1
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Myers G, Sun Y, Wang Y, Benmhammed H, Cui S. Roles of Nuclear Orphan Receptors TR2 and TR4 during Hematopoiesis. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:563. [PMID: 38790192 PMCID: PMC11121135 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
TR2 and TR4 (NR2C1 and NR2C2, respectively) are evolutionarily conserved nuclear orphan receptors capable of binding direct repeat sequences in a stage-specific manner. Like other nuclear receptors, TR2 and TR4 possess important roles in transcriptional activation or repression with developmental stage and tissue specificity. TR2 and TR4 bind DNA and possess the ability to complex with available cofactors mediating developmental stage-specific actions in primitive and definitive erythrocytes. In erythropoiesis, TR2 and TR4 are required for erythroid development, maturation, and key erythroid transcription factor regulation. TR2 and TR4 recruit and interact with transcriptional corepressors or coactivators to elicit developmental stage-specific gene regulation during hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greggory Myers
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (G.M.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yanan Sun
- Section of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (G.M.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hajar Benmhammed
- Section of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Shuaiying Cui
- Section of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.S.); (H.B.)
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2
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Xie S, Hu Y, Jin J, Fu L, Zhang C, Yang Q, Niu Y, Sheng Z. Regulation of the stem‑like properties of estrogen receptor‑positive breast cancer cells through NR2E3/NR2C2 signaling. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:474. [PMID: 37664670 PMCID: PMC10469576 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are major drivers of metastasis, drug resistance and recurrence in numerous cancers. However, critical factors that can modulate CSC stemness have not been clearly identified. Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 3 (nr2e3) expression has been previously reported to be positively associated with drug sensitivity and favorable clinical outcomes in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)+ breast cancer. This suggests that nr2e3 expression may be inversely associated with CSC stemness in this type of tumor cells. The present study aimed to investigate the regulatory roles of NR2E3 in the stem-like properties of ER+ breast cancer cells and to identify the underlying mechanisms. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using the data derived from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Nr2e3-specific shRNA and nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group C member 2 (nr2c2) overexpressed plasmids were constructed to silence and enhance the expression of nr2e3 and nr2c2, respectively. Transwell and wound healing experiments were conducted to evaluate the migration and invasion ability of MCF7 cells, while colony formation tests were used to evaluate the clonality. Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of CD44+CD24-/low cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were performed to detect expression at the mRNA and protein levels. The results showed that compared with normal breast tissues and MCF10A cells, the expression of nr2e3 was increased in ER+ breast tumor tissues and cell lines. Nr2e3 silencing promoted the migration, invasion and colony-forming ability of the ER+ MCF7 cells. It also increased the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers and stem cell-related transcription factors, in addition to the percentage of CD44+CD24-/low cells. The expression of nr2e3 and nr2c2 was found to be positively correlated. Nr2e3 knockdown decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of nr2c2, whereas nr2c2 overexpression reversed the elevated CD44+CD24-/low cell ratio and the increased migratory activity caused by nr2e3 silencing. The results of the present study suggest that NR2E3 may serve an important role in modulating the stem-like properties of ER+ breast cancer cells, where NR2E3/NR2C2 signaling may be a therapeutic target in ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanglun Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Yaru Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui 236000, P.R. China
| | - Jiacheng Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Lingzhi Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233099, P.R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233099, P.R. China
| | - Yaxin Niu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233099, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Sheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
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3
