1
|
Geraseev LC, Duarte ER, Vieira EA, Ibarra NG, Chaves AS, Santos SS, Azevedo AM, Passetti RAC. Does macauba cake alter nutrient digestibility and microorganism population in the rumen of sheep? Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:234. [PMID: 37294369 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03645-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Twenty Santa Inês male sheep were used in a randomized block design to evaluate the effects of different levels of macauba cake (MC) on nutrient digestibility and the population of microorganism in the rumen. The animals were divided into four groups according to MC levels (0, 10, 20, and 30% of DM) and initial body weight ranging from 32.75 to 52.17 kg. Diets were isonitrogenous and formulated to attend metabolizable energy requirements, and feed intake was regulated with 10% allowance for leftovers. Each experimental period lasted 20 days, with the final 5 days reserved for sample collection. Macauba cake inclusion did not affect the dry matter, organic matter, or crude protein intake but increased the ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber intake, mainly because of changes in the concentrations of these components in diets with a higher level of MC. With MC inclusion, a linear decreasing effect was observed for the dry matter and organic matter digestibility, and a quadratic effect with a maximum point of 21.5% was observed for the acid detergent fiber digestibility. A relative reduction of 73% in anaerobic fungal populations was observed with the lowest level of MC inclusion, and a relative increase of 162% in methanogenic populations was observed with the highest level of MC inclusion. The increasing level of macauba cake up to 30% of the diet of lambs reduced the dry matter digestibility and reduced anaerobic fungi but increased methanogenic population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Castro Geraseev
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Robson Duarte
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edvaldo Alves Vieira
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Niurca González Ibarra
- Institute of Animal Sciences - Ministry of Higher Education, San José de Las Lajas, Cuba
| | | | - Sarah Silva Santos
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alcinei Mistico Azevedo
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hossein Abadi M, Ghoorchi T, Amirteymouri E, Poorghasemi M. The effect of different processing methods of linseed on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters and ruminate behaviour of lambs. Vet Med Sci 2023. [PMID: 37098253 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oilseeds such as linseed, canola and sunflower contain unsaturated fatty acids that play important functions in the body. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different levels of processing linseed on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters and ruminate behaviour of lambs. METHODS Fifty-six Moghani male lambs (3 months of age, initial average body weight = 28 ± 1.2 kg) were allocated to seven experimental diets in randomized design (eight lambs per each treatment). The experimental diets were as follows: (1) control diet (without linseed), (2) 5% raw linseed, (3) 10% raw linseed, (4) 5% micronized linseed, (5) 10% micronized linseed, (6) 5% extruded linseed and (7) 10% extruded linseed. Lambs were fed ad libitum a basal diet as total mixed ration consisting of 25% concentrate and 75% hay. RESULTS The results showed that linseed level and processing method had no significant effect on dry matter intake. Average daily gain, final body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in lambs were affected by experimental diets. The use of 10% micronized linseed and 10% of extruded linseed in the lambs' diet improved dry matter and crude protein digestibility significantly (p < 0.001). Blood glucose concentration observed for lambs fed 10% of micronized or extruded linseed (LS) was not different from that observed in other groups, only from the values shown by lambs fed diets 1 (control) and 2 (5% raw LS). The lowest cholesterol and the highest blood urea nitrogen concentrations were related to lambs fed the control diet (p < 0.001). Feeding processed linseed relative to control diet had no effect on feeding behaviour in lambs. CONCLUSION Results of this research showed that the use of extruded and micronized linseed at the level of 10% can improve FCR, nutrient digestibility, and blood parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Hossein Abadi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Taghi Ghoorchi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Elham Amirteymouri
- Department of Animal Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Poorghasemi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gao Q, Liu H, Wang Z, Lan X, An J, Shen W, Wan F. Recent advances in feed and nutrition of beef cattle in China - A review. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:529-539. [PMID: 36108687 PMCID: PMC9996267 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The beef cattle industry in China has advanced remarkably since its reform and opening up; consequently, China has become the world's third-largest beef cattle producer. China is also one of the countries with the most substantial research input and output in the field of beef cattle feed and nutrition. The progress and innovation by China in the research field of beef cattle feed and nutrition have undoubtedly promoted the development of the domestic beef cattle industry. This review summarizes recent advances in feed resource development, nutrient requirements, and nutritional regulation of beef cattle in China. Limitations in current research and perspectives on future work are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xinyi Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jishan An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fachun Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Effect of folic acid supplementation on lactation performance of Holstein dairy cows: A meta-analysis. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
