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Gedik O, Karahan AG. Properties and stability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AB6-25 and Saccharomyces boulardii T8-3C single and double-layered microcapsules containing Na-alginate and/or demineralized whey powder with lactobionic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132406. [PMID: 38754658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to enhance the survivability of the encapsulated biocomposites of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AB6-25 and Saccharomyces boulardii T8-3C within the gastrointestinal system (GIS) and during storage period. AB6-25 and T8-3C were individually co-encapsulated using either lactobionic acid (LBA) in Na-alginate (ALG)/demineralized whey powder (DWP) or solely potential probiotics in ALG microcapsules. Free probiotic cells were utilized as the control group. Both microcapsules and free cells underwent freeze-drying. The encapsulation and freeze-drying efficiency of core materials were evaluated. The protective effect of encapsulation on the probiotics was examined under simulated GIS conditions and during storage at either 25 °C or 4 °C. Additionally, the microcapsules underwent analysis using fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Encapsulation and freeze-drying processes were carried out efficiently in all groups (88.46 %-99.13 %). SEM revealed that the microcapsules possessed a spherical and homogeneous structure, with sizes ranging from 3 to 10 μm. ALG/DWP and LBA presence in the microcapsule structure was confirmed through FTIR, XRD analysis indicated the formation of a new composite. Over 180 days, all microcapsule groups stored at 4 °C maintained their therapeutic dosage viability. However, after four months, microcapsules stored at 25 °C exhibited a decline in yeast survivability below the therapeutic threshold. Experimental groups demonstrated better viability under simulated GIS conditions compared to the control. These findings suggest the potential use of microencapsulated probiotics as a food supplement and indicate that microcapsule groups containing AB6-25 and T8-3C stored at 4 °C can be preserved for six months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuzhan Gedik
- Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Food Engineering, Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Aynur Gül Karahan
- Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Food Engineering, Isparta, Türkiye.
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Gheorghita RE, Lupaescu AV, Gâtlan AM, Dabija D, Lobiuc A, Iatcu OC, Buculei A, Andriesi A, Dabija A. Biopolymers-Based Macrogels with Applications in the Food Industry: Capsules with Berry Juice for Functional Food Products. Gels 2024; 10:71. [PMID: 38247793 PMCID: PMC10815192 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study focused on the development of gel-based capsules from sodium alginate and the fresh juice from different berries: chokeberry, sea buckthorn, and blueberry. Obtained through the extrusion method, the macrocapsules were added into yogurt, a well-known and consumed dairy product. In order to establish the changes that can occur for the food product, the samples were tested over 7 and 15 days of storage in refrigeration conditions. According to the results, the antioxidant activity increased during storage and gels can represent a good option for bioactive substances' encapsulation. Sensorial analysis performed indicated that consumers are open to consuming yogurt berry capsules and, according to the results observed in the scientific literature, they no longer rejected the product due to the bitterness and sourness of sea buckthorn or aronia. Sea buckthorn capsules were brighter (L*) than chokeberry and blueberry capsules due to carotene content and dark colors. Minimal diameter variations and small standard deviations (SD = 0.25/0.33) suggest that extrusion methods and the Caviar box are good for gel capsule development. Yogurt luminosity varied with capsules; control had the highest, followed by sea buckthorn yogurt. Samples with chokeberry and blueberry (dark) capsules had lower luminosity. Over 8 and 15 days, luminosity slightly decreased, while a* and b* (hue and saturation) increased. Post-storage, the sample with chokeberry capsules showed a light purple color, indicating color transfer from capsules, with increased antioxidant activity. Differences between the samples and control were less pronounced in the sample with sea buckthorn capsules. Values for color differences between yogurt samples during the storage period revealed the most significant difference during the first storage period (day 1-8), with blueberries showing the lowest difference, indicating the stability of the blueberry capsules' wall during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Elena Gheorghita
- College of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 13 University Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.E.G.); (A.V.L.); (A.L.); (O.C.I.)
| | - Ancuta Veronica Lupaescu
- College of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 13 University Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.E.G.); (A.V.L.); (A.L.); (O.C.I.)
