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Retuerto-Guerrero M, López-Medrano R, de Freitas-González E, Rivero-Lezcano OM. Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Mucociliary Clearance, and Bronchiectasis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:665. [PMID: 38674609 PMCID: PMC11052484 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental and ubiquitous, but only a few species are associated with disease, often presented as nodular/bronchiectatic or cavitary pulmonary forms. Bronchiectasis, airways dilatations characterized by chronic productive cough, is the main presentation of NTM pulmonary disease. The current Cole's vicious circle model for bronchiectasis proposes that it progresses from a damaging insult, such as pneumonia, that affects the respiratory epithelium and compromises mucociliary clearance mechanisms, allowing microorganisms to colonize the airways. An important bronchiectasis risk factor is primary ciliary dyskinesia, but other ciliopathies, such as those associated with connective tissue diseases, also seem to facilitate bronchiectasis, as may occur in Lady Windermere syndrome, caused by M. avium infection. Inhaled NTM may become part of the lung microbiome. If the dose is too large, they may grow excessively as a biofilm and lead to disease. The incidence of NTM pulmonary disease has increased in the last two decades, which may have influenced the parallel increase in bronchiectasis incidence. We propose that ciliary dyskinesia is the main promoter of bronchiectasis, and that the bacteria most frequently involved are NTM. Restoration of ciliary function and impairment of mycobacterial biofilm formation may provide effective therapeutic alternatives to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Retuerto-Guerrero
- Servicio de Reumatología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Altos de Nava, s/n, 24071 León, Spain;
| | - Ramiro López-Medrano
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Altos de Nava, s/n, 24071 León, Spain;
| | - Elizabeth de Freitas-González
- Servicio de Neumología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Altos de Nava, s/n, 24071 León, Spain;
| | - Octavio Miguel Rivero-Lezcano
- Unidad de Investigación, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Altos de Nava, s/n, 24071 León, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain
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Brody SL, Pan J, Huang T, Xu J, Xu H, Koenitizer J, Brennan SK, Nanjundappa R, Saba TG, Berical A, Hawkins FJ, Wang X, Zhang R, Mahjoub MR, Horani A, Dutcher SK. Loss of an extensive ciliary connectome induces proteostasis and cell fate switching in a severe motile ciliopathy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.20.585965. [PMID: 38562900 PMCID: PMC10983967 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.20.585965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Motile cilia have essential cellular functions in development, reproduction, and homeostasis. Genetic causes for motile ciliopathies have been identified, but the consequences on cellular functions beyond impaired motility remain unknown. Variants in CCDC39 and CCDC40 cause severe disease not explained by loss of motility. Using human cells with pathological variants in these genes, Chlamydomonas genetics, cryo-electron microscopy, single cell RNA transcriptomics, and proteomics, we identified perturbations in multiple cilia-independent pathways. Absence of the axonemal CCDC39/CCDC40 heterodimer results in loss of a connectome of over 90 proteins. The undocked connectome activates cell quality control pathways, switches multiciliated cell fate, impairs microtubule architecture, and creates a defective periciliary barrier. Both cilia-dependent and independent defects are likely responsible for the disease severity. Our findings provide a foundation for reconsidering the broad cellular impact of pathologic variants in ciliopathies and suggest new directions for therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Brody
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jiehong Pan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Huihui Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jeffrey Koenitizer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Steven K Brennan
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rashmi Nanjundappa
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Thomas G Saba
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
| | - Andrew Berical
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Finn J Hawkins
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Xiangli Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Moe R Mahjoub
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physisology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Amjad Horani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physisology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Susan K Dutcher
- Department of Cell Biology and Physisology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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3
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Penny GM, Dutcher SK. Gene dosage of independent dynein arm motor preassembly factors influences cilia assembly in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011038. [PMID: 38498551 PMCID: PMC11020789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Motile cilia assembly utilizes over 800 structural and cytoplasmic proteins. Variants in approximately 58 genes cause primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) in humans, including the dynein arm (pre)assembly factor (DNAAF) gene DNAAF4. In humans, outer dynein arms (ODAs) and inner dynein arms (IDAs) fail to assemble motile cilia when DNAAF4 function is disrupted. In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a ciliated unicellular alga, the DNAAF4 ortholog is called PF23. The pf23-1 mutant assembles short cilia and lacks IDAs, but partially retains ODAs. The cilia of a new null allele (pf23-4) completely lack ODAs and IDAs and are even shorter than cilia from pf23-1. In addition, PF23 plays a role in the cytoplasmic modification of IC138, a protein of the two-headed IDA (I1/f). As most PCD variants in humans are recessive, we sought to test if heterozygosity at two genes affects ciliary function using a second-site non-complementation (SSNC) screening approach. We asked if phenotypes were observed in diploids with pairwise heterozygous combinations of 21 well-characterized ciliary mutant Chlamydomonas strains. Vegetative cultures of single and double heterozygous diploid cells did not show SSNC for motility phenotypes. When protein synthesis is inhibited, wild-type Chlamydomonas cells utilize the pool of cytoplasmic proteins to assemble half-length cilia. In this sensitized assay, 8 double heterozygous diploids with pf23 and other DNAAF mutations show SSNC; they assemble shorter cilia than wild-type. In contrast, double heterozygosity of the other 203 strains showed no effect on ciliary assembly. Immunoblots of diploids heterozygous for pf23 and wdr92 or oda8 show that PF23 is reduced by half in these strains, and that PF23 dosage affects phenotype severity. Reductions in PF23 and another DNAAF in diploids affect the ability to assemble ODAs and IDAs and impedes ciliary assembly. Thus, dosage of multiple DNAAFs is an important factor in cilia assembly and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervette M. Penny
