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Kayihura JF. Extent of κ-casein hydrolysis during renneting of bovine milk: A critical assessment of the analytical and estimation approaches. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:1399-1412. [PMID: 38455171 PMCID: PMC10916671 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Renneting is an enzymatic process that turns milk into curd which is then transformed into cheese. Rennet-induced coagulation of caseins (CNs) is the critical step during this process and the key is the primary hydrolysis of κ-CN's Phe105-Met106 bond by chymosin. This article comprehensively reviews the existing data on the extent/degree of κ-CN hydrolysis during renneting of bovine milk and critically evaluates its determination methods. The data show that under normal cheese-making conditions, milk gelation occurs at a degree of κ-CN hydrolysis <80%, which varies due to several factors including analytical and estimation approaches. The common approach involves isolating the macropeptides released, by precipitating whey proteins and residual CN in 1%-12% trichloroacetic acid (TCA), then assuming that the maximum amount obtained is 100% κ-CN hydrolysis. The drawback is that the estimated degree of κ-CN hydrolysis may be higher than the actual value as TCA partially precipitates the macropeptide fractions. Moreover, macropeptide isolation seems unnecessary based on current advances in chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques. The present work proposes a simple mass balance-based approach that will provide accurate estimates in future studies. The accuracy of measuring the degree of κ-CN hydrolysis has implications on the precision of the data in relation to its partitioning (% distribution between the curd and whey) which is essential for improving whey quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F. Kayihura
- Advanced Food Systems Research Unit, Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, College of Health and BiomedicineVictoria UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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2
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Yang M, Ye A, Yang Z, Everett DW, Gilbert EP, Singh H. Pepsin-induced coagulation of casein micelles: Effect of whey proteins and heat treatment. Food Chem 2023; 402:134214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Martin F, Lee J, Azevedo-Scudeller L, Paul A, Delaplace G, Burgain J, Rousseau F, Tanguy G, Famelart MH, Jeantet R, Le Floch-Fouéré C. Heat treatment of milk protein concentrates affects enzymatic coagulation properties. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Tieu S, Harte F. Effect of mild thermal and pH changes on the sol-gel transition in skim milk. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7926-7939. [PMID: 35965122 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present work aimed to improve acid and rennet milk gelation properties with mild thermal and pH changes to skim milk, with emphasis on heating temperatures below the denaturation temperature of whey proteins. We hypothesized the heat-induced, pH-dependent micellar changes, namely the shifts in casein and calcium equilibria between the micellar (or colloidal) and serum phases, result in firmer acid and rennet milk gels and reduced gelation time. Homogenized, pasteurized skim milk was adjusted to pH values in the range of 6.4 to 7.3, heated at temperatures in the range of 50 to 80°C, cooled to refrigeration temperature, and restored to native pH (pH 6.7). Then, acid and rennet gels were made by the addition of glucono-δ-lactone and chymosin, respectively. We monitored the storage modulus (G', Pa) during gel formation with small-amplitude oscillatory shear and the gelation time and maximum G' (G'max, Pa) of acid and rennet gels, were measured at 3 and 2 h, respectively. When skim milk was heated at 50°C for 15 min, there was a 58 and 163% increase in the G'max of acid and rennet gels, respectively, as the pH at heating was raised from pH 6.7 to 7.3. Increases in gel strength were greater for skim milk heated at 60°C for 15 min. There was a positive correlation between G'max of acid gels and the heat-induced casein protein exchanges between the micellar and serum phases on heating milk at pH in the range from 6.4 to 7.3 (r = 0.78). We also found positive correlations between the variation in G'max of rennet gels with the heat-induced, pH-dependent migration of casein (r = 0.83) and calcium (r = 0.80) from the micelle into the serum phase, as determined by PAGE and atomic emission spectroscopy. Under these mild heating temperatures (50 and 60°C), rennet coagulation time was significantly reduced from 45 ± 5 to 27 ± 3 min when the pH at heating was raised from pH 6.7 to 7.3. The ability to enhance milk gelation properties with a scalable pretreatment allows for the expression of novel functionality of casein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stiphany Tieu
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - Federico Harte
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
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5
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FRANZOI M, COSTA A, VIGOLO V, PENASA M, DE MARCHI M. Effect of pasteurization on coagulation properties of bovine milk and the role of major composition traits and protein fractions. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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6
