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Silva FG, Silva SR, Pereira AMF, Cerqueira JL, Conceição C. A Comprehensive Review of Bovine Colostrum Components and Selected Aspects Regarding Their Impact on Neonatal Calf Physiology. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1130. [PMID: 38612369 PMCID: PMC11010951 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Colostrum contains macro- and micronutrients necessary to meet the nutritional and energy requirements of the neonatal calf, bioactive components that intervene in several physiological aspects, and cells and microorganisms that modulate the calf's immune system and gut microbiome. Colostrum is sometimes mistaken as transition milk, which, although more nutritive than whole milk, has a distinct biochemical composition. Furthermore, most research about colostrum quality and colostrum management focuses on the transfer of maternal IgG to the newborn calf. The remaining components of colostrum and transition milk have not received the same attention, despite their importance to the newborn animal. In this narrative review, a large body of literature on the components of bovine colostrum was reviewed. The variability of these components was summarized, emphasizing specific components that warrant deeper exploration. In addition, the effects of each component present in colostrum and transition milk on several key physiological aspects of the newborn calf are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio G. Silva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (J.L.C.)
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Department of Zootechnics, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.F.P.); (C.C.)
- Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Agrarian School of Ponte de Lima, Rua D. Mendo Afonso, 147 Refóios do Lima, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal
| | - Severiano R. Silva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (J.L.C.)
| | - Alfredo M. F. Pereira
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Department of Zootechnics, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.F.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Joaquim Lima Cerqueira
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (J.L.C.)
- Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Agrarian School of Ponte de Lima, Rua D. Mendo Afonso, 147 Refóios do Lima, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal
| | - Cristina Conceição
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Department of Zootechnics, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.F.P.); (C.C.)
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Kiernan DP, O’Doherty JV, Sweeney T. The Effect of Maternal Probiotic or Synbiotic Supplementation on Sow and Offspring Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Health, and Performance. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2996. [PMID: 37835602 PMCID: PMC10571980 DOI: 10.3390/ani13192996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens has prompted the reduction in antibiotic and antimicrobial use in commercial pig production. This has led to increased research efforts to identify alternative dietary interventions to support the health and development of the pig. The crucial role of the GIT microbiota in animal health and performance is becoming increasingly evident. Hence, promoting an improved GIT microbiota, particularly the pioneer microbiota in the young pig, is a fundamental focus. Recent research has indicated that the sow's GIT microbiota is a significant contributor to the development of the offspring's microbiota. Thus, dietary manipulation of the sow's microbiota with probiotics or synbiotics, before farrowing and during lactation, is a compelling area of exploration. This review aims to identify the potential health benefits of maternal probiotic or synbiotic supplementation to both the sow and her offspring and to explore their possible modes of action. Finally, the results of maternal sow probiotic and synbiotic supplementation studies are collated and summarized. Maternal probiotic or synbiotic supplementation offers an effective strategy to modulate the sow's microbiota and thereby enhance the formation of a health-promoting pioneer microbiota in the offspring. In addition, this strategy can potentially reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the sow and her offspring, enhance the immune potential of the milk, the immune system development in the offspring, and the sow's feed intake during lactation. Although many studies have used probiotics in the maternal sow diet, the most effective probiotic or probiotic blends remain unclear. To this extent, further direct comparative investigations using different probiotics are warranted to advance the current understanding in this area. Moreover, the number of investigations supplementing synbiotics in the maternal sow diet is limited and is an area where further exploration is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon P. Kiernan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 C1P1 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - John V. O’Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, D04 C1P1 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 C1P1 Dublin, Ireland;
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Ruvalcaba-Gómez JM, Villaseñor-González F, Espinosa-Martínez MA, Gómez-Godínez LJ, Rojas-Anaya E, Villagrán Z, Anaya-Esparza LM, Buendía-Rodríguez G, Arteaga-Garibay RI. Growth Performance and Fecal Microbiota of Dairy Calves Supplemented with Autochthonous Lactic Acid Bacteria as Probiotics in Mexican Western Family Dairy Farming. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2841. [PMID: 37760240 PMCID: PMC10525134 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic supplementation in dairy cattle has achieved several beneficial effects (improved growth rate, immune response, and adequate ruminal microbiota). This study assessed the effects on the growth parameters and gut microbiota of newborn dairy calves supplemented with two Lactobacillus-based probiotics, individually (6BZ or 6BY) or their combination (6BZ + 6BY), administrated with the same concentration (1 × 109 CFU/kg weight) at three times, between days 5 and 19 after birth. The control group consisted of probiotic-unsupplemented calves. Growth parameters were recorded weekly until eight weeks and at the calves' ages of three, four, and five months. Fecal microbiota was described by high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics. Although no significant effects were observed regarding daily weight and height gain among probiotic-supplemented and non-supplemented calves, correlation analysis showed that growth rate was maintained until month 5 through probiotic supplementation, mainly when the two-strain probiotics were supplied. Modulation effects on microbiota were observed in probiotic-supplemented calves, improving the Bacteroidota: Firmicutes and the Proteobacteria ratios. Functional prediction by PICRUSt also showed an increment in several pathways when the two-strain probiotic was supplemented. Therefore, using the three-administration scheme, the two-strain probiotic improved the growth rate and gut microbiota profile in newborn dairy calves. However, positive effects could be reached by applying more administrations of the probiotic during the first 20 days of a calf's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Martín Ruvalcaba-Gómez
- Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Boulevard de la Biodiversidad 400, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47600, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.J.G.-G.); (E.R.-A.)