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Liu Y, Ma L, Li M, Tian Z, Yang M, Wu X, Wang X, Shang G, Xie M, Chen Y, Liu X, Jiang L, Wu W, Xu C, Xia L, Li G, Dai S, Chen Z. Structures of human TR4LBD-JAZF1 and TR4DBD-DNA complexes reveal the molecular basis of transcriptional regulation. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:1443-1457. [PMID: 36651297 PMCID: PMC9943680 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular nuclear receptor 4 (TR4) modulates the transcriptional activation of genes and plays important roles in many diseases. The regulation of TR4 on target genes involves direct interactions with DNA molecules via the DNA-binding domain (DBD) and recruitment of coregulators by the ligand-binding domain (LBD). However, their regulatory mechanisms are unclear. Here, we report high-resolution crystal structures of TR4DBD, TR4DBD-DNA complexes and the TR4LBD-JAZF1 complex. For DNA recognition, multiple factors come into play, and a specific mutual selectivity between TR4 and target genes is found. The coactivators SRC-1 and CREBBP can bind at the interface of TR4 originally occupied by the TR4 activation function region 2 (AF-2); however, JAZF1 suppresses the binding through a novel mechanism. JAZF1 binds to an unidentified surface of TR4 and stabilizes an α13 helix never reported in the nuclear receptor family. Moreover, the cancer-associated mutations affect the interactions and the transcriptional activation of TR4 in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Overall, our results highlight the crucial role of DNA recognition and a novel mechanism of how JAZF1 reinforces the autorepressed conformation and influences the transcriptional activation of TR4, laying out important structural bases for drug design for a variety of diseases, including diabetes and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lulu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Min Li
- National Protein Science Facility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zizi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meiting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guohui Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengjia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiyun Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaoqun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liqun Xia
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Gonghui Li
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Shaodong Dai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Zhongzhou Chen
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 10 62734078; Fax: +86 10 62734078;
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Zhu J, Qin P, Cao C, Dai G, Xu L, Yang D. Use of miR‑145 and testicular nuclear receptor 4 inhibition to reduce chemoresistance to docetaxel in prostate cancer. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:963-974. [PMID: 33650661 PMCID: PMC7859919 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human testicular nuclear receptor 4 (TR4) is a critical regulatory gene for the progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Although it has been revealed that TR4 causes chemoresistance in PCa via the activation of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), the detailed mechanism remains unexplored. In the present study, it was revealed that inhibition of TR4 by shRNA in PCa enhanced the sensitivity to docetaxel in vitro and in vivo. TR4 induced the downregulation of miR-145 by directly binding it to the promoter of miR-145, which was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis and luciferase assay. The overexpression of miR-145 suppressed both the chemoresistance and the expression of OCT4 mRNA and protein. Additionally, the TR4 shRNA mediated re-sensitization to docetaxel, along with the downregulated expression of OCT4, were reversed by the concurrent inhibition of miR-145. The luciferase assay revealed that the activity of the wild-type OCT4 3′ untranslated region reporter was suppressed. This suppression diminished when the miR-145 response element mutated. These findings suggest an undescribed regulatory pathway in PCa, by which TR4 directly suppressed the expression of miR-145, thereby inhibiting its direct target OCT4, leading to the promotion of chemoresistance in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Peibo Qin
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Cao
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Changshu, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215500, P.R. China
| | - Guangcheng Dai
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Dongrong Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
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5
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Xia L, Shen D, Wang H, Ren L, Chen Y, Li G. Identification of Small-Molecule Regulators of Testicular Receptor 4 via a Drug Repurposing Screening. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:30625-30632. [PMID: 33283111 PMCID: PMC7711931 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The testicular receptor 4 (TR4) is a nuclear receptor implicated in multiple pathological processes, including cancer development, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy resistance. However, no effective TR4 small-molecule regulator is available to date. Here, we assessed a physical-interaction-based surface plasmon resonance imaging assay for discovery of TR4 regulators. We screened 1018 FDA-approved drugs and obtained 126 drugs with K D values below 10-6 M. The dual-luciferase-based biological assay verified four activatory compounds and two inhibitory compounds against TR4. Among them, nilotinib exhibited the most potent inhibitor, with an EC50 of 1.05 μM, while genistein represented the most potent activator, with an EC50 of 2.42 μM. Both drugs were predicted to bind in the ligand binding pocket of TR4. The circular dichroism spectroscopic assay revealed differed conformation changes upon nilotinib or genistein binding. These results established our combined physical and biological approaches as a highly effective way to identify and develop new TR4 regulators.
