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Maniaci G, Ponte M, Giosuè C, Gannuscio R, Pipi M, Gaglio R, Busetta G, Di Grigoli A, Bonanno A, Alabiso M. Cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) as a source of bioactive compounds in dairy products. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1887-1902. [PMID: 37944810 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the interest in improving livestock product nutraceutical profiles through sustainable feeding systems has increased. In this context, the overall quality and nutraceutical profiles were examined in dairy products obtained from 16 lactating Cinisara cows given an integrated feed in dry season with Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes. Two homogeneous groups of cows (milk yield: 6.3 ± 1.5 kg; body weight: 213 ± 55 kg) were fed with 2 different diets (CON: pasture and wheat bran; OFI: pasture, wheat bran, and cladodes), according to a 2 × 2 Latin square design. The bulk milk produced during the study was used to make Caciotta cheese and was analyzed at 0, 15, and 30 storage days. Milk and cheese samples were analyzed for chemical, physical, and microbiological traits. The nutraceutical and sensorial profiles, as well as the antioxidant capacity, were also determined in the final products. For milk, the urea content in individual samples was reduced in OFI but not in CON. In the cheese, integration of cladodes did not influence the starter cultures development with 2 strains of Streptococcus thermophilus, but it caused a higher content of polyphenols and a consequent greater antioxidant capacity and a change in the fatty acids profile. In particular, the caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, and palmitic fatty acids were higher, as were the petroselinic, vaccenic, rumenic, and α-linolenic fatty acids. In contrast, the oleic and the γ-linolenic fatty acids were lower for OFI. The cheese from the OFI group showed better overall acceptability, and a higher yellow color, odor intensity, and butter flavor. The multivariate analysis well distinguished the cheeses belonging to the 2 groups. Further investigations should be conducted to formulate well-balanced diets that include cladodes for Cinisara lactating cows, but also to determine the content of other important bioactive compounds in fresh and treated cladodes, as well as their effects on animal welfare and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Maniaci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - M Ponte
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - C Giosuè
- Institute for Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in the Marine Environment, National Council of Research (IAS-CNR), 90149 Palermo, Italy.
| | - R Gannuscio
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - M Pipi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - R Gaglio
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - G Busetta
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - A Di Grigoli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - A Bonanno
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - M Alabiso
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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da Silva TGF, de Medeiros RS, Arraes FDD, Ramos CMC, Araújo Júnior GDN, Jardim AMDRF, Alves CP, Campos FS, da Silva MV, de Morais JEF, de Souza CAA, Siqueira E Silva SM, Dos Santos DC, de Carvalho AA, de Souza LSB. Cactus-sorghum intercropping combined with management interventions of planting density, row orientation and nitrogen fertilisation can optimise water use in dry regions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165102. [PMID: 37356760 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Some strategies can optimise the use of water in crops under deficit, either by increasing yield or by reducing actual crop evapotranspiration (ET), to promote the sustainable intensification of production systems. The objective was to evaluate how the spacing, planting orientation, nitrogen fertilisation and intercropping strategies impact the dynamics of water in the soil, ET partitioning, and water use indicators for forage cactus and cactus-sorghum intercropping. Four experiments were conducted between 2018 and 2020 in the Brazilian semi-arid region. In the first two sites (I and II), the cladodes of the intercropped forage cactus and sorghum were spaced at 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50 m with rows-oriented east-west and north-south. In site III, the intercropped rows were spaced at 1.00, 1.25, 1.50 and 1.75 m. Site IV, which contained the forage cactus crop exclusively, was treated with four nitrogen levels (50, 150, 300 and 450 kg N ha-1). The management interventions improved water use more by increasing dry matter than by reducing ET in the cropping system. Intercropping promoted the greatest increase in water productivity (130 %). Increasing N doses in the forage cactus-only crop reduced ET by up to 39 % but increased deep drainage losses by up to 365 %. The most promising management practices for optimising water resources were as follows: spacing of 0.10 m between cactus plants in the intercropping trial under east-west row orientation, as it promoted greater water use efficiency (76 %); spacing of 0.30 m in the north-south orientation; and row spacing of 1.50 m, as it improved water productivity (6.89 kg m-3). Thus, interventions in management should be adopted to optimise water use in intercropping systems with forage cactus, aiming at sustainable intensification in dry environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thieres George Freire da Silva
- Academic Unit of Serra Talhada, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil; Campus Salgueiro, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sertão Pernambucano, Salgueiro, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Rômulo Sátiro de Medeiros
