1
|
Reduzzi C, Nicolo' E, Singhal S, Venetis K, Ortega-Franco A, de Miguel-Perez D, Dipasquale A, Gouda MA, Saldanha EF, Kasi PM, Jantus-Lewintre E, Fusco N, Malapelle U, Gandara DR, Rolfo C, Serrano MJ, Cristofanilli M. Unveiling the impact of circulating tumor cells: Two decades of discovery and clinical advancements in solid tumors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 203:104483. [PMID: 39159706 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) enumeration and molecular profiling hold promise in revolutionizing the management of solid tumors. Their understanding has evolved significantly over the past two decades, encompassing pivotal biological discoveries and clinical studies across various malignancies. While for some tumor types, such as breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer, CTCs are ready to enter clinical practice, for others, additional research is required. CTCs serve as versatile biomarkers, offering insights into tumor biology, metastatic progression, and treatment response. This review summarizes the latest advancements in CTC research and highlights future directions of investigation. Special attention is given to concurrent evaluations of CTCs and other circulating biomarkers, particularly circulating tumor DNA. Multi-analyte assessment holds the potential to unlock the full clinical capabilities of liquid biopsy. In conclusion, CTCs represent a transformative biomarker in precision oncology, offering extraordinary opportunities to translate scientific discoveries into tangible improvements in patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Reduzzi
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Eleonora Nicolo'
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Surbhi Singhal
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Konstantinos Venetis
- Division of Pathology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Ana Ortega-Franco
- Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Diego de Miguel-Perez
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Angelo Dipasquale
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mohamed A Gouda
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Erick F Saldanha
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pashtoon M Kasi
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre
- Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Unidad Mixta TRIAL (Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia y Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe) and CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan 20141, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan 20121, Italy
| | - Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - David R Gandara
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Maria Jose Serrano
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Liquid biopsy and Cancer Interception group, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, Granada 18016, Spain; Pathological Anatomy Unit, Molecular Pathology Laboratory,Virgen de las Nieves. University Hospital, Av. Dr. Olóriz 16, Granada 18012, Spain
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qi C, Li Y, Zeng H, Wei Q, Tan S, Zhang Y, Li W, Tian P. Current status and progress of PD-L1 detection: guiding immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:162. [PMID: 39026109 PMCID: PMC11258158 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths and represents a substantial disease burden worldwide. Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy are the standard first-line therapy for advanced NSCLC without driver mutations. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is currently the only approved immunotherapy marker. PD-L1 detection methods are diverse and have developed rapidly in recent years, such as improved immunohistochemical detection methods, the application of liquid biopsy in PD-L1 detection, genetic testing, radionuclide imaging, and the use of machine learning methods to construct PD-L1 prediction models. This review focuses on the detection methods and challenges of PD-L1 from different sources, and discusses the influencing factors of PD-L1 detection and the value of combined biomarkers. Provide support for clinical screening of immunotherapy-advantage groups and formulation of personalized treatment decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Qi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Center/Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yalun Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Center/Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Center/Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Center/Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sihan Tan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Center/Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Center/Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Center/Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Panwen Tian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Center/Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Andresen NK, Røssevold AH, Borgen E, Schirmer CB, Gilje B, Garred Ø, Lømo J, Stensland M, Nordgård O, Falk RS, Mathiesen RR, Russnes HG, Kyte JA, Naume B. Circulating tumor cells in metastatic breast cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors - a biomarker analysis of the ALICE and ICON trials. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38978352 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been introduced in breast cancer (BC) treatment and better biomarkers are needed to predict benefit. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are prognostic in BC, but knowledge is limited on CTCs in the context of ICI therapy. In this study, serial sampling of CTCs (CellSearch system) was evaluated in 82 patients with metastatic BC enrolled in two randomized trials investigating ICI plus chemotherapy. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on CTCs was also measured. Patients with ≥ 2 CTCs per 7.5 mL at baseline had gene expression profiles in tumor suggestive of increased T-cell activity, including increased tumor inflammation signature (TIS) in both triple-negative (P = 0.010) and hormone receptor-positive (P = 0.024) disease. Patients with luminal A BC had higher CTC levels. The association between CTC status and outcome was most apparent 4 weeks into therapy. PD-L1 expression in CTCs was observed in 6/17 CTC-positive patients and was associated with inferior survival. In conclusion, our study indicates that CTC numbers may inform on tumor immune composition, as well as prognosis. These findings suggest a potential of using CTCs as an accessible biomarker source in BC patients treated with immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Kragøe Andresen
- Department of Clinical Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Hagen Røssevold
- Department of Clinical Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Borgen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | | | - Bjørnar Gilje
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
| | - Øystein Garred
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Jon Lømo
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Marius Stensland
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
| | - Oddmund Nordgård
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Technology, University of Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Sørum Falk
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | | | - Hege G Russnes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Jon Amund Kyte
- Department of Clinical Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
| | - Bjørn Naume
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ezzeldin N, El-Lebedy D, Hassan M, Shalaby AO, Hussein SAM, Gharib AM, Hamdy G, Mohammed AM, Ramadan A, Sobeih ME. Evaluating circulating cell-free DNA and DNA integrity index as biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2024; 36:21. [PMID: 38880832 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-024-00219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of free DNA molecules shed from tumour cells in plasma of patients referred as circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) with reference to physiological circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is nowadays exploited as liquid biopsy and is considered a new emerging promising biomarker for diagnosis, selection of proper treatment, and prognosis of cancer. DNA integrity index (DII) is assessed by calculating the ratio between the concentration of long cfDNA strands released from tumour cells (ALU247) and the short strands released from normal cells (ALU115). The aim of the current study was to evaluate DII as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of NSCLC. METHODS Our study included 48 NSCLC patients diagnosed as primary NSCLC before starting treatment, 30 COPD patients diagnosed clinically, radiologically, and subjected to chest high-resolution computerized tomography, and 40 healthy controls. cfDNA concentration and DII were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS ALU115, ALU247, and DII were significantly higher in NSCLC compared to COPD patients (p < 0.0001) and controls (p < 0.0001) and in COPD patients compared to control subjects (p < 0.0001). DII positively correlated with the stage of tumour (p = 0.01), tumour metastasis (p = 0.004), and with adenocarcinoma compared to other histopathological types (p = 0.02). To evaluate clinical utility of DII in NSCLC, ROC curve analysis demonstrated an AUC of 0.91 at a cut-off value of 0.44 with total accuracy = 85.6%, sensitivity = 90%, specificity = 83%, PPV = 78.1%, and NPV = 92.1%. CONCLUSION cfDNA and DII represent a promising diagnostic and prognostic tool in NSCLC. This type of noninvasive liquid biopsy revealed its chance in the screening, early diagnosis, and monitoring of NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nada Ezzeldin
- Chest Diseases, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia El-Lebedy
- Clinical Pathology department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mirhane Hassan
- Clinical Pathology department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | | | | | - Gehan Hamdy
- Chest Diseases, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Mahmoud Mohammed
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer Ramadan
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, Human Genetics and Genomics Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang N, Chang J, Liu P, Tian X, Yu J. Prognostic significance of programmed cell death ligand 1 blood markers in non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1400262. [PMID: 38915398 PMCID: PMC11194356 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1400262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment, but the response rate remains low. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in peripheral blood, including soluble form (sPD-L1), expression on circulating tumor cells (CTCs PD-L1) and exosomes (exoPD-L1), are minimally invasive and promising markers for patient selection and management, but their prognostic significance remains inconclusive. Here, we performed a meta-analysis for the prognostic value of PD-L1 blood markers in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs. Methods Eligible studies were obtained by searching PubMed, EMBAS, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library prior to November 30, 2023. The associations between pre-treatment, post-treatment and dynamic changes of blood PD-L1 levels and progression-free survival (PFS)/over survival (OS) were analyzed by estimating hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results A total of 26 studies comprising 1606 patients were included. High pre- or post-treatment sPD-L1 levels were significantly associated with worse PFS (pre-treatment: HR=1.49, 95%CI 1.13-1.95; post-treatment: HR=2.09, 95%CI 1.40-3.12) and OS (pre-treatment: HR=1.83, 95%CI 1.25-2.67; post-treatment: HR=2.60, 95%CI 1.09-6.20, P=0.032). High pre-treatment exoPD-L1 levels predicted a worse PFS (HR=4.24, 95%CI 2.82-6.38, P<0.001). Pre-treatment PD-L1+ CTCs tended to be correlated with prolonged PFS (HR=0.63, 95%CI 0.39-1.02) and OS (HR=0.58, 95%CI 0.36-0.93). Patients with up-regulated exoPD-L1 levels, but not sPD-L1, after ICIs treatment had significantly favorable PFS (HR=0.36, 95%CI 0.23-0.55) and OS (HR=0.24, 95%CI 0.08-0.68). Conclusion PD-L1 blood markers, including sPD-L1, CTCs PD-L1 and exoPD-L1, can effectively predict prognosis, and may be potentially utilized for patient selection and treatment management for NSCLC patients receiving ICIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Junyan Yu
- Department of Oncology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Raghani RM, Urie RR, Ma JA, Escalona G, Schrack IA, DiLillo KM, Kandagatla P, Decker JT, Morris AH, Arnold KB, Jeruss JS, Shea LD. Engineered Immunologic Niche Monitors Checkpoint Blockade Response and Probes Mechanisms of Resistance. IMMUNOMEDICINE 2024; 4:e1052. [PMID: 39246390 PMCID: PMC11376346 DOI: 10.1002/imed.1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Antibodies to programmed cell death protein1 (anti-PD-1) have become a promising immunotherapy for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), blocking PD-L1 signaling from pro-tumor cells through T cell PD-1 receptor binding. Nevertheless, only 10-20% of PD-L1+ metastatic TNBC patients who meet criteria benefit from ICB, and biomarkers to predict patient response have been elusive. We have previously developed an immunological niche, consisting of a microporous implant in the subcutaneous space, that supports tissue formation whose immune composition is consistent with that within vital organs. Herein, we investigated dynamic gene expression within this immunological niche to provide biomarkers of response to anti-PD-1. In a 4T1 model of metastatic TNBC, we observed sensitivity and resistance to anti-PD-1 based on primary tumor growth and survival. The niche was biopsied before, during, and after anti-PD-1 therapy, and analyzed for cell types and gene expression indicative of treatment refractivity. Myeloid cell-to-lymphocyte ratios were altered between ICB-sensitivity and resistance. Longitudinal analysis of gene expression implicated dynamic myeloid cell function that stratified sensitivity from resistance. A niche-derived gene signature predicted sensitivity or resistance prior to therapy. Analysis of the niche to monitor immunotherapy response presents a new opportunity to personalize care and investigate mechanisms underlying treatment resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi M Raghani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Russell R Urie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey A Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Guillermo Escalona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ian A Schrack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Katarina M DiLillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Joseph T Decker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Aaron H Morris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kelly B Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jacqueline S Jeruss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang H, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Cao H, Mao J, Chen X, Wang L, Zhang N, Luo P, Xue J, Qi X, Dong X, Liu G, Cheng Q. Liquid biopsy for human cancer: cancer screening, monitoring, and treatment. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e564. [PMID: 38807975 PMCID: PMC11130638 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, tumor treatment modalities such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy have more stringent requirements for obtaining tumor growth information and require more accurate and easy-to-operate tumor information detection methods. Compared with traditional tissue biopsy, liquid biopsy is a novel, minimally invasive, real-time detection tool for detecting information directly or indirectly released by tumors in human body fluids, which is more suitable for the requirements of new tumor treatment modalities. Liquid biopsy has not been widely used in clinical practice, and there are fewer reviews of related clinical applications. This review summarizes the clinical applications of liquid biopsy components (e.g., circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, extracellular vesicles, etc.) in tumorigenesis and progression. This includes the development process and detection techniques of liquid biopsies, early screening of tumors, tumor growth detection, and guiding therapeutic strategies (liquid biopsy-based personalized medicine and prediction of treatment response). Finally, the current challenges and future directions for clinical applications of liquid biopsy are proposed. In sum, this review will inspire more researchers to use liquid biopsy technology to promote the realization of individualized therapy, improve the efficacy of tumor therapy, and provide better therapeutic options for tumor patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of PsychiatryThe School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