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6
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Ha NT, Lee CH. Roles of Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase 1 in Tumour and Tumour Microenvironments. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112352. [PMID: 33113804 PMCID: PMC7693003 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1, squalene synthase), a membrane-associated enzyme, synthesizes squalene via condensation of two molecules of farnesyl pyrophosphate. Accumulating evidence has noted that FDFT1 plays a critical role in cancer, particularly in metabolic reprogramming, cell proliferation, and invasion. Based on these advances in our knowledge, FDFT1 could be a potential target for cancer treatment. This review focuses on the contribution of FDFT1 to the hallmarks of cancer, and further, we discuss the applicability of FDFT1 as a cancer prognostic marker and target for anticancer therapy.
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7
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Fan Z, Zheng J, Xue Y, Liu X, Wang D, Yang C, Ma J, Liu L, Ruan X, Wang Z, Liu Y. NR2C2-uORF targeting UCA1-miR-627-5p-NR2C2 feedback loop to regulate the malignant behaviors of glioma cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1165. [PMID: 30518750 PMCID: PMC6281640 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has highlighted the potential role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and upstream open-reading frames (uORFs) in the biological behaviors of glioblastoma. Here, we elucidated the function and possible molecular mechanisms of the effect of some ncRNAs and NR2C2-uORF on the biological behaviors of gliomas. Quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to profile the cell expression of lnc-UCA1 and microRNA-627-5p (miR-627-5p) in glioma tissues and cells. Western blot assay was used to determine the expression levels of NR2C2, SPOCK1, and NR2C2-uORF in glioma tissues and cells. Stable knockdown of lnc-UCA1 or overexpression of miR-627-5p in glioma cell lines (U87 and U251) were established to explore the function of lnc-UCA1 and miR-627-5p in glioma cells. Further, Dual luciferase report assay was used to investigate the correlation between lnc-UCA1 and miR-627-5p. Cell Counting Kit-8, transwell assays, and flow cytometry were used to investigate lnc-UCA1 and miR-627-5p function including cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and apoptosis, respectively. ChIP assays were used to ascertain the correlations between NR2C2 and SPOCK1 as well as NR2C2 between lnc-UCA1. This study confirmed that lnc-UCA1 was up-regulated in glioma tissues and cells. UCA1 knockdown inhibited the malignancies of glioma cells by reducing proliferation, migration, and invasion, but inducing apoptosis. We found that lnc-UCA1 acted as miR-627-5p sponge in a sequence-specific manner. Meanwhile, upregulated lnc-UCA1 inhibited miR-627-5p expression. In addition, miR-627-5p targeted 3'UTR of NR2C2 and down-regulated its expression. Moreover, UCA1 knockdown impaired NR2C2 expression by upregulating miR-627-5p. An uORF was identified in mRNA 5'UTR of NR2C2 and overexpression of whom negatively regulated NR2C2 expression. Remarkably, lnc-UCA1 knockdown combined with uORF overepression and NR2C2 knockdown led to severe tumor suppression in vivo. This study demonstrated that the NR2C2-uORF impaired the pivotal roles that UCA1-miR-627-5p-NR2C2 feedback loop had in regulating the malignancies of glioma cells by targeting NR2C2 directly. And this may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for treating glioma.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Brain Neoplasms/genetics
- Brain Neoplasms/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/mortality
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Feedback, Physiological
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glioblastoma/genetics
- Glioblastoma/metabolism
- Glioblastoma/mortality
- Glioblastoma/pathology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Open Reading Frames
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proteoglycans/genetics
- Proteoglycans/metabolism
- RNA, Long Noncoding/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptors, Steroid/genetics
- Receptors, Steroid/metabolism
- Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/genetics
- Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Analysis
- Tumor Burden
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirong Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixue Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaobai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunqing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
| | - Libo Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuelei Ruan
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China.
- Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, 110004, Shenyang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, 110004, Shenyang, China.