- Campus Salgueiro, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sertão Pernambucano, Salgueiro, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Francisco Dirceu Duarte Arraes
- Campus Salgueiro, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sertão Pernambucano, Salgueiro, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Clóvis Manoel Carvalho Ramos
- Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Collegiate, University Federal of the Vale do São Francisco, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cleber Pereira Alves
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Fleming Sena Campos
- Chapadinha Science Center, Federal University of Maranhão, Chapadinha, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinícius da Silva
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Albuquerque Junior PS, Silva CAD, Ramos RS, Zanuncio JC, Castellani MA. Diaspis echinocacti (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on cactus pear cladodes: biological aspects at different temperatures. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e274016. [PMID: 37610947 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.274016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The scale mealybug, Diaspis echinocacti (Bouché, 1833) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), is one of the main pests of the cactus pear in Brazil. The objective was to study biological aspects of D. echinocacti at the constant temperatures of 25, 28, 30, 33 and 35 °C with relative humidity of 60 ± 10% and photoperiod of 12 hours in the laboratory on the cactus pear cultivar, "Orelha de Elefante Mexicana", Opuntia stricta [Haw.] Haw. The development period (22 to 35 days) and survival in the egg (92 to 100%) and nymph (21.8 to 100%) stages and of the egg-adult cycle (20 to 100%), longevity (34.1 to 59.6 days) and fecundity (33 to 112 eggs) of D. echinocacti females with the different temperature and absence of males at the highest temperatures (> 30°C), indicated that the range between 25 °C and 30°C is the most favorable for this scale mealybug. This information may help to improve integrated management programs for D. echinocacti, in areas subject to seasonal temperature changes in the Brazilian regions where cactus pear is cultivated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C A D Silva
- Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
- Embrapa Algodão, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - R S Ramos
- Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - J C Zanuncio
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Entomologia - BIOAGRO, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - M A Castellani
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Departamento de Fitotecnia e Zootecnia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brasil
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Tropical grass silages with spineless cactus in diets of Holstein × Zebu heifers in the semiarid region of Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:89. [PMID: 36805351 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
One of the factors that limit ruminant production in the semiarid region is the lack of roughage in the dry season. The management of forage plants adapted to edaphoclimatic conditions is a strategy to improve animal production. This study was conducted to examine the effects of biomass sorghum silage (BSS; Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and BRS capiaçu grass silage (CGS; Pennisetum purpureum Schum) with or without spineless cactus (Opuntia spp.) in crossbred Holstein × Zebu heifers' diets on the intake, apparent digestibility of the nutrients and animal performance (e.g., final weight, daily weight gain) (experiment 1). Also, to evaluate the ruminal kinetics of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of roughages used in diets using two animals cannulated in the rumen (experiment 2). In experiment 1, ten heifers with an initial body weight of 200 ± 2.74 kg (mean ± standard deviation) and a mean age of 10 months were used. The animals were distributed in an experimental design in two simultaneous 5 × 5 Latin squares. Five experimental diets were used: diet 1, Volumax sorghum silage (VSS); diet 2, biomass sorghum silage (BSS); diet 3, BRS capiaçu silage (CGS); diet 4, biomass sorghum silage (60%) with spineless cactus (40%) (BSS + SC); and diet 5, BRS capiaçu grass silage (60%) with spineless cactus (40%) (CGS + SC). The diets were formulated with sorghum silage or BRS capiaçu grass silage with or without spineless cactus (roughage) and a maize- and soybean-based concentrate (75:25 roughage-to-concentrate ratio) on DM basis. The experiment lasted 105 days, divided into five periods of 21 days (17 days for the adaptation of the animals to the diets and management and 4 for data collection and samples). The diets containing CGS and CGS + SC resulted in lower dry matter intake (DMI; 5.61 kg day-1; P < 0.01), which was 19.4% lower than the diets with VSS, BSS, and BSS + SC (7.00 kg day-1). The BSS + SC and CGS + SC diets showed higher crude protein digestibility (P < 0.01) at 21.9% than the other treatments (Volumax, BSS, CGS). The different diets did not change the final weight or the daily weight gain of the heifers. The BRS 716 biomass sorghum silage and BRS capiaçu grass combined with spineless cactus increased (P < 0.05) the intake of nonfibrous carbohydrates and did not interfere (P > 0.05) with the final weight or average daily gain of the crossbred Holstein × Zebu heifers. The standardized potentially degradable fraction (Bp) of the NDF was 13.91% higher (P < 0.01) for BSS and BSS + SC (61.6%) compared to the others (53.0%). A diet based on BSS + SC is recommended for feeding crossbred heifers in the growing phase.