- Suceava-Botoșani Regional Innovative Bioeconomy Cluster Association, Airport Street 1, 720134 Suceava, Romania
| | - Anca Mihaela Gâtlan
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, University Street 13, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (A.B.); (A.D.)
- SC Natur Logistics SRL, 720043 Suceava, Romania
| | - Dadiana Dabija
- Faculty of Economics, Administration and Business, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Univeristy Street 13, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
| | - Andrei Lobiuc
- College of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 13 University Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.E.G.); (A.V.L.); (A.L.); (O.C.I.)
| | - Oana Camelia Iatcu
- College of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 13 University Street, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.E.G.); (A.V.L.); (A.L.); (O.C.I.)
| | - Amelia Buculei
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, University Street 13, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (A.B.); (A.D.)
| | | | - Adriana Dabija
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, University Street 13, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (A.B.); (A.D.)
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Lin Q, Si Y, Zhou F, Hao W, Zhang P, Jiang P, Cha R. Advances in polysaccharides for probiotic delivery: Properties, methods, and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121414. [PMID: 37940247 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are essential to improve the health of the host, whereas maintaining the viability of probiotics in harsh environments remains a challenge. Polysaccharides have non-toxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and outstanding biodegradability, which can protect probiotics by forming a physical barrier and show a promising prospect for probiotic delivery. In this review, we summarize polysaccharides commonly used for probiotic microencapsulation and introduce the microencapsulation technologies, including extrusion, emulsion, spray drying, freeze drying, and electrohydrodynamics. We discuss strategies for better protection of probiotics and introduce the applications of polysaccharides-encapsulated probiotics in functional food, oral formulation, and animal feed. Finally, we propose the challenges of polysaccharides-based delivery systems in industrial production and application. This review will help provide insight into the advances and challenges of polysaccharides in probiotic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China; Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Yanxue Si
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Fengshan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Wenshuai Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Pai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Peng Jiang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Ruitao Cha
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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Agriopoulou S, Tarapoulouzi M, Varzakas T, Jafari SM. Application of Encapsulation Strategies for Probiotics: From Individual Loading to Co-Encapsulation. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2896. [PMID: 38138040 PMCID: PMC10745938 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumers are increasingly showing a preference for foods whose nutritional and therapeutic value has been enhanced. Probiotics are live microorganisms, and their existence is associated with a number of positive effects in humans, as there are many and well-documented studies related to gut microbiota balance, the regulation of the immune system, and the maintenance of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Hence, probiotics are widely preferred by consumers, causing an increase in the corresponding food sector. As a consequence of this preference, food industries and those involved in food production are strongly interested in the occurrence of probiotics in food, as they have proven beneficial effects on human health when they exist in appropriate quantities. Encapsulation technology is a promising technique that aims to preserve probiotics by integrating them with other materials in order to ensure and improve their effectiveness. Encapsulated probiotics also show increased stability and survival in various stages related to their processing, storage, and gastrointestinal transit. This review focuses on the applications of encapsulation technology in probiotics in sustainable food production, including controlled release mechanisms and encapsulation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Agriopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece;
| | - Maria Tarapoulouzi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia CY-1678, Cyprus;
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece;
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49189-43464, Iran;
- Halal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran 14158-45371, Iran
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Chauhan J, Sharma RK. Synbiotic formulations with microbial biofilm, animal derived (casein, collagen, chitosan) and plant derived (starch, cellulose, alginate) prebiotic polymers: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125873. [PMID: 37473897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The need for a broader range of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics to improve the activity and functioning of gut microbiota has led to the development of new nutraceuticals formulations. These techniques majorly depend on the type of the concerned food, inclusive factors i.e. application of biotic components, probiotics, and synbiotics along with the type of encapsulation involved. For improvisation of the oral transfer mode of synbiotics delivery within the intestine along with viability, efficacy, and stability co-encapsulation is required. The present study explores encapsulation materials, probiotics and prebiotics in the form of synbiotics. The emphasis was given to the selection and usage of probiotic delivery matrix or prebiotic polymers, which primarily include animal derived (gelatine, casein, collagen, chitosan) and plant derived (starch, cellulose, pectin, alginate) materials. Beside this, the role of microbial polymers and biofilms (exopolysaccharides, extracellular polymeric substances) has also been discussed in the formation of probiotic functional foods. In this instance, the microbial biofilm is also used as suitable polymeric compound for encapsulation providing stability, viability, and efficacy. Thus, the review highlights the utilization of diverse prebiotic polymers in synbiotic formulations, along with microbial biofilms, which hold great potential for enhancing gut microbiota activity and improving overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Chauhan
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, India.