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Zhang L, Xu LJ, Zhu J, Li J, Xue BX, Gao J, Sun CY, Zang YC, Zhou YB, Yang DR, Shan YX. ATM‑JAK‑PD‑L1 signaling pathway inhibition decreases EMT and metastasis of androgen‑independent prostate cancer. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7045-7054. [PMID: 29568923 PMCID: PMC5928660 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), also known as androgen-independent prostate cancer, frequently develops local and distant metastases, the underlying mechanisms of which remain undetermined. In the present study, surgical specimens obtained from patients with clinical prostate cancer were investigated, and it was revealed that the expression levels of ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) were significantly enhanced in prostate cancer tissues isolated from patients with CRPC compared with from patients with hormone-dependent prostate cancer. CRPC C4-2 and CWR22Rv1 cells lines were subsequently selected to establish prostate cancer models, and ATM knockout cells were established via lentivirus infection. The results of the present study demonstrated that the migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ATM knockout cells were significantly decreased, which suggested that ATM is closely associated with CRPC cell migration and EMT. To further investigate the mechanisms underlying this process, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was investigated in ATM knockout cells. In addition, inhibitors of Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3; Stattic) were added to C4-2-Sc and CWR22Rv1-Sc cells, and the results demonstrated that PD-L1 expression was significantly decreased following the addition of JAK inhibitor 1; however, no significant change was observed following the addition of Stattic. Furthermore, a PD-L1 antibody and JAK inhibitor 1 were added to C4-2-Sc and CWR22Rv1-Sc cells, and it was revealed that cell migration ability was significantly decreased and the expression of EMT-associated markers was effectively reversed. The results of the present study suggested that via inhibition of the ATM-JAK-PD-L1 signaling pathway, EMT, metastasis and progression of CRPC may be effectively suppressed, which may represent a novel therapeutic approach for targeted therapy for patients with CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jun Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- First Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Xin Xue
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Yang Sun
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Chen Zang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Bin Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Rong Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xi Shan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
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9
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Chen Y, Lu J, Xia L, Xue D, Yu X, Shen D, Xu L, Li G. Testicular orphan receptor 4 promotes tumor progression and implies poor survival through AKT3 regulation in seminoma. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:384-394. [PMID: 29197138 PMCID: PMC5797821 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Seminoma is the most common testicular germ cell tumor worldwide and mainly occurs in 15-35-year-old young men. Early studies have indicated that testicular nuclear receptor 4 (TR4) first cloned from testis is involved in the invasion and metastasis of several human tumors; however, little attention is paid to the function of TR4 in seminoma. Our immunohistochemical (IHC) staining results showed that patients with advanced stage tumors tended to have higher expression of TR4. Importantly, there was a significant association between elevated TR4 expression and reduced overall survival in seminoma patients. In vitro MTS, western blot and transwell assays, after manipulating TR4 expression in Tcam-2 cells, revealed that TR4 induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promoted Tcam-2 cell proliferation and invasion. Mechanism dissection demonstrated that AKT3, a critical component in the signaling pathway, played a crucial role in mediating TR4-promoted Tcam-2 cell proliferation and invasion. We further revealed that TR4 modulated AKT3 at the transcriptional level via chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays. Meanwhile, addition of the AKT3 siRNA blocked the function of TR4. Overall, these findings first elucidate that TR4 is a novel prognostic marker and plays a critical role in the metastatic capacity of Tcam-2 cells by EMT regulation and, consequently, targeting TR4-AKT3 pathway may serve as a potential therapeutic approach for seminoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlei Chen
- Department of Urology and Chawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jieyang Lu
- Department of Urology and Chawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqun Xia
- Department of Urology and Chawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dingwei Xue
- Department of Urology and Chawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Yu
- Department of Urology and Chawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danyang Shen
- Department of Urology and Chawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Xu
- Department of Urology and Chawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gonghui Li