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Bezerra SBL, Véras RML, Batista ÂMV, Guim A, Maciel MDOV, Cardoso DB, Lima Júnior DMDE, Carvalho FFRDE. Effect of spineless cactus [Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm Dyck] on nutrient intake, ingestive behaviour, and performance of lambs. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20201412. [PMID: 36921146 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320201412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of spineless cactus (SC) [Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm Dyck] on nutrient intake, ingestive behaviour, and performance of lambs in a feedlot. Thirty-two male (non-castrated) Santa Inês lambs with a mean initial body weight (BW) of 20.4 ± 2.60 kg were distributed across four levels of spineless cactus: zero, 24, 52, and 75% of total diet dry matter (DM). Over 56 days, the animals had their intake and performance monitored. The inclusion of SC influenced (p<0.05) in a quadratic way the dry matter intake and total digestible nutrients, but linearly decreased (p<0.05) the neutral detergent fiber intake. Drinking water intake decreased linearly (p<0.05) with the inclusion of SC in the diet. The inclusion of SC influenced (p<0.05) in a quadratic way the digestibility of organic matter in the diet. The increase in the level of SC in the diet increased linearly (p<0.05) the feeding and rumination efficiencies of the lambs. The maximum daily gain of 0.237 kg/day was achieved with 44% SC in the diet. It is recommended to include up to 40% of spineless cactus in the diet of lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharleny B L Bezerra
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Róbson M L Véras
- Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco, Rua Bom Pastor, s/n, Boa Vista, 55292-270 Garanhuns, PE, Brazil
| | - Ângela M V Batista
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Adriana Guim
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Michel DO V Maciel
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Estrada Parintins-Macurany, Campus Parintins, 1805, Jacareacanga, 69152-470 Parintins, AM, Brazil
| | - Daniel B Cardoso
- Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco, Rua Bom Pastor, s/n, Boa Vista, 55292-270 Garanhuns, PE, Brazil
| | - Dorgival M DE Lima Júnior
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Rua Francisco Mota Bairro, 572, Pres. Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Francisco F R DE Carvalho
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Netto A, Gama M, Guido S, Bessa R, Inácio J, Monteiro C, Melo G, Ribeiro E, Ferreira M. Replacing Corn With Full-fat Corn Germ in a Basal Diet Containing Cactus (Opuntia strica) Cladodes and Sugarcane as Forage Sources Induces Milk Fat Depression Associated With the trans-10 Shift in Dairy Cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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7
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Productive responses of dairy goats fed on diets containing elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) associated or not with cactus (Opuntia stricta) cladodes, and extra-fat whole corn germ as a substitute for corn. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rocha Filho RR, Santos DC, Véras ASC, Siqueira MCB, Monteiro CCF, Mora-Luna RE, Farias LR, Santos VLF, Chagas JC, Ferreira MA. Miúda ( Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck)-The Best Forage Cactus Genotype for Feeding Lactating Dairy Cows in Semiarid Regions. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061774. [PMID: 34198558 PMCID: PMC8231938 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The usage of forage cactus is essential for the maintenance of livestock activity in semiarid regions as an alternative to conventional crops. Cactaceae have adaptive characteristics that ensure their development progress under drought conditions. Four genotypes of forage cactus (Gigante, Miúda, IPA Sertânia, and Orelha de Elefante Mexicana) were fed to lactating dairy cows and the diets were then evaluated based on animal performance, milk fatty acid profile, and microbial protein synthesis. Miúda forage cactus led to a higher nutrient intake and milk yield, as well as greater microbial protein synthesis. Higher saturated fatty acids were observed when the Gigante and IPA Sertânia forage cactus genotypes were fed to dairy cows. Orelha de Elefante Mexicana forage cactus caused lower milk yield along with protein yields and content; however, it improved the milk fatty acid profile by promoting a higher ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids and desirable fatty acids. It is concluded that the Miúda forage cactus is the genotype most suitable for the diets of lactating dairy cows. Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects on nutrient intake and digestibility, milk yield (MY) and composition, milk fatty acids profile, and microbial protein synthesis caused by feeding lactating dairy cows four different forage cactus genotypes. Eight Girolando cows (5/8 Holstein × 3/8 Gyr), weighing 490 ± 69.0 kg (means ± standard deviation), and producing 15.5 ± 1.0 kg/d of milk during pretrial were distributed to two contemporaneous 4 × 4 Latin squares. The cows were fed a total mixed ration composed of sorghum silage (385 g/kg of dry matter (DM)), concentrated mix (175 g/kg DM), and forage cactus (440 g/kg DM). The experimental treatments consisted of different cactus genotypes, such as Gigante cactus (GC), Miúda cactus (MC), IPA Sertânia cactus (SC), and Orelha de Elefante Mexicana cactus (OEMC). The feeding of MC provided a higher intake of DM, organic matter (OM), and total digestible nutrients, as well as higher MY, energy-corrected milk, and microbial protein synthesis in comparison with those resulting from the other genotypes tested. The GC promoted lower DM and OM, and the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber. The cows fed with OEMC showed lower MY and milk protein yield and content, and higher unsaturated over saturated fatty acid ratio in milk. Miúda forage cactus increased nutrient intake, digestibility of DM and OM, and microbial synthesis without impairing the milk fatty acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubem R. Rocha Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171900, PE, Brazil; (R.R.R.F.); (A.S.C.V.); (M.C.B.S.); (L.R.F.); (M.A.F.)
- Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Alagoas, Satuba 57120000, AL, Brazil
| | - Djalma C. Santos
- Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco, Experimental Station of Arcoverde, Arcoverde 56500000, PE, Brazil;
| | - Antonia S. C. Véras
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171900, PE, Brazil; (R.R.R.F.); (A.S.C.V.); (M.C.B.S.); (L.R.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Michelle C. B. Siqueira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171900, PE, Brazil; (R.R.R.F.); (A.S.C.V.); (M.C.B.S.); (L.R.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | | | - Robert E. Mora-Luna
- Táchira National Experimental University, San Cristóbal 5001, Táchira, Venezuela;
| | - Lucas R. Farias
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171900, PE, Brazil; (R.R.R.F.); (A.S.C.V.); (M.C.B.S.); (L.R.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Viviany L. F. Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus 64900000, PI, Brazil;
| | - Juana C. Chagas
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183 Umeå, Sweden
- Correspondence:
| | - Marcelo A. Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171900, PE, Brazil; (R.R.R.F.); (A.S.C.V.); (M.C.B.S.); (L.R.F.); (M.A.F.)
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Siqueira M, Chagas J, Monnerat JP, Monteiro C, Mora-Luna R, Dubeux J, DiLorenzo N, Ruiz-Moreno M, Ferreira M. Nutritive Value, In Vitro Fermentation, and Methane Production of Cactus Cladodes, Sugarcane Bagasse, and Urea. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051266. [PMID: 33924747 PMCID: PMC8145917 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cyclical droughts affecting arid and semiarid regions promote direct negative impacts on agriculture, with deficits of water availability for the maintenance of crops destined for human supply and animal production, with direct and indirect socioeconomic effects. Although livestock rearing is one of the few viable economic activities for these regions, forage production in terms of quantity and quality is a critical obstacle to support the herd over the year. Research was developed to find a forage adapted to these climates. Cactus cladodes have been used as a traditional ingredient in ruminant diets in dry areas as a solution to forage scarcity. Many traditionally used sources of forage, fresh or conserved, can be added to diets with cactus. However, the limiting factor to their inclusion would be market availability and price. This study showed that cactus cladodes associated with sugarcane bagasse (a high available crop residue) present the same nutritive value of conserved crops as silages and hay. Cactus (Opuntia and Nopalea) are essential for ruminant production systems in arid and semiarid regions due to the limitation of forage production caused by the low precipitation. Abstract This study evaluated the effect of different roughages fed to sheep on nutrient and water intake, ingestive behavior, nitrogen balance, microbial protein synthesis, fermentation parameters, and methane production using an in vitro gas production system. The treatments consisted of five diets: cactus cladodes Nopalea (NUB) and Opuntia (OUB), both with the addition of sugarcane bagasse (SB) and urea/ammonium sulfate (urea/as); Tifton hay (TH); corn silage (CS); and sorghum silage (SS), also with added urea/as. The NUB provided greater (p ≤ 0.03) intakes of dry matter (1024 g/d), digestible organic matter (670 g/d), and crude protein (161 g/d) than those on the SS. The NUB provided greater (p < 0.01) dietary water intake (3023 g/d) than TH. The time spent on rumination was shorter (p < 0.01), and the idle time was longer in animals fed NUB and OUB than TH and CS. Microbial protein synthesis was not affected (p = 0.27). The final pH (6.4) of the incubation fluid and the concentration of NH3-N (39.05 mg/dL) were greater for NUB and OUB. Ruminal parameters and methane production were little or not affected by tested forages. We recommend using cactus cladodes in combination with sugarcane bagasse and urea/as in sheep diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Siqueira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil; (M.S.); (J.P.M.); (R.M.-L.); (M.F.)