- Department of PsychiatryBrain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province)ChangshaChina
| | - Jinning Mao
- Health Management CenterThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Liangchi Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryFengdu People's Hospital, ChongqingChongqingChina
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of OncologyZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ji Xue
- Department of NeurosurgeryTraditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Dianjiang ChongqingChongqingChina
| | - Xiaoya Qi
- Health Management CenterThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiancheng Dong
- Department of Cerebrovascular DiseasesDazhou Central HospitalSichuanChina
| | - Guodong Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Qiao Z, Teng X, Liu A, Yang W. Novel Isolating Approaches to Circulating Tumor Cell Enrichment Based on Microfluidics: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:706. [PMID: 38930676 PMCID: PMC11206030 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), derived from the primary tumor and carrying genetic information, contribute significantly to the process of tumor metastasis. The analysis and detection of CTCs can be used to assess the prognosis and treatment response in patients with tumors, as well as to help study the metastatic mechanisms of tumors and the development of new drugs. Since CTCs are very rare in the blood, it is a challenging problem to enrich CTCs efficiently. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of microfluidics-based enrichment devices for CTCs in recent years. We explore in detail the methods of enrichment based on the physical or biological properties of CTCs; among them, physical properties cover factors such as size, density, and dielectric properties, while biological properties are mainly related to tumor-specific markers on the surface of CTCs. In addition, we provide an in-depth description of the methods for enrichment of single CTCs and illustrate the importance of single CTCs for performing tumor analyses. Future research will focus on aspects such as improving the separation efficiency, reducing costs, and increasing the detection sensitivity and accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zezheng Qiao
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.Q.); (X.T.)
| | - Xiangyu Teng
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.Q.); (X.T.)
| | - Anqin Liu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Yantai Institute of Technology, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.Q.); (X.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dong Z, Wang Y, Xu G, Liu B, Wang Y, Reboud J, Jajesniak P, Yan S, Ma P, Liu F, Zhou Y, Jin Z, Yang K, Huang Z, Zhuo M, Jia B, Fang J, Zhang P, Wu N, Yang M, Cooper JM, Chang L. Genetic and phenotypic profiling of single living circulating tumor cells from patients with microfluidics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315168121. [PMID: 38683997 PMCID: PMC11087790 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315168121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate prediction of the efficacy of immunotherapy for cancer patients through the characterization of both genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in individual patient cells holds great promise in informing targeted treatments, and ultimately in improving care pathways and clinical outcomes. Here, we describe the nanoplatform for interrogating living cell host-gene and (micro-)environment (NICHE) relationships, that integrates micro- and nanofluidics to enable highly efficient capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples. The platform uses a unique nanopore-enhanced electrodelivery system that efficiently and rapidly integrates stable multichannel fluorescence probes into living CTCs for in situ quantification of target gene expression, while on-chip coculturing of CTCs with immune cells allows for the real-time correlative quantification of their phenotypic heterogeneities in response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). The NICHE microfluidic device provides a unique ability to perform both gene expression and phenotypic analysis on the same single cells in situ, allowing us to generate a predictive index for screening patients who could benefit from ICI. This index, which simultaneously integrates the heterogeneity of single cellular responses for both gene expression and phenotype, was validated by clinically tracing 80 non-small cell lung cancer patients, demonstrating significantly higher AUC (area under the curve) (0.906) than current clinical reference for immunotherapy prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaizai Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Yusen Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Gaolian Xu
- Shanghai Sci-Tech InnoCenter for Infection and Immunity, Shanghai200438, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing100142, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Julien Reboud
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8LTGlasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Pawel Jajesniak
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8LTGlasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Shi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing100142, China
| | - Pingchuan Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Yuhao Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Zhiyuan Jin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Kuan Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Zhaocun Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
| | - Minglei Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing100142, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing100142, China
| | - Jian Fang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing100142, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing100142, China
| | - Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing100142, China
| | - Mingzhu Yang
- Beijing Research Institute of Mechanical Equipment, Beijing100143, China
| | - Jonathan M. Cooper
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8LTGlasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lingqian Chang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Medical University, Hefei230032, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nosaka T, Murata Y, Akazawa Y, Tanaka T, Takahashi K, Naito T, Matsuda H, Ohtani M, Imamura Y, Nakamoto Y. Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression in Circulating Tumor Cells as a Predictor and Monitor of Response to Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab Treatment in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1785. [PMID: 38730737 PMCID: PMC11083531 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
There remains no reliable biomarker of therapeutic efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for the PD-L1 inhibitor atezolizumab and bevacizumab (Atezo/Bev). Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) enable the serial collection of living tumor cells. Pre-treatment and serial CTC gene expression changes and tumor histology were evaluated to identify predictors of response to Atezo/Bev. Peripheral blood from 22 patients with HCC treated with Atezo/Bev and 24 patients treated with lenvatinib was serially collected. The RNA expression in CTCs was analyzed using qRT-PCR. Higher PD-L1 expression in pre-treatment CTCs was associated with response and improved prognosis with Atezo/Bev treatment, but not with lenvatinib. There was no correlation between PD-L1 expression in CTCs and that in liver tumor biopsy specimens scored using imaging software. Furthermore, PD-L1 RNA expression in CTCs was dynamically altered by Atezo/Bev, decreasing during effective response and increasing upon progression. CTC-derived RNA collected during Atezo/Bev indicates that patients with higher PD-L1 expression in CTCs at baseline were 3.9 times more responsive to treatment. Therefore, PD-L1 RNA levels in CTCs are an accurate response predictor and may be a monitorable biomarker that changes dynamically to reflect the response during Atezo/Bev treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Nosaka
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.); (T.T.); (K.T.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Yosuke Murata
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.); (T.T.); (K.T.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Yu Akazawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.); (T.T.); (K.T.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.); (T.T.); (K.T.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Kazuto Takahashi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.); (T.T.); (K.T.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Tatsushi Naito
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.); (T.T.); (K.T.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Hidetaka Matsuda
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.); (T.T.); (K.T.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Masahiro Ohtani
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.); (T.T.); (K.T.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Yoshiaki Imamura
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology/Surgical Pathology, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui 910-1193, Japan;
| | - Yasunari Nakamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; (T.N.); (Y.M.); (Y.A.); (T.T.); (K.T.); (T.N.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Spagnolo CC, Pepe F, Ciappina G, Nucera F, Ruggeri P, Squeri A, Speranza D, Silvestris N, Malapelle U, Santarpia M. Circulating biomarkers as predictors of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC: Are we on the right path? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 197:104332. [PMID: 38580184 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICIs) have markedly improved the therapeutic management of advanced NSCLC and, more recently, they have demonstrated efficacy also in the early-stage disease. Despite better survival outcomes with ICIs compared to standard chemotherapy, a large proportion of patients can derive limited clinical benefit from these agents. So far, few predictive biomarkers, including the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), have been introduced in clinical practice. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers to select patients for immunotherapy, to improve efficacy and avoid unnecessary toxicity. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in antitumor immunity and advances in the field of liquid biopsy have led to the identification of a wide range of circulating biomarkers that could potentially predict response to immunotherapy. Herein, we provide an updated overview of these circulating biomarkers, focusing on emerging data from clinical studies and describing modern technologies used for their detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calogera Claudia Spagnolo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina 98122, Italy
| | - Francesco Pepe
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ciappina
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina 98122, Italy
| | - Francesco Nucera
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Imaging (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Messina 98122, Italy
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Imaging (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Messina 98122, Italy
| | - Andrea Squeri
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina 98122, Italy
| | - Desirèe Speranza
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina 98122, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina 98122, Italy
| | - Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina 98122, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tricarico P, Chardin D, Martin N, Contu S, Hugonnet F, Otto J, Humbert O. Total metabolic tumor volume on 18F-FDG PET/CT is a game-changer for patients with metastatic lung cancer treated with immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e007628. [PMID: 38649279 PMCID: PMC11043703 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Because of atypical response imaging patterns in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs), new biomarkers are needed for a better monitoring of treatment efficacy. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the prognostic value of volume-derived positron-emission tomography (PET) parameters on baseline and follow-up 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose PET (18F-FDG-PET) scans and compare it with the conventional PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST). METHODS Patients with metastatic NSCLC were included in two different single-center prospective trials. 18F-FDG-PET studies were performed before the start of immunotherapy (PETbaseline), after 6-8 weeks (PETinterim1) and after 12-16 weeks (PETinterim2) of treatment, using PERCIST criteria for tumor response assessment. Different metabolic parameters were evaluated: absolute values of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the most intense lesion, total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), but also their percentage changes between PET studies (ΔSUVmax, ΔTMTV and ΔTLG). The median follow-up of patients was 31 (7.3-31.8) months. Prognostic values and optimal thresholds of PET parameters were estimated by ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve analysis of 12-month overall survival (12M-OS) and 6-month progression-free survival (6M-PFS). Tumor progression needed to be confirmed by a multidisciplinary tumor board, considering atypical response patterns on imaging. RESULTS 110 patients were prospectively included. On PETbaseline, TMTV was predictive of 12M-OS [AUC (Area Under Curve) =0.64; 95% CI: 0.61 to 0.66] whereas SUVmax and TLG were not. On PETinterim1 and PETinterim2, all metabolic parameters were predictive for 12M-OS and 6M-PFS, the residual TMTV on PETinterim1 (TMTV1) being the strongest prognostic biomarker (AUC=0.83 and 0.82; 95% CI: 0.74 to 0.91, for 12M-OS and 6M-PFS, respectively). Using the optimal threshold by ROC curve to classify patients into three TMTV1 subgroups (0 cm3; 0-57 cm3; >57 cm3), TMTV1 prognostic stratification was independent of PERCIST criteria on both PFS and OS, and significantly outperformed them. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that TMTV1 remained a strong prognostic biomarker of 12M-OS for non-responding patients (p=0.0003) according to PERCIST criteria. In the specific group of patients with PERCIST progression on PETinterim1, low residual tumor volume (<57 cm3) was still associated with a very favorable patients' outcome (6M-PFS=73%; 24M-OS=55%). CONCLUSION The absolute value of residual metabolic tumor volume, assessed 6-8 weeks after the start of ICPI, is an optimal and independent prognostic measure, exceeding and complementing conventional PERCIST criteria. Oncologists should consider it in patients with first tumor progression according to PERCIST criteria, as it helps identify patients who benefit from continued treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER 2018-A02116-49; NCT03584334.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Tricarico
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - David Chardin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, Nice, France
- IBV, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Nice, France
| | - Nicolas Martin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Sara Contu
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Florent Hugonnet
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Princesse Grâce, Monaco
| | - Josiane Otto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Olivier Humbert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, Nice, France
- IBV, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Nice, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tsai YT, Schlom J, Donahue RN. Blood-based biomarkers in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint blockade. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:82. [PMID: 38493133 PMCID: PMC10944611 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-02969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The paradigm of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment has been profoundly influenced by the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), but the range of clinical responses observed among patients poses significant challenges. To date, analyses of tumor biopsies are the only parameter used to guide prognosis to ICI therapy. Tumor biopsies, however, are often difficult to obtain and tissue-based biomarkers are limited by intratumoral heterogeneity and temporal variability. In response, there has been a growing emphasis on the development of "liquid biopsy"‒ derived biomarkers, which offer a minimally invasive means to dynamically monitor the immune status of NSCLC patients either before and/or during the course of treatment. Here we review studies in which multiple blood-based biomarkers encompassing circulating soluble analytes, immune cell subsets, circulating tumor DNA, blood-based tumor mutational burden, and circulating tumor cells have shown promising associations with the clinical response of NSCLC patients to ICI therapy. These investigations have unveiled compelling correlations between the peripheral immune status of patients both before and during ICI therapy and patient outcomes, which include response rates, progression-free survival, and overall survival. There is need for rigorous validation and standardization of these blood-based assays for broader clinical application. Integration of multiple blood-based biomarkers into comprehensive panels or algorithms also has the potential to enhance predictive accuracy. Further research aimed at longitudinal monitoring of circulating biomarkers is also crucial to comprehend immune dynamics and resistance mechanisms and should be used alongside tissue-based methods that interrogate the tumor microenvironment to guide treatment decisions and may inform on the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The data reviewed here reinforce the opportunity to refine patient stratification, optimize treatments, and improve outcomes not only in NSCLC but also in the wider spectrum of solid tumors undergoing immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Ting Tsai
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Schlom
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Renee N Donahue
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Su X, Zhou C, Chen S, Ma Q, Xiao H, Chen Q, Zou H. Prognosis value of circulating tumor cell PD‑L1 and baseline characteristics in patients with NSCLC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors plus platinum‑containing drugs. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:131. [PMID: 38362233 PMCID: PMC10867731 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with platinum-containing chemotherapy are recommended as the standard first-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, specific prognostic markers for this combination therapy are yet to be identified. Evaluation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell surface programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) exhibits potential in predicting the efficacy of the aforementioned combination therapy. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of CTC PD-L1 testing and other clinical characteristics in patients with NSCLC treated with combination therapy as first-line treatment. In total, 40 patients with advanced NSCLC were included in the present study, and all patients underwent CTC PD-L1 testing at initial diagnosis to determine the association between CTC PD-L1 and tissue PD-L1. The prognostic value of CTC PD-L1 and the baseline characteristics of 26 patients with NSCLC were analyzed, and the prognostic values of changes in CTC PD-L1 and baseline characteristics during 6 months of treatment were further explored. Results of the present study demonstrated that there was no association between CTC PD-L1 and tissue PD-L1 levels. After 6 months of combination therapy, tumor shrinkage, CYFA19 levels and treatment maintenance were associated with progression-free survival (PFS) of patients. Notably, CTC PD-L1 and tissue PD-L1 levels, TNM stage, nutritional score, inflammation score and other blood indicators were not associated with PFS. In conclusion, the evaluation of CTCs and CTC PD-L1 suggested that undetectable CTCs at 6 months of NSCLC treatment are associated with a good prognosis. In addition, negative CTC PD-L1 expression may change to positive CTC PD-L1 expression in line with disease progression, and this may be indicative of poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Su
- Department of Oncology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of People's Liberation Army (Chongqing Daping Hospital), Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Ci Zhou
- Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of People's Liberation Army (Chongqing Daping Hospital), Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of People's Liberation Army (Chongqing Daping Hospital), Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of People's Liberation Army (Chongqing Daping Hospital), Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - He Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of People's Liberation Army (Chongqing Daping Hospital), Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Oncology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of People's Liberation Army (Chongqing Daping Hospital), Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zou
- Department of Oncology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of People's Liberation Army (Chongqing Daping Hospital), Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schöne N, Kemper M, Menck K, Evers G, Krekeler C, Schulze AB, Lenz G, Wardelmann E, Binder C, Bleckmann A. PD-L1 on large extracellular vesicles is a predictive biomarker for therapy response in tissue PD-L1-low and -negative patients with non-small cell lung cancer. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12418. [PMID: 38453684 PMCID: PMC10920108 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). High expression of tissue PD-L1 (tPD-L1) is currently the only approved biomarker for predicting treatment response. However, even tPD-L1 low (1-49%) and absent (<1%) patients might benefit from immunotherapy but, to date, there is no reliable biomarker, that can predict response in this particular patient subgroup. This study aimed to test whether tumour-associated extracellular vesicles (EVs) could fill this gap. Using NSCLC cell lines, we identified a panel of tumour-related antigens that were enriched on large EVs (lEVs) compared to smaller EVs. The levels of lEVs carrying these antigens were significantly elevated in plasma of NSCLC patients (n = 108) and discriminated them from controls (n = 77). Among the tested antigens, we focused on programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is a well-known direct target for immunotherapy. In plasma lEVs, PD-L1 was mainly found on a population of CD45- /CD62P+ lEVs and thus seemed to be associated with platelet-derived vesicles. Patients with high baseline levels of PD-L1+ lEVs in blood showed a significantly better response to immunotherapy and prolonged survival. This was particularly true in the subgroup of NSCLC patients with low or absent tPD-L1 expression, thus identifying PD-L1-positive lEVs in plasma as a novel predictive and prognostic marker for immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Schöne
- University of Münster, Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and PneumologyMünsterGermany
- University Hospital Münster, West German Cancer CenterMünsterGermany
| | - Marcel Kemper
- University of Münster, Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and PneumologyMünsterGermany
- University Hospital Münster, West German Cancer CenterMünsterGermany
| | - Kerstin Menck
- University of Münster, Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and PneumologyMünsterGermany
- University Hospital Münster, West German Cancer CenterMünsterGermany
| | - Georg Evers
- University of Münster, Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and PneumologyMünsterGermany
- University Hospital Münster, West German Cancer CenterMünsterGermany
| | - Carolin Krekeler
- University of Münster, Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and PneumologyMünsterGermany
- University Hospital Münster, West German Cancer CenterMünsterGermany
| | - Arik Bernard Schulze
- University of Münster, Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and PneumologyMünsterGermany
- University Hospital Münster, West German Cancer CenterMünsterGermany
| | - Georg Lenz
- University of Münster, Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and PneumologyMünsterGermany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- University of Münster, Gerhard‐Domagk‐Institute of PathologyMünsterGermany
| | - Claudia Binder
- University Medicine Göttingen, Clinic for Hematology/Medical OncologyGöttingenGermany
| | - Annalen Bleckmann
- University of Münster, Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and PneumologyMünsterGermany
- University Hospital Münster, West German Cancer CenterMünsterGermany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Purcell E, Niu Z, Owen S, Grzesik M, Radomski A, Kaehr A, Onukwugha NE, Winkler HF, Ramnath N, Lawrence T, Jolly S, Nagrath S. Circulating tumor cells reveal early predictors of disease progression in patients with stage III NSCLC undergoing chemoradiation and immunotherapy. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113687. [PMID: 38261515 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are early signs of metastasis and can be used to monitor disease progression well before radiological detection by imaging. Using an ultrasensitive graphene oxide microfluidic chip nanotechnology built with graphene oxide sheets, we were able to demonstrate that CTCs can be specifically isolated and molecularly characterized to predict future progression in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We analyzed CTCs from 26 patients at six time points throughout the treatment course of chemoradiation followed by immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. We observed that CTCs decreased significantly during treatment, where a larger decrease in CTCs predicted a significantly longer progression-free survival time. Durvalumab-treated patients who have future progression were observed to have sustained higher programmed death ligand 1+ CTCs compared to stable patients. Gene expression profiling revealed phenotypically aggressive CTCs during chemoradiation. By using emerging innovative bioengineering approaches, we successfully show that CTCs are potential biomarkers to monitor and predict patient outcomes in patients with stage III NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Purcell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zeqi Niu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sarah Owen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Madeline Grzesik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Abigail Radomski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anna Kaehr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nna-Emeka Onukwugha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Nithya Ramnath
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Theodore Lawrence
- Michigan Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Shruti Jolly
