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Guo H, Zhang J, Qin C, Yan H, Luo X, Zhou H. Advances and challenges of first-line immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36861. [PMID: 38241591 PMCID: PMC10798763 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The current use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the treatment of lung cancer has dramatically changed the clinical strategy for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). As a result of great achievements in clinical trials, 6 programmed death-1 inhibitors (sintilimab, camrelizumab, tislelizumab, pembrolizumab, cemiplimab, and nivolumab), 2 programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors (sugemalimab and atezolizumab), and 1 cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 inhibitor (ipilimumab) have been approved as first-line treatment for mNSCLC by the US Food and Drug Administration. Recently, research on ICIs has shifted from a large number of second-line to first-line settings in clinical trials. Results from first-line trials have shown that almost all driver-negative mNSCLC are treated with ICIs and significantly prolong patient survival; however, the low response rate and adverse reactions to immunotherapy remain to be addressed. Here, we summarize the use of ICIs, including monotherapy and combination therapy, in the first-line treatment of mNSCLC in recent years and discuss the low response rate and adverse reactions of ICIs as well as the challenges and expectations for the first-line treatment of mNSCLC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Guo
- Institute of Surgery, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
- Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
- Institute of Surgery, Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
- Institute of Surgery, Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hang Yan
- Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
- Institute of Surgery, Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xinyue Luo
- Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
| | - Haining Zhou
- Institute of Surgery, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
- Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
- Institute of Surgery, Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Chen JJ, Lee TH, Kuo G, Yen CL, Lee CC, Chang CH, Tu KH, Chen YC, Fang JT, Hung CC, Yang CW, Chou WC, Chi CC, Tu YK, Yu Yang H. All-cause and immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute kidney injury in immune checkpoint inhibitor users: a meta-analysis of occurrence rate, risk factors and mortality. Clin Kidney J 2024; 17:sfad292. [PMID: 38186874 PMCID: PMC10768773 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been associated with acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the occurrence rate of ICI-related AKI has not been systematically examined. Additionally, exposure to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were considered as risk factors for AKI, but with inconclusive results in ICI-related AKI. Our aim was to analyse the occurrence rate of all-cause AKI and ICI-related AKI and the occurrence rates of severe AKI and dialysis-requiring AKI, and to determine whether exposure to PPIs and NSAIDs poses a risk for all-cause and ICI-related AKI. Methods This study population was adult ICI recipients. A systematic review was conducted by searching MEDLINE, Embase and PubMed through October 2023. We included prospective trials and observational studies that reported any of the following outcomes: the occurrence rate of all-cause or ICI-related AKI, the relationship between PPI or NSAID exposure and AKI development or the mortality rate in the AKI or non-AKI group. Proportional meta-analysis and pairwise meta-analysis were performed. The evidence certainty was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. Results A total of 120 studies comprising 46 417 patients were included. The occurrence rates of all-cause AKI were 7.4% (14.6% from retrospective studies and 1.2% from prospective clinical trials). The occurrence rate of ICI-related AKI was 3.2%. The use of PPIs was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.77 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43-2.18] for all-cause AKI and an OR of 2.42 (95% CI 1.96-2.97) for ICI-related AKI. The use of NSAIDs was associated with an OR of 1.77 (95% CI 1.10-2.83) for all-cause AKI and an OR of 2.57 (95% CI 1.68-3.93) for ICI-related AKI. Conclusions Our analysis revealed that approximately 1 in 13 adult ICI recipients may experience all-cause AKI, while 1 in 33 adult ICI recipients may experience ICI-related AKI. Exposure to PPIs and NSAIDs was associated with an increased OR risk for AKI in the current meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jin Chen
- Kidney Research Center, Nephrology Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Han Lee
- Nephrology Department, Chansn Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - George Kuo
- Kidney Research Center, Nephrology Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Li Yen
- Kidney Research Center, Nephrology Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Lee
- Kidney Research Center, Nephrology Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Chang
- Kidney Research Center, Nephrology Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hua Tu
- Kidney Research Center, Nephrology Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chang Chen
- Kidney Research Center, Nephrology Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Tseng Fang
- Kidney Research Center, Nephrology Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Hung
- Kidney Research Center, Nephrology Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Yang
- Kidney Research Center, Nephrology Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Linkou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chi Chi
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University; Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kang Tu
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huang- Yu Yang
