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Thacharodi A, Hassan S, Ahmed ZHT, Singh P, Maqbool M, Meenatchi R, Pugazhendhi A, Sharma A. The ruminant gut microbiome vs enteric methane emission: The essential microbes may help to mitigate the global methane crisis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 261:119661. [PMID: 39043353 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Ruminants release enteric methane into the atmosphere, significantly increasing greenhouse gas emissions and degrading the environment. A common focus of traditional mitigation efforts is on dietary management and manipulation, which may have limits in sustainability and efficacy, exploring the potential of essential microorganisms as a novel way to reduce intestinal methane emissions in ruminants; a topic that has garnered increased attention in recent years. Fermentation and feed digestion are significantly aided by essential microbes found in the rumen, such as bacteria, fungi, and archaea. The practical implications of the findings reported in various studies conducted on rumen gut concerning methane emissions may pave the way to understanding the mechanisms of CH4 production in the rumen to enhance cattle feed efficiency and mitigate CH4 emissions from livestock. This review discussed using essential bacteria to reduce intestinal methane emissions in ruminants. It investigates how particular microbial strains or consortia can alter rumen fermentation pathways to lower methane output while preserving the health and productivity of animals. We also describe the role of probiotics and prebiotics in managing methane emissions using microbial feed additives. Further, recent studies involving microbial interventions have been discussed. The use of new methods involving functional metagenomics and meta-transcriptomics for exploring the rumen microbiome structure has been highlighted. This review also emphasizes the challenges faced in altering the gut microbiome and future directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Thacharodi
- Dr. Thacharodi's Laboratories, Department of Research and Development, Puducherry, 605005, India
| | - Saqib Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600119, India; Future Leaders Mentoring Fellow, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, 20036, USA
| | - Z H Tawfeeq Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600119, India
| | - Prabhakar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600119, India
| | - Mohsin Maqbool
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Ramu Meenatchi
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centre of Bioengineering, NatProLab, AgroInnovationLab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro, 76130, Mexico
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centre of Bioengineering, NatProLab, AgroInnovationLab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro, 76130, Mexico.
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Malik PK, Trivedi S, Mohapatra A, Kolte AP, Mech A, Victor T, Ahasic E, Bhatta R. Oat Brewery Waste Decreased Methane Production and Alters Rumen Fermentation, Microbiota Composition, and CAZymes Profiles. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1475. [PMID: 39065243 PMCID: PMC11279122 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The transformation of oat brewery waste (OBW) into livestock feed could be a potential replacement for the expensive concentrate and one of the effective approaches for avoiding health hazards due to the accumulation of oat brewery waste in the environment. To explore the potential of OBW as a methane (CH4) mitigating agent, an in vitro study was undertaken to investigate the effect of graded replacement of concentrate with OBW on CH4 production, microbiota, feed fermentation, and CAZymes. A total of five treatments with variable proportions of OBW were formulated. The results indicated a linear decrease in the total gas production and a 38-52% decrease in CH4 production with a 60 and 100% replacement of concentrate with OBW. The inclusion of OBW also affected the abundance of microbes such as Firmicutes, Euryarchaeota, Methanobrevibacter, and protozoa numbers. This study demonstrated that OBW can partially replace the concentrate and effectively mitigate CH4 production; however, the concurrent decrease in fermentation cautioned for the partial replacement of concentrate with OBW at an appropriate level at which the fermentation remains unaffected while decreasing CH4 production. Therefore, waste from oat breweries can contribute to curtailing the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Malik
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India; (S.T.); (A.M.); (A.P.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Shraddha Trivedi
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India; (S.T.); (A.M.); (A.P.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Archit Mohapatra
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India; (S.T.); (A.M.); (A.P.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Atul Purshottam Kolte
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India; (S.T.); (A.M.); (A.P.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Anjumoni Mech
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India; (S.T.); (A.M.); (A.P.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Tsuma Victor
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria; (T.V.); (E.A.)
| | - Elena Ahasic
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria; (T.V.); (E.A.)