- Michigan Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Murray NP. Biomarkers of minimal residual disease and treatment. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 119:33-70. [PMID: 38514211 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Minimal residual disease (MRD) has been defined as a very small numbers of cancer cells that remain in the body after curative treatment. Its presence or absence will ultimately determine prognosis. With the introduction of new technologies the presence of MRD in patients with solid tumours can be detected and characterized. As MRD predicts future relapse, be it early or late treatment failure, in an otherwise asymptomatic patient its treatment and when to start treatment remains to be determined. Thus the concepts of personalized medicine using different biomarkers to classify the biological properties of MRD maybe come possible. Based on this determinations it may be possible to use targeted therapies rather than all patients with the same type of cancer receiving a standard treatment. However, it is important to understand the limitations of the different technologies, what these techniques are detecting and how they may help in the treatment of patients with cancer. The majority of published studies are in patients with metastatic cancer and there are few reports in patients with MRD. In this chapter the concept of MRD, the methods used to detect it and what treatments may be effective based on the biological characteristics of the tumour cells as determined by different biomarkers is reviewed. MRD depends on the phenotypic properties of the tumour cells to survive in their new environment and the anti-tumour immune response. This is a dynamic process and changes with time in the wake of immunosuppression caused by the tumour cells and/or the effects of treatment to select resistant tumour cells. With the use of biomarkers to typify the characteristics of MRD and the development of new drugs a personalized treatment can be designed rather than all patients given the same treatment. Patients who are initially negative for MRD may not require further treatment with liquid biopsies used to monitor the patients during follow-up in order to detect those patients who may become MRD positive. The liquid biopsy used during the follow up of MRD positive patients can be used to detect changes in the biological properties of the tumour cells and thus may need treatment changes to overcome tumour cell resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel P Murray
- Minimal Residual Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen JL, Guo L, Wu ZY, He K, Li H, Yang C, Han YW. Prognostic value of circulating tumor cells combined with neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:372-385. [PMID: 38425405 PMCID: PMC10900146 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i2.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cell (CTC) count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are both closely associated with the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AIM To investigate the prognostic value of combining these two indicators in HCC. METHODS Clinical data were collected from patients with advanced HCC who received immune therapy combined with targeted therapy at the Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China, from 2021 to 2023. The optimal cutoff values for CTC programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) (+) > 1 or CTC PD-L1 (+) ≤ 1 and NLR > 3.89 or NLR ≤ 3.89 were evaluated using X-Tile software. Patients were categorized into three groups based on CTC PD-L1 (+) counts and NLR: CTC-NLR (0), CTC-NLR (1), and CTC-NLR (2). The relationship between CTC-NLR and clinical variables as well as survival rates was assessed. RESULTS Patients with high CTC PD-L1 (+) expression or NLR at baseline had shorter median progression-free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS) than those with low levels of CTC PD-L1 (+) or NLR (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, patients in the CTC-NLR (2) group showed a significant decrease in mPFS and mOS. Cox regression analysis revealed that alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), CTC PD-L1 (+), and CTC-NLR were independent predictors of OS. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the area under the curve of CTC-NLR at 12 months (0.821) and 18 months (0.821) was superior to that of AFP and CTC PD-L1 (+). CONCLUSION HCC patients with high CTC PD-L1 (+) or NLR expression tend to exhibit poor prognosis, and a high baseline CTC-NLR score may indicate low survival. CTC-NLR may serve as an effective prognostic indicator for patients with advanced HCC receiving immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhen-Ying Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kun He
- Clinical Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chi Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Meguiar's Medical Beauty Hospital, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yun-Wei Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bandini S, Ulivi P, Rossi T. Extracellular Vesicles, Circulating Tumor Cells, and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Hints and Promises. Cells 2024; 13:337. [PMID: 38391950 PMCID: PMC10887032 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer, in particular lung cancer, while the introduction of predictive biomarkers from liquid biopsies has emerged as a promising tool to achieve an effective and personalized therapy response. Important progress has also been made in the molecular characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs), highlighting their tremendous potential in modulating the tumor microenvironment, acting on immunomodulatory pathways, and setting up the pre-metastatic niche. Surface antigens on EVs and CTCs have proved to be particularly useful in the case of the characterization of potential immune escape mechanisms through the expression of immunosuppressive ligands or the transport of cargos that may mitigate the antitumor immune function. On the other hand, novel approaches, to increase the expression of immunostimulatory molecules or cargo contents that can enhance the immune response, offer premium options in combinatorial clinical strategies for precision immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the identification of immune checkpoints using EVs and CTCs, their potential applications as predictive biomarkers for ICI therapy, and their prospective use as innovative clinical tools, considering that CTCs have already been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use, but providing good reasons to intensify the research on both.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.B.); (T.R.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li L, Jiang H, Zeng B, Wang X, Bao Y, Chen C, Ma L, Yuan J. Liquid biopsy in lung cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 554:117757. [PMID: 38184141 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy worldwide and the primary cause of mortality. The absence of systematic and standardized diagnostic approaches for identifying potential pulmonary nodules, early-stage cancers, and indeterminate tumors has led clinicians to consider tissue biopsy and pathological sections as the preferred method for clinical diagnosis, often regarded as the gold standard. The conventional tissue biopsy is an invasive procedure that does not adequately capture the diverse characteristics and evolving nature of tumors. Recently, the concept of 'liquid biopsy' has gained considerable attention as a promising solution. Liquid biopsy is a non-invasive approach that facilitates repeated analysis, enabling real-time monitoring of tumor recurrence, metastasis, and response to treatment. Currently, liquid biopsy includes circulating tumor cells, circulating cell-free DNA, circulating tumor DNA, circulating cell-free RNA, extracellular vesicles, and other proteins and metabolites. With rapid progress in molecular technology, liquid biopsy has emerged as a highly promising and intriguing approach, yielding compelling results. This article critically examines the significant role and potential clinical implications of liquid biopsy in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China, Shanghai 200030, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haixia Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Bingjie Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xianzhao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yunxia Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Changqiang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Jin Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China, Shanghai 200030, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Acheampong E, Allsopp RC, Page K, Wadsley MK, Beasley AB, Coombes RC, Shaw JA, Gray ES. Meta-Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cell PD-L1 Expression and the Association with Clinical Outcomes in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Chem 2024; 70:234-249. [PMID: 38175603 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has been suggested to provide prognostic information in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but consensus relative to treatment outcomes is lacking. We conducted the first comprehensive meta-analysis exploring its potential as a prognostic and predictive marker, and assessed the concordance between PD-L1 + CTCs and paired tumor tissue in NSCLC patients. METHOD A comprehensive search was applied to PubMed and EMBASE to identify 26 studies that evaluated PD-L1 + CTCs and their association with survival outcomes in 1236 NSCLC patients. RESULTS The meta-analysis estimated a mean PD-L1 + CTCs detection rate of 61% (95% CI, 49-72). Subgroup analysis based on treatment showed that PD-L1 + CTCs was not significantly associated with better overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.96, 95% CI, 0.35-2.65, P = 0.944), but was predictive of worse OS in those treated with other therapies (HR = 2.11, 95% CI, 1.32-3.36, P = 0.002). Similarly, PD-L1 + CTCs was not significantly associated with superior progressing free survival (PFS) in NSCLCs treated with ICIs (HR = 0.67, 95% CI, 0.41-1.09, P = 0.121), but was significantly associated with shorter PFS in patients treated with other therapies (HR = 1.91, 95% CI, 1.24-2.94, P = 0.001). The overall estimate for the concordance between PD-L1 expression on CTCs and tumor cells was 63% (95% CI, 44-80). CONCLUSION The average detection rate of PD-L1 + CTCs was comparable to the rate of PD-L1 expression in NSCLC tumors. There was a trend towards better PFS in ICI-treated NSCLC patients with PD-L1 + CTCs. Larger longitudinal studies on the association of PD-L1 + CTCs with clinical outcomes in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Acheampong
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetic and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Institute of Precision Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C Allsopp
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetic and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Institute of Precision Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Page
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetic and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Institute of Precision Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Marc K Wadsley
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetic and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Institute of Precision Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron B Beasley
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - R Charles Coombes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqui A Shaw
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetic and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Institute of Precision Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Elin S Gray
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chong X, Li Y, Lu J, Feng X, Li Y, Zhang X. Tracking circulating PD-L1-positive cells to monitor the outcome of patients with gastric cancer receiving anti-HER2 plus anti-PD-1 therapy. Hum Cell 2024; 37:258-270. [PMID: 37889437 PMCID: PMC10764514 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Dual blockade of HER2 and PD-1/PD-L1 is the most promising regimen for HER2-positive patients with gastric cancer (GC); PD-L1 combined positive score, rather than HER2 status, indicates potential benefit. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating endothelial cells (CECs) derived from the tumor microenvironment provide platforms for the dynamic evaluation of PD-L1 expression. Whether PD-L1 positive CTCs/CECs (PD-L1+CTCs/CECs) can serve as biomarkers for evaluating the efficacy of combination therapy remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigated PD-L1 expression and heterogeneous karyotypic features of CTCs/CECs and their involvement in the clinical response to treatment in 72 patients with advanced GC by applying a pre-established surface molecule-independent subtraction enrichment (SE)-iFISH strategy. In the captured PD-L1 positive cells, there were 42.80% and 57.20% of CTCs and CECs, respectively. PD-L1+ CTCs were pre-therapeutically detected in 0% (0/11) of HER2-negative patients and 14.75% (9/61) of HER2-positive patients. The presence of baseline PD-L1+CTCs was relevant to inferior prognosis (mPFS: 14.40 months vs 5.00 months, P = 0.065); post-treatment PD-L1+ CECs were associated with longer irPFS (immunotherapeutic-related PFS) (mPFS: 15.57 months vs 6.73 months, P = 0.053). Further dynamic karyotype-based profiling of PD-L1+ CTCs/CECs indicated that multiploidy and triploidy were the dominant subtypes of baseline PD-L1+ CTCs, and that triploidy was specifically associated with therapeutic resistance. Intratherapeutically detected multiploid PD-L1+ CECs demonstrated a superior clinical response; triploidy and tetraploidy contributed to acquired resistance. The karyotypic features of PD-L1+CTCs/CECs should be dynamically profiled in patients with GC treated with anti-HER2 plus anti-PD-1 therapy. Triploid-PD-L1+ CTCs and multiploid-PD-L1+ CECs are potential indicators of therapeutic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Chong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jialin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xujiao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Deng Q, Jiang B, Yan H, Wu J, Cao Z. Circulating tumor cells in gastric cancer: developments and clinical applications. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4385-4399. [PMID: 37548815 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which are shed from primary tumor or metastatic sites into the bloodstream and subsequently seed into distant tissues, are considered as the precursors of metastases. Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly heterogeneous malignant tumor. With regard to the diagnosis of GC, secondary pathological biopsy is difficult, while invasive examination is harmful to patients. In recent years, CTCs have made great progress in tumor diagnosis, prognosis prediction, efficacy detection and treatment guidance, but the research on the role of CTCs in GC remains limited. The following sections review the landmark studies demonstrating the technical approaches of CTCs monitoring in the field of GC. Moreover, we highlight the clinical application of CTCs numbers and phenotypes in monitoring the therapeutic efficacy and judging patient prognosis by sequential blood analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Deng
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haijiao Yan
