima 899-1611, Japan
| | | | | | - Osamu Yamato
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0062, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohtani
- Nippon Beet Sugar Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Obihiro 080-0835, Japan
| | - Oky Setyo Widodo
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
| | - Dhidhi Pambudi
- Department of Mathematics Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia
| | - Masayasu Taniguchi
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science , Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Takagi
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science , Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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Várhidi Z, Máté M, Ózsvári L. The use of probiotics in nutrition and herd health management in large Hungarian dairy cattle farms. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:957935. [PMID: 36204295 PMCID: PMC9530397 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.957935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the European Union, there is an increasing need for farm animal nutrition products whose positive effects can replace antibiotics that have been heavily used for decades. Thus, the use of probiotics started to increase in the past few years. In this study, a survey on the practical use of probiotics in Hungarian dairy cattle farms and the related experience of farm nutrition experts was conducted. In addition, we surveyed the state of Hungary for probiotics production and distribution. After direct request via phone, nutrition experts responsible for farm feeding programs in 23 large commercial dairy cattle farms and eight managers in different feed distributor companies in Hungary filled out the relevant online questionnaires in 2018. The results show that 69.6% of the surveyed farms used probiotics, most often aiming at the optimization of rumen fermentation, protection against stressors, and supplementation of medical treatments. The most common expected beneficial effects of probiotics were more effective calf raising, larger milk yield, more stable rumen fermentation, and improved stress resistance. None of the respondents experienced any negative effects. In Hungary, five out of eight surveyed feed companies produced probiotic products for cattle, and one just distributed them. Company managers generally thought that farm nutrition experts did not have up-to-date knowledge on probiotics, which is why, these products are often not used in an effective way, and the experts' knowledge should be increased. The own experiments of the distributor companies showed that the probiotic products can improve feed digestibility, the efficacy of calf raising, and the reproductive performance of cows. According to the expectations of distributors, the next generation of probiotic products will be microencapsulated and will contain multiple strains and species of bacteria and prebiotics, too. The goal of the product development is to create probiotics with better effectiveness at a reasonable price, having a complex impact and easier application on the herd level. The study showed that probiotics are already frequently used to prevent diseases in Hungarian dairy herds. However, it can be concluded that there is room for improvement, especially concerning the knowledge transfer about the most effective use of probiotic products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - László Ózsvári
- Department of Veterinary Forensics and Economics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Bamigbade GB, Subhash AJ, Kamal-Eldin A, Nyström L, Ayyash M. An Updated Review on Prebiotics: Insights on Potentials of Food Seeds Waste as Source of Potential Prebiotics. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185947. [PMID: 36144679 PMCID: PMC9505924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Prebiotics are a group of biological nutrients that are capable of being degraded by microflora in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), primarily Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. When prebiotics are ingested, either as a food additive or as a supplement, the colonic microflora degrade them, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which are simultaneously released in the colon and absorbed into the blood circulatory system. The two major groups of prebiotics that have been extensively studied in relation to human health are fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS). The candidature of a compound to be regarded as a prebiotic is a function of how much of dietary fiber it contains. The seeds of fruits such as date palms have been reported to contain dietary fiber. An increasing awareness of the consumption of fruits and seeds as part of the daily diet, as well as poor storage systems for seeds, have generated an enormous amount of seed waste, which is traditionally discarded in landfills or incinerated. This cultural practice is hazardous to the environment because seed waste is rich in organic compounds that can produce hazardous gases. Therefore, this review discusses the potential use of seed wastes in prebiotic production, consequently reducing the environmental hazards posed by these wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gafar Babatunde Bamigbade
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Athira Jayasree Subhash
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afaf Kamal-Eldin
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Laura Nyström
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mutamed Ayyash
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
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4
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Stefańska B, Katzer F, Golińska B, Sobolewska P, Smulski S, Frankiewicz A, Nowak W. Different methods of eubiotic feed additive provision affect the health, performance, fermentation, and metabolic status of dairy calves during the preweaning period. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:138. [PMID: 35413974 PMCID: PMC9003169 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate whether different methods of providing eubiotic feed additives to neonatal calves, during the preweaning period, can improve the calves’ health, performance, ruminal fermentation, and metabolic status. Forty-four (3-day-old) Holstein–Friesian dairy calves (22 female and 22 male) were divided into four treatment groups for the duration of the 8-week trial. The eubiotic feed additive consisted of a combination of probiotic Lactobacillus spp. (multiple-strains at a dose of 250 mg/calf/day) and phytobiotics containing rosmarinic acid, as the main bioactive compound (at a dose of 50 mg/calf/day). The groups were named: CON (control, without eubiotic in either the milk replacer or the starter feed), MR (eubiotic in the milk replacer), SF (eubiotic in the starter feed), MRS (eubiotic in both the milk replacer and the starter feed). The individual intake of starter feed and the fecal scores were measured daily, and body weight and biometric measurements were taken weekly until calves were 56 days of age. Blood samples were collected on day 3 and then every 14 days to determine concentrations of insulin-like-growth-factor-I, β-hydroxybutyrate, non-esterified fatty acids, and blood urea nitrogen. Ruminal fluid was collected on days 28 and 56 for short-chain fatty acids, NH3-N, and pH measurements. Results The body weight of the calves of the MR treatment group was higher compared to all other groups on days 28 and 56. Including the eubiotic feed additive in the milk replacer increased average daily gain, starter intake, and total dry matter intake from day 29 to day 56 and the overall experimental period compared to the CON group. The calves with MR treatment had lower fecal scores from days 3 to 28, a number of parasite oocysts/cysts per gram of feces on day 28, and the occurrences of fecal consistency scores of 3 (mild diarrhea) and 4 (severe diarrhea) were 3.2 and 3.0 times lower, respectively, compared with the CON group. The MR group had higher ruminal concentrations of short-chain-fatty-acids, propionate, and butyrate on day 56 than the CON group. Adding eubiotics into milk replacer resulted in the highest concentrations of blood insulin-like-growth-factor-I and β-hydroxybutyrate from days 29 to 56 and the overall experimental period. Conclusion The addition of eubiotic feed additives into the milk replacer can improve health, performance, ruminal fermentation, and biochemical blood indices in dairy calves during the preweaning period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Stefańska
- Department of Grassland and Natural Landscape Sciences, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Frank Katzer
- Department of Disease Control, Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, UK
| | - Barbara Golińska
- Department of Grassland and Natural Landscape Sciences, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Patrycja Sobolewska
- Department of Grassland and Natural Landscape Sciences, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sebastian Smulski
- Department of Internal Diseases and Diagnostics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Frankiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Nowak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Alvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Andersson DI, Bampidis V, Bengtsson‐Palme J, Bouchard D, Ferran A, Kouba M, López Puente S, López‐Alonso M, Nielsen SS, Pechová A, Petkova M, Girault S, Broglia A, Guerra B, Innocenti ML, Liébana E, López‐Gálvez G, Manini P, Stella P, Peixe L. Maximum levels of cross-contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non-target feed. Part 12: Tetracyclines: tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06864. [PMID: 34729092 PMCID: PMC8546800 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific concentrations of tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline and doxycycline in non-target feed for food-producing animals, below which there would not be an effect on the emergence of, and/or selection for, resistance in bacteria relevant for human and animal health, as well as the specific antimicrobial concentrations in feed which have an effect in terms of growth promotion/increased yield were assessed by EFSA in collaboration with EMA. Details of the methodology used for this assessment, associated data gaps and uncertainties are presented in a separate document. To address antimicrobial resistance, the Feed Antimicrobial Resistance Selection Concentration (FARSC) model developed specifically for the assessment was applied. The FARSC for these four tetracyclines was estimated. To address growth promotion, data from scientific publications obtained from an extensive literature review were used. Levels in feed that showed to have an effect on growth promotion/increased yield were reported for tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, whilst for doxycycline no suitable data for the assessment were available. Uncertainties and data gaps associated with the levels reported were addressed. It was recommended to perform further studies to supply more diverse and complete data related to the requirements for calculation of the FARSC for these antimicrobials.
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6
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Allende A, Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Alvarez‐Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover‐Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Andersson DI, Bampidis V, Bengtsson‐Palme J, Bouchard D, Ferran A, Kouba M, López Puente S, López‐Alonso M, Nielsen SS, Pechová A, Petkova M, Girault S, Broglia A, Guerra B, Innocenti ML, Liébana E, López‐Gálvez G, Manini P, Stella P, Peixe L. Maximum levels of cross-contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non-target feed.
Part 2: Aminoglycosides/aminocyclitols: apramycin, paromomycin, neomycin and spectinomycin. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06853. [PMID: 34729082 PMCID: PMC8546520 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific concentrations of apramycin, paromomycin, neomycin and spectinomycin in non-target feed for food-producing animals, below which there would not be an effect on the emergence of, and/or selection for, resistance in bacteria relevant for human and animal health, as well as the specific antimicrobial concentrations in feed which have an effect in terms of growth promotion/increased yield, were assessed by EFSA in collaboration with EMA. Details of the methodology used for this assessment, associated data gaps and uncertainties, are presented in a separate document. To address antimicrobial resistance, the Feed Antimicrobial Resistance Selection Concentration (FARSC) model developed specifically for the assessment was applied. However, due to the lack of data on the parameters required to calculate the FARSC for these antimicrobials, it was not possible to conclude the assessment until further experimental data become available. To address growth promotion, data from scientific publications obtained from an extensive literature review were used. Levels in feed that showed to have an effect on growth promotion/increased yield were reported for apramycin and neomycin, whilst for paromomycin and spectinomycin, no suitable data for the assessment were available. It was recommended to carry out studies to generate the data that are required to fill the gaps which prevented the calculation of the FARSC for these four antimicrobials.