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Pepeta BN, Hassen A, Tesfamariam EH. Quantifying the Impact of Different Dietary Rumen Modulating Strategies on Enteric Methane Emission and Productivity in Ruminant Livestock: A Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:763. [PMID: 38473148 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A meta-analysis was conducted with an aim to quantify the beneficial effects of nine different dietary rumen modulating strategies which includes: the use of plant-based bioactive compounds (saponin, tannins, oils, and ether extract), feed additives (nitrate, biochar, seaweed, and 3-nitroxy propanol), and diet manipulation (concentrate feeding) on rumen fermentation, enteric methane (CH4) production (g/day), CH4 yield (g/kg dry matter intake) and CH4 emission intensity (g/kg meat or milk), and production performance parameters (the average daily gain, milk yield and milk quality) of ruminant livestock. The dataset was constructed by compiling global data from 110 refereed publications on in vivo studies conducted in ruminants from 2005 to 2023 and anlayzed using a meta-analytical approach.. Of these dietary rumen manipulation strategies, saponin and biochar reduced CH4 production on average by 21%. Equally, CH4 yield was reduced by 15% on average in response to nitrate, oils, and 3-nitroxy propanol (3-NOP). In dairy ruminants, nitrate, oils, and 3-NOP reduced the intensity of CH4 emission (CH4 in g/kg milk) on average by 28.7%. Tannins and 3-NOP increased on average ruminal propionate and butyrate while reducing the acetate:propionate (A:P) ratio by 12%, 13.5% and 13%, respectively. Oils increased propionate by 2% while reducing butyrate and the A:P ratio by 2.9% and 3.8%, respectively. Use of 3-NOP increased the production of milk fat (g/kg DMI) by 15% whereas oils improved the yield of milk fat and protein (kg/d) by 16% and 20%, respectively. On the other hand, concentrate feeding improved dry matter intake and milk yield (g/kg DMI) by 23.4% and 19%, respectively. However, feed efficiency was not affected by any of the dietary rumen modulating strategies. Generally, the use of nitrate, saponin, oils, biochar and 3-NOP were effective as CH4 mitigating strategies, and specifically oils and 3-NOP provided a co-benefit of improving production parameters in ruminant livestock. Equally concentrate feeding improved production parameters in ruminant livestock without any significant effect on enteric methane emission. Therefore, it is advisable to refine further these strategies through life cycle assessment or modelling approaches to accurately capture their influence on farm-scale production, profitability and net greenhouse gas emissions. The adoption of the most viable, region-specific strategies should be based on factors such as the availability and cost of the strategy in the region, the specific goals to be achieved, and the cost-benefit ratio associated with implementing these strategies in ruminant livestock production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulelani N Pepeta
- Department of Animal Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Abubeker Hassen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Eyob H Tesfamariam
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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Malik PK, Trivedi S, Kolte AP, Mohapatra A, Biswas S, Bhattar AVK, Bhatta R, Rahman H. Comparative Rumen Metagenome and CAZyme Profiles in Cattle and Buffaloes: Implications for Methane Yield and Rumen Fermentation on a Common Diet. Microorganisms 2023; 12:47. [PMID: 38257874 PMCID: PMC10818812 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A study was undertaken to compare the rumen microbial community composition, methane yield, rumen fermentation, and CAZyme profiles between cattle and buffaloes. The primary aim of this study was to ascertain the impact of the host species on the above when diet and environmental factors are fixed. A total of 43 phyla, 200 orders, 458 families, and 1722 microbial genera were identified in the study. Bacteroidetes was the most prominent bacterial phylum and constituted >1/3rd of the ruminal microbiota; however, their abundances were comparable between cattle and buffaloes. Firmicutes were the second most abundant bacteria, found to be negatively correlated with the Bacteroidetes. The abundances of Firmicutes as well as the F/B ratio were not different between the two host species. In this study, archaea affiliated with the nine phyla were identified, with Euryarchaeota being the most prominent. Like bacterial phyla, the abundances of Euryarchaeota methanogens were also similar between the cattle and buffaloes. At the order level, Methanobacteriales dominated the archaea. Methanogens from the Methanosarcinales, Methanococcales, Methanomicrobiales, and Methanomassiliicoccales groups were also identified, but at a lower frequency. Methanobrevibacter was the most prevalent genus of methanogens, accounting for approximately three percent of the rumen metagenome. However, their distribution was not different between the two host species. CAZymes affiliated with five classes, namely CBM, CE, GH, GT, and PL, were identified in the metagenome, where the GH class was the most abundant and constituted ~70% of the total CAZymes. The protozoal numbers, including Entodiniomorphs and Holotrichs, were also comparable between the cattle and buffaloes. Results from the study did not reveal any significant difference in feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation between cattle and buffaloes fed on the same diet. As methane yield due to the similar diet composition, feed ingredients, rumen fermentation, and microbiota composition did not vary, these results indicate that the microbiota community structure and methane emissions are under the direct influence of the diet and environment, and the host species may play only a minor role until the productivity does not vary. More studies are warranted to investigate the effect of different diets and environments on microbiota composition and methane yield. Further, the impact of variable productivity on both the cattle and buffaloes when the diet and environmental factors are fixed needs to be ascertained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K. Malik
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India; (P.K.M.)
| | - Shraddha Trivedi
- International Livestock Research Institute, South Asia Regional Office, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Atul P. Kolte
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India; (P.K.M.)
| | - Archit Mohapatra
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India; (P.K.M.)
| | - Siddharth Biswas
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India; (P.K.M.)