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Song Z, Zhang Y, Wen P, Wang Y, Qiao H, Zhang W, Zhang Z. Effect of pH on the coagulation properties of
Tenebrio molitor
coagulant. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Pengcheng Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Haijun Qiao
- College of Science Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Weibing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
| | - Zhongming Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou Gansu China
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7
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8
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Xia X, Tobin JT, Fenelon MA, Mcsweeney PLH, Sheehan JJ. Production, composition and preservation of micellar casein concentrate and its application in cheesemaking: A review. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Xia
- Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork P61 C996
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences University College Cork Cork T12 YN60 Ireland
| | - John T Tobin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork P61 C996
| | - Mark A Fenelon
- Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork P61 C996
| | - Paul L H Mcsweeney
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences University College Cork Cork T12 YN60 Ireland
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9
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Effect of heat treatment on whey protein-reduced micellar casein concentrate: A study of texture, proteolysis levels and volatile profiles of Cheddar cheeses produced therefrom. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Guinee TP. Effect of high-temperature treatment of milk and whey protein denaturation on the properties of rennet–curd cheese: A review. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Goulder DM, Harte FM. Prevention of low-temperature gelation in milk protein concentrates by calcium-binding salts. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:32-39. [PMID: 34600713 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of adding low concentrations of calcium-binding salts on the prevention of low-temperature gelation in milk protein concentrates (MPC). The MPC were created by a combination of ultrafiltration and diafiltration, standardized from 14 to 17% (wt/vol) protein content and mixed with one of 5 calcium-binding salts (sodium citrate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, and sodium monophosphate) adjusted to a pH of 6.75. The flow properties, apparent viscosity, and gel strength were determined for MPC containing a wide range of calcium-binding salt concentrations. Low-temperature gelation occurred in MPC with 16.0% and higher protein content. Low-temperature gelation at 16.0% protein content was prevented by the addition of any of the 5 salts tested at low concentrations (0.30 mM or less; sodium citrate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate or sodium monophosphate), with sodium polyphosphate and sodium monophosphate being the most consistent in preventing low-temperature gels. All MPC samples exhibited shear-thinning behavior (n = 0.52-0.72), which increased (lower n values) as the protein content increased and decreased by addition of salt. At concentrations of salt above 1.00 mM, thermally irreversible gels were observed with relative strength dependent on the salt and protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Goulder
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - F M Harte
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
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12
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Cold-Renneted Milk Powders for Cheese Production: Impact of Casein/Whey Protein Ratio and Heat on the Gelling Behavior of Reconstituted Rennet Gels and on the Survival Rate of Integrated Lactic Acid Bacteria. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071606. [PMID: 34359476 PMCID: PMC8304705 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The idea was to develop powders for fresh/hard cheese or quark production comprising milk proteins in optimal composition and functional properties for manufacturing each of those cheese types. The aim was to avoid whey protein drainage by their prior removal or by their heat-induced structural integration in the curd. The pre-renneted powders already contain additives such as starter cultures and calcium chloride to instantaneously form homogeneous curds upon reconstitution. The impact of the casein/whey protein ratio (86:14 by ultrafiltration and 98:2 by microfiltration) and upfront heat treatment (80 °C/30 min) on the gelling behavior of reconstituted rennet gels and on the survival rate of integrated Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei F19 was investigated. The assessment criteria for the rennet gelation were curd firming rate, gel strength, and whey drainage. Furthermore, the amount of integrated whey proteins and the resulting cheese yield were evaluated. It could be shown that heating had a positive effect on the viable cell count of the bacteria after spray drying and on the gelation behavior of the reconstituted ultrafiltration concentrates. The curd firming rate and the gel strength could be increased to higher values than the reconstituted microfiltration concentrate at 25% total solids.