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7
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Arne A, Ilgaza A, Kalnina LA. Ghrelin Immunoreactive Cell Amounts in the Abomasum in 4-Month-Old Calves by Feeding Different Amounts of Prebiotics and New Synbiotics. Vet Med Int 2021; 2021:5542372. [PMID: 34594486 PMCID: PMC8478566 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5542372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aim was to determine prebiotic (inulin) and new synbiotic (inulin and Enterococcus faecium) varied dosage effects, during food breakdown-abomasum immunoreactive (IR) cell amount and cold carcass weight. Ghrelin is synthesized in the fundus region of the stomach. In the gastrointestinal system, ghrelin affects multiple functions, including secretion of gastric acid, gastric motility, and pancreatic protein output. The study consisted of 49 Holstein male calves (23 ± 5 days old, 50 ± 5 kg). Control and experimental groups were differentiated only with the additive amount added to the morning food source. Three prebiotic groups were fed Jerusalem artichoke flour (inulin content increased by 50%) in three amounts: 6 g (lowest) PreG6, 12 g (medium) PreG12, and 24 g (highest) PreG24. Three synbiotic groups were added 0.25 g of prebiotic Enterococcus faecium (2 ∗ 109 CFU/g) to the respective prebiotic, obtaining a new synbiotic (SynG6, SynG12, and SynG24). Calves were slaughtered after 56 days to obtain abomasum samples for ghrelin IR cell examination, and carcass weight was determined. It shows that ghrelin IR cell count in the abomasum was (p < 0.05) reduced in 6g and 12g inulin dosage, but carcass weight was significantly (p < 0.05) higher for PreG12 and PreG24 (p < 0.05) and then for CoG (CoG 42.6 kg; PreG12 51.4 kg; and PreG24 54.0 kg) and (p < 0.05) for SynG12 and SynG24 (SynG12 52.3 kg and SynG24 49.6 kg), which indicates longer satiety and more wholesome breakdown of the food uptake. It was concluded that ghrelin IR cells in 12-week-old calves are more abundant in the fundus region. Medium- and high-dosage prebiotic inulin feeding to the calves improves overall food digestion, allowing for longer satiety and higher cold carcass weight without increasing food amount. Adding synbiotic 0.25 g Enterococcus faecium (2 ∗ 109 CFU/g (Protexin, UK)) to inulin (produced in Latvia LTD "Herbe") does not improve the results of this prebiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astra Arne
- Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, K. Helmaņa Street 8, Jelgava 3004, Latvia
| | - Aija Ilgaza
- Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, K. Helmaņa Street 8, Jelgava 3004, Latvia
| | - Liga Astra Kalnina
- St. John Fisher College, Biology Department, 3690 East Ave, Rochester, New York 14618, USA
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8
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Vadopalas L, Zokaityte E, Zavistanaviciute P, Gruzauskas R, Starkute V, Mockus E, Klementaviciute J, Ruzauskas M, Lele V, Cernauskas D, Klupsaite D, Dauksiene A, Sederevicius A, Badaras S, Bartkiene E. Supplement Based on Fermented Milk Permeate for Feeding Newborn Calves: Influence on Blood, Growth Performance, and Faecal Parameters, including Microbiota, Volatile Compounds, and Fatty and Organic Acid Profiles. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092544. [PMID: 34573514 PMCID: PMC8466287 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastrointestinal infections and diarrhoea are the main health issues in young calves. The application of microbial products containing probiotics and prebiotics may lead to better management of the gut microbiome and improved calf health. After fermentation with selected lactic acid bacterial strains, milk permeate (a dairy industry by-product) contains lactic acid bacteria and prebiotics, both of which possess viable antimicrobial properties. We hypothesised that fermented milk permeate could be a prospective feed supplement for newborn calves. A 14-day experiment was conducted in which a group of newborn calves were given a supplement of milk permeate fermented with Lactobacillus uvarum LUHS245. A significantly higher count of lactic acid bacteria, a lower total count of enterobacteria, a higher species variety, and greater concentrations of both propionic acid and dry matter were found in the faeces of the calves fed with fermented milk permeate compared with a control group. Most of the fatty acids and volatile compounds in the faeces differed significantly between the two groups. The results suggest that supplementing the calves’ feed with fermented milk permeate has a positive effect on certain health parameters but no influence on blood parameters and growth performance. Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a feed supplement, namely milk permeate (MP) fermented with Lactobacillus uvarum LUHS245, on the newborn calves’ growth performance and blood and faecal parameters, including microbiota and volatile compound and fatty acid profiles. Ten female Holstein calves in the control group (CON group) were fed with a standard milk replacer diet and colostrum only, from day 2 to 14 of life, while 10 calves of the treated group (MP group) were fed with the same diet supplemented with 50 mL of the fermented MP. After 14 days, there were no significant differences between the groups in blood parameters, growth performance, or faecal pH. There was a significantly higher percentage of live lactic acid bacteria (by 17.02%), a lower percentage of enterobacteria (by 10.38%), a higher overall number of probiotic bacteria, a 1.7-fold higher species variety, and a higher content of dry matter in the faeces of the MP group (p < 0.05). The fatty acid and volatile compound profiles differed significantly between the groups. The results suggest that supplementing calves’ feed with fermented milk permeate has a positive effect on certain health parameters but not on blood parameters or growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurynas Vadopalas
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.V.); (E.Z.); (P.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.); (J.K.); (V.L.); (D.C.); (D.K.); (A.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Egle Zokaityte
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.V.); (E.Z.); (P.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.); (J.K.); (V.L.); (D.C.); (D.K.); (A.D.); (S.B.)