| | - Ashwin V. K. Bhattar
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India; (P.K.M.)
| | - Raghavendra Bhatta
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India; (P.K.M.)
| | - Habibar Rahman
- International Livestock Research Institute, South Asia Regional Office, New Delhi 110012, India
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Alayón-Gamboa JA, Albores-Moreno S, Jiménez-Ferrer G, Alarcón-Zúñiga B, Miranda-Romero LA, Pérez-Luna EJ, Canul-Solís J. Tropical tree foliage supplementation in ruminants improves rumen fermentation and the bacterial profile and decreases methane production. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4510-4522. [PMID: 36639141 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2165935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The main of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of tropical tree foliage in ruminant diets on the in vitro fermentation, bacterial population, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and enteric CH4 production. Seven experimental diets were evaluated: a control treatment of Pennisetum purpureum (T7) and six treatments of P. purpureum supplemented (30%) with the foliage of Neomillspaughia emargiata (T1), Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia (T2), Caesalpinia gaumeri (T3), Piscidia piscipula (T4), Leucaena leucocephala (T5), and Havardia albicans (T6). The T2, T7, and T5 treatments had the highest (p < 0.05) digestibility of dry matter. Overall, supplementation increased (p < 0.05) the concentrations of propionic and butyric acid and decreased acetic acid. Methanogenic bacteria decreased (p < 0.05) in T1, T2, T5, and T6. Ruminococcus albus decreased in T1, T2, T3, and T5 and Selenomonas ruminiantum increased in T3. Fibrobacter succinogenes increased, except in T5. Methane production decreased (p < 0.05) in T1, T4, T5, and T6. The supplementation with Leucaena leucocephala, Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia, Neomillspaughia emargiata, Piscidia piscipula, Havardia albicans, and Caesalpinia gaumeri is a potential alternative nutritional strategy for ruminants that results in positive changes in VFAs profile, a decrease on CH4 production and methanogenic bacteria, and changes on fibrolytic and non-fibrolytic bacteria composition.HIGHLIGHTSTropical tree foliage supplementation increased propionic and butyric acid and decreased acetic acid concentrations.Fibrolytic, non-fibrolytic, and Methanogenic bacteria were selectively modulated with the supplementation of tropical tree foliage.The enteric methane (CH4) production decreased with the supplementation of tree foliage.The supplementation of Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia and Leucaena leucocephala had the highest digestibility and is a potential alternative nutritional strategy for ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - B Alarcón-Zúñiga
- Graduate Department of Animal Production, Autonomous University of Chapingo, Chapingo, Mexico
| | - L A Miranda-Romero
- Graduate Department of Animal Production, Autonomous University of Chapingo, Chapingo, Mexico
| | - E J Pérez-Luna
- Faculty of Agronomic Sciences C-V, Autonomous University of Chiapas, Villaflores, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - J Canul-Solís
- National Technological Institute of Mexico, Technological Institute of Tizimín, Tizimín, Mexico
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Preez DAD, Akanmu AM, Adejoro FA, Hassen A. The Effect of Monensin vs. Neem, and Moringa Extracts on Nutrient Digestibility, Growth Performance, Methane, and Blood Profile of Merino Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3514. [PMID: 38003132 PMCID: PMC10668727 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant secondary compounds are potential rumen modifiers that can improve nutrient utilization in ruminant animals. This study evaluated the effect of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extracts on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and enteric methane production in South African Mutton Merino lambs. Forty 4-month-old ram lambs with a mean body weight of 35 ± 2.2 kg were blocked by weight and from each block, lambs were randomly allocated into one of the following treatments: (i) diet only (fed a total mixed ration TMR-negative control), (ii) Monensin (fed TMR containing Monensin sodium, 15 mg/kg DM), (iii) Moringa (fed TMR, drenched with Moringa extract 50 mg/kg feed DM intake), and (iv) Neem (fed TMR, drenched with Neem extract 50 mg/kg DM intake). Extracts were administered via oral drenching at a concentration determined based on the previous week's feed intake. There were no differences in dry matter intake, average daily gain, feed conversion efficiency, digestibility, and nitrogen retention across the treatments. However, the extracts tended to reduce methane emitted both in g/head/day (p < 0.08) and g/ kg dry matter intake (p < 0.07). Extracts did not influence any of the blood metabolites in the ram lambs. Although the benefits of utilizing these medicinal plants as rumen modifiers under prolonged feeding conditions is justified, further evaluation is recommended to test Moringa and Neem leaf extracts at higher inclusion levels. Our research group is currently exploring a variety of phytogenic tools for the identification and standardization of key bioactive compounds linked to methane inhibition, in these leaf extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danah A. Du Preez