| | - Juana Chagas
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 901 83 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - João Paulo Monnerat
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil; (M.S.); (J.P.M.); (R.M.-L.); (M.F.)
| | - Carolina Monteiro
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil; (M.S.); (J.P.M.); (R.M.-L.); (M.F.)
- Animal Science Department, State University of Alagoas, BR 316, km 87,5, Bebedouro, Santana do Ipanema 57500-000, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Robert Mora-Luna
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil; (M.S.); (J.P.M.); (R.M.-L.); (M.F.)
- National Experimental University of Táchira, Sector 5001, San Cristóbal, Venezuela
| | - José Dubeux
- Department of Animal Science, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3925 Hwy 71, Marianna, FL 32446-8091, USA; (J.D.J.); (N.D.); (M.R.-M.)
| | - Nicolas DiLorenzo
- Department of Animal Science, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3925 Hwy 71, Marianna, FL 32446-8091, USA; (J.D.J.); (N.D.); (M.R.-M.)
| | - Martin Ruiz-Moreno
- Department of Animal Science, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3925 Hwy 71, Marianna, FL 32446-8091, USA; (J.D.J.); (N.D.); (M.R.-M.)
| | - Marcelo Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil; (M.S.); (J.P.M.); (R.M.-L.); (M.F.)
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Góes Neto PED, Silva JGMD, Aguiar EMD, Melo AASD, Lima GFDC, Cardoso DB, Silva HPD. Native and introduced forage cacti in Saanen dairy goat diets. ACTA SCIENTIARUM: ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.51029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the nutrient intake and milk production of dairy goats fed with total mixed rations with different species of forage cacti. Five pluriparous Saanen goats (50 ± 4 kg) at nine weeks of lactation were allocated in a Latin square (5 x 5) with five diets and five periods. Each period was composed of 10 days for adaptation and seven days for collection. The treatments were composed of 473.0 to 501.0 g kg-1 of forage cacti: xiquexique (Pilosocereus gounellei), mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru), facheiro (Pilosocereus chrysostele), cactus cladodes cv. miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck) and cactus cladodes cv. orelha de elefante mexicana (Opuntia stricta); plus sabiá hay (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) (188.0 to 198.0 g kg-1) and concentrate (311.0 to 329.0 g kg-1). The intake of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, and water intake through diet components were unaffected by experimental diets. For milk production and feed efficiency, no difference was observed among the diets. All diets containing different species of forage cacti can be used for dairy goats feed.
