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Van Soest BJ, Pereira MN, Duffield TF, Steele MA, DeVries TJ. Effect of pre- and postpartum supplementation of a pure glycerol product to dairy cows on feeding behavior, lying behavior, and reticulorumen pH. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1427-1440. [PMID: 37806635 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of supplementing a low level of dry glycerol product pre- and postpartum on the feeding behavior, lying behavior, and reticulorumen pH of dairy cows. Multiparous Holstein dairy cows (n = 60) were enrolled in a 2 × 2 factorial design study. Twenty-one days before expected parturition, cows individually received a dry cow diet with (1) 250 g/d glycerol supplementation (GLY; 66% pure glycerol, United States Pharmacopeia grade), or (2) no supplementation (CON). Following parturition, cows were individually assigned to either (1) 250 g/d glycerol product (GLY; 66% pure glycerol), or (2) no supplementation (CON) to their partial mixed ration (PMR) for the first 21 d in milk (DIM). All cows were milked by an automated milking system and offered a target of 5.4 kg/d pellet (23% of target total dry matter intake [DMI]). For both treatment periods, cows were individually assigned to automated feed bins to measure PMR feeding behavior. Rumination time and lying behavior were monitored with electronic sensors for the whole study (-21 to 21 DIM). Reticulorumen pH boluses were administered to a subset of cows (n = 40) where pH was recorded every 10 min from 21 d prepartum to 21 d postpartum. Prepartum, cows fed GLY had fewer, larger meals and spent 20.2% more time feeding than CON while consuming feed at a similar rate. Cows on the CON diet prepartum spent more time lying down in more frequent bouts in the 21 d before calving. Following parturition, cows that received GLY prepartum continued to devote more time to eating, while tending to spend less time ruminating per kilogram of DMI. Cows receiving CON postpartum had larger meals with longer intervals between meals. In the first 21 DIM, cows receiving CON prepartum tended to have shorter, but significantly more frequent, lying bouts than cows fed GLY prepartum. Glycerol supplementation pre- and postpartum resulted in less time spent lying down following parturition. Minimal differences between treatments were observed for pre- and postpartum sorting behavior or reticulorumen pH. Overall, supplementation of glycerol pre- and postpartum altered cow time budgets, with cows spending more time eating pre- and postpartum, less time lying pre- and postpartum, and having fewer, larger meals prepartum when receiving glycerol prepartum, and with cows having slower feeding rates and smaller meals following parturition with postpartum glycerol supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Van Soest
- Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G1Y2
| | - M N Pereira
- Department of Animal Science, University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - T F Duffield
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G1Y2
| | - M A Steele
- Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G1Y2
| | - T J DeVries
- Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G1Y2.
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Türkgeldi B, Koç F, Lackner M, Okuyucu B, Okur E, Palangi V, Esen S. Infrared Thermography Assessment of Aerobic Stability of a Total Mixed Ration: An Innovative Approach to Evaluating Dairy Cow Feed. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2225. [PMID: 37444023 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A major objective of this study is to identify factors influencing the quality of high-moisture total mixed rations (TMRs) for livestock feed and explore possible manipulations that can enhance their fermentation characteristics and stability in order to address the problem of poor aerobic stability. Therefore, the current study utilized infrared thermography (IRT) to assess the aerobic stability of water-added TMRs in the feed bunker. By manipulating the moisture content of freshly prepared TMRs at four different levels through water addition and subjecting it to storage at two consistent temperatures, significant correlations between IRT values (center temperature (CT) and maximum temperature difference (MTD)) and key parameters such as lactic acid bacteria, water-soluble carbohydrates, and TMR pH were established. The first and second principal components together accounted for 44.3% of the variation, with the first component's load influenced by IRT parameters, fermentation characteristics, and air exposure times, while the second component's load was influenced by dry matter content and lactic acid concentration. The results of these studies indicate the possibility that feeding methods can be optimized by identifying portions with higher CT or MTD data using IRT measurements just before feeding dairy cows in the field. As a result, increasing the use of IRT in feed management and preservation processes is projected to have a positive impact on animal productivity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Türkgeldi
- Department of Animal Science, Tekirdağ Namik Kemal University, Tekirdağ 59030, Türkiye
| | - Fisun Koç
- Department of Animal Science, Tekirdağ Namik Kemal University, Tekirdağ 59030, Türkiye
| | - Maximilian Lackner
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Hoechstaedtplatz 6, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Berrin Okuyucu
- Department of Animal Science, Tekirdağ Namik Kemal University, Tekirdağ 59030, Türkiye
| | - Ersen Okur
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, Tekirdağ Namik Kemal University, Tekirdağ 59030, Türkiye
| | - Valiollah Palangi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Türkiye
| | - Selim Esen
- Balikesir Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Balikesir 10470, Türkiye