- Department of Animal Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Abiodun Mayowa Akanmu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Festus Adeyemi Adejoro
- Department of Animal Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Abubeker Hassen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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Malik PK, Trivedi S, Kolte AP, Mohapatra A, Bhatta R, Rahman H. Effect of an anti-methanogenic supplement on enteric methane emission, fermentation, and whole rumen metagenome in sheep. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1048288. [PMID: 36478863 PMCID: PMC9719938 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1048288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the impact of an anti-methanogenic product supplementation on enteric methane emissions, whole rumen metagenome and ruminal fermentation in sheep. Twelve adult male sheep were randomly divided into two groups of six animals each. Animals were fed ad libitum on a total mixed ration either without (CON) or with an anti-methanogenic supplement (Harit Dhara-HD). The anti-methanogenic supplement contained 22.1% tannic acid in a 3: 1 ratio of condensed and hydrolysable tannins. The supplementation of product revealed a significant reduction in daily enteric methane emission (21.9 vs. 17.2 g/d) and methane yield (23.2 vs. 18.2) without affecting the nutrient intake and digestibility. However, the propionate concentration in the HD treatment group was significantly higher than in the CON group. On the contrary, the ammonia nitrogen concentration was lower. The anti-methanogenic supplement significantly decreased the ruminal protozoa in the HD treatment group. Whole rumen metagenome analysis revealed that the core bacterial (Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes) and archaeal communities (Methanobrevibacter and Methanosarcina) were comparable between the CON and HD treatment groups. However, the supplementation of anti-methanogenic product led to a considerable reduction in the abundance of Proteobacteria, whereas the abundance of Lentisphaerae was greater. The supplementation significantly decreased the abundance of Methanocaldococcus, Methanococcoides, Methanocella, and Methanoregula methanogens. A total of 36 KO related to methanogenesis were identified in this study. The activities of formate dehydrogenase (EC 1.8.98.6) and tetrahydromethanopterin S-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.86) were significantly lowered by the anti-methanogenic product supplementation in sheep. In conclusion, the anti-methanogenic supplement has the potential to decrease enteric methane emission (~22%) at the recommended level (5% of DM) of supplementation. The contribution of minor methanogens vulnerable to supplementation to rumen methanogenesis is not known; hence, the culturing of these archaea should be taken on priority for determining the impact on overall rumen methanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Malik
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Atul Purushottam Kolte
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India,*Correspondence: Atul Purushottam Kolte,
| | - Archit Mohapatra
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Raghavendra Bhatta
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Habibar Rahman
- International Livestock Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Bhatt R, Sarkar S, Sharma P, Soni L, Sahoo A. Comparing the efficacy of forage combinations with different hydrolysable and condensed tannin levels to improve production and lower methane emission in finisher lambs. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Comparing the Effects of a Pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) Bark Extract with a Quebracho (Schinopsis balansae Engl.) Extract on Methane Production and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Parameters. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091080. [PMID: 35565507 PMCID: PMC9100322 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) bark extract (PBE) with a quebracho (Schinopsis balansae Engl.) extract (QTE) on methane (CH4) production and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. A forage diet supplemented with PBE or QTE (0, 2 and 4% dry matter (DM) basis) was incubated for 24 h to determine in vitro DM disappearance (IVDMD), CH4, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) production. Differences were analyzed using Tukey’s test, orthogonal contrasts, hierarchical clustering heatmap (HCH), and principal component analysis (PCA). Both extracts (4% DM) decreased butyrate (Bu; p = 0.001), CH4 (p = 0.005), total VFA (p < 0.001), and NH3-N (p = 0.006) production and increased acetate (Ac; p = 0.003) without affecting the partitioning factor (p = 0.095). Propionate (Pr; p = 0.016) was increased, whereas IVDMD (p = 0.041) was decreased with QTE (4% DM). The inclusion of QTE (2% DM) decreased CH4 production (p = 0.005) and the (Ac + Bu)/Pr ratio (p = 0.003), whereas PBE (2% DM) decreased the NH3-N (p = 0.006) and total VFA production (p < 0.001). The HCH and PCA indicate a negative correlation (r = −0.93; p < 0.001) between CH4 production and tannins. In conclusion, PBE shares many of the effects generated by QTE on ruminal fermentation, although the magnitude of these effects depends on concentration. The PBE could be used as an additive in ruminant diets to reduce CH4 and NH3-N production without reducing IVDMD or increasing propionate, but further in vivo studies are required to clarify its effects on animal production.