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Can urea associated with alternative carbohydrate sources replace conventional concentrate for lambs? Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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de Albuquerque Saraiva T, de Figueiredo Monteiro CC, Feitosa EMS, de Oliveira Moraes GS, Netto AJ, Cardoso DB, Magalhães ALR, de Melo AAS. Effect of association of fresh cassava root with corn silage in replacement for cactus cladodes on dairy cow performance. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:927-933. [PMID: 31628590 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the replacement effect of cactus cladodes with cassava root and corn silage (CRCS) (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%, dry matter basis) in diets of lactating dairy cows on nutrients intake and digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, nitrogen balance, and milk yield. Ten Holstein cows with an average milk yield of 16 kg/day, an initial body weight (BW) of 670 ± 35 kg, and an average of 17 weeks in milking were assigned to an experiment using a double 5 × 5 Latin square design. The ratio of forage/concentrate was 82:18, and the ingredients used were cactus cladodes, cassava root, corn silage, soybean meal, wheat meal, urea, and mineral premix. The intake of dry matter, organic matter, and total digestible nutrients were not influenced by the replacement levels. On the other hand, the intake of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber increased while the intake of non-fiber carbohydrates decreased with addition of CRCS. The digestibility of the nutrients was not changed as the milk yield as fat-corrected milk production and milk content of fat, protein, lactose, and total solids. The microbial protein synthesis, microbial protein efficiency, nitrogen balance, and efficiency of N in milk were not changed. Therefore, we recommend the complete replacement of cactus cladodes by cassava root and corn silage in the diets of lactating cows with an average milk yield of 16 kg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibério de Albuquerque Saraiva
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Bom Pastor Avenue, s/n, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, PE, 55292-270, Brazil
| | | | - Erickson Marcos Santos Feitosa
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Bom Pastor Avenue, s/n, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, PE, 55292-270, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Sabrine de Oliveira Moraes
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio Joelson Netto
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Barros Cardoso
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Bom Pastor Avenue, s/n, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, PE, 55292-270, Brazil.
| | - André Luiz Rodrigues Magalhães
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Bom Pastor Avenue, s/n, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, PE, 55292-270, Brazil
| | - Airon Aparecido Silva de Melo
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Bom Pastor Avenue, s/n, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, PE, 55292-270, Brazil
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Lopes LA, Ferreira MDA, Batista ÂMV, Maciel MDV, de Andrade RB, Munhame JA, Silva TGPD, Cardoso DB, Véras ASC, Carvalho FFRD. Intake, digestibility, and performance of lambs fed spineless cactus cv. Orelha de Elefante Mexicana. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:1284-1291. [PMID: 31480148 PMCID: PMC7322643 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of the carmine cochineal-resistant spineless cactus genotypes cv. Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (Opuntia) and Miúda (Nopalea) on the intake and digestibility of nutrients, ingestive behavior, performance, and ultrasound measurements of growing lambs. Methods Thirty-six male (non-castrated) Santa Inês lambs were used, with an average age of 6 months and an initial average weight of 22.0±2.9 kg. They were distributed in a completely randomized design with 3 treatments (Tifton hay, Nopalea and Opuntia) and 12 replications, using initial weight as a covariate. The experimental period was 86 days, with the first 30 days used for the adaptation of the animals to the facilities, diets and management, and the remaining 56 days used for evaluation and data collection. Results The intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total carbohydrates (TC), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) showed a significant difference (p<0.05) as a function of the diets, with the Nopalea treatment (p<0.05) increasing DM intake (g/kg and % body weight [BW]), CP, TDN, and TC digestibility, whereas the Tifton hay diet led to a high (p<0.001) neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap) g/d intake, NDFap (BW %) and digestibility of said nutrient. There was no effect of treatments (p>0.05) on feeding time, however, rumination time and total chewing time were higher (p<0.05) for animals fed Tifton hay. The performance of the animals was similar (p>0.05). For the ultrasound measurements, Nopalea promoted an increase in the final loin eye area, compared to Tifton hay. Conclusion The use of spineless cactus variety Miúda leads to the greater intake and digestibility of nutrients. The evaluated carmine cochineal-resistant spineless cactus genotypes are alternatives for semi-arid regions as they do not negatively affect the performance of growing lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Auto Lopes
- Animal Science Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros street, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Andrade Ferreira
- Animal Science Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros street, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Ângela Maria Vieira Batista
- Animal Science Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros street, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Michel do Vale Maciel
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Amazonas, Macurany street, 1805, Jacareacanga, Parintins, Amazonas, 69152-420, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Barbosa de Andrade
- Animal Science Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros street, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Joana Albino Munhame
- Animal Science Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros street, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Tomás Guilherme Pereira da Silva
- Animal Science Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros street, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Barros Cardoso
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Av. Bom Pastor, 560, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, Pernambuco, 55292-270, Brazil
| | - Antonia Sherlânea Chaves Véras
- Animal Science Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros street, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Francisco Fernando Ramos de Carvalho
- Animal Science Department, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros street, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil
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