- Department of Urology and Chawnshang Chang Liver Cancer Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Kennel PJ, Saha A, Maldonado DA, Givens R, Brunjes DL, Castillero E, Zhang X, Ji R, Yahi A, George I, Mancini DM, Koller A, Fine B, Zorn E, Colombo PC, Tatonetti N, Chen EI, Schulze PC. Serum exosomal protein profiling for the non-invasive detection of cardiac allograft rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017; 37:409-417. [PMID: 28789823 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes are cell-derived circulating vesicles that play an important role in cell-cell communication. Exosomes are actively assembled and carry messenger RNAs, microRNAs and proteins. The "gold standard" for cardiac allograft surveillance is endomyocardial biopsy (EMB), an invasive technique with a distinct complication profile. The development of novel, non-invasive methods for the early diagnosis of allograft rejection is warranted. We hypothesized that the exosomal proteome is altered in acute rejection, allowing for a distinction between non-rejection and rejection episodes. METHODS Serum samples were collected from heart transplant (HTx) recipients with no rejection, acute cellular rejection (ACR) and antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of serum exosome was performed using a mass spectrometer (Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid). RESULTS Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a clustering of 3 groups: (1) control and heart failure (HF); (2) HTx without rejection; and (3) ACR and AMR. A total of 45 proteins were identified that could distinguish between groups (q < 0.05). Comparison of serum exosomal proteins from control, HF and non-rejection HTx revealed 17 differentially expressed proteins in at least 1 group (q < 0.05). Finally, comparisons of non-rejection HTx, ACR and AMR serum exosomes revealed 15 differentially expressed proteins in at least 1 group (q < 0.05). Of these 15 proteins, 8 proteins are known to play a role in the immune response. Of note, the majority of proteins identified were associated with complement activation, adaptive immunity such as immunoglobulin components and coagulation. CONCLUSIONS Characterizing of circulating exosomal proteome in different cardiac disease states reveals unique protein expression patterns indicative of the respective pathologies. Our data suggest that HTx and allograft rejection alter the circulating exosomal protein content. Exosomal protein analysis could be a novel approach to detect and monitor acute transplant rejection and lead to the development of predictive and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Kennel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA; Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Amit Saha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dawn A Maldonado
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Raymond Givens
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Danielle L Brunjes
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Estibaliz Castillero
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiaokan Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ruiping Ji
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexandre Yahi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Isaac George
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Donna M Mancini
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Mount Sinai Heart, New York, New York, USA
| | - Antonius Koller
- The Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Barry Fine
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emmanuel Zorn
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paolo C Colombo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas Tatonetti
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emily I Chen
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - P Christian Schulze
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
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11
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Ma Y, Zhang P, An G, Zhang X, Zhang L, Si J, Zhang J, Yang Y. Induction of Patient-Derived Xenograft Formation and Clinical Significance of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) in Lung Cancer Patients. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:4017-4025. [PMID: 27784882 PMCID: PMC5087670 DOI: 10.12659/msm.900661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune checkpoint of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) commonly expressed in solid cancers, and the blockade of this molecule show promising results in advanced cancers, including lung cancer. The relevance of PD-L1 to patient-derived xenograft (PDX) formation and clinicopathological characteristics in early stage lung cancer have not been fully elucidated. Material/Methods Cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry were carried out to examine proliferation and apoptosis in PC9 and H520 cells transfected with siRNAs. Nod-scid mice were used to establish PDX. Immunohistochemistry was done to investigate PD-L1 expression in tumor tissues. Results PD-L1 was detected in lung cancer cell lines and 45.45% of primary tumor tissues from a cohort of 209 lung cancer patients. Cell growth was restrained and apoptosis was induced when PD-L1 was inhibited in PC9 and H520 cells. In addition, we successfully established 16 PDX models from tissues from 43 cases of primary lung cancer. Higher PD-L1 expression rates (75%) was observed in primary tumors with PDX formation compared to protein expression rate (44.44%) in tumors without PDX formation. Consistently, a 1.9-fold increase of PDX formation frequency was identified in the PD-L1 positive tumors than in the PD-L1 negative tumors. Moreover, PD-L1 was found to be related to smoking, histological type, and pathological stage. Importantly, PD-L1 overexpression was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) of lung cancer patients. Conclusions This study suggests that overexpression of PD-L1 could induce PDX formation and is related to poor outcome for the lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Guo An
- Department of Laboratory Animal, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animal, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Liyi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Jiahui Si
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Jianzhi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China (mainland)
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