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Paulina Zavistanaviciute
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.V.); (E.Z.); (P.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.); (J.K.); (V.L.); (D.C.); (D.K.); (A.D.); (S.B.)
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Romas Gruzauskas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Vytaute Starkute
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.V.); (E.Z.); (P.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.); (J.K.); (V.L.); (D.C.); (D.K.); (A.D.); (S.B.)
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ernestas Mockus
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.V.); (E.Z.); (P.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.); (J.K.); (V.L.); (D.C.); (D.K.); (A.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Jolita Klementaviciute
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.V.); (E.Z.); (P.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.); (J.K.); (V.L.); (D.C.); (D.K.); (A.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Modestas Ruzauskas
- Faculty of Veterinary, Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Vita Lele
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.V.); (E.Z.); (P.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.); (J.K.); (V.L.); (D.C.); (D.K.); (A.D.); (S.B.)
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Darius Cernauskas
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.V.); (E.Z.); (P.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.); (J.K.); (V.L.); (D.C.); (D.K.); (A.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Dovile Klupsaite
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.V.); (E.Z.); (P.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.); (J.K.); (V.L.); (D.C.); (D.K.); (A.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Agila Dauksiene
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.V.); (E.Z.); (P.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.); (J.K.); (V.L.); (D.C.); (D.K.); (A.D.); (S.B.)
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Antanas Sederevicius
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Sarunas Badaras
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.V.); (E.Z.); (P.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.); (J.K.); (V.L.); (D.C.); (D.K.); (A.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Elena Bartkiene
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.V.); (E.Z.); (P.Z.); (V.S.); (E.M.); (J.K.); (V.L.); (D.C.); (D.K.); (A.D.); (S.B.)
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickeviciaus Str. 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-601-35837
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9
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Probiotic microorganisms and herbs in ruminant nutrition as natural modulators of health and production efficiency – a review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, direct-fed microbials, and herbs may improve the production efficiency in ruminants. The beneficial effect of selected specific microbes on animal health is reflected in protection against pathogens, stimulation of immunological response, increased production capacity, and mitigation of stress effects. Phytobiotic plants used in the nutrition of ruminant animals increase feed palatability. This in turn has a positive effect on feed intake and, consequently, increases production performance. Pectins, terpenes, phenols, saponins, and antibioticlike substances contained in phytobiotics prevent irritation, diarrhea, and increase the activity of digestive enzymes. Thanks to the abundance of biologically active substances such as flavonoids, glycosides, coumarins, carotenoids, polyphenols, etc., phytobiotics exhibit immunostimulatory and antioxidant properties as well. Given such a wide range of effects on health status and production parameters in animals, an attempt was made in this review to compile the current knowledge on the possible application of these natural growth stimulants in ruminant nutrition and to demonstrate their potential benefits and/or risks for breeding these animals.
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10
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Fernández S, Fraga M, Castells M, Colina R, Zunino P. Effect of the administration of Lactobacillus spp. strains on neonatal diarrhoea, immune parameters and pathogen abundance in pre-weaned calves. Benef Microbes 2020; 11:477-488. [PMID: 32877228 DOI: 10.3920/bm2019.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal calf diarrhoea is one of the challenges faced by intensive farming, and probiotics are considered a promising approach to improve calves' health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of potential probiotic lactobacilli on new-born dairy calves' growth, diarrhoea incidence, faecal score, cytokine expression in blood cells, immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in plasma and faeces, and pathogen abundance in faeces. Two in vivo assays were conducted at the same farm in two annual calving seasons. Treated calves received one daily dose of the selected lactobacilli (Lactobacillus reuteri TP1.3B or Lactobacillus johnsonii TP1.6) for 10 consecutive days. A faecal score was recorded daily, average daily gain (ADG) was calculated, and blood and faeces samples were collected. Pathogen abundance was analysed by absolute qPCR in faeces using primers directed at Salmonella enterica, rotavirus, coronavirus, Cryptosporidium parvum and three Escherichia coli virulence genes (eae, clpG and Stx1). The faecal score was positively affected by the administration of both lactobacilli strains, and diarrhoea incidence was significantly lower in treated calves. No differences were found regarding ADG, cytokine expression, IgA levels and pathogen abundance. Our findings showed that oral administration of these strains could improve gastrointestinal health, but results could vary depending on the calving season, which may be related to pathogen seasonality and other environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fernández
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Av Italia 3318, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Fraga
- Animal Health Unit, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Ruta 50 Km 11, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - M Castells
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, CENUR Litoral Norte, University of Uruguay, Rivera 1350, 50000 Salto, Uruguay
| | - R Colina
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, CENUR Litoral Norte, University of Uruguay, Rivera 1350, 50000 Salto, Uruguay
| | - P Zunino
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Av Italia 3318, Montevideo, Uruguay
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11