| | - Fernando Villaseñor-González
- Campo Experimental Centro Altos de Jalisco, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Av. Biodiversidad 2470, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47600, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Mario Alfredo Espinosa-Martínez
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Fisiología y Mejoramiento Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Ajuchitlán Colón 76280, Querétaro, Mexico;
| | - Lorena Jacqueline Gómez-Godínez
- Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Boulevard de la Biodiversidad 400, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47600, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.J.G.-G.); (E.R.-A.)
| | - Edith Rojas-Anaya
- Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Boulevard de la Biodiversidad 400, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47600, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.J.G.-G.); (E.R.-A.)
| | - Zuamí Villagrán
- Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47600, Jalisco, Mexico; (Z.V.); (L.M.A.-E.)
| | - Luis Miguel Anaya-Esparza
- Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47600, Jalisco, Mexico; (Z.V.); (L.M.A.-E.)
| | - Germán Buendía-Rodríguez
- Sitio Experimental Hidalgo, Campo Experimental Valle de México, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo 104ª, Pachuca de Soto 42090, Hidalgo, Mexico;
| | - Ramón Ignacio Arteaga-Garibay
- Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Boulevard de la Biodiversidad 400, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47600, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.J.G.-G.); (E.R.-A.)
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Budny-Walczak A, Śpitalniak-Bajerska K, Szołtysik M, Pogoda-Sewerniak K, Kupczyński R. Effects of Iron Supplementation on Metabolism in Calves Receiving Whole Milk. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030477. [PMID: 36766366 PMCID: PMC9913521 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding a protein-iron complex (PIC) to calves. Specifically, the aim was to understand how it influences productive performance and indicators of iron metabolism, hematology and biochemical and parameters during feeding with whole milk before weaning. The study was carried out on 20 Polish Holstein Friesian calves. The calves were then divided into a control group (CON), fed with full milk (n = 10), and an experimental group (MFe), who received a PIC additive in milk at 16 g/day (n = 10). In order to determine the production parameters, the calves were weighed at the beginning (i.e., on the 7th day of life) and at the end of the experiment (42nd day of life) using an electronic platform scale. Production parameters such as average weight gain (AWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and growth rate (GR) were assessed. Blood was collected from an external jugular vein (vena jugularis externa) on the 7th, 14th, 28th, and 42nd days of life. The mean daily gains in body weight (ADG), growth rate (GR), and the feed conversion ratio were highest in the experimental group, MFe. Therefore, it can be concluded that the addition of a protein-iron complex entailed a significant impact on the iron metabolism indicators in the MFe experimental group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Budny-Walczak
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38c Chełmońskiego St., 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.B.-W.); (R.K.)
| | - Kinga Śpitalniak-Bajerska
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38c Chełmońskiego St., 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Szołtysik
- Department of Functional Food Product Development, The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 25 Norwida St., 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pogoda-Sewerniak
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38c Chełmońskiego St., 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Robert Kupczyński
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 38c Chełmońskiego St., 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.B.-W.); (R.K.)
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Dinardo F, Maggiolino A, Martinello T, Liuzzi G, Elia G, Zizzo N, Latronico T, Mastrangelo F, Dahl G, De Palo P. Oral administration of nucleotides in calves: Effects on oxidative status, immune response, and intestinal mucosa development. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:4393-4409. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Kober AKMH, Riaz Rajoka MS, Mehwish HM, Villena J, Kitazawa H. Immunomodulation Potential of Probiotics: A Novel Strategy for Improving Livestock Health, Immunity, and Productivity. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020388. [PMID: 35208843 PMCID: PMC8878146 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the use of probiotics as feed supplements in animal production has increased considerably due to the ban on antibiotic growth promoters in livestock. This review provides an overview of the current situation, limitation, and prospects for probiotic formulations applied to livestock. Recently, the use of probiotics in livestock has been suggested to significantly improve their health, immunity, growth performance, nutritional digestibility, and intestinal microbial balance. Furthermore, it was reported that the use of probiotics in animals was helpful in equilibrating their beneficial microbial population and microbial turnover via stimulating the host immune response through specific secretions and competitive exclusion of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the digestive tract. Recently, there has been great interest in the understanding of probiotics targeted diet and its ability to compete with harmful microbes and acquire their niches. Therefore, the present review explores the most commonly used probiotic formulations in livestock feed and their effect on animal health. In summary, this article provides an in-depth knowledge about the formulation of probiotics as a step toward a better alternative to antibiotic healthy growth strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. M. Humayun Kober
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.S.R.R.); (H.M.M.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: or (A.K.M.H.K.); (H.K.); Tel.: +880-1712-164794 (A.K.M.H.K.); +81-22-757-4372 (H.K.)
| | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.S.R.R.); (H.M.M.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Hafiza Mahreen Mehwish
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.S.R.R.); (H.M.M.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Julio Villena
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina;
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; (M.S.R.R.); (H.M.M.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Correspondence: or (A.K.M.H.K.); (H.K.); Tel.: +880-1712-164794 (A.K.M.H.K.); +81-22-757-4372 (H.K.)
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