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Pirker R. Improving survival of patients with locally advanced non-small-cell cancer remains a challenge: comment to PROCLAIM. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:E607-10. [PMID: 27501237 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.05.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pirker
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Koufos N, Syrios J, Michailidou D, Xynos ID, Lazaris A, Kavantzas N, Tomos P, Kakaris S, Kosmas C, Tsavaris N. Distinct patterns of angiogenic factor expression as a predictive factor of response to chemotherapy in stage IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 5:440-446. [PMID: 27699040 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of various angiogenic factors was assessed in tumour samples of patients with stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and further evaluated in terms of response to induction paclitaxel-ifosfamide-cisplatin chemotherapy. Freshly isolated lung tumour specimens obtained by bronchoscopy from 70 stage IIIA NSCLC chemotherapy-naïve patients were sampled and analysed for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3. Microvessel density was assessed through evaluating the angiogenic markers CD34 and CD105. Immunostaining scores were calculated by multiplying the percentage of labeled cells by the intensity of staining for each examined parameter. The overall mean immunostaining score value from all NSCLC samples was 7.83, 5.56 and 15.86 for VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3, respectively. The overall mean value of the endothelial antigen CD34 was 16.29, whereas the expression of the CD105 antigen in endothelial cells yielded a multivariate distribution. Patients who responded to chemotherapy expressed significantly higher VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-3 mean values compared with non-responders (P<0.001). No significant difference was noted in VEGFR-2 mean values between these two groups (P=0.06). The CD34 mean value was significantly higher in responders (P<0.001), whereas there was no significant difference in CD105 expression between the two groups (P=0.07). Angiogenic marker expression proved to be a potential predictive factor of response to chemotherapy in stage III NSCLC. which merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Koufos
- Oncology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - John Syrios
- 2nd Department of Medical Oncology, 'St. Savvas' Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Michailidou
- Oncology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis D Xynos
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit-Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College, London W6 8RF, UK
| | - Andreas Lazaris
- 1st Department of Pathology, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nicolaos Kavantzas
- 1st Department of Pathology, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Periclis Tomos
- 2nd Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatis Kakaris
- 1st Department of Thoracic Surgery, 'Sotiria' General Hospital of Chest Diseases, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Kosmas
- 2nd Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, 18537 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Nikolas Tsavaris
- Oncology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Zhou C, Manegold C. Chemotherapy of lung cancer: A global perspective of the role of ifosfamide. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 1:61-71. [PMID: 25806156 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2011.12.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The oxazaphosphorine cytostatic ifosfamide (IFO) has been successfully integrated in the treatment of various hematological and solid tumors. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence for its use in lung cancer starting from basic data of preclinical studies followed by a global summary of the phase III and seminal phase II clinical studies. Global in double respect: first covering both the small cell as well as the non-small cell indications, and, second tracing those studies performed in Europe and the United States as well as those from Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caicun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Christian Manegold
- Department of Surgery, Interdisciplinary Thoracic Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Koufos N, Michailidou D, Xynos ID, Tomos P, Athanasiadou K, Kosmas C, Tsavaris N. Modulation of peripheral immune responses by paclitaxel–ifosfamide–cisplatin chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139:1995-2003. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Gemcitabine combined with cisplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in stage IB-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2011; 22:569-75. [PMID: 21487288 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e328342d50a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This single-arm, multicenter, phase II study examined the objective response rate and toxicity after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with stage IB-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer. Treatment consisted of three 21-day cycles of gemcitabine (1000 mg/m(2)) on days 1 and 8 and cisplatin (75 mg/m(2)) on day 1 of each cycle. Surgery was performed 4-5 weeks after day 1 of the last cycle of study therapy. A total of 52 patients from five investigative sites in Russia were enrolled in the study, of which 50 (96.2%) received study therapy. Of the 49 patients who were evaluable for response, six (12.2%) had a complete response and 16 (32.7%) had a partial response, resulting in an overall response rate of 44.9%. Disease progression occurred in four out of the 49 (8.2%) patients. Radical tumor resection was performed in 38 out of the 49 (77.6%) patients. A total of 41 patients were assessed for a pathological complete response, of which four (9.8%) patients had pathological complete tumor regression. Postsurgical restaging was performed in 36 out of the 41 (87.8%) patients. Tumor downstaging occurred in 16 out of the 36 (44.4%) patients. Grade 3/4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were experienced by 28.0%/6.0% patients and 6.0%/2.0% patients, respectively. Grade 3 anemia occurred in 4.0% of the patients. Nonhematological toxicity was mild. Overall mortality was 30.0% (15 out of 50 patients), predominantly from progressive disease. The 1-year overall survival rate was 74.4% (95% confidence interval: 61.3-87.6%). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin showed a good safety profile with an encouraging possibility of curative surgery in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer.
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Zhou X, Wang J, Wang J, Pan Y, Li J, Wang W, Zhao F. Analysis of prognostic factors for surgery after neo-adjuvant therapy for stage III non-small cell lung cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 28:677-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-008-0614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Clamon GH, Parekh KR. Mortality related to neoadjuvant therapy and surgery for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2008; 9:213-6. [PMID: 18650168 DOI: 10.3816/clc.2008.n.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone or with concurrent radiation is often used for stage IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer but is often tried in patients with stage IIIB and at times in patients with stage I or II disease. Newer neoadjuvant regimens would need to be compared with currently used programs to see if they increased toxicity. For such a comparison, a baseline estimate is needed of the mortality of currently used regimens. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this review, we searched PubMed and associated references, and data on mortality were identified in 34 publications. RESULTS The mortality of neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemotherapy plus radiation has been estimated in 2015 patients was 0.7%, and the postsurgical mortality in 2195 patients was 4.3%. CONCLUSION These estimates might provide a benchmark for comparison for innovative trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald H Clamon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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Akudugu JM, Slabbert JP. Modulation of radiosensitivity in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts by cisplatin. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 86:257-63. [PMID: 18432286 DOI: 10.1139/y08-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of cisplatin exposure time, concentration, and irradiation sequence on the sensitivity of Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79) to gamma-ray exposure were examined. Based on clonogenic cell survival, the cisplatin concentrations corresponding to 50% cell survival (EC(50)) for exposure times of 1 h to 7 days followed a 2-phase exponential decay and ranged from 28.26 +/- 3.32 to 1.53 +/- 0.24 micromol/L, respectively. When cells were treated at EC(50) for exposures of less than 4 h and irradiated immediately, cisplatin inhibited the effect of radiation. Exposures of 4-6 h did not affect radiosensitivity. For exposures of 8-12 h, radiosensitization was observed, which disappeared at 14 h and reappeared for much longer cisplatin treatments. At the lowest achievable EC(50) (1.53 micromol/L), radiosensitization was observed if irradiation was delayed for 1-8 h. This enhancement in radiosensitivity disappeared for irradiation delays of 10-12 h, but reappeared when irradiation was delayed for 14-18 h. These data demonstrate that the mode of interaction between cisplatin and gamma-irradiation depends on the concentration and exposure time of cisplatin, as well as on the timing of irradiation after cisplatin administration. Consideration of changes in cell cycle kinetics may contribute to the improvement of treatment outcomes in adjuvant chemoradiotherapy involving cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Akudugu
- Radiation Biophysics, iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences, P.O. Box 722, Faure, Cape Town 7129, South Africa.
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