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Alves Costa N, Pansani AP, de Castro CH, Basile Colugnati D, Xaxier CH, Guimarães KC, Antas Rabelo L, Nunes-Souza V, Souza Caixeta LF, Nassar Ferreira R. Milk restriction or oligosaccharide supplementation in calves improves compensatory gain and digestive tract development without changing hormone levels. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214626. [PMID: 30921423 PMCID: PMC6438680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We estimated the effect of oligosaccharide supplementation and feed restriction on calves. The study was divided into two experimental periods of 28 days each with 20 crossbred calves that had initial body weight of 37 Kg and housed in individual pens. The animals were split in four experimental groups: animals fed 6 L milk/day (CON) in the two periods, animals fed milk restricted (3 L milk/day) in the first period and followed by CON feeding in the second period (RES), animals receiving supplementation of 5 g/day of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) and animals receiving supplementation of 5 g/day mannan and frutoligosaccharide (MFOS). At the end of the study, all the animals were slaughtered. The average weight gain was lower in the restricted group when compared with CON and MFOS groups in the first period (P < 0.05) and there were no difference among the groups in the second period. Animals supplemented with MOS showed a significant increases in jejunal villus height and rumen papillae, which were not observed for MFOS group (P < 0.05) compared with RES and CON groups. There were no difference in ghrelin and leptin levels among treatments during periods 1 and 2 (P > 0.05). Also, the expression of ghrelin receptors in the paraventricular region of the hypothalamus did not differ among groups. We conclude that milk restriction during the first weeks of life in calves resulted in compensatory gain and did not modify the hormonal profile and expression of the ghrelin receptor in the hypothalamus. Moreover, a prebiotic supplementation changed the development of intestinal and ruminal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Alves Costa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Aline Priscila Pansani
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique de Castro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Diego Basile Colugnati
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Xaxier
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Katia Cylene Guimarães
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Goiano Instituto Federal, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Luiza Antas Rabelo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Valéria Nunes-Souza
- Department of Physiological and Pharmacology Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Souza Caixeta
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Nassar Ferreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
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12
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Velasquez-Munoz A, Manriquez D, Paudyal S, Han H, Callan R, Ryan EP, Pinedo P. Effect of prebiotic supplementation with stabilized rice bran in milk of pre-weaned organic Holstein calves. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:53. [PMID: 30732598 PMCID: PMC6367819 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first month of life possess significant challenges for dairy calves due to high susceptibility to digestive diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of prebiotic supplementation with stabilized rice bran (SRB) in milk on health, immunity, and performance of pre-weaned organic dairy calves. Holstein heifer calves (n = 90) were enrolled at 6 ± 1 days old and monitored for 28 days, from July to August 2017. Calves were randomly assigned to a control (CTR; n = 45) or a treatment group (SRB; n = 45). The CTR group received milk alone and the SRB group received 120 g of SRB per day in milk to achieve a 10% w/w dose of the total calories. Daily health evaluations were conducted to score health status and disease severity (healthy, slightly affected, moderately or severely sick) of calves, through integrated assessment of diarrhea, dehydration, attitude, and milk intake. Body weights and fecal IgA quantification were completed on the first and last day of the study. RESULTS Overall, weight gain and fecal IgA concentrations were not affected by the dietary addition of SRB. The total number of calf-days classified as healthy or sick were not different between treatment groups. Similarly, the number of calf-days categorized as slightly affected, moderately sick, or severely sick did not differ between treatment groups. Time to event analyses indicated a tendency for a treatment effect in the time to the first moderate case of diarrhea (P = 0.08), as well as in the time to recovery from diarrhea (P = 0.052), favoring control calves. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that the dietary addition of SRB in milk did not have an effect in health, immunity or performance of pre-weaned dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Velasquez-Munoz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Diego Manriquez
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Sushil Paudyal
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Hyungchul Han
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
- Animal and Veterinary Science Department, California Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768 USA
| | - Robert Callan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521 USA
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Pablo Pinedo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
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13
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Sharma AN, Kumar S, Tyagi AK. Effects of mannan-oligosaccharides and Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation on growth performance, nutrient utilization and faecal characteristics in Murrah buffalo calves. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:679-689. [PMID: 29493022 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A study of 120 days was undertaken to ascertain the effect of mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) and Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation on growth performance, nutrient utilization and faecal characteristics in Murrah buffalo calves. Twenty Murrah buffalo calves of 5-7 days old and 31 ± 2.0 kg of body weight (BW) were randomly assigned into four groups. Group I served as the control (CON) in which only basal diet (concentrate mixture and green fodder) was provided, without any supplementation. Mannan-oligosaccharides at 4 g/calf/day were supplemented as prebiotic to Group II (PRE), whereas Group III (PRO) received Lactobacillus acidophilus in the form of fermented milk as probiotic at 200 ml/calf/day having 108 CFU/ml and Group IV (SYN) was supplemented with both MOS and Lactobacillus acidophilus as synbiotic at similar dose. Final BW (kg), dry matter intake, average daily gain, feed conversion efficiency and structural growth measurements were improved (p < .05) in the treatment groups compared to control. Digestibility of neutral detergent fibre was higher (p < .05) in SYN followed by PRE and PRO than control. The faecal lactobacilli and bifidobacterium population was higher (p < .05) in all the supplemented groups with a concomitant reduction in faecal coliform count as compared to control. Faecal ammonia, lactate and pH were also altered favourably (p < .05) in all the supplemented groups as compared to CON. The faecal volatile fatty acids were higher (p < .05) in PRE, PRO and SYN group than CON. The incorporation of MOS and Lactobacillus acidophilus in diet either individually or in combination as synbiotic has the potential to improve the performance and faecal characteristics in Murrah buffalo calves; however, the observed responses among the treatment groups were more evident in the synbiotic fed group compared to individual supplementation of MOS and Lactobacillus acidophilus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Sharma