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis,Missouri, United States of America
| | - Susan K. Dutcher
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis,Missouri, United States of America
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Quiroz EJ, Kim S, Gautam LK, Borok Z, Kintner C, Ryan AL. RBL2 represses the transcriptional activity of Multicilin to inhibit multiciliogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:81. [PMID: 38253523 PMCID: PMC10803754 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06440-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
A core pathophysiologic feature underlying many respiratory diseases is multiciliated cell dysfunction, leading to inadequate mucociliary clearance. Due to the prevalence and highly variable etiology of mucociliary dysfunction in respiratory diseases, it is critical to understand the mechanisms controlling multiciliogenesis that may be targeted to restore functional mucociliary clearance. Multicilin, in a complex with E2F4, is necessary and sufficient to drive multiciliogenesis in airway epithelia, however this does not apply to all cell types, nor does it occur evenly across all cells in the same cell population. In this study we further investigated how co-factors regulate the ability of Multicilin to drive multiciliogenesis. Combining data in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human bronchial epithelial cells, we identify RBL2 as a repressor of the transcriptional activity of Multicilin. Knockdown of RBL2 in submerged cultures or phosphorylation of RBL2 in response to apical air exposure, in the presence of Multicilin, allows multiciliogenesis to progress. These data demonstrate a dynamic interaction between RBL2 and Multicilin that regulates the capacity of cells to differentiate and multiciliate. Identification of this mechanism has important implications for facilitating MCC differentiation in diseases with impaired mucociliary clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Quiroz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52240, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Seongjae Kim
- The Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Lalit K Gautam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52240, USA
| | - Zea Borok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Amy L Ryan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52240, USA.
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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5
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Keicho N, Hijikata M, Miyabayashi A, Wakabayashi K, Yamada H, Ito M, Morimoto K. Impact of primary ciliary dyskinesia: Beyond sinobronchial syndrome in Japan. Respir Investig 2024; 62:179-186. [PMID: 38154292 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by impaired motile cilia function, particularly in the upper and lower airways. To date, more than 50 causative genes related to the movement, development, and maintenance of cilia have been identified. PCD mostly follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, in which PCD symptoms manifest only in the presence of pathogenic variants in both alleles. Several genes causing PCD have been recently identified that neither lead to situs inversus nor cause definitive abnormalities in ciliary ultrastructure. Importantly, the distribution of disease-causing genes and pathogenic variants varies depending on ethnicity. In Japan, homozygosity for a ∼27.7-kb deletion of DRC1 is estimated to be the most common cause of PCD, presumably as a founder mutation. The clinical picture of PCD is similar to that of sinobronchial syndrome, thus making its differentiation from diffuse panbronchiolitis and other related disorders difficult. Given the diagnostic challenges, many cases remain undiagnosed or misdiagnosed, particularly in adults. While no fundamental cure is currently available, lifelong medical subsidies are provided in Japan, and proper respiratory management, along with continued prevention and treatment of infections, is believed to mitigate the decline in respiratory function. Timely action will be necessary when specific treatments for PCD become available in the future. This narrative review focuses on variations in the disease status of PCD in a non-Western country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Keicho
- The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Minako Hijikata
- Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Miyabayashi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Wakabayashi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Department of Mycobacterium Reference and Research, The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Ito
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kozo Morimoto
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Quiroz EJ, Kim S, Gautam LK, Borok Z, Kintner C, Ryan AL. RBL2 represses the transcriptional activity of Multicilin to inhibit multiciliogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.04.551992. [PMID: 37577572 PMCID: PMC10418160 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.04.551992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
A core pathophysiologic feature underlying many respiratory diseases is multiciliated cell dysfunction, leading to inadequate mucociliary clearance. Due to the prevalence and highly variable etiology of mucociliary dysfunction in respiratory diseases, it is critical to understand the mechanisms controlling multiciliogenesis that may be targeted to restore functional mucociliary clearance. Multicilin, in a complex with E2F4, is necessary and sufficient to drive multiciliogenesis in airway epithelia, however this does not apply to all cell types, nor does it occur evenly across all cells in the same cell population. In this study we further investigated how co-factors regulate the ability of Multicilin to drive multiciliogenesis. Combining data in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human bronchial epithelial cells, we identify RBL2 as a repressor of the transcriptional activity of Multicilin. Knockdown of RBL2 in submerged cultures or phosphorylation of RBL2 in response to apical air exposure, in the presence of Multicilin, allows multiciliogenesis to progress. These data demonstrate a dynamic interaction between RBL2 and Multicilin that regulates the capacity of cells to differentiate and multiciliate. Identification of this mechanism has important implications for facilitating MCC differentiation in diseases with impaired mucociliary clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J. Quiroz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Seongjae Kim
- The Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037
| | - Lalit K. Gautam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240
| | - Zea Borok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037
| | | | - Amy L. Ryan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
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