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenzhen Cao
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cui M, Wan Z, Yang J, Liao D, Yang Y, Xiang Y. Diagnostic value of programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression on circulating tumor cells in lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Biol Markers 2023; 38:159-166. [PMID: 37545433 DOI: 10.1177/03936155231192674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on circulating tumor cells offers a noninvasive method for the detection of PD-L1 expression in lung cancer, and could serve as a potential surrogate for cancer tissue. However, discrepant results make it difficult to apply PD-L1 on circulating tumor cells to clinical practice. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the diagnostic value of PD-L1 on circulating tumor cells in lung cancer. To identify the relationship between the expression of PD-L1 on circulating tumor cells and lung cancer, the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases were searched from inception to March 2023. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess the diagnostic performance of PD-L1. We also conducted subgroup and sensitivity analyses. A total of 11 studies including 472 lung cancer patients were included in our study. The overall performance in terms of pooled sensitivity and specificity was 0.72 (0.52-0.86) and 0.54 (0.25-0.81), respectively. The positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and area under the curve were 1.57 (0.87-2.84), 0.52 (0.30-0.90), and 0.70 (0.66-0.74), respectively. Deeks' funnel plot test indicated no publication bias. Our analysis demonstrated that positive PD-L1 expression on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) exhibited a moderate diagnostic value in lung cancer, and CTCs may serve as a feasible alternative tissue analysis for the detection of PD-L1 in lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cui
- Laboratory Department, People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhiyong Wan
- Laboratory Department, People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Laboratory Department, People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dan Liao
- Laboratory Department, People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Laboratory Department, People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yin Xiang
- Laboratory Department, People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Andrikou K, Rossi T, Verlicchi A, Priano I, Cravero P, Burgio MA, Crinò L, Bandini S, Ulivi P, Delmonte A. Circulating Tumour Cells: Detection and Application in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16085. [PMID: 38003273 PMCID: PMC10671094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. Tissue biopsy is the current gold standard for the diagnosis and molecular profiling of NSCLC. However, this approach presents some limitations due to inadequate tissue sampling, and intra- and intertumour heterogenicity. Liquid biopsy is a noninvasive method to determine cancer-related biomarkers in peripheral blood, and can be repeated at multiple timepoints. One of the most studied approaches to liquid biopsies is represented by circulating tumour cells (CTCs). Several studies have evaluated the prognostic and predictive role of CTCs in advanced NSCLC. Despite the limitations of these studies, the results of the majority of studies seem to be concordant regarding the correlation between high CTC count and poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC. Similarly, the decrease of CTC count during treatment may represent an important predictive marker of sensitivity to therapy in advanced NSCLC. Furthermore, molecular characterization of CTCs can be used to provide information on tumour biology, and on the mechanisms involved in resistance to targeted treatment. This review will discuss the current status of the clinical utility of CTCs in patients with advanced NSCLC, highlighting their potential application to prognosis and to treatment decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Andrikou
- Medical Oncology Department, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (K.A.); (A.V.); (I.P.); (P.C.); (M.A.B.); (L.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Tania Rossi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.B.); (P.U.)
| | - Alberto Verlicchi
- Medical Oncology Department, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (K.A.); (A.V.); (I.P.); (P.C.); (M.A.B.); (L.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Ilaria Priano
- Medical Oncology Department, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (K.A.); (A.V.); (I.P.); (P.C.); (M.A.B.); (L.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Paola Cravero
- Medical Oncology Department, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (K.A.); (A.V.); (I.P.); (P.C.); (M.A.B.); (L.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Marco Angelo Burgio
- Medical Oncology Department, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (K.A.); (A.V.); (I.P.); (P.C.); (M.A.B.); (L.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Lucio Crinò
- Medical Oncology Department, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (K.A.); (A.V.); (I.P.); (P.C.); (M.A.B.); (L.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Sara Bandini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.B.); (P.U.)
| | - Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (S.B.); (P.U.)
| | - Angelo Delmonte
- Medical Oncology Department, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (K.A.); (A.V.); (I.P.); (P.C.); (M.A.B.); (L.C.); (A.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cui Q, Li W, Wang D, Wang S, Yu J. Prognostic significance of blood-based PD-L1 analysis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:318. [PMID: 37821941 PMCID: PMC10566159 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main types of PD-L1 in the blood include soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1), exosomal PD-L1 (exoPD-L1), and PD-L1 in circulating tumor cells (CTCs). However, the predictive and prognostic values of these three indicators in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy are unclear, warranting a systematic meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) values were extracted from the included studies to investigate the correlation between the three PD-L1 indicators and overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to examine the quality of the included studies. Subgroup analyses were employed to investigate the heterogeneity. The publication bias of the included studies was assessed using Begg's and Egger's tests. P < 0.05 was regarded as significantly different. RESULTS The pooled results revealed that high pre-treatment sPD-L1 levels were significantly associated with inferior OS (HR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.68-3.18, P < 0.001) and PFS (HR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.72-3.68, P < 0.001). However, dynamic changes in sPD-L1 after immunotherapy were not statistically significant for OS (HR = 1.46, 95% CI = 0.65-3.26, P > 0.05) or PFS (HR = 1.62, 95% CI = 0.92-2.86, P > 0.05). Meanwhile, the upregulated pre-treatment exoPD-L1 levels were significantly associated with poor PFS (HR = 4.44, 95% CI = 2.87-6.89, P < 0.001), whereas the post-treatment dynamic upregulation of exoPD-L1 was significantly correlated with superior PFS (HR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.24-0.54, P < 0.001) and OS (HR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.07-0.53, P < 0.001). For PD-L1 in CTCs, the pooled results indicated that PD-L1 expression in CTCs was not significantly correlated with OS (HR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.49-1.13, P = 0.170) and PFS (HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.59-1.06, P = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS Blood-based PD-L1 analysis is a potential strategy for predicting treatment efficacy and prognosis in patients with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cui
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangcui Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianchun Yu
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cai S, Deng Y, Wang Z, Zhu J, Huang C, Du L, Wang C, Yu X, Liu W, Yang C, Wang Z, Wang L, Ma K, Huang R, Zhou X, Zou H, Zhang W, Huang Y, Li Z, Qin T, Xu T, Guo X, Yu Z. Development and clinical validation of a microfluidic-based platform for CTC enrichment and downstream molecular analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1238332. [PMID: 37849806 PMCID: PMC10578963 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1238332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although many CTC isolation and detection methods can provide information on cancer cell counts, downstream gene and protein analysis remain incomplete. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a technology that can provide comprehensive information on both the number and profile of CTC. Methods In this study, we developed a novel microfluidics-based CTC separation and enrichment platform that provided detailed information about CTC. Results This platform exhibits exceptional functionality, achieving high rates of CTC recovery (87.1%) and purification (∼4 log depletion of WBCs), as well as accurate detection (95.10%), providing intact and viable CTCs for downstream analysis. This platform enables successful separation and enrichment of CTCs from a 4 mL whole-blood sample within 15 minutes. Additionally, CTC subtypes, selected protein expression levels on the CTC surface, and target mutations in selected genes can be directly analyzed for clinical utility using immunofluorescence and real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the detected PD-L1 expression in CTCs is consistent with immunohistochemical assay results. Conclusion The microfluidic-based CTC enrichment platform and downstream molecular analysis together provide a possible alternative to tissue biopsy for precision cancer management, especially for patients whose tissue biopsies are unavailable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songhua Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Youjun Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Zhu
- Institute of Cancer Control, Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Chujian Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Longde Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunguang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenyi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenglin Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Heng Zou
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenchong Zhang
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tiaoping Qin
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaotong Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhentao Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yaghoubi Naei V, Bordhan P, Mirakhorli F, Khorrami M, Shrestha J, Nazari H, Kulasinghe A, Ebrahimi Warkiani M. Advances in novel strategies for isolation, characterization, and analysis of CTCs and ctDNA. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231192401. [PMID: 37692363 PMCID: PMC10486235 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231192401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the detection and analysis of liquid biopsy biomarkers such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have advanced significantly. They have received recognition for their clinical usefulness in detecting cancer at an early stage, monitoring disease, and evaluating treatment response. The emergence of liquid biopsy has been a helpful development, as it offers a minimally invasive, rapid, real-time monitoring, and possible alternative to traditional tissue biopsies. In resource-limited settings, the ideal platform for liquid biopsy should not only extract more CTCs or ctDNA from a minimal sample volume but also accurately represent the molecular heterogeneity of the patient's disease. This review covers novel strategies and advancements in CTC and ctDNA-based liquid biopsy platforms, including microfluidic applications and comprehensive analysis of molecular complexity. We discuss these systems' operational principles and performance efficiencies, as well as future opportunities and challenges for their implementation in clinical settings. In addition, we emphasize the importance of integrated platforms that incorporate machine learning and artificial intelligence in accurate liquid biopsy detection systems, which can greatly improve cancer management and enable precision diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Yaghoubi Naei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Pritam Bordhan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Mirakhorli
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Motahare Khorrami
- Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jesus Shrestha
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hojjatollah Nazari
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- Faculty of Medicine, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 1, Broadway, Ultimo New South Wales 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang X, Qiao Z, Aramini B, Lin D, Li X, Fan J. Potential biomarkers for immunotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:661-675. [PMID: 37121931 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
For individuals with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the primary treatment is platinum-based doublet chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), primarily PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4, have been found to be effective in patients with NSCLC who have no EGFR/ALK mutations. Furthermore, ICIs are considered a standard therapy. The quantity of fresh immunogenic antigens discovered by cytotoxic T cells was measured by PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden (TMB), which were the first biomarkers assessed in clinical trials. However, immunotherapy did not have response efficacy markers similar to targeted therapy, highlighting the significance of newly developed biomarkers. This investigation aims to review the research on immunotherapy for NSCLC, focusing primarily on the impact of biomarkers on efficacy prediction to determine whether biomarkers may be utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyun Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES of the Alma Mater Studiorum, G.B. Morgagni-L. Pierantoni Hospital, University of Bologna, Forlì, Italy