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13
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Magan JB, O Callaghan TF, Kelly AL, McCarthy NA. Compositional and functional properties of milk and dairy products derived from cows fed pasture or concentrate-based diets. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2769-2800. [PMID: 33949109 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide milk production is predominantly founded on indoor, high-concentrate feeding systems, whereas pasture-based feeding systems are most common in New Zealand and Ireland but have received greater attention recently in countries utilizing conventional systems. Consumer interest in 'pasture-fed' dairy products has also increased, arising from environmental, ethical, and nutritional concerns. A substantial body of research exists describing the effect of different feeding strategies on the composition of milk, with several recent studies focusing on the comparison of pasture- and concentrate-based feeding regimes. Significant variation is typically observed in the gross composition of milk produced from different supplemental feeds, but various changes in the discrete composition of macromolecular components in milk have also been associated with dietary influence, particularly in relation to the fatty acid profile. Changes in milk composition have also been shown to have implications for milk and dairy product processability, functionality and sensory properties. Methods to determine the traceability of dairy products or verify marketing claims such as 'pasture-fed' have also been established, based on compositional variation due to diet. This review explores the effects of feed types on milk composition and quality, along with the ultimate effect of diet-induced changes on milk and dairy product functionality, with particular emphasis placed on pasture- and concentrate-based feeding systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Magan
- Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Cork, Ireland.,School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tom F O Callaghan
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan L Kelly
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Noel A McCarthy
- Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Cork, Ireland
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14
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Rafiee Tari N, Gaygadzhiev Z, Guri A, Wright A. Effect of pH and heat treatment conditions on physicochemical and acid gelation properties of liquid milk protein concentrate. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:6609-6619. [PMID: 33773779 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Milk protein concentrates (MPC) are typically dried high-protein powders with functional and nutritional properties that can be tailored through modification of processing conditions, including temperature, pH, filtration, and drying. However, the effects of processing conditions on the structure-function properties of liquid MPC (fluid ultrafiltered milk), specifically, are understudied. In this report, the pH of liquid MPC [13% protein (70% protein DM basis), pH 6.7] was adjusted to 6.5 or 6.9, and samples at pH 6.5, 6.7, and 6.9 were subjected to heat treatment at either 85°C for 5 min or 125°C for 15 s. Sodium dodecyl sulfate PAGE was used to determine the distribution of caseins and denatured whey proteins in the soluble and micellar phases, and HPLC was used to quantify native whey proteins as a measure of denaturation, based on the processing conditions. Both heat treatments resulted in substantial whey protein denaturation at each pH, with β-lactoglobulin denatured more extensively than α-lactalbumin. Changes in liquid MPC physicochemical properties were monitored at d 1, 5, and 8 during storage at 4°C. Viscosity increased after heat treatment and also over time, regardless of pH and heating conditions, suggesting the role of whey protein denaturation and aggregation, and their interactions with casein micelles. The MPC samples processed at pH 6.9 had a significantly higher viscosity than those heated at pH 6.5 or 6.7, for both temperature and time conditions; and samples processed at 85°C for 5 min had higher viscosity than those heated at 125°C for 15 s. Particle size analysis indicated the presence of larger particles after 5 and 8 d of MPC storage after heating at pH 6.9. Acid-induced gelation of the liquid MPC led to significantly higher gel firmness after processing at 85°C for 5 min, compared with 125°C for 15 s. Also, gels made from MPC adjusted to pH 6.5 had higher storage moduli, with both time and temperature combinations, demonstrating the role of pH-dependent association of denatured whey proteins with casein micelles in gel network formation. These findings enable a better understanding of the processing factors contributing to structural and functional properties of liquid MPC and can be helpful in tailoring milk protein ingredient functionality for a variety of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Rafiee Tari
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
| | - Zafir Gaygadzhiev
- Research and Development Department, Gay Lea Foods Co-operative Ltd., Hamilton, ON, Canada L8H 3R7
| | - Anilda Guri
- Research and Development Department, Gay Lea Foods Co-operative Ltd., Hamilton, ON, Canada L8H 3R7