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - S Kumar
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - A K Tyagi
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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14
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Baptiste KE, Kyvsgaard NC. Do antimicrobial mass medications work? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials investigating antimicrobial prophylaxis or metaphylaxis against naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease. Pathog Dis 2017; 75:3983177. [PMID: 28830074 PMCID: PMC7108556 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A distinct difference between veterinary and human medicine is the routine use of antimicrobial mass medications (prophylaxis, metaphylaxis) to healthy individuals. The need for antimicrobial mass medications is based on beliefs that group/s of animals will contract a bacterial disease (i.e. morbidity) and/or die (i.e. mortality). Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) represents the major indication for cattle antimicrobials worldwide. The objectives were to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) for naturally occurring BRD investigating antimicrobial prophylaxis/metaphylaxis to prevent morbidity/mortality. In total, 58 publications met the inclusion criteria summarizing 169 individual RCTs, spanning 50 years (1966-2016). Antimicrobial prophylaxis and metaphylaxis demonstrated moderate, yet highly variable relative risk reductions in BRD morbidity. These were dependent on the antimicrobial classes used, dependent on metaphylaxis definition, BRD attack rates and duration of the RCTs. Best relative risk reductions were from broad-spectrum critically important antimicrobials, or combinations. BRD prophylaxis/metaphylaxis represents major antimicrobial consumption for highly variable short-term gains in absolute risk reduction of morbidity/mortality. Despite widespread use of prevention products, the need for antimicrobial mass medications should be re-evaluated since the underlying problem is more likely the segmented infrastructure of the feedlot and veal calf industries compared to the disease itself.
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15
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Castro JJ, Gomez A, White BA, Mangian HJ, Loften JR, Drackley JK. Changes in the intestinal bacterial community, short-chain fatty acid profile, and intestinal development of preweaned Holstein calves. 1. Effects of prebiotic supplementation depend on site and age. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:9682-9702. [PMID: 27720150 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Digestive disorders are common during the first few weeks of life of newborn calves. Prebiotics are nondigestible but fermentable oligosaccharides that modulate growth and activity of beneficial microbial populations, which can result in enhanced gut health and function. Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) have demonstrated such prebiotic potential. In this study, the effect of GOS supplementation on intestinal bacterial community composition and fermentation profiles; intestinal health, development, and function; and growth was evaluated in dairy calves fed for high rates of growth. Eighty male Holstein calves were assigned either to a control treatment consisting of commercial milk replacer or to a GOS-rich (i.e., 3.4% of dry matter) milk replacer treatment. After 2 and 4wk, 8 calves per treatment were slaughtered at each age. Samples of intestinal digesta and tissue were collected for assessment of bacterial communities, short-chain fatty acid concentrations, in vitro measurement of nutrient transport and permeability, histomorphology, and gastrointestinal organ size. The remaining 48 calves continued to wk 8 to measure body growth, nutrient intake, and fecal and respiratory scores. Calves fed GOS displayed greater Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium relative abundance and more developed intestinal epithelial structures, but also had greater fecal scores presumably related to greater colonic water secretion. Control calves showed slightly better growth and milk dry matter intake. Size of intestinal organs, intestinal nutrient transport, and epithelium paracellular resistance were not affected by treatment. Excessive GOS supplementation had both prebiotic and laxative effects, which led to slightly lower growth performance while promoting commensal bacteria population and greater intestinal epithelium growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Castro
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - A Gomez
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - B A White
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - H J Mangian
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - J R Loften
- Milk Specialties Global Animal Nutrition, Eden Prairie, MN 55344
| | - J K Drackley
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
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Van De Stroet D, Calderón Díaz J, Stalder K, Heinrichs A, Dechow C. Association of calf growth traits with production characteristics in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:8347-8355. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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TORREZAN TM, SILVA JTD, MIQUEO E, ROCHA NB, SILVA FLM, BALDASSIN S, BITTAR CMM. Desempenho de bezerros leiteiros recebendo probiótico contendo Bacillus subtilis e Bacillus licheniformis. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-99402016000300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Foram utilizados 24 bezerros que receberam 4L/dia de sucedâneo, além de livre acesso a água e concentrado até a 8a semana. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, em dois tratamentos: 1) Controle: sem a suplementação de probiótico; 2) Suplementação de 2g/d de Bacillus subtilis e Bacillus licheniformis via sucedâneo lácteo. Semanalmente os animais foram pesados e foram aferidas as medidas corporais; também foram realizadas colheitas de sangue para determinação de glicose, proteína total, ureia e albumina, além de hematócrito. Foram colhidas amostras de fezes semanalmente para contagem de bactérias ácido láticas e enterobactérias e determinação de pH fecal. O peso corporal, o ganho de peso médio diário e as medidas corporais não foram alteradas pela suplementação; muito embora tenham apresentado efeito significativo de idade dos animais. O escore fecal, pH fecal e consumo de concentrado diário também não foram afetados pela suplementação. No entanto, o consumo de concentrado e o pH fecal sofreram influência da idade em resposta ao crescimento natural dos bezerros. A contagem de bactérias ácido láticas foi maior em número do que a contagem de enterobactérias durante todo o período. Apenas as enterobactérias sofreram efeito da idade, enquanto as bactérias ácido láticas permaneceram variando, porém dentro de um padrão constante. Os parâmetros sanguíneos também não foram afetados pela suplementação com probiótico mas todos, com a exceção da albumina, tiveram influência da idade. A suplementação com o probiótico não apresentou benefícios no desempenho ou no metabolismo de bezerros leiteiros, também não reduziu a ocorrência de casos de diarreia.