5
|
Abstract
Methane (CH4) is a greenhouse gas (GHG) produced and released by eructation to the atmosphere in large volumes by ruminants. Enteric CH4 contributes significantly to global GHG emissions arising from animal agriculture. It has been contended that tropical grasses produce higher emissions of enteric CH4 than temperate grasses, when they are fed to ruminants. A number of experiments have been performed in respiration chambers and head-boxes to assess the enteric CH4 mitigation potential of foliage and pods of tropical plants, as well as nitrates (NO3-) and vegetable oils in practical rations for cattle. On the basis of individual determinations of enteric CH4 carried out in respiration chambers, the average CH4 yield for cattle fed low-quality tropical grasses (>70% ration DM) was 17.0 g CH4/kg DM intake. Results showed that when foliage and ground pods of tropical trees and shrubs were incorporated in cattle rations, methane yield (g CH4/kg DM intake) was decreased by 10% to 25%, depending on plant species and level of intake of the ration. Incorporation of nitrates and vegetable oils in the ration decreased enteric CH4 yield by ∼6% to ∼20%, respectively. Condensed tannins, saponins and starch contained in foliages, pods and seeds of tropical trees and shrubs, as well as nitrates and vegetable oils, can be fed to cattle to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions under smallholder conditions. Strategies for enteric CH4 mitigation in cattle grazing low-quality tropical forages can effectively increase productivity while decreasing enteric CH4 emissions in absolute terms and per unit of product (e.g. meat, milk), thus reducing the contribution of ruminants to GHG emissions and therefore to climate change.
Collapse
|
6
|
Shang X, Wang C, Zhang G, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo W, Zhang J, Pei C. Effects of soybean oil and dietary copper levels on nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, enzyme activity, microflora and microbial protein synthesis in dairy bulls. Arch Anim Nutr 2019; 74:257-270. [PMID: 31718315 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2019.1679562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluated the effects of soybean oil (SO) and dietary copper levels on nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, enzyme activity, microflora and microbial protein synthesis in dairy bulls. Eight Holstein rumen-cannulated bulls (14 ± 0.2 months of age and 326 ± 8.9 kg of body weight) were allocated into a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with factors being 0 or 40 g/kg dietary dry matter (DM) of SO and 0 or 7.68 mg/kg DM of Cu from copper sulphate (CS). The basal diet contained per kg DM 500 g of corn silage, 500 g of concentrate, 28 g of ether extract (EE) and 7.5 mg of Cu. The SO × CS interaction was significant (p < 0.05) for ruminal propionate proportion and acetate to propionate ratio. Dietary SO addition increased (p < 0.05) intake and total tract digestibility of EE but did not affect average daily gain (ADG) of bulls. Dietary CS addition did not affect nutrient intake but increased (p < 0.05) ADG and total tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre. Ruminal pH was not affected by treatments. Dietary SO addition did not affect ruminal total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, decreased (p < 0.05) acetate proportion and ammonia N and increased (p < 0.05) propionate proportion. Dietary CS addition did not affect ammonia N, increased (p < 0.05) total VFA concentration and acetate proportion and decreased (p < 0.05) propionate proportion. Acetate to propionate ratio decreased (p < 0.05) with SO addition and increased (p < 0.05) with CS addition. Dietary SO addition decreased (p < 0.05) activity of carboxymethyl cellulase, cellobiase and xylanase as well as population of fungi, protozoa, methanogens, Ruminococcus albus and R. flavefaciens but increased (p < 0.05) α-amylase activity and population of Prevotella ruminicola and Ruminobacter amylophilus. Dietary CS addition increased (p < 0.05) activity of cellulolytic enzyme and protease as well as population of total bacteria, fungi, protozoa, methanogens, primary cellulolytic and proteolytic bacteria. Microbial protein synthesis was unchanged with SO addition but increased (p < 0.05) with CS addition. The results indicated that the addition of CS promoted nutrient digestion and ruminal fermentation by stimulating microbial growth and enzyme activity but did not relieve the negative effects of SO addition on ruminal fermentation in dairy bulls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinkun Shang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu, Shanxi, P R China
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu, Shanxi, P R China
| | - Guangwen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu, Shanxi, P R China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu, Shanxi, P R China
| | - Gang Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu, Shanxi, P R China
| | - Wenjie Huo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu, Shanxi, P R China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu, Shanxi, P R China
| | - Caixia Pei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu, Shanxi, P R China
| |
Collapse
|