| | - Amanda Wright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
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15
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Xia X, Tobin JT, Subhir S, Fenelon MA, McSweeney PL, Sheehan JJ. Effect of thermal treatment on serum protein reduced micellar casein concentrate: An evaluation of rennet coagulability, cheese composition and yield. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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17
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Hovjecki M, Miloradovic Z, Rac V, Pudja P, Miocinovic J. Influence of heat treatment of goat milk on casein micelle size, rheological and textural properties of acid gels and set type yoghurts. J Texture Stud 2020; 51:680-687. [PMID: 32281111 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Acid gels and yoghurts were made from goat milk that was heated at 72°C/30 s, 85°C/5 min, and 95°C/5 min, followed by acidification with starter culture at 43C until pH 4.6. The rheological and textural properties of acid gels and yoghurts were analyzed using dynamic low amplitude oscillatory rheology and back extrusion texture analysis, respectively. The effect of goat milk heat treatment on the mean casein micelle diameter and protein profile was also determined by dynamic light scattering and SDS PAGE electrophoresis, respectively. The shortest gelation and fermentation time was recorded for yoghurt prepared from milk heated at 85°C/5 min. Also, the pH of gelation, the storage moduli (G') and yield stress were higher for this yoghurt, compared with the other two. Textural properties of goat milk yoghurts such as firmness and consistency were strongly affected by milk heat treatment, and the highest values were recorded for yoghurt produced from milk preheated at 85°C/5 min, as well. The largest casein micelles were measured after 85°C/5 min treatment and their size decreased at higher temperature, despite higher denaturation of whey proteins at the most intense heat regime, indicating the structure changes that influence on the acid gelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Hovjecki
- Department of Animal Source Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorana Miloradovic
- Department of Animal Source Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladislav Rac
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag Pudja
- Department of Animal Source Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Miocinovic
- Department of Animal Source Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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18
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Li Q, Zhao Z. Acid and rennet-induced coagulation behavior of casein micelles with modified structure. Food Chem 2019; 291:231-238. [PMID: 31006464 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quanyang Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhengtao Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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19
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Lin Y, Kelly AL, O'Mahony JA, Guinee TP. Effects of milk heat treatment and solvent composition on physicochemical and selected functional characteristics of milk protein concentrate. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6799-6813. [PMID: 29803416 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Milk protein concentrate (MPC) powders (∼81% protein) were made from skim milk that was heat treated at 72°C for 15 s (LHMPC) or 85°C for 30 s (MHMPC). The MPC powder was manufactured by ultrafiltration and diafiltration of skim milk at 50°C followed by spray drying. The MPC dispersions (4.02% true protein) were prepared by reconstituting the LHMPC and MHMPC powders in distilled water (LHMPCw and MHMPCw, respectively) or milk permeate (LHMPCp and MHMPCp, respectively). Increasing milk heat treatment increased the level of whey protein denaturation (from ∼5 to 47% of total whey protein) and reduced the concentrations of serum protein, serum calcium, and ionic calcium. These changes were paralleled by impaired rennet-induced coagulability of the MHMPCw and MHMPCp dispersions and a reduction in the pH of maximum heat stability of MHMPCp from pH 6.9 to 6.8. For both the LHMPC and MHMPC dispersions, the use of permeate instead of water enhanced ethanol stability at pH 6.6 to 7.0, impaired rennet gelation, and changed the heat coagulation time and pH profile from type A to type B. Increasing the severity of milk heat treatment during MPC manufacture and the use of permeate instead of water led to significant reductions in the viscosity of stirred yogurt prepared by starter-induced acidification of the MPC dispersions. The current study clearly highlights how the functionality of protein dispersions prepared by reconstitution of high-protein MPC powders may be modulated by the heat treatment of the skim milk during manufacture of the MPC and the composition of the solvent used for reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchen Lin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland, P61 C996
| | - Alan L Kelly
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, T12 Y337
| | - James A O'Mahony
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, T12 Y337
| | - Timothy P Guinee
- Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland, P61 C996.