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Thanh LP, Kha PTT, Hang TTT. Jackfruit leaves can totally replace traditional grass in the diet of lactating dairy goats. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2035734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lam Phuoc Thanh
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Truong Thoai Kha
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Thi Thuy Hang
- Department of Agricultural Technology, College of Rural Development, Can Tho University, Hau Giang, Viet Nam
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Cardoso-Gutierrez E, Aranda-Aguirre E, Robles-Jimenez LE, Castelán-Ortega OA, Chay-Canul AJ, Foggi G, Angeles-Hernandez JC, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, González-Ronquillo M. Effect of tannins from tropical plants on methane production from ruminants: A systematic review. Vet Anim Sci 2021; 14:100214. [PMID: 34841126 PMCID: PMC8606516 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A negative relationship was observed between the level of tannin inclusion and CH4 emission. The effect of CH4 mitigation is increasing as the level of tannin inclusion is higher. Sub-group analysis revealed differences of tannins supplementation response according to CH4 emission measurements techniques.
Methane (CH4) is a greenhouse gas generated during the feed fermentation processes in the rumen. However, numerous studies have been conducted to determine the capacity of plant secondary metabolites to enhance ruminal fermentation and decrease CH4 production, especially those plants rich in tannins. This review conducted a descriptive analysis and meta-analysis of the use of tannin-rich plants in tropical regions to mitigate CH4 production from livestock. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of tannins supplementation in tropical plants on CH4 production in ruminants using a meta-analytic approach and the effect on microbial population. Sources of heterogeneity were explored using a meta-regression analysis. Final database was integrated by a total of 14 trials. The ‘meta’ package in R statistical software was used to conduct the meta-analyses. The covariates defined a priori in the current meta-regression were inclusion level, species (sheep, beef cattle, dairy cattle, and cross-bred heifers) and plant. Results showed that supplementation with tropical plants with tannin contents have the greatest effects on CH4 mitigation . A negative relationship was observed between the level of inclusion and CH4 emission (−0.09), which means that the effect of CH4 mitigation is increasing as the level of tannin inclusion is higher. Therefore, less CH4 production will be obtained when supplementing tropical plants in the diet with a high dose of tannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cardoso-Gutierrez
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100 Ote. Toluca, Estado de México, 50000, Mexico
| | - E Aranda-Aguirre
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100 Ote. Toluca, Estado de México, 50000, Mexico
| | - L E Robles-Jimenez
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100 Ote. Toluca, Estado de México, 50000, Mexico
| | - O A Castelán-Ortega
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100 Ote. Toluca, Estado de México, 50000, Mexico
| | - A J Chay-Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, km 25, R/A, la Huasteca 2ª Sección, CP 86280, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - G Foggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - J C Angeles-Hernandez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km. 1, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo México, 43600 Mexico
| | - E Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - M González-Ronquillo
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100 Ote. Toluca, Estado de México, 50000, Mexico
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Vera N, Gutiérrez C, Williams P, Fuentealba C, Allende R, Ávila–Stagno J. Low concentrations of a polyphenolic extract from pine bark in high–concentrate diets decrease in vitro rumen ammonia nitrogen but not methane production. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.1995392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Vera
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillán, Chile
| | - Constanza Gutiérrez
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillán, Chile
| | - Pamela Williams
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillán, Chile
| | - Cecilia Fuentealba
- Technological Development Unit, Universidad de Concepción, Coronel, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Allende
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillán, Chile
| | - Jorge Ávila–Stagno
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillán, Chile
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Almeida AK, Hegarty RS, Cowie A. Meta-analysis quantifying the potential of dietary additives and rumen modifiers for methane mitigation in ruminant production systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:1219-1230. [PMID: 34754963 PMCID: PMC8556609 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly countries are seeking to reduce emission of greenhouse gases from the agricultural industries, and livestock production in particular, as part of their climate change management. While many reviews update progress in mitigation research, a quantitative assessment of the efficacy and performance-consequences of nutritional strategies to mitigate enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants has been lacking. A meta-analysis was conducted based on 108 refereed papers from recent animal studies (2000–2020) to report effects on CH4 production, CH4 yield and CH4 emission intensity from 8 dietary interventions. The interventions (oils, microalgae, nitrate, ionophores, protozoal control, phytochemicals, essential oils and 3-nitrooxypropanol). Of these, macroalgae and 3-nitrooxypropanol showed greatest efficacy in reducing CH4 yield (g CH4/kg of dry matter intake) at the doses trialled. The confidence intervals derived for the mitigation efficacies could be applied to estimate the potential to reduce national livestock emissions through the implementation of these dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia K Almeida
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Roger S Hegarty
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Annette Cowie
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.,NSW Department of Primary Industries, Trevenna Rd, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
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14
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SANTRA A, DAS SK, MANDAL A, DUTTA TK. Influence of Kamela (Mallotus philippensis) leaves as herbal feed additive on nutrient utilization and performances in growing crossbred calves. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i10.111416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This work was undertaken to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of Kamela (Mallotus philippensis) leaf meal as herbal feed additive on nutrients utilization and growth performance of growing crossbred calves. Ten numbers of growing Jersey male cross-bred calves were divided in to two groups (G1 and G2) and were fed individually under stall feeding on a paddy straw based mixed ration (50% paddy straw and 50% concentrate mixture) for 140 days. Two types (C1 and C2) of iso-nitrogenous concentrate mixtures were prepared. Wheat bran in concentrate mixture (C2) of test group (G2) was partially replaced (4 parts w/w) with sun dried ground Mallotus philippensis leaf meal. Experimental calves of test group (G2) fed Mallotus philippensis leaf meal @ 2% of the diet. Daily dry matter intake (g/d) was similar among the calves of two experimental groups. Apparent digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, ADF and cellulose were higher in the Mallotus philippensis leaf meal fed calves (G2). DCP value of the ration was similar while, TDN value of the ration was higher in the calves of Mallotus philippensis leaf meal supplemented group (G2). However, plane of nutrition among the calves of both experimental groups was similar. Average finishing body weight, daily body weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and blood glucose level were higher in Mallotus philippensis leaf fed calves (G2). The results of the study indicated that dietary supplementation Kamela (Mallotus philippensis) leaf meal as herbal feed additive @ 2% of total diet significantly improved the performance in growing male crossbred calves.