| | - Dong Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jiang S, Wang H, Zhu J, Xu X, Chen L, Wang B, Zhou B, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Ma B, Du B, Yang Y. Identify the Clinicopathological Characteristics of Lung Carcinoma Patients Being False Negative in Folate Receptor Based Circulating Tumor Cell Detection. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300055. [PMID: 37330646 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In lung cancer diagnosis, folate receptor (FR)-based circulating tumor cell (CTC) has shown its ability to distinguish malignancy from benign disease to some extent. However, there are still some patients that cannot be identified by FR-based CTC detection. And studies comparing the characteristics between true positive (TP) and false negative (FN) patients are few. Thus, the study comprehensively analyzes the clinicopathological characteristics of FN and TP patients in the current study. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 3420 patients are enrolled. Combining the pathological diagnosis with CTC results, patients are divided into FN and TP groups, and clinicopathological characteristics are compared between two groups. Compared with TP patients, FN patients have smaller tumor, early T stage, early pathological stage, and without lymph node metastasis. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status is different between FN and TP group. And this result is also demonstrated in lung adenocarcinoma subgroup but not in lung squamous cell carcinoma subgroup. Tumor size, T stage, pathological stage, lymph node metastasis, and EGFR mutation status may influence the accuracy of FR-based CTC detection in lung cancer. However, further prospective studies are needed to confirm the findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siming Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Junjie Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xinnan Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Linsong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuming Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhemin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Benting Ma
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bin Du
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Santini D, Botticelli A, Galvano A, Iuliani M, Incorvaia L, Gristina V, Taffon C, Foderaro S, Paccagnella E, Simonetti S, Fazio F, Scagnoli S, Pomati G, Pantano F, Perrone G, De Falco E, Russo A, Spinelli GP. Network approach in liquidomics landscape. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:193. [PMID: 37542343 PMCID: PMC10401883 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-based biopsy is the present main tool to explore the molecular landscape of cancer, but it also has many limits to be frequently executed, being too invasive with the risk of side effects. These limits and the ability of cancer to constantly evolve its genomic profile, have recently led to the need of a less invasive and more accurate alternative, such as liquid biopsy. By searching Circulating Tumor Cells and residues of their nucleic acids or other tumor products in body fluids, especially in blood, but also in urine, stools and saliva, liquid biopsy is becoming the future of clinical oncology. Despite the current lack of a standardization for its workflows, that makes it hard to be reproduced, liquid biopsy has already obtained promising results for cancer screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and risk of recurrence.Through a more accessible molecular profiling of tumors, it could become easier to identify biomarkers predictive of response to treatment, such as EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer and KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer, or Microsatellite Instability and Mismatch Repair as predictive markers of pembrolizumab response.By monitoring circulating tumor DNA in longitudinal repeated sampling of blood we could also predict Minimal Residual Disease and the risk of recurrence in already radically resected patients.In this review we will discuss about the current knowledge of limitations and strengths of the different forms of liquid biopsies for its inclusion in normal cancer management, with a brief nod to their newest biomarkers and its future implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Santini
- Oncologia Medica A, Policlinico Umberto 1, La Sapienza Università Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Botticelli
- Oncologia Medica A, Policlinico Umberto 1, La Sapienza Università Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Galvano
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Michele Iuliani
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Selcetta, Italy
| | - Lorena Incorvaia
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valerio Gristina
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Taffon
- Anatomical Pathology Operative Research Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Foderaro
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Selcetta, Italy
| | - Elisa Paccagnella
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, C.So Della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Sonia Simonetti
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Selcetta, Italy
| | - Federico Fazio
- UOC Oncologia Territoriale, Polo Pontino, La Sapienza Università Di Roma, Latina, Italy.
| | - Simone Scagnoli
- Oncologia Medica A, Policlinico Umberto 1, La Sapienza Università Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Pantano
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Selcetta, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perrone
- Anatomical Pathology Operative Research Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, C.So Della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Spinelli
- UOC Oncologia Territoriale, Polo Pontino, La Sapienza Università Di Roma, Latina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tostes K, Siqueira AP, Reis RM, Leal LF, Arantes LMRB. Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response in NSCLC: Current Developments and Applicability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11887. [PMID: 37569262 PMCID: PMC10418476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among all cancer types, resulting in over 1.8 million deaths annually. Immunotherapy utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ICIs, predominantly monoclonal antibodies, modulate co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signals crucial for maintaining immune tolerance. Despite significant therapeutic advancements in NSCLC, patients still face challenges such as disease progression, recurrence, and high mortality rates. Therefore, there is a need for predictive biomarkers that can guide lung cancer treatment strategies. Currently, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is the only established biomarker for predicting ICI response. However, its accuracy and robustness are not consistently reliable. This review provides an overview of potential biomarkers currently under development or in the validation stage that hold promise in improving the classification of responders and non-responders to ICI therapy in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katiane Tostes
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, São Paulo, Brazil; (K.T.)
| | - Aléxia Polo Siqueira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, São Paulo, Brazil; (K.T.)
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, São Paulo, Brazil; (K.T.)
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Leticia Ferro Leal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, São Paulo, Brazil; (K.T.)
- Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata-FACISB, Barretos 14785-002, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bertoli E, De Carlo E, Basile D, Zara D, Stanzione B, Schiappacassi M, Del Conte A, Spina M, Bearz A. Liquid Biopsy in NSCLC: An Investigation with Multiple Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10803. [PMID: 37445976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue biopsy is essential for NSCLC diagnosis and treatment management. Over the past decades, liquid biopsy has proven to be a powerful tool in clinical oncology, isolating tumor-derived entities from the blood. Liquid biopsy permits several advantages over tissue biopsy: it is non-invasive, and it should provide a better view of tumor heterogeneity, gene alterations, and clonal evolution. Consequentially, liquid biopsy has gained attention as a cancer biomarker tool, with growing clinical applications in NSCLC. In the era of precision medicine based on molecular typing, non-invasive genotyping methods became increasingly important due to the great number of oncogene drivers and the small tissue specimen often available. In our work, we comprehensively reviewed established and emerging applications of liquid biopsy in NSCLC. We made an excursus on laboratory analysis methods and the applications of liquid biopsy either in early or metastatic NSCLC disease settings. We deeply reviewed current data and future perspectives regarding screening, minimal residual disease, micrometastasis detection, and their implication in adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy management. Moreover, we reviewed liquid biopsy diagnostic utility in the absence of tissue biopsy and its role in monitoring treatment response and emerging resistance in metastatic NSCLC treated with target therapy and immuno-therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bertoli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Elisa De Carlo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Debora Basile
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Giovanni Di Dio Hospital, 88900 Crotone, Italy
| | - Diego Zara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Brigida Stanzione
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Monica Schiappacassi
- Molecular Oncology Unit, (OMMPPT) Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Conte
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Michele Spina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bearz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Strati A, Economopoulou P, Lianidou E, Psyrri A. Clinical Significance of PD-L1 Status in Circulating Tumor Cells for Cancer Management during Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1768. [PMID: 37371863 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The approval of monoclonal antibodies against programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death protein (PD1) has changed the landscape of cancer treatment. To date, many immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of metastatic cancer as well as locally recurrent advanced cancer. However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) of ICIs highlight the need for biomarker analysis with strong predictive value. Liquid biopsy is an important tool for clinical oncologists to monitor cancer patients and administer or change appropriate therapy. CTCs frequently express PD-L1, and this constitutes a clinically useful and non-invasive method to assess PD-L1 status in real-time. This review summarizes all the latest findings about the clinical significance of CTC for the management of cancer patients during the administration of immunotherapy and mainly focuses on the assessment of PD-L1 expression in CTCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Areti Strati
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Economopoulou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Evi Lianidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Amanda Psyrri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ancel J, Dormoy V, Raby BN, Dalstein V, Durlach A, Dewolf M, Gilles C, Polette M, Deslée G. Soluble biomarkers to predict clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer treated by immune checkpoints inhibitors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1171649. [PMID: 37283751 PMCID: PMC10239865 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1171649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the first cause of cancer-related death despite many therapeutic innovations, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). ICI are now well used in daily practice at late metastatic stages and locally advanced stages after a chemo-radiation. ICI are also emerging in the peri-operative context. However, all patients do not benefit from ICI and even suffer from additional immune side effects. A current challenge remains to identify patients eligible for ICI and benefiting from these drugs. Currently, the prediction of ICI response is only supported by Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor expression with perfectible results and limitations inherent to tumor-biopsy specimen analysis. Here, we reviewed alternative markers based on liquid biopsy and focused on the most promising biomarkers to modify clinical practice, including non-tumoral blood cell count such as absolute neutrophil counts, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio. We also discussed soluble-derived immune checkpoint-related products such as sPD-L1, circulating tumor cells (detection, count, and marker expression), and circulating tumor DNA-related products. Finally, we explored perspectives for liquid biopsies in the immune landscape and discussed how they could be implemented into lung cancer management with a potential biological-driven decision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ancel
- Inserm UMR-S1250, P3Cell, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Reims, France
| | - Valérian Dormoy
- Inserm UMR-S1250, P3Cell, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France
| | - Béatrice Nawrocki Raby
- Inserm UMR-S1250, P3Cell, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France
| | - Véronique Dalstein
- Inserm UMR-S1250, P3Cell, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France
- Department of Biopathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Reims, France
| | - Anne Durlach
- Inserm UMR-S1250, P3Cell, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France
- Department of Biopathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Reims, France
| | - Maxime Dewolf
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Reims, France
| | - Christine Gilles
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Myriam Polette
- Inserm UMR-S1250, P3Cell, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France
- Department of Biopathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Reims, France
| | - Gaëtan Deslée
- Inserm UMR-S1250, P3Cell, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-SANTE, Reims, France
