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Huzzey JM, Jarrett JP, Sharman ED, Garcia M, Chapman JD, McLean DJ. Effects of OmniGen AF feed supplementation on glucocorticoids, blood leukocyte messenger RNA abundance, and energy metabolism in overstocked Holstein dairy cows. Animal 2023; 17:100805. [PMID: 37149993 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological consequences of overstocking require more investigation, and no research has explored whether dietary supplements could mitigate the anticipated negative physiological effects. OmniGen AF (OG, Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Teaneck, NJ, USA) is a nutritional supplement that has been shown to support the immune system of cattle following internal and environmental stressors. This study aimed to determine if a 45-day period of OG feed supplementation would influence whole blood leukocyte messenger RNA abundance, energy metabolism and glucocorticoid concentration, during a two-week period of overstocking. Two stocking density treatments (control: one headlock and lying stall per cow; overstocked: 0.5 headlocks and 0.5 lying stalls per cow) and two diet treatments (control: no added supplement; and OG: 56 g/cow per day) were investigated. Four pens of 15 cows were fed their assigned diet (two pens per diet; control stocking density) for 45 days after which each stocking density treatment was applied for a 14-day period using a cross-over design; this study design was replicated twice. During each 14-day period, blood was collected on day four to measure whole blood leukocyte messenger RNA abundance (cluster of differentiation 80, interleukin 8 receptor-beta, interleukin 10 receptor-beta and L-selectin) and fecal samples were collected every two days to measure fecal cortisol metabolite concentration (11,17-dioxoandrostanes). At the end of each 14-day period, eight cows from each pen were selected for an intravenous glucose tolerance test; glucose, insulin and non-esterified fatty acids were measured. There were no effects of diet or stocking density on leukocyte messenger RNA abundance. Fecal cortisol metabolite concentrations were highest for overstocked cows on the control diet on day four of the stocking density treatment; however, by day 10, overstocked cows fed OG had the highest fecal cortisol metabolite concentrations. Overstocked cows, regardless of diet, had an attenuated insulin response during the glucose tolerance test, represented by a lower area under the curve estimate. Cows fed OG but not overstocked, had a lower non-esterified fatty acid nadir during the glucose challenge, compared to all the other treatments. In conclusion, overstocking prompts a physiological stress response and alters energy metabolism by decreasing the insulin response to an intravenous glucose challenge. Feeding OG during overstocking delayed the increase in fecal cortisol metabolites by several days; however, it is unclear if this altered glucocorticoid response benefited the cow, as OG had no effect on insulin responses or immune parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Huzzey
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
| | - J P Jarrett
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Teaneck, NJ 07666-6712, USA
| | - E D Sharman
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Teaneck, NJ 07666-6712, USA
| | - M Garcia
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Teaneck, NJ 07666-6712, USA
| | - J D Chapman
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Teaneck, NJ 07666-6712, USA
| | - D J McLean
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Teaneck, NJ 07666-6712, USA
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Cavallini D, Mammi LME, Palmonari A, García-González R, Chapman JD, McLean DJ, Formigoni A. Effect of an Immunomodulatory Feed Additive in Mitigating the Stress Responses in Lactating Dairy Cows to a High Concentrate Diet Challenge. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2129. [PMID: 36009720 PMCID: PMC9404850 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy cows are often exposed to multiple stressors in a lactation-cycle, with sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) a frequent example of nutritional stress. SARA affects ruminal and intestinal equilibrium resulting in dysbiosis with localized and systemic inflammation impacting animal health and productivity. OmniGen-AF (OMN, Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Teaneck, NJ, USA) is a feed product recognized for modulating innate immune function, especially during periods of stress. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of OMN in lactating dairy cows fed a high-starch, low-fiber diet. Twenty-four blocked cows were assigned to control or treatment (55 g/d). After the additive adaptation (49 d) cows were fed the challenge diet (28 d). Milk, rumination and pH were continuously recorded; components, rumen fluid, and blood were taken in multiple time-point and analyzed. Results showed that the challenge decreased the rumination, shifted ruminal fluid composition, decreased milk production and the components, and slightly increased the time below pH 5.5, with no differences between groups. The treatment produced greater rumen butyrate and lower lactate, prompter regeneration of red blood cells, increase of neutrophils, lower paraoxonase, gamma-glutamyl-transferase, and β-hydroxybutyrate, with no differences on other tested inflammatory markers. Results show that OMN helps modulating some of the metabolic and immunological responses to SARA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Cavallini
- DIMEVET—Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ludovica M. E. Mammi
- DIMEVET—Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Palmonari
- DIMEVET—Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Formigoni
- DIMEVET—Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
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Batista L, Cidrini I, Prados L, Cruz A, Torrecilhas J, Siqueira G, Resende F. A meta-analysis of yeast products for beef cattle under stress conditions: Performance, health and physiological parameters. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Application of N-carbamylglutamate in Rex rabbits to reduce body fat deposition and its possible mechanism. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:34-42. [PMID: 32122412 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520000860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
N-Carbamylglutamate (NCG) has been shown to enhance arginine synthesis and improve growth performance in animals. However, the effect of NCG on body fat deposition remains unknown. This study examined the effects of NCG on body fat deposition and evaluated the potential mechanisms involved. Rex rabbits (3 months old) were assigned to one of four dietary groups and supplemented with NCG at the following different concentrations in a feeding trial that lasted 67 d: 0 (control), 0·04, 0·08, and 0·12 %. NCG supplementation increased serum concentrations of arginine and proline by activating intestinal carbamoylphosphate synthase-І at the posttranscriptional level. Final body weights and growth performance were not affected by dietary NCG levels. However, NCG-treated rabbits had lower perirenal and subcutaneous fat percentages, serum TAG content, and hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity and increased NO synthase activity and serum levels of NO, growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). There were significant positive correlations between TAG content and perirenal fat percentage, as well as FAS activity and perirenal fat percentage, but significant negative correlations between TAG and NO levels, and FAS activity and IGF-1 level in rabbits after NCG treatment. NCG supplementation did not affect hepatic health indicators, except for serum ammonia concentrations, which were decreased in NCG-treated rabbits. Our results suggest that NCG can serve as a dietary supplement to reduce unfavourable fat deposition through inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis in animals since it appears to have no negative effects on growth performance or hepatic health.