- Kidney Research Center, Nephrology Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Linkou, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Aggarwal H, Bayo K, Han Y, Muehlenbein CE, Zhu YE, Kim JS. Real-world maintenance therapy and survival outcomes for pembrolizumab plus pemetrexed and platinum for non-small-cell lung cancer in USA. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:267-281. [PMID: 36789638 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate treatment patterns and overall survival (OS) in real world metastatic non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSQ-NSCLC) patients that received pembrolizumab plus pemetrexed-platinum (pembro+pem+plat) aligned with KEYNOTE-189. Materials & methods: OS was evaluated for the overall cohort and maintenance therapy (MT) subgroups and analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Of 2488 patients that received first-line treatment, 45.1% received less than four cycles of pembro+pem+plat, 43.9% received four cycles plus MT with pembro and/or pem, and 11.1% received four cycles without continuing on MT. The median OS was 21.0 months and 9.1 months in patients that continued and did not continue MT. Conclusion: Real world patients that received KEYNOTE-189-aligned treatment had similar OS benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Aggarwal
- Center for Observational & Real-World Evidence, Merck & Co Inc, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - KayOnda Bayo
- College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yimei Han
- Real World Advanced Analysis, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | | | - Yajun Emily Zhu
- Medical Affairs/Real World Evidence Biostatistics, Myovant Sciences, Brisbane, CA 94005, USA
| | - Jong Seok Kim
- Clinical Development, Oncology, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
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De Giglio A, Grandinetti V, Aprile M, Borelli G, Campus A, Croci Chiocchini AL, Busutti M, Vischini G, Di Federico A, Sperandi F, Melotti B, Ardizzoni A, La Manna G, Gelsomino F. Patterns of renal toxicity from the combination of pemetrexed and pembrolizumab for advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A single-center experience. Lung Cancer 2022; 174:91-96. [PMID: 36356493 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The combination of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and platinum-pemetrexed chemotherapy (CT) in first-line setting improved survival outcomes of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Among the various adverse events, renal toxicity can be a relevant safety issue. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a single-center, observational retrospective study including consecutive patients treated with upfront CT-ICI for advanced nonsquamous NSCLC to investigate incidence and clinical characteristics of acute kidney injury (AKI) using 'Acute Kidney Injury Working Group of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes' (KDIGO) definition. RESULTS A total of 89 patients received a first-line CT/ICI. The median age was 69 years. 60.7 % were male, and 87.6 % had an ECOG PS of 0-1. 92.1 % had a baseline glomerular filtration rate of at least 60 ml/min. According to KDIGO criteria, 25 (28 %) patients developed AKI. Considering risk factors for AKI onset, patients receiving >10 cycles of CT/ICI were more likely to experience AKI (p < 0.001). No other associations were found with other variables, including concomitant medications. Any component of the treatment was discontinued (pemetrexed pembrolizumab or both) in 10 (40 %) patients, and 9 patients (36 %) were addressed to nephrological consultation. These patients had higher mean creatinine variation from baseline (1 vs 0.6 mg/dl, p = 0.025) and creatine level (1.8 vs 1.4 mg/dl, p = 0.015), but lower eGFR (35.7 vs 54.2 ml/min, p = 0.011) in comparison to patients not addressed. No patients had microscopic hematuria or pyuria, but mild proteinuria (<0.8 g/24 h) was found in 4 patients. A renal biopsy was performed on 3 patients, revealing acute tubule interstitial nephritis (ATIN), karyomegalic interstitial nephritis, and acute tubular necrosis (ATN). CONCLUSION Renal toxicity represents a challenging adverse event that could negatively impact outcomes of metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC patients receiving CT/ICI demanding a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea De Giglio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Grandinetti
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Aprile
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Greta Borelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anita Campus
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Croci Chiocchini
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Busutti
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gisella Vischini
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Federico
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Sperandi
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Melotti
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Manna
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesco Gelsomino
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Dy G. Novel Biomarkers and Drug Targets in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/10113934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite therapeutic advances, the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) is still very poor, especially when first diagnosed at later stages involving metastases. NSCLC classification can be aided by identifying genetic, molecular, and histological subtypes that are important biomarkers in treatment selection. The majority of targeted therapies are now first-line treatment options for eligible patients with advanced stages of NSCLC. Here they have been shown to improve overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). Such treatments include those aimed at driver mutations in NSCLC, such as the genes for EGFR and ALK, and immune checkpoint inhibitors such as those targeting programmed death protein 1 or its ligand (programmed death ligand 1 [PD-L1]). In antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), cytotoxic payloads are conjugated to monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that deliver the drug to tumour cells expressing the corresponding target antigen. While there are still no ADCs specifically approved for NSCLC by the U.S. Food and Drugs Administration (FDA), several agents have shown promise and are being investigated as therapy in NSCLC. Emerging biomarkers as targets for ADCs with potential relevance in the treatment of NSCLC include products of the genes CEACAM5, TROP2, HER2, and c-MET. Herein, this interview provides an overview of biomarkers and targeted therapies, with a discussion with Grace Dy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA, on their potential clinical utility.