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Reims, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yang Y, Liu H, Chen Y, Xiao N, Zheng Z, Liu H, Wan J. Liquid biopsy on the horizon in immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer: current status, challenges, and perspectives. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:230. [PMID: 37002211 PMCID: PMC10066332 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most threatening malignancies to human health and life. In most cases, patients with NSCLC are already at an advanced stage when they are diagnosed. In recent years, lung cancer has made great progress in precision therapy, but the efficacy of immunotherapy is unstable, and its response rate varies from patient to patient. Several biomarkers have been proposed to predict the outcomes of immunotherapy, such as programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and tumor mutational burden (TMB). Nevertheless, the detection assays are invasive and demanding on tumor tissue. To effectively predict the outcomes of immunotherapy, novel biomarkers are needed to improve the performance of conventional biomarkers. Liquid biopsy is to capture and detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and exosomes in body fluids, such as blood, saliva, urine, pleural fluid and cerebrospinal fluid as samples from patients, so as to make analysis and diagnosis of cancer and other diseases. The application of liquid biopsy provides a new possible solution, as it has several advantages such as non-invasive, real-time dynamic monitoring, and overcoming tumor heterogeneity. Liquid biopsy has shown predictive value in immunotherapy, significantly improving the precision treatment of lung cancer patients. Herein, we review the application of liquid biopsy in predicting the outcomes of immunotherapy in NSCLC patients, and discuss the challenges and future directions in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Youming Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongchun Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Junhu Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kemper M, Krekeler C, Menck K, Lenz G, Evers G, Schulze AB, Bleckmann A. Liquid Biopsies in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1430. [PMID: 36900221 PMCID: PMC10000706 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As lung cancer has the highest cancer-specific mortality rates worldwide, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic and diagnostic approaches to detect early-stage tumors and to monitor their response to the therapy. In addition to the well-established tissue biopsy analysis, liquid-biopsy-based assays may evolve as an important diagnostic tool. The analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is the most established method, followed by other methods such as the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Both PCR- and NGS-based assays are used for the mutational assessment of lung cancer, including the most frequent driver mutations. However, ctDNA analysis might also play a role in monitoring the efficacy of immunotherapy and its recent accomplishments in the landscape of state-of-the-art lung cancer therapy. Despite the promising aspects of liquid-biopsy-based assays, there are some limitations regarding their sensitivity (risk of false-negative results) and specificity (interpretation of false-positive results). Hence, further studies are needed to evaluate the usefulness of liquid biopsies for lung cancer. Liquid-biopsy-based assays might be integrated into the diagnostic guidelines for lung cancer as a tool to complement conventional tissue sampling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Kemper
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Carolin Krekeler
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Menck
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Georg Evers
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Arik Bernard Schulze
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Annalen Bleckmann
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
The predictive value of plasma exosomal lncRNAs/mRNAs in NSCLC patients receiving immunotherapy. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:86-93. [PMID: 36801676 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is an urgent need to explore the use of plasma-derived exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) as potential biomarkers to select the most suitable patient population to receive immunotherapy for advanced NSCLC with no actionable molecular markers. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the present study, 7 patients with advanced NSCLC who received nivolumab were enrolled for molecular studies. Plasma-derived exosomal lncRNAs/mRNAs expression profiles differed between patients exhibiting differential immunotherapy efficacy. RESULTS In the non-responders, 299 differentially expressed exosomal mRNAs and 154 lncRNAs were significantly upregulated. In GEPIA2, 10 mRNAs were upregulated in the NSCLC patients compared to that of the normal population. The up-regulation of CCNB1 related to the cis-regulation of lnc-CENPH-1 and lnc-CENPH-2. KPNA2, MRPL3, NET1 and CCNB1 were trans-regulated by lnc-ZFP3-3. In addition, IL6R exhibited a trend of increased expression in the non-responders at baseline, and this expression was further downregulated after treatment in responders. The association between CCNB1 with lnc-CENPH-1 and lnc-CENPH-2, as well as the lnc-ZFP3-3-TAF1 pair, may represent potential biomarkers of poor immunotherapy efficacy. Patients may obtain increased effector T cell function when IL6R is suppressed by immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that plasma-derived exosomal lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles differ between responders and non-responders to nivolumab immunotherapy. Lnc-ZFP3-3-TAF1-CCNB1 pair and IL6R might be key factors predicting efficiency of immunotherapy. Large scale clinical studies seem warranted to further validate the potential of plasma-derived exosomal lncRNAs and mRNAs as a biomarker to aid the selection of NSCLC patients for nivolumab immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
39
|
Goh KY, Cheng TYD, Tham SC, Lim DWT. Circulating Biomarkers for Prediction of Immunotherapy Response in NSCLC. Biomedicines 2023; 11:508. [PMID: 36831044 PMCID: PMC9953588 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes the majority of the lung cancer population and the prognosis is poor. In recent years, immunotherapy has become the standard of care for advanced NSCLC patients as numerous trials demonstrated that immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are more efficacious than conventional chemotherapy. However, only a minority of NSCLC patients benefit from this treatment. Therefore, there is an unmet need for biomarkers that could accurately predict response to immunotherapy. Liquid biopsy allows repeated sampling of blood-based biomarkers in a non-invasive manner for the dynamic monitoring of treatment response. In this review, we summarize the efforts and progress made in the identification of circulating biomarkers that predict immunotherapy benefit for NSCLC patients. We also discuss the challenges with future implementation of circulating biomarkers into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kah Yee Goh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Terence You De Cheng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Su Chin Tham
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Darren Wan-Teck Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore 169610, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Office of Academic and Clinical Development, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nigro MC, Marchese PV, Deiana C, Casadio C, Galvani L, Di Federico A, De Giglio A. Clinical Utility and Application of Liquid Biopsy Genotyping in Lung Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. LUNG CANCER (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2023; 14:11-25. [PMID: 36762267 PMCID: PMC9904307 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s388047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine has revolutionized the therapeutic management of cancer patients with a major impact on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly lung adenocarcinoma, where advances have been remarkable. Tissue biopsy, required for tumor molecular testing, has significant limitations due to the difficulty of the biopsy site or the inadequacy of the histological specimen. In this context, liquid biopsy, consisting of the analysis of tumor-released materials circulating in body fluids, such as blood, is increasingly emerging as a valuable and non-invasive biomarker for detecting circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) carrying molecular tumor signatures. In advanced/metastatic NSCLC, liquid biopsy drives target therapy by monitoring response to treatment and identifying eventual genomic mechanisms of resistance. In addition, recent data have shown a significant ability to detect minimal residual disease in early-stage lung cancer, underlying the potential application of liquid biopsy in the adjuvant setting, in early detection of recurrence, and also in the screening field. In this article, we present a review of the currently available data about the utility and application of liquid biopsy in lung cancer, with a particular focus on the approach to different techniques of analysis for liquid biopsy and a comparison with tissue samples as well as the potential practical uses in early and advanced/metastatic NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concetta Nigro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Paola Valeria Marchese
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy,Correspondence: Paola Valeria Marchese, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, Bologna, 40138, Italy, Email
| | - Chiara Deiana
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Chiara Casadio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Linda Galvani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Federico
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Andrea De Giglio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy,Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Extracellular Vesicles' Genetic Cargo as Noninvasive Biomarkers in Cancer: A Pilot Study Using ExoGAG Technology. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020404. [PMID: 36830940 PMCID: PMC9953104 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The two most developed biomarkers in liquid biopsy (LB)-circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA-have been joined by the analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are lipid-bilayer enclosed structures released by all cell types containing a variety of molecules, including DNA, mRNA and miRNA. However, fast, efficient and a high degree of purity isolation technologies are necessary for their clinical routine implementation. In this work, the use of ExoGAG, a new easy-to-use EV isolation technology, was validated for the isolation of EVs from plasma and urine samples. After demonstrating its efficiency, an analysis of the genetic material contained in the EVs was carried out. Firstly, the sensitivity of the detection of point mutations in DNA from plasma EVs isolated by ExoGAG was analyzed. Then, a pilot study of mRNA expression using the nCounter NanoString platform in EV-mRNA from a healthy donor, a benign prostate hyperplasia patient and metastatic prostate cancer patient plasma and urine samples was performed, identifying the prostate cancer pathway as one of the main ones. This work provides evidence for the value of using ExoGAG for the isolation of EVs from plasma and urine samples, enabling downstream applications of the analysis of their genetic cargo.
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhou Q, Liu X, Li J, Tong B, Xu Y, Chen M, Liu X, Gao X, Shi Y, Zhao J, Zhong W, Wang M. Circulating tumor cells PD-L1 expression detection and correlation of therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:470-478. [PMID: 36630992 PMCID: PMC9925337 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated whether programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood can serve as a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy efficacy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS We employed a negative enrichment method to isolate CTCs. We identified PD-L1 + CTCs as PD-L1+/4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)+/CD45-circulating tumor cells through an immunofluorescence method. Tumor tissue PD-L1 expression was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The correlation between CTC PD-L1 expression and patients' prognostic features was estimated through the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS CTCs released a higher detection rate of PD-L1 expression than tumor tissues (53.0% vs. 42.1%). No correlation was observed between them. Forty-nine NSCLC patients received anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy (three with combined anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), two with four cycles of combined immune checkpoint inhibitors [ICIs] plus chemotherapy and ICI monotherapy for maintenance). Patients with PD-L1 expression on tissue or CTCs had a median progression-free survival (mPFS) of 5.6 months (n = 36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.6-7.5 months), significantly longer than those without PD-L1 detection (n = 9, mPFS of 1.4 months, 95% CI 1.3-1.5 months, log-rank p = 0.032). The multivariable Cox proportional-hazard model suggested that the tissue or CTC PD-L1 expression was associated with a lower risk of progression (hazard ratio 0.45, 95% CI 0.21-0.98, p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS CTCs and tumor tissues reveal heterogeneous expression of PD-L1 in NSCLC patients. Patients with baseline PD-L1 expression on CTCs or tissue showed prolonged mPFS and may help to identify the subsets of patients who potentially benefit from immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiangning Liu
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ji Li
- Department of PathologyPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Bing Tong
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Minjiang Chen
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoxing Gao
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yuequan Shi
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Mengzhao Wang
- Department of Respiratory MedicinePeking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Different Liquid Biopsies for the Management of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Mutational Oncology Era. Med Sci (Basel) 2023; 11:medsci11010008. [PMID: 36649045 PMCID: PMC9844315 DOI: 10.3390/medsci11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last ten years, liquid biopsy has been slowly joining the traditional invasive techniques for the diagnosis and monitoring of tumors. Liquid biopsies allow easy repeated sampling of blood, reflect the tumor scenario, and make personalized therapy real for the patient. Liquid biopsies isolate and utilize different substrates present in patients' body fluids such as circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, tumor extracellular vesicles, etc. One of the most-used solid cancers in the development of the non-invasive liquid biopsy approach that has benefited from scientific advances is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using liquid biopsy, it is possible to have more details on NSCLC staging, progression, heterogeneity, gene mutations and clonal evolution, etc., basing the treatment on precision medicine as well as on the screening of markers for therapeutic resistance. With this review, the authors propose a complete and current overview of all different liquid biopsies available to date, to understand how much has been carried out and how much remains to be completed for a better characterization of NSCLC.