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18
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Samal L, Behura N. Prebiotics: An Emerging Nutritional Approach for Improving Gut Health of Livestock and Poultry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2015.724.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Uyeno Y, Shigemori S, Shimosato T. Effect of Probiotics/Prebiotics on Cattle Health and Productivity. Microbes Environ 2015; 30:126-32. [PMID: 26004794 PMCID: PMC4462921 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics/prebiotics have the ability to modulate the balance and activities of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota, and are, thus, considered beneficial to the host animal and have been used as functional foods. Numerous factors, such as dietary and management constraints, have been shown to markedly affect the structure and activities of gut microbial communities in livestock animals. Previous studies reported the potential of probiotics and prebiotics in animal nutrition; however, their efficacies often vary and are inconsistent, possibly, in part, because the dynamics of the GI community have not been taken into consideration. Under stressed conditions, direct-fed microbials may be used to reduce the risk or severity of scours caused by disruption of the normal intestinal environment. The observable benefits of prebiotics may also be minimal in generally healthy calves, in which the microbial community is relatively stable. However, probiotic yeast strains have been administered with the aim of improving rumen fermentation efficiency by modulating microbial fermentation pathways. This review mainly focused on the benefits of probiotics/prebiotics on the GI microbial ecosystem in ruminants, which is deeply involved in nutrition and health for the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Uyeno
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu UniversityMinamiminowa, Nagano 399–4598Japan
| | - Suguru Shigemori
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano 399–4598Japan
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
| | - Takeshi Shimosato
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu UniversityMinamiminowa, Nagano 399–4598Japan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano 399–4598Japan
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An HM, Lee DK, Cha MK, Lee SW, Lee SJ, Kim BS, Ha NJ. Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria (Lab) Supplement on The Growth Rate and Elimination of Enteropathogenic Bacteria in Calves. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2011.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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21
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Effects of inulin supplementation on selected faecal characteristics and health of neonatal Saanen kids sucking milk from their dams. Animal 2012; 6:1947-54. [PMID: 22717153 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731112000900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty newborn Saanen kids were used to study the effects of inulin supplementation on faecal score, faecal pH, selected faecal bacterial population, BW, body temperature, haematological traits, selected health parameters and the incidence of diarrhoea. Kids were sorted by parity of their dams and multiple birth (twin or triplet) and assigned to one of the two groups (control: CG, and experimental: EG) at birth. Each group consisted of 25 kids. The groups were similar with regard to sex and birth weight. All kids were fed colostrum for the first 3 days after birth, and then the kids in EG were adapted to inulin supplementation by an increased dosage from day 4 to 7. Each kid in EG was supplemented with 0.2 g, 0.3 g, 0.4 g, 0.5 g and 0.6 g inulin on day 4, 5, 6, 7 and from day 8 to 28, respectively, whereas the kids in CG did not receive inulin. Faecal score and faecal bacterial population were not affected by inulin supplementation (P > 0.05). There were differences in faecal pH on day 14 (P = 0.01) and 28 (P<0.05), whereas no difference in faecal pH on day 21 (P > 0.05) was detected between groups. No differences (P > 0.05) in BW and haematological traits were found between groups. Body temperature did not differ on day 14 and 21 (P > 0.05), whereas there was a difference in body temperature on day 28 (P = 0.01) between groups. The numbers of kids with pneumonia and kids treated for pneumonia and diarrhoea were similar for CG and EG. Kid losses during the study were the same for CG and EG. The incidence of diarrhoea was not affected by inulin supplementation (P > 0.05). Inulin supplemented to kids did not adversely affect faecal score. The effect of inulin on faecal pH was not consistent. The results of our study suggested that daily dose (0.6 g) of inulin might not be enough to observe effects of it. Our data will be useful to determine the dose and timing of inulin supplementation in future studies investigating the effects of inulin on the parameters associated with performance and health status in kids and other young ruminants.