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20
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Wang X, Ye A, Lin Q, Han J, Singh H. Gastric digestion of milk protein ingredients: Study using an in vitro dynamic model. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6842-6852. [PMID: 29753488 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The coagulation behavior and the kinetics of protein hydrolysis of skim milk powder, milk protein concentrate (MPC), calcium-depleted MPC, sodium caseinate, whey protein isolate (WPI), and heated (90°C, 20 min) WPI under gastric conditions were examined using an advanced dynamic digestion model (i.e., a human gastric simulator). During gastric digestion, these protein ingredients exhibited various pH profiles as a function of the digestion time. Skim milk powder and MPC, which contained casein micelles, formed cohesive, ball-like curds with a dense structure after 10 min of digestion; these curds did not disintegrate over 220 min of digestion. Partly calcium-depleted MPC and sodium caseinate, which lacked an intact casein micellar structure, formed curds at approximately 40 min, and a loose, fragmented curd structure was observed after 220 min of digestion. In contrast, no curds were formed in either WPI or heated WPI after 220 min of digestion. In addition, the hydrolysis rates and the compositions of the digesta released from the human gastric simulator were different for the various protein ingredients, as detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE. Skim milk powder and MPC exhibited slower hydrolysis rates than calcium-depleted MPC and sodium caseinate. The most rapid hydrolysis occurred in the WPI (with and without heating). This was attributed to the formation of different structured curds under gastric conditions. The results offer novel insights about the coagulation kinetics of proteins from different milk protein ingredients, highlighting the critical role of the food matrix in affecting the course of protein digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Food and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Riddet Institute and Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Aiqian Ye
- College of Food and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Riddet Institute and Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Quanquan Lin
- Riddet Institute and Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Jianzhong Han
- College of Food and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute and Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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21
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Yang M, Zhang G, Yang J, Sun D, Wen P, Zhang W. Effect of pH on dissociation of casein micelles in yak skim milk. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:2998-3007. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Smith JR, Carr AJ, Golding M, Reid D. Mozzarella Cheese – A Review of the Structural Development During Processing. FOOD BIOPHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-017-9511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Bhatt H, Cucheval A, Coker C, Patel H, Carr A, Bennett R. Effect of micellar structure of casein and its modification on plasmin-induced hydrolysis. Int Dairy J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Sinaga H, Bansal N, Bhandari B. Gelation properties of partially renneted milk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1193515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hotnida Sinaga
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Nidhi Bansal
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Bhesh Bhandari
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
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25
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Ye A, Cui J, Dalgleish D, Singh H. Effect of homogenization and heat treatment on the behavior of protein and fat globules during gastric digestion of milk. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:36-47. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Sinaga H, Bansal N, Bhandari B. Effects of milk pH alteration on casein micelle size and gelation properties of milk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1152480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hotnida Sinaga
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Nidhi Bansal
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Bhesh Bhandari
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
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27
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28
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Ye A, Cui J, Dalgleish D, Singh H. Formation of a structured clot during the gastric digestion of milk: Impact on the rate of protein hydrolysis. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Kethireddipalli P, Hill AR. Rennet Coagulation and Cheesemaking Properties of Thermally Processed Milk: Overview and Recent Developments. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9389-9403. [PMID: 25607716 DOI: 10.1021/jf504167v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Thermally induced changes in milk proteins and minerals, particularly interactions among caseins and denatured whey proteins, influence important properties of dairy products in both positive and negative ways. Whereas the extensive protein connectivity and increased water-holding capacity resulting from such heat-induced protein modification account for the much desired firmness of acid gels of yogurt, thermal processing, on the other hand, severely impairs clotting and adversely affects the cheesemaking properties of rennet-coagulated cheeses. In technological terms, the principal ongoing challenge in the cheese industry is to take advantage of the water-holding capacity of thermally aggregated whey proteins without compromising the rennetability of cheese milk or the textural and functional attributes of cheese. Including some recent data from the authors' laboratory, this paper will discuss important aspects and current literature on the use of thermally processed milk in the production of rennet-coagulated cheeses and also some of the potential alternatives available for inclusion of whey proteins in cheese, such as the addition of microparticulated whey proteins to cheese milk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arthur R Hill