Collapse
|
44
|
Sinoquet L, Jacot W, Quantin X, Alix-Panabières C. Liquid Biopsy and Immuno-Oncology for Advanced Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Chem 2023; 69:23-40. [PMID: 36322450 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvac166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer without oncogenic addiction. Currently, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) status, assessed in tissue biopsy samples, is the only test for guiding the prescription of these therapies in clinical practice. However, obtaining tumor tissue from patients with lung cancer is not always feasible and PD-L1 positivity is not a guarantee of immunotherapy efficacy. In this context, liquid biopsy, represented by several circulating biomarkers that reflect the tumor characteristics, is emerging as an interesting alternative approach. CONTENT We describe the main blood biomarkers evaluated in patients with metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer before/during immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment, with a focus on circulating cell-free DNA, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), blood tumor mutational burden, and circulating tumor cells (CTCs). SUMMARY Monitoring of ctDNA and CTCs during immunotherapy may be a promising tool to help clinicians in therapeutic decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léa Sinoquet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional Du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - William Jacot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional Du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France.,Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Quantin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Régional Du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France.,Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kong W, Chen T, Li Y. Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Prognosis of Liquid Biopsy in Cancer Immunotherapy. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2695:127-143. [PMID: 37450116 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3346-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy (LB), as a minimally invasive method of gleaning insight into the dynamics of diseases through a patient fluid sample, represents an interesting tool that can advise in disease monitoring, treatment selection, early diagnosis, evaluation of the response, and prognosis. Cancer immunotherapy is a breakthrough in cancer treatment, which is now recognized as the "fourth pillar" of cancer treatment, after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Liquid biopsy offers a different befalling for beneath invasive diagnosis, real-time accommodating monitoring, and analysis options, involving the isolation of circulating biomarkers, such as cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), exosomes, and microRNAs (miRNAs). The biomarkers herein have great potential to allow the realization of liquid biopsy for predicting the immunotherapy response and precision medicine. Liquid biopsy offers an alternative, less invasive approach to select cancer patients who would benefit from immunotherapy and to monitor patients during their disease course. This review focuses on the use of liquid biopsy in the immunotherapy treatment of patients with cancer. In this review, we addressed the different promising liquid biopsy-based biomarkers in cancer patients that enable the selection of patients who benefit from immunotherapy and the monitoring of patients during this therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Kong
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Tengxiang Chen
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Yixin Li
- The Department of Histology and Embryology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wlosik J, Fattori S, Rochigneux P, Goncalves A, Olive D, Chretien AS. Immune biology of NSCLC revealed by single-cell technologies: implications for the development of biomarkers in patients treated with immunotherapy. Semin Immunopathol 2023; 45:29-41. [PMID: 36414693 PMCID: PMC9974692 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00973-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
First-line immunotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer largely improved patients' survival. PD-L1 testing is required before immune checkpoint inhibitor initiation. However, this biomarker fails to accurately predict patients' response. On the other hand, immunotherapy exposes patients to immune-related toxicity, the mechanisms of which are still unclear. Hence, there is an unmet need to develop clinically approved predictive biomarkers to better select patients who will benefit the most from immune checkpoint inhibitors and improve risk management. Single-cell technologies provide unprecedented insight into the tumor and its microenvironment, leading to the discovery of immune cells involved in immune checkpoint inhibitor response or toxicity. In this review, we will underscore the potential of the single-cell approach to identify candidate biomarkers improving non-small-cell lung cancer patients' care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Wlosik
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University UM105, Inserm U1068, 13009, Marseille, France. .,Immunomonitoring Department, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009, Marseille, France.
| | - S Fattori
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University UM105, Inserm U1068, 13009, Marseille, France.,Immunomonitoring Department, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - P Rochigneux
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University UM105, Inserm U1068, 13009, Marseille, France.,Immunomonitoring Department, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009, Marseille, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Inserm U1068, Aix-Marseille University UM105, CNRS UMR7258, Institute Paoli-Calmettes, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - A Goncalves
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inserm U1068, Aix-Marseille University UM105, CNRS UMR7258, Institute Paoli-Calmettes, 13009, Marseille, France.,Team Cell Polarity, Cell Signaling and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, Inserm U1068UM 105, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - D Olive
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University UM105, Inserm U1068, 13009, Marseille, France.,Immunomonitoring Department, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - A S Chretien
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University UM105, Inserm U1068, 13009, Marseille, France. .,Immunomonitoring Department, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 13009, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ren J, Liu R. The Implication of Liquid Biopsy in the Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Potential and Expectation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2695:145-163. [PMID: 37450117 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3346-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, lung cancer has remained the most lethal cancer, despite great advances in diagnosis and treatment. However, a large proportion of patients were diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic disease and have poor prognosis. Immunotherapy and targeted drugs have greatly improved the survival and prognosis of patients with advanced lung cancer. However, how to identify the optimal patients to accept those therapies and how to monitor therapeutic efficacy are still in dispute. In the past few decades, tissue biopsy, including percutaneous fine needle biopsy and surgical excision, has still been the gold standard for examining the gene mutation such as EGFR, ALK, ROS, and PD-1/PD/L1, which can indicate the follow-up treatment. Nevertheless, the biopsy techniques mentioned above were invasive and unrepeatable, which were not suitable for advanced patients. Liquid biopsy, accounting for heterogeneity compared with tissue biopsy, is an alternative technique for monitoring the mutation, and a large quantity of research has demonstrated its feasibility to detect the circulating tumor cell, cell-free DNA, circulating tumor DNA, and extracellular vesicles from peripheral venous blood. The proposal of the concept of precision medicine brings a novel medical model developed with the rapid progress of genome sequencing technology and the cross-application of bioinformation, which was based on personalized medicine. The emerging method of liquid biopsy might contribute to promoting the development of precision medicine. In this review, we intend to describe the liquid biopsy in non-small cell lung cancer in detail in the aspect of screening, diagnosis, monitoring, treatment, and drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghao Ren
- Shanghai Lung Tumor Clinical Medicine Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ruijun Liu
- Shanghai Lung Tumor Clinical Medicine Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bożyk A, Nicoś M. The Overview of Perspectives of Clinical Application of Liquid Biopsy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1640. [PMID: 36295075 PMCID: PMC9604747 DOI: 10.3390/life12101640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The standard diagnostics procedure for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) requires a pathological evaluation of tissue samples obtained by surgery or biopsy, which are considered invasive sampling procedures. Due to this fact, re-sampling of the primary tumor at the moment of progression is limited and depends on the patient's condition, even if it could reveal a mechanism of resistance to applied therapy. Recently, many studies have indicated that liquid biopsy could be provided for the noninvasive management of NSCLC patients who receive molecularly targeted therapies or immunotherapy. The liquid biopsy of neoplastic patients harbors small fragments of circulating-free DNA (cfDNA) and cell-free RNA (cfRNA) secreted to the circulation from normal cells, as well as a subset of tumor-derived circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). In NSCLC patients, a longitudinal assessment of genetic alterations in "druggable" genes in liquid biopsy might improve the follow-up of treatment efficacy and allow for the detection of an early progression before it is detectable in computed tomography or a clinical image. However, a liquid biopsy may be used to determine a variety of relevant molecular or genetic information for understanding tumor biology and its evolutionary trajectories. Thus, liquid biopsy is currently associated with greater hope for common diagnostic and clinical applications. In this review, we would like to highlight diagnostic challenges in the application of liquid biopsy into the clinical routine and indicate its implications on the metastatic spread of NSCLC or monitoring of personalized treatment regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Nicoś
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Malapelle U, Pisapia P, Pepe F, Russo G, Buono M, Russo A, Gomez J, Khorshid O, Mack PC, Rolfo C, Troncone G. The evolving role of liquid biopsy in lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2022; 172:53-64. [PMID: 35998482 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy has revolutionized the management of cancer patients. In particular, liquid biopsy-based testing has proven to be highly beneficial for identifying actionable cancer markers, especially when solid tissue biopsies are insufficient or unattainable. Beyond the predictive role, liquid biopsy may be a useful tool for comprehensive tumor genotyping, identification of emergent resistance mechanisms, monitoring of minimal residual disease, early detection, and cancer interception. The application of next generation sequencing to liquid biopsy has led to the "quantum leap" of predictive molecular pathology. Here, we review the evolving role of liquid biopsy in lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Pisapia
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Pepe
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Russo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Buono
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Jorge Gomez
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Medical System & Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ola Khorshid
- National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Philip C Mack
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Medical System & Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Medical System & Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giancarlo Troncone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Multianalyte liquid biopsy to aid the diagnostic workup of breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:112. [PMID: 36167819 PMCID: PMC9515081 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) affects 1 in every 8 women in the United States and is currently the most prevalent cancer worldwide. Precise staging at diagnosis and prognosis are essential components for the clinical management of BC patients. In this study, we set out to evaluate the feasibility of the high-definition single cell (HDSCA) liquid biopsy (LBx) platform to stratify late-stage BC, early-stage BC, and normal donors using peripheral blood samples. Utilizing 5 biomarkers, we identified rare circulating events with epithelial, mesenchymal, endothelial and hematological origin. We detected a higher level of CTCs in late-stage patients, compared to the early-stage and normal donors. Additionally, we observed more tumor-associated large extracellular vesicles (LEVs) in the early-stage, compared to late-stage and the normal donor groups. Overall, we were able to detect reproducible patterns in the enumeration of rare cells and LEVs of cancer vs. normal donors and early-stage vs. late-stage BC with high accuracy, allowing for robust stratification. Our findings illustrate the feasibility of the LBx assay to provide robust detection of rare circulating events in peripheral blood draws and to stratify late-stage BC, early-stage BC, and normal donor samples.
Collapse
|