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Patel S, Goyal A. The current trends and future perspectives of prebiotics research: a review. 3 Biotech 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13205-012-0044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Quezada-Mendoza V, Heinrichs A, Jones C. The effects of a prebiotic supplement (Prebio Support) on fecal and salivary IgA in neonatal dairy calves. Livest Sci 2011; 142:222-228. [PMID: 32288870 PMCID: PMC7102690 DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2011.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The newborn calf's gastrointestinal tract is sterile at birth, but by 3 days of age coliforms, Lactobacilli, and Bifidobacteria are the predominant flora in the feces. During the preweaning period, calves are susceptible to diarrhea that can lead to high levels of morbidity and mortality. Diarrhea has been related with a decrease of beneficial microbiota and an increase of coliform counts in feces. Prebiotic supplements are believed to decrease diarrhea and positively affect some parameters of the immune system. In calves, these supplements have shown some promising effects on intestinal microbial populations but there is limited information about effects on immunity. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate effects of a prebiotic supplement containing fermentation products of lactic acid bacteria on the mucosal immune system by measuring fecal and salivary IgA and to evaluate calf health and growth performance. In this trial 40 Holstein calves were randomly assigned to receive milk replacer with a prebiotic supplement (20 g/day Prebio Support™; Meiji Feed Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan) or the same milk replacer with no prebiotic (control). Fecal and salivary IgA, calf health, plasma IgG, and lymphocyte counts were not affected by treatment. Lactobacilli count in feces was higher (P = 0.05) and Bifidobacteria tended to be higher (P = 0.07) in calves fed prebiotic. Prebiotic supplement increased beneficial bacteria in calves, but did not decrease overall incidence of diarrhea in this trial. Calves in this study were all affected by cryptosporidiosis and some were treated with antibiotics, so it is possible that this limited some of the effects of the prebiotic product. Fecal IgA seemed to be a good measure of mucosal immunity, and more studies are needed to develop methods to measure this type of immunity in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- V.C. Quezada-Mendoza
- Department of Dairy and Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 324 Henning Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - A.J. Heinrichs
- Department of Dairy and Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 324 Henning Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - C.M. Jones
- Department of Dairy and Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 324 Henning Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Baines D, Erb S, Lowe R, Turkington K, Sabau E, Kuldau G, Juba J, Masson L, Mazza A, Roberts R. A prebiotic, Celmanax™, decreases Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonization of bovine cells and feed-associated cytotoxicity in vitro. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4:110. [PMID: 21473767 PMCID: PMC3090735 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli O157:H7 is the most common serovar of enterohemorrhagic E. coli associated with serious human disease outbreaks. Cattle are the main reservoir with E. coli O157:H7 inducing hemorrhagic enteritis in persistent shedding beef cattle, however little is known about how this pathogen affects cattle health. Jejunal Hemorrhage Syndrome (JHS) has unclear etiology but the pathology is similar to that described for E. coli O157:H7 challenged beef cattle suggestive that E. coli O157:H7 could be involved. There are no effective treatments for JHS however new approaches to managing pathogen issues in livestock using prebiotics and probiotics are gaining support. The first objective of the current study was to characterize pathogen colonization in hemorrhaged jejunum of dairy cattle during natural JHS outbreaks. The second objective was to confirm the association of mycotoxigenic fungi in feeds with the development of JHS and also to identify the presence of potential mycotoxins. The third objective was to determine the impact of a prebiotic, Celmanax™, or probiotic, Dairyman's Choice™ paste, on the cytotoxicity associated with feed extracts in vitro. The fourth objective was to determine the impact of a prebiotic or a probiotic on E. coli O157:H7 colonization of mucosal explants and a bovine colonic cell line in vitro. The final objective was to determine if prebiotic and probiotic feed additives could modify the symptoms that preceded JHS losses and the development of new JHS cases. Findings Dairy cattle developed JHS after consuming feed containing several types of mycotoxigenic fungi including Fusarium culmorum, F. poae, F. verticillioides, F. sporotrichioides, Aspergillusflavus, Penicillium roqueforti, P. crustosum, P. paneum and P. citrinum. Mixtures of Shiga toxin - producing Escherichia coli (STEC) colonized the mucosa in the hemorrhaged tissues of the cattle and no other pathogen was identified. The STECs expressed Stx1 and Stx2, but more significantly, Stxs were also present in the blood clot blocking the jejunum. Mycotoxin analysis of the corn crop confirmed the presence of fumonisin, NIV, ZEAR, DON, 15-ADON, 3-ADON, NEO, DAS, HT-2 and T-2. Feed extracts were toxic to enterocytes and 0.1% Celmanax™ removed the cytotoxicity in vitro. There was no effect of Dairyman's Choice™ paste on feed-extract activity in vitro. Fumonisin, T-2, ZEAR and DON were toxic to bovine cells and 0.1% Celmanax™ removed the cytotoxicity in vitro. Celmanax™ also directly decreased E. coli O157:H7 colonization of mucosal explants and a colonic cell line in a dose-dependent manner. There was no effect of Dairyman's Choice™ paste on E. coli O157:H7 colonization in vitro. The inclusion of the prebiotic and probiotic in the feed was associated with a decline in disease. Conclusion The current study confirmed an association between mycotoxigenic fungi in the feed and the development of JHS in cattle. This association was further expanded to include mycotoxins in the feed and mixtures of STECs colonizing the severely hemorrhaged tissues. Future studies should examine the extent of involvement of the different STEC in the infection process. The prebiotic, Celmanax™, acted as an anti-adhesive for STEC colonization and a mycotoxin binder in vitro. Future studies should determine the extent of involvement of the prebiotic in altering disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Baines
- Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1 Avenue South, P,O, Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada.
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