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Ku-Vera JC, Jiménez-Ocampo R, Valencia-Salazar SS, Montoya-Flores MD, Molina-Botero IC, Arango J, Gómez-Bravo CA, Aguilar-Pérez CF, Solorio-Sánchez FJ. Role of Secondary Plant Metabolites on Enteric Methane Mitigation in Ruminants. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:584. [PMID: 33195495 PMCID: PMC7481446 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The rumen microbiome plays a fundamental role in all ruminant species, it is involved in health, nutrient utilization, detoxification, and methane emissions. Methane is a greenhouse gas which is eructated in large volumes by ruminants grazing extensive grasslands in the tropical regions of the world. Enteric methane is the largest contributor to the emissions of greenhouse gases originating from animal agriculture. A large variety of plants containing secondary metabolites [essential oils (terpenoids), tannins, saponins, and flavonoids] have been evaluated as cattle feedstuffs and changes in volatile fatty acid proportions and methane synthesis in the rumen have been assessed. Alterations to the rumen microbiome may lead to changes in diversity, composition, and structure of the methanogen community. Legumes containing condensed tannins such as Leucaena leucocephala have shown a good methane mitigating effect when fed at levels of up to 30–35% of ration dry matter in cattle as a result of the effect of condensed tannins on rumen bacteria and methanogens. It has been shown that saponins disrupt the membrane of rumen protozoa, thus decreasing the numbers of both protozoa and methanogenic archaea. Trials carried out with cattle housed in respiration chambers have demonstrated the enteric methane mitigation effect in cattle and sheep of tropical legumes such as Enterolobium cyclocarpum and Samanea saman which contain saponins. Essential oils are volatile constituents of terpenoid or non-terpenoid origin which impair energy metabolism of archaea and have shown reductions of up to 26% in enteric methane emissions in ruminants. There is emerging evidence showing the potential of flavonoids as methane mitigating compounds, but more work is required in vivo to confirm preliminary findings. From the information hereby presented, it is clear that plant secondary metabolites can be a rational approach to modulate the rumen microbiome and modify its function, some species of rumen microbes improve protein and fiber degradation and reduce feed energy loss as methane in ruminants fed tropical plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Ku-Vera
- Laboratory of Climate Change and Livestock Production, Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Rafael Jiménez-Ocampo
- Laboratory of Climate Change and Livestock Production, Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Mérida, Mexico.,National Institute for Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research-INIFAP, Experimental Field Valle del Guadiana, Durango, Mexico
| | | | - María Denisse Montoya-Flores
- National Center for Disciplinary Research in Physiology and Animal Breeding, National Institute for Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research-INIFAP, Ajuchitlan, Queretaro, Mexico
| | | | - Jacobo Arango
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Carlos Fernando Aguilar-Pérez
- Laboratory of Climate Change and Livestock Production, Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Solorio-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Climate Change and Livestock Production, Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Mérida, Mexico
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16
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Thirumalaisamy G, Malik PK, Kolte AP, Trivedi S, Dhali A, Bhatta R. Effect of silkworm ( Bombyx mori) pupae oil supplementation on enteric methane emission and methanogens diversity in sheep. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:128-140. [PMID: 32573336 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1781147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to examine the effect of silkworm pupae oil on methane (CH4) emission and methanogens diversity. Five graded levels (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%) of silkworm pupae oil were tested in vitro. Eighteen Mandya adult sheep were divided into three groups. All the animals were fed on similar basal diet except the oil supplementation in test groups. Oil level for supplementation was decided on the basis of in vitro study. In vitro study indicated a reduction of 22% in CH4 production with 2% oil supplementation. Animals in test groups were supplemented with oil (2%) either daily (CON) or intermittently (INT) on every alternate week for all the seven days. A significant reduction of 17-20% in enteric CH4 emission (g/d) was achieved due to oil supplementation in sheep. However, No variation was established between test groups CON and INT. In present study, Methanobrevibacter was major genus contributed ∼90% of the total rumen methanogens; whilst Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii was the most abundant methanogens species. Abundance of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium was affected with the oil supplementation. It can be concluded that the silkworm pupae oil at 2% can decrease CH4 emission by 15-20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Thirumalaisamy
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - P K Malik
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - A P Kolte
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - S Trivedi
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - A Dhali