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The Potential Mechanism of HDAC1-Catalyzed Histone Crotonylation of Caspase-1 in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5049116. [PMID: 35958929 PMCID: PMC9363190 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5049116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a predominant subtype of lung cancer and accounts for over 80% of all lung cancer cases. The resistance to pemetrexed (PEM) is frequently occurred and severely affects the NSCLC therapy. Proteomic analysis of histones indicated that the histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) complex could hydrolyze lysine crotonylation on histone3 (H3K18cr), affecting epigenetic regulation in cancers. However, the effect of HDAC1-mediated H3K18cr on the PEM resistance of NSCLC is still unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the function of HDAC1-mediated H3K18cr in NSCLC PEM resistance. The expression of HDAC1 was upregulated in clinical NSCLC tissues and cell lines and correlated with the poor prognosis of NSCLC samples. We constructed the PEM-resistant NSCLC cell lines, and the depletion of HDAC1 remarkably reduced the viability of the cells. The proliferation of PEM-resistant NSCLC cells was decreased by HDAC1 knockdown, and the IC50 of PEM was repressed by the silencing of HDAC1 in the cells. Mechanically, we identified the enrichment of HDAC1 on the promoter of caspase-1 in PEM-resistant NSCLC cells. The depletion of HDAC1 inhibited the enrichment of histone H3K18cr and RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II) on the caspase-1 promoter in the cells. The expression of caspase-1 was suppressed by HDAC1 knockdown. The knockdown of HDAC1 reduced proliferation of PEM-resistant NSCLC cells, in which caspase-1 or GSDMD depletion reversed the effect. Clinically, the HDAC1 expression was negatively associated with caspase-1 and GSDMD in clinical NSCLC tissues, while caspase-1 and GSDMD expression was positively correlated in the samples. Therefore, we concluded that HDAC1-catalyzed histone crotonylation of caspase-1 modulates PEM sensitivity of NSCLC by targeting GSDMD.
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Zheng Z, Zhang Q, Wu W, Xue Y, Liu S, Chen Q, Lin D. Identification and Validation of a Ferroptosis-Related Long Non-coding RNA Signature for Predicting the Outcome of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:690509. [PMID: 34367250 PMCID: PMC8339970 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.690509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferroptosis is a recently recognized type of programmed cell death that is involved in the biological processes of various cancers. However, the mechanism of ferroptosis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the role of ferroptosis-associated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in LUAD and to establish a prognostic model. METHODS We downloaded ferroptosis-related genes from the FerrDb database and RNA sequencing data and clinicopathological characteristics from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We randomly divided the data into training and validation sets. Ferroptosis-associated lncRNA signatures with the lowest Akaike information criteria were determined using COX regression analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. The risk scores of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs were calculated, and patients with LUAD were assigned to high- and low-risk groups based on the median risk score. The prognostic value of the risk scores was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox regression analyses, and nomograms. We then explored relationships between ferroptosis-related lncRNAs and the immune response using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). RESULTS Ten ferroptosis-related lncRNA signatures were identified in the training group, and Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses confirmed that the risk scores were independent predictors of LUAD outcome in the training and validation sets (all P < 0.05). The area under the curve confirmed that the signatures could determine the prognosis of LUAD. The predictive accuracy of the established nomogram model was verified using the concordance index and calibration curve. The GSEA showed that the 10 ferroptosis-related lncRNAs might be associated with tumor immune response. CONCLUSION We established a novel signature involving 10 ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (LINC01843, MIR193BHG, AC091185.1, AC027031.2, AL021707.2, AL031667.3, AL606834.1, AC026355.1, AC124045.1, and AC025048.4) that can accurately predict the outcome of LUAD and are associated with the immune response. This will provide new insights into the development of new therapies for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Donghong Lin
- Medical Technology and Engineering College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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