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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30
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Akkerman M, Rauh VM, Christensen M, Johansen LB, Hammershøj M, Larsen LB. Effect of heating strategies on whey protein denaturation--Revisited by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Dairy Sci 2015; 99:152-66. [PMID: 26506552 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous standards in the area of effect of heat treatment processes on milk protein denaturation were based primarily on laboratory-scale analysis and determination of denaturation degrees by, for example, electrophoresis. In this study, whey protein denaturation was revisited by pilot-scale heating strategies and liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LC/MC Q-TOF) analysis. Skim milk was heat treated by the use of 3 heating strategies, namely plate heat exchanger (PHE), tubular heat exchanger (THE), and direct steam injection (DSI), under various heating temperatures (T) and holding times. The effect of heating strategy on the degree of denaturation of β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin was determined using LC/MC Q-TOF of pH 4.5-soluble whey proteins. Furthermore, effect of heating strategy on the rennet-induced coagulation properties was studied by oscillatory rheometry. In addition, rennet-induced coagulation of heat-treated micellar casein concentrate subjected to PHE was studied. For skim milk, the whey protein denaturation increased significantly as T and holding time increased, regardless of heating method. High denaturation degrees were obtained for T >100°C using PHE and THE, whereas DSI resulted in significantly lower denaturation degrees, compared with PHE and THE. Rennet coagulation properties were impaired by increased T and holding time regardless of heating method, although DSI resulted in less impairment compared with PHE and THE. No significant difference was found between THE and PHE for effect on rennet coagulation time, whereas the curd firming rate was significantly larger for THE compared with PHE. Micellar casein concentrate possessed improved rennet coagulation properties compared with skim milk receiving equal heat treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akkerman
- Department of Food Science, Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - V M Rauh
- Arla Foods Strategic Innovation Centre, Rørdrumvej 2, DK-8220 Brabrand, Denmark
| | - M Christensen
- Arla Foods Strategic Innovation Centre, Rørdrumvej 2, DK-8220 Brabrand, Denmark
| | - L B Johansen
- Arla Foods Strategic Innovation Centre, Rørdrumvej 2, DK-8220 Brabrand, Denmark
| | - M Hammershøj
- Department of Food Science, Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - L B Larsen
- Department of Food Science, Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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31
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Pesic MB, Barac MB, Stanojevic SP, Vrvic MM. Effect of pH on heat-induced casein-whey protein interactions: A comparison between caprine milk and bovine milk. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Current ways to modify the structure of whey proteins for specific functionalities—a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-014-0190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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33
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Sun Q, Wang XP, Yan QJ, Chen W, Jiang ZQ. Purification and Characterization of a Chymosin from Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:174-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Ripening of Sudanese Braided (Muddaffara) Cheese Manufactured from Raw or Pasteurized Milk: Effect of Heat Treatment and Salt Concentration on the Physicochemical Properties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2014; 2014:698263. [PMID: 26904645 PMCID: PMC4745551 DOI: 10.1155/2014/698263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the interactive effect of heat treatment (raw or pasteurized milk), ripening in salted whey (SW) and storage period for up to 3 months on the physicochemical properties of Sudanese braided cheese (SBC). Braided cheeses were manufactured from raw (BCRM) and pasteurized (BCPM) milk and ripened in SW (0%, 5%, and 10% salt) for up to 90 days. All the treatments significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected the physicochemical characteristics of SBC. The total solid, protein, and fat contents of BCRM or BCPM decreased (P ≤ 0.05), whereas their TA, SN, and salt contents increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) as storage period and the salt level of the whey were elevated. Both FRI and SRI of BCRM and BCPM increased with the increase in storage period and the salt level of the whey. For SN, FRI, SRI, pH, and moisture contents the magnitude of the change was more pronounced in BCRM than in BCPM, while for protein, fat, salt, and TS contents, the opposite was true; that is, the magnitude of the change was more pronounced in BCPM than in BCRM. Further studies are required to standardize muddaffara cheese manufacturing procedure particularly in rural areas.
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35