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Rigueiro ALN, Pereira MCS, Silvestre AM, Pinto ACJ, Felizari LD, Dias EFF, Demartini BL, Estevam DD, Dellaqua JVT, Souza KLR, Silva LAF, Nunes ABPC, Souza JM, Millen DD. Withdrawal of sodium monensin when associated with virginiamycin during adaptation and finishing periods on feedlot performance, feeding behavior, carcass, rumen, and cecum morphometrics characteristics of Nellore cattle. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1067434. [PMID: 36761886 PMCID: PMC9902882 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1067434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Feed additives such as monensin (MON) and virginiamycin (VM) are widely used in feedlots diets to maximize rumen fermentation. However, the knowledge about the effects of MON and VM combinations in specifics feedlot periods and the benefits of this association are still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of withdrawal of MON when associated with VM during the adaptation and finishing periods on feedlot performance of Nellore cattle. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized block replicated six times (four animals/pen) in which 120 Nellore bulls (378.4 ± 24.4 kg) were allocated in 30 pens and fed for 112 days according to the following treatments: (T1) MON during the entire feeding period; (T2) VM during the entire feeding period; (T3) MON+VM during the adaptation period and only VM during the finishing period 1 and 2; (T4) MON+VM during the entire feeding period; (T5) MON+VM during the adaptation and finishing period 1 and only VM during the finishing period 2. After 112 days on feed, no treatment effect was observed for DMI (P ≥ 0.12). However, bulls fed T5 had greater (P = 0.05) final BW and ADG when compared to T1, T2, and T4. Cattle from T3 and T5 groups presented heavier HCW (P = 0.05) than that fed T1, T2, and T4. Nellore bulls fed T1 and T5 had lower (P < 0.01) DMI variation than those receiving T2. The withdrawal of MON when associated with VM during the final third of the feedlot period improved overall final BW, ADG, and HCW when compared to bulls fed either MON or VM, but did not positively impact feedlot performance when compared to cattle that had MON withdrawn at the end of the adaptation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L. N. Rigueiro
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Murilo C. S. Pereira
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Antonio M. Silvestre
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina J. Pinto
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Luana D. Felizari
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Evandro F. F. Dias
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, Brazil
| | - Breno L. Demartini
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Daniela D. Estevam
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - João V. T. Dellaqua
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Katia L. R. Souza
- Department of Breeding and Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Leandro A. F. Silva
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, Brazil
| | - Ana B. P. C. Nunes
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, Brazil
| | - Johnny M. Souza
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, Brazil
| | - Danilo D. Millen
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, Brazil,*Correspondence: Danilo D. Millen ✉
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Kahyani A, Ghorbani GR, Alikhani M, Ramezani O, Asemi Esfahani M, Ahmadi F, Nasrollahi SM. Chewing activities, sorting behaviour and ruminal fermentation of lactating dairy cows fed diets with similar proportions of undigested neutral detergent fibre with wheat straw substituted for alfalfa hay, corn silage or both. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2120421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kahyani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholam R. Ghorbani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Alikhani
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Ramezani
- Department of Animal Science, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Asemi Esfahani
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
| | - Farhad Ahmadi
- Department of Eco-friendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
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Karunanayaka W, Nayananjalie D, Appuhamy R, Adikari J, Weerasingha V, Kumari A, Somasiri S, Liyanage R, Mangalika P, Sundarabarathy T. Effect of TMR Briquettes on Milk Production, Nutrient Digestibility, and Manure Excretions of Dairy Cows in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070932. [PMID: 35405920 PMCID: PMC8996848 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We showed previously that TMR briquettes made with a variety of forages and industrial by-products had higher crude protein and energy concentrations than the conventional diet including fresh-cut Guinea grass and commercial cattle pellet (CTL). The study objective was to determine to what extent the nutritional advantages of TMR briquettes would be translated into the milk production of dairy cows in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. Nine Jersey × Sahiwal cows were assigned to CTL or two TMR briquettes in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three periods each including 14 d for production measurement and 7 d for total faeces and urine collection. The TMR briquettes tended to increase milk yield (5.55 to 6.59 kg/d, p = 0.092), milk protein yield (0.170 vs. 0.203 kg/d, p = 0.091) and DMI (6.50 to 7.16 kg/d, p = 0.070), and decreased milk urea nitrogen (13.0 to 10.5 mg/dL, p < 0.006). The TMR briquettes had a higher organic matter and neutral detergent fibre digestibility (p < 0.001), and lower urinary N excretions as a % of N intake (p = 0.149). In conclusion, the TMR briquettes can improve forage digestibility, milk production and environmental sustainability of dairy cows in the dry zone of Sri Lanka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wishma Karunanayaka
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka; (W.K.); (J.A.); (V.W.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Deepthi Nayananjalie
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka; (W.K.); (J.A.); (V.W.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (R.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +94-71-445-8671
| | - Ranga Appuhamy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Jayantha Adikari
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka; (W.K.); (J.A.); (V.W.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Viraj Weerasingha
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka; (W.K.); (J.A.); (V.W.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Amali Kumari
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka; (W.K.); (J.A.); (V.W.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Sharini Somasiri
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka; (W.K.); (J.A.); (V.W.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Ridma Liyanage
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka; (W.K.); (J.A.); (V.W.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Priyani Mangalika
- Veterinary Research Institute, Gannoruwa, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka;
| | - Thenmoli Sundarabarathy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka;
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