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - R Bhatta
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
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17
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Thirumalaisamy G, Malik PK, Kolte AP, Bhatta R. In vitro evaluation of graded level of Silkworm pupae ( Bombyx mori) oil on methane production, fermentation characteristics, and protozoal populations. Vet World 2020; 13:586-592. [PMID: 32367968 PMCID: PMC7183453 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.586-592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of variable levels of silkworm pupae oil and roughage: concentrate ratio on in vitro methane production, fermentation characteristics, and rumen protozoa population. Materials and Methods In vitro gas production study (24 h) was performed with graded levels of silkworm pupae oil, namely, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 5% of the basal diet and four variable dietary regimes consisting roughage and concentrate in different proportions (70:30, 60:40, 50:50, and 40:60). At the end of incubation, gas samples were analyzed for methane, while fermented rumen liquor was used for protozoa enumeration. A separate set of incubations was carried out for the determination of in vitro dry matter digestibility. Results Results from the in vitro studies revealed no adverse impact of the silkworm pupae oil supplementation up to 2% level on total gas production. However, supplementation beyond 2% has shown a reduction in total gas production. Incubation with variable levels (0.5-5%) of silkworm pupae oil with different dietary regimes indicated negligible (3-5%) to a substantial reduction (25-30%) on methane production. A graded decrement in methane production was recorded with increasing levels of silkworm pupae oil. Similarly, the protozoal populations were decreased from 10 to 51.5% with graded levels of silkworm pupae oil in different dietary regimes as studies did not reveal any significant (p>0.05) variation between 2 and 4% of oil supplementation. Conclusion The silkworm pupae oil supplementation at 2% level decreases methane production by 12-15% without any adverse impact on feed fermentation. Oil supplementation may have a more pronounced effect on methane reduction if added to high roughage diet at in vitro conditions. However, in vivo, studies in ruminants are warranted to confirm the methane reduction with silkworm pupae oil supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Thirumalaisamy
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.,ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Malik
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Atul P Kolte
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghavendra Bhatta
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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18
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Aboagye IA, Beauchemin KA. Potential of Molecular Weight and Structure of Tannins to Reduce Methane Emissions from Ruminants: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9110856. [PMID: 31652766 PMCID: PMC6912696 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Regardless of the production system adopted, ruminant livestock contribute to greenhouse emissions that are associated with climate change. Among the greenhouse gases, enteric methane produced from the rumen is of the greatest concern because it is the largest single source of livestock emissions. Among the different dietary strategies examined to decrease methanogenesis in ruminants, the use of tannins shows promise, but has received only moderate attention. However, tannins are abundant in both tropical and temperate plants and so are widely available globally and may be an economical approach for livestock producers to mitigate enteric methane emissions. This review explores the challenges and opportunities of using dietary tannins to reduce enteric methane emissions from ruminants. Abstract There is a need to reduce enteric methane (CH4) to ensure the environmental sustainability of ruminant production systems. Tannins are naturally found in both tropical and temperate plants, and have been shown to consistently decrease urinary nitrogen (N) excretion when consumed by ruminants. However, the limited number of in vivo studies conducted indicates that the effects of tannins on intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, CH4 production and animal performance vary depending on source, type, dose, and molecular weight (MW). There are two main types of tannin in terrestrial plants: condensed tannin (CT; high MW) and hydrolysable tannin (HT; low MW). Consumption of CT and HT by ruminants can reduce N excretion without negatively affecting animal performance. High MW tannins bind to dietary protein, while low MW tannins affect rumen microbes, and thus, irrespective of type of tannin, N excretion is affected. The structure of high MW tannin is more diverse compared with that of low MW tannin, which may partly explain the inconsistent effects of CT on CH4 production reported in in vivo studies. In contrast, the limited number of in vivo studies with low MW HT potentially shows a consistent decrease in CH4 production, possibly attributed to the gallic acid subunit. Further in vivo studies are needed to determine the effects of tannins, characterized by MW and structural composition, on reducing CH4 emissions and improving animal performance in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Aboagye
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada.
| | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada.