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Pontual EV, Carvalho BEA, Bezerra RS, Coelho LCBB, Napoleão TH, Paiva PMG. Caseinolytic and milk-clotting activities from Moringa oleifera flowers. Food Chem 2012; 135:1848-54. [PMID: 22953932 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the detection and characterization of caseinolytic and milk-clotting activities from Moringa oleifera flowers. Proteins extracted from flowers were precipitated with 60% ammonium sulphate. Caseinolytic activity of the precipitated protein fraction (PP) was assessed using azocasein, as well as α(s)-, β- and κ-caseins as substrates. Milk-clotting activity was analysed using skim milk. The effects of heating (30-100°C) and pH (3.0-11.0) on enzyme activities were determined. Highest caseinolytic activity on azocasein was detected after previous incubation of PP at pH 4.0 and after heating at 50°C. Milk-clotting activity, detected only in the presence of CaCl(2), was highest at incubation of PP at pH 3.0 and remained stable up to 50°C. The pre-treatment of milk at 70°C resulted in highest clotting activity. Enzyme assays in presence of protease inhibitors indicated the presence of aspartic, cysteine, serine and metallo proteases. Aspartic proteases appear to be the main enzymes involved in milk-clotting activity. PP promoted extensive cleavage of κ-casein and low level of α(s)- and β-caseins hydrolysis. The milk-clotting activity indicates the application of M. oleifera flowers in dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel V Pontual
- Departamento de Bioquímica-CCB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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36
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O'Loughlin IB, Murray BA, Kelly PM, FitzGerald RJ, Brodkorb A. Enzymatic hydrolysis of heat-induced aggregates of whey protein isolate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:4895-4904. [PMID: 22533541 DOI: 10.1021/jf205213n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of heat-induced denaturation and subsequent aggregation of whey protein isolate (WPI) solutions on the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated. Both heated (60 °C, 15 min; 65 °C, 5 and 15 min; 70 °C, 5 and 15 min, 75 °C, 5 and 15 min; 80 °C, 10 min) and unheated WPI solutions (100 g L(-1) protein) were incubated with a commercial proteolytic enzyme preparation, Corolase PP, until they reached a target degree of hydrolysis (DH) of 5%. WPI solutions on heating were characterized by large aggregate formation, higher viscosity, and surface hydrophobicity and hydrolyzed more rapidly (P < 0.001) than the unheated. The whey proteins exhibited differences in their susceptibility to hydrolysis. Both viscosity and surface hydrophobicity along with insolubility declined as hydrolysis progressed. However, microstructural changes observed by light and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) provided insights to suggest that aggregate size and porosity may be complementary to denaturation in promoting faster enzymatic hydrolysis. This could be clearly observed in the course of aggregate disintegration, gel network breakdown, and improved solution clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B O'Loughlin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
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37
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Kumari M, Sharma A, Jagannadham M. Religiosin B, a milk-clotting serine protease from Ficus religiosa. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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38
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Hsieh JF, Pan PH. Proteomic profiling of the coagulation of milk proteins induced by chymosin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:2039-2045. [PMID: 22304647 DOI: 10.1021/jf204582g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Chymosin-induced coagulation of individual milk proteins during incubation at 30 °C was investigated using a proteomic approach. The addition of chymosin (0.006 units/mL) caused the milk proteins to coagulate after a 3 h incubation period. Approximately 88% of the milk proteins were coagulated into the milk pellet fraction, and the protein concentration of the milk supernatant fraction (MSF) decreased from 29.88 ± 0.12 to 3.74 ± 0.13 mg/mL. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that α(S)-, β- and κ-caseins in the MSF were almost depleted and that the total intensity of the protein bands corresponding to α(S)-caseins (α(S1) and α(S2)), β-casein, and κ-casein decreased from 1088.0, 901.5, and 617.0 area units to 6.9, 6.1, and 5.2 area units, respectively. Two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis indicated that α(S1)-, α(S2)-, β-, and κ-casein and a fraction of the β-lactoglobulin and serum albumin were found in the MSF following incubation with chymosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Feng Hsieh
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei 242, Taiwan.
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39
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Anema SG, Lee SK, Klostermeyer H. Rennet-induced aggregation of heated pH-adjusted skim milk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:8413-8422. [PMID: 21675800 DOI: 10.1021/jf201198s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Heated (20-100 °C/0-30 min) skim milks (pH 6.5-7.1) were diluted in buffer (pH 7.0). Rennet was added, and the particle size with time was measured. For all samples, the size initially decreased (lag phase) and then increased (aggregation phase). Milks heated at ≤60 °C had short lag phases and rapid aggregation phases regardless of pH. Milks heated at >60 °C at pH 6.5 had long lag phases and slow aggregation phases. As the pH increased, the lag phase shortened and the aggregation phase accelerated. The aggregation time was correlated with the level of whey protein associated with the casein micelles and with the level of κ-casein dissociated from the micelles. Heated milks formed weak gels when renneted. It is proposed that the milks heated at low pH have whey proteins associated with the casein micelles and that these denatured whey proteins stabilize the micelles to aggregation by rennet and therefore inhibit gelation. In the milks heated at higher pH, the whey proteins associate with κ-casein in the serum and, on rennet treatment, the κ-casein-depleted micelles and the serum-phase whey protein/κ-casein complexes aggregate; however, the denatured whey proteins stabilize the aggregates so that gelation is still inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skelte G Anema
- Lehrstuhl für Chemie der Biopolymere, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.