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Armstrong SA, McLean DJ, Bionaz M, Bobe G. A natural bioactive feed additive alters expression of genes involved in inflammation in whole blood of healthy Angus heifers. Innate Immun 2019; 26:285-293. [PMID: 31744342 PMCID: PMC7251791 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919887232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A greater demand for food animal production without antibiotics has created the
common practice of feeding food animals dietary immunomodulatory feed additives
(IFA) throughout their life cycle. However, little is known about the impact of
IFA on cytokine and chemokine signaling in non-stressed, non-pathogen-challenged
food animals during the early feeding period. We evaluated the expression of 82
genes related to cytokine and chemokine signaling in the whole blood of growing
Angus heifers to determine the effect of IFA supplementation on cytokine and
chemokine signaling during the first 28 d of feeding. One gene
(CCL1) was significantly up-regulated and 14 genes (17%)
were significantly down-regulated by IFA feeding during the entire early feeding
period including 5 of 21 (24%) evaluated chemokine and IL receptors
(CCR1, CCR2, IL1R1,
IL10RA, IL10RB). These data when taken
together suggest providing an IFA in the diet of growing beef cattle during the
early feeding period may suppress the inflammatory response through
cytokine–cytokine receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby A Armstrong
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Teaneck, NJ, USA.,Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Massimo Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Hurley DJ, Barber CE, Adkins M, Rowson AD, Norton NA, Nickerson SC, Ely LO, Kautz FM, McLean DJ, Chapman JD. An immunomodulatory feed additive enhances in vitro viral vaccine recall antigen responses in dairy heifers. Res Vet Sci 2019; 127:11-17. [PMID: 31670050 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing immunological responses to vaccination is an important goal in many herd health management systems. OmniGen-AF®(OG) is an immunomodulatory feed additive that has been shown to enhance innate immune function in ruminants and its effects on adaptive immunity require additional study. The objective of this study was to evaluate post-vaccine antibody titers and circulating cellular memory development in heifers fed OG and administered a commercially available modified-live bovine respiratory disease (BRD) vaccine. Twenty-four Holstein heifers were assigned to one of two diets for 170 days: Control TMR (CON; n = 11), or TMR plus OG (TRT; 9 g/100 kg BW/day; n = 13). Samples for hematology, serology, and cellular assays were collected on D-110, 0, 21, 42, and 60 of the trial. Heifers were administered two priming doses of a modified-live BRD vaccine, with a third dose given on D0. There were no significant differences in total WBC and absolute number or the percentage of circulating lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, RBC, or platelets on D-110 through D21. On D42 and D60, CON had significantly higher numbers of lymphocytes. On D0, mean serum neutralizing (SN) titer to BHV-1 was significantly higher for CON compared to TRT. SN titers were not significantly different between CON and TRT at any other time point for BHV-1, BVDV type 1, or BVDV type 2. TRT mounted a significantly stronger recall proliferative response to 0.5 multiplicity of infection (MOI) of BHV-1, BVDV type 1 and BVDV type 2 on D42 and D60; 0.25 MOI of BVDV type 1 on D21 and D42; and 0.25 MOI BVDV type 2 on D42 compared to CON. IL-4 production induced by 0.5 and 1.0 MOI BHV-1 (D42 and D60); 0.25 MOI of BVDV type 1 (D21); and 0.25 and 0.5 MOI of BVDV type 2 (D60) were significantly higher for TRT than CON. IL-17 production induced by 0.25 MOI of BVDV type 1 was significantly higher on D60 for TRT compared to CON. IFN-gamma and IL-10 were not significantly different between treatments. These data indicate feeding OG has a beneficial effect on responses to vaccine antigens in Holstein dairy heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Hurley
- Food Animal Health and Management Program, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
| | - C E Barber
- Food Animal Health and Management Program, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - M Adkins
- Food Animal Health and Management Program, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - A D Rowson
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Teaneck, NJ 07666, United States
| | - N A Norton
- Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - S C Nickerson
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - L O Ely
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - F M Kautz
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - D J McLean
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Teaneck, NJ 07666, United States
| | - J D Chapman
- Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Teaneck, NJ 07666, United States
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Gandra JR, Takiya CS, Valle TAD, Orbach ND, Ferraz IR, Oliveira ER, Goes RH, Gandra ER, Pereira TL, Batista JD, Araki HM, Damiani J, Escobar AZ. Influence of a feed additive containing vitamin B12 and yeast extract on milk production and body temperature of grazing dairy cows under high temperature-humidity index environment. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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