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Núñez-Torres OP, Rodríguez-Barros MA. Subproductos agrícolas, una alternativa en la alimentación de rumiantes ante el cambio climático. JOURNAL OF THE SELVA ANDINA ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.36610/j.jsaas.2019.060100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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20
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Freitas DS, Terry SA, Ribeiro RS, Pereira LGR, Tomich TR, Machado FS, Campos MM, Corrêa PS, Abdalla AL, Maurício RM, Chaves AV. Unconventional Vegetable Oils for a Reduction of Methanogenesis and Modulation of Ruminal Fermentation. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:201. [PMID: 30234132 PMCID: PMC6133986 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of vegetable oils from plants grown in Brazil, first using the in vitro batch culture, and then evaluating the oil with methane (CH4) reducing potential in an in vivo experiment. The in vitro experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design using the seven contrasting oils. Treatments consisted of a control and 3 increasing concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 5% v/v) of oil added to a tifton 85 hay samples. All vegetable oils linearly decreased (P < 0.01) gas production after 24 h of incubation, with the greatest reduction when 5% of oil was included into the diet. Açaí and buriti had no effect of CH4 (% or mL/g DM incubated) however carrot, macaúba, basil, passionflower, and pequi oil all linearly decreased (P < 0.01) CH4 production with increasing inclusion rate of oil. Pequi oil resulted in the largest decrease in CH4 production (mL/g DM incubated) after 24 h of in vitro incubation. The objective of the in vivo experiment was to evaluate the effects of pequi oil on nutrient digestibility, CH4 production, and rumen fermentation parameters in wethers fed a hay-based diet. The experiment was conducted as a 2 × 2 Latin Square design using 4 Dorper wethers (63.4 ± 1.46 kg body weight). There were 2 experimental periods of 21 d each, with d 1-14 used for diet adaptation and d 15-21 for measurements and collections. The treatments consisted of a control diet and pequi oil fed at 70 g per animal per day. The addition of pequi oil to the diet had no effect on feed intake or the digestibility of nutrients, however there was a numerical decrease in the population of cellulolytic bacteria. There was a tendency (P = 0.06) for pequi oil addition to decrease CH4 production (g/d) by 17.5%. From this study, we can conclude that pequi oil may be used as a suitable oil for reducing CH4 production from ruminants, with no negative effects on intake or digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S Freitas
- Bioengineering Department, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Stephanie A Terry
- School of Life and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rafael S Ribeiro
- Bioengineering Department, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Patricia S Corrêa
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Adibe L Abdalla
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Rogério M Maurício
- Bioengineering Department, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Alexandre V Chaves
- School of Life and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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21
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Mousa SA, Malik PK, Kolte AP, Bhatta R, Kasuga S, Uyeno Y. Evaluation of in vitro ruminal fermentation of ensiled fruit byproducts and their potential for feed use. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 32:103-109. [PMID: 29879816 PMCID: PMC6325409 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Ensiling of tannin-rich fruit byproducts (FB) involves quantitative and qualitative changes in the tannins, which would consequently change the rumen fermentation characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate whether ensiled FBs are effective in mitigating methane emission from ruminants by conducting in vitro assessments. Methods Fruit byproducts (grape pomace, wild grape pomace, and persimmon skin) were collected and subjected to four-week ensiling by Lactobacillus buchneri inoculant. A defined feed component with or without FB samples (both fresh and ensiled material) were subjected to in vitro anaerobic culturing using rumen fluid sampled from beef cattle, and the fermentation parameters and microbial populations were monitored. Results Reduced methane production and a proportional change in total volatile fatty acids (especially enhanced propionate proportion) was noted in bottles containing the FBs compared with that in the control (without FB). In addition, we found lower gene copy number of archaeal 16S rRNA and considerably higher levels of one of the major fibrolytic bacteria (Fibrobacter succinogenes) in the bottles containing FBs than in the control, particularly, when it was included in a forage-based feed. However, in the following cultivation experiment, we observed that FBs failed to exhibit a significant difference in methane production with or without polyethylene glycol, implying that tannins in the FBs may not be responsible for the mitigation of methane generation. Conclusion The results of the in vitro cultivation experiments indicated that not only the composition but also ensiling of FBs affected rumen fermentation patterns and the degree of methane generation. This is primarily because of the compositional changes in the fibrous fraction during ensiling as well as the presence of readily fermented substrates, whereas tannins in these FBs seemed to have little effect on the ruminal fermentation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A Mousa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa 3994598, Japan.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Pradeep K Malik
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru 560030, India
| | - Atul P Kolte
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru 560030, India
| | - Raghavendra Bhatta
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru 560030, India
| | - Shigemitsu Kasuga
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa 3994598, Japan
| | - Yutaka Uyeno
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa 3994598, Japan
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