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40
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How to tailor heat-induced whey protein/κ-casein complexes as a means to investigate the acid gelation of milk—a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-011-0013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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41
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Kethireddipalli P, Hill AR, Dalgleish DG. Interaction between casein micelles and whey protein/κ-casein complexes during renneting of heat-treated reconstituted skim milk powder and casein micelle/serum mixtures. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:1442-1448. [PMID: 21287987 DOI: 10.1021/jf103943e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Casein micelles were separated from unheated reconstituted skim milk powder (RSMP) and were resuspended in the serum of RSMP that had been heated, with and without dialysis of this serum against unheated RSMP. Using size-exclusion chromatography, it was found that the soluble complexes of whey protein (WP) with κ-casein in the serum of the heated milk bind progressively to unheated casein micelles during renneting, even prior to the onset of clotting. Similar trends were noted when casein micelles from RSMP heated at pH values of 6.7, 7.1, or 6.3, each with different amounts of WP coating the micelles, were renneted in the presence of soluble WP/κ-casein complexes. No matter what was the initial load of micelle-bound WP complexes, all micelle types were capable of binding additional serum protein complexes during renneting. However, it is not clear that this binding of WP/κ-casein complexes to the micellar surface is a direct cause of the impaired rennet clotting of the RSMP.
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42
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Teoh PL, Mirhosseini H, Mustafa S, Hussin ASM, Abdul Manap MY. Recent Approaches in the Development of Encapsulated Delivery Systems for Probiotics. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2011.547332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Guyomarc'h F, Violleau F, Surel O, Famelart MH. Characterization of heat-induced changes in skim milk using asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled with multiangle laser light scattering. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:12592-12601. [PMID: 21090649 DOI: 10.1021/jf102808f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Separation and size measurement of protein particles are a relevant approach to monitor heat-induced changes in skim milk. Unfortunately, no method is currently available at low cost and without excessive preparation of the samples. Therefore, the present study aimed at evaluating the interest of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AFlFFF) coupled with multiangle laser light scattering (MALLS) for this purpose. Unheated and heated skim milk samples at pH 6.5 and 7.2 were prepared and comparatively analyzed using AFlFFF-MALLS, size exclusion chromatography (SEC-MALLS) and dynamic light scattering. The results showed that AFlFFF could evidence the conversion of the native whey proteins of unheated milk into heat-induced whey protein/κ-casein complexes in the serum phase of milk and possibly on the surface of the casein micelles. The pH-induced changes in the partition of the complexes between the serum and the micellar phases could also be observed. The results therefore showed the interest of AFlFFF-MALLS to monitor the heat-induced changes in particle sizes in skim milk and to separate the different protein components of unheated and heated skim milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Guyomarc'h
- INRA, UMR 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, F-35 000 Rennes, France
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44
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Kethireddipalli P, Hill AR, Dalgleish DG. Protein interactions in heat-treated milk and effect on rennet coagulation. Int Dairy J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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45
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Purification and properties of a milk-clotting enzyme produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D4. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-010-0347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Chromik C, Partschefeld C, Jaros D, Henle T, Rohm H. Adjustment of vat milk treatment to optimize whey protein transfer into semi-hard cheese: A case study. J FOOD ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2010.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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47
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Merheb-Dini C, Gomes E, Boscolo M, da Silva R. Production and characterization of a milk-clotting protease in the crude enzymatic extract from the newly isolated Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae N31. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Cooper C, Corredig M, Alexander M. Investigation of the colloidal interactions at play in combined acidification and rennet of different heat-treated milks. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:4915-4922. [PMID: 20369801 DOI: 10.1021/jf100372b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The properties of gels obtained by combined acidification and rennet were investigated for milks heated at different temperature-time regimes using a high temperature short time (HTST) pilot plant system. Increasing amounts of heat-induced whey protein complexes were found in the soluble phase as a function of heating time/temperature, and only in the most extensively heated milk (i.e., 85 degrees C/300 s), these complexes were in quantities comparable to those reported in previous studies. Two levels of rennet were studied, and at the gelation pH, the amount of CMP released was 11 +/- 1% and 26 +/- 5% in the low and high rennet experiments, respectively. These two levels of rennet caused profound changes in the gelation behavior and in the structure development of the network. When a small amount of rennet was used, different heating temperature-time regimes did not affect the first stage of renneting. Increasing the extent of milk heat treatment and/or the level of rennet increased the pH of gelation and the stiffness of the gels. This work is the first to compare the effect of heating (using a pilot plant setup) and amount of rennet on the destabilization and interaction of casein micelles during aggregation by combined rennet and acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cooper
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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49
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Zhu JH, Yang XQ, Ahmad I, Jiang Y, Wang XY, Wu LY. Effect of guar gum on the rheological, thermal and textural properties of soybean β-conglycinin gel. Int J Food Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2009.01960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Donato L, Guyomarc'h F. Formation and properties of the whey protein/κ-casein complexes in heated skim milk – A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1051/dst:2008033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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