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Kistaubayeva A, Abdulzhanova M, Zhantlessova S, Savitskaya I, Karpenyuk T, Goncharova A, Sinyavskiy Y. The Effect of Encapsulating a Prebiotic-Based Biopolymer Delivery System for Enhanced Probiotic Survival. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071752. [PMID: 37050363 PMCID: PMC10097185 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Orally delivered probiotics must survive transit through harsh environments during gastrointestinal (GI) digestion and be delivered and released into the target site. The aim of this work was to evaluate the survivability and delivery of gel-encapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) to the colon. New hybrid symbiotic beads alginate/prebiotic pullulan/probiotic LGG were obtained by the extrusion method. The average size of the developed beads was 3401 µm (wet), 921 µm (dry) and the bacterial titer was 109 CFU/g. The morphology of the beads was studied by a scanning electron microscope, demonstrating the structure of the bacterial cellulose shell and loading with probiotics. For the first time, we propose adding an enzymatic extract of feces to an artificial colon fluid, which mimics the total hydrolytic activity of the intestinal microbiota. The beads can be digested by fecalase with cellulase activity, indicating intestinal release. The encapsulation of LGG significantly enhanced their viability under simulated GI conditions. However, the beads, in combination with the prebiotic, provided greater protection of bacteria, enhancing their survival and even increasing cell numbers in the capsules. These data suggest the promising prospects of coencapsulation as an innovative delivery method based on the inclusion of probiotic bacteria in a symbiotic matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Kistaubayeva
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Malika Abdulzhanova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Sirina Zhantlessova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Irina Savitskaya
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Tatyana Karpenyuk
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Alla Goncharova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
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7
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Sözeri-Atik D, Öztürk Hİ, Akın N, Özer B. Textural and rheological characterisation of yoghurts produced with cultures isolated from traditional back-slopped yoghurts. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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8
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Li H, Song W, Liu T, Xu S, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Liu D, Li H, Yu J. Developing novel synbiotic yoghurt with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and lactitol: Investigation of the microbiology, textural and rheological properties. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Gomez Quintero DF, Kok CR, Hutkins R. The Future of Synbiotics: Rational Formulation and Design. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:919725. [PMID: 35935226 PMCID: PMC9354465 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.919725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synbiotics, mixtures of live microbes and substrates selectively utilized by host organisms, are of considerable interest due to their ability to improve gastrointestinal health. However, formulating synbiotics remains challenging, due in part, to the absence of rational strategies to assess these products for synbiotic activities prior to clinical trials. Currently, synbiotics are formulated as either complementary or synergistic. Complementary synbiotics are made by combining probiotics and prebiotics, with each component acting independently and with the combination shown to provide a clinical health benefit. Most commercial synbiotics as well as those used in clinical trials have been of the complementary type. In contrast, synergistic synbiotics require that the added microbe is specifically stimulated or it’s persistence or activity are enhanced by the cognate substrate. Although several innovative examples have been described in the past few years based on this principle, in practice, relatively few synbiotic studies have tested for synergism. In this review, selected recent examples of complementary and synergistic synbiotics and the rationale for their formulation will be described. In addition, pre-clinical experimental approaches for identifying combinations that provide a basis for satisfying the requirements for synergism will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F. Gomez Quintero
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Car Reen Kok
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Complex Biosystems, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Robert Hutkins
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Robert Hutkins,
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Maciel da Silva R, Henrique Campelo P, Rodrigues S. In vitro viability of L. Casei B-442 and fructooligosaccharides integrity in Amazonian sapota-do-solimões functional juice. Food Res Int 2022; 154:111036. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Emerging Technologies and Coating Materials for Improved Probiotication in Food Products: a Review. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022; 15:998-1039. [PMID: 35126801 PMCID: PMC8800850 DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
From the past few decades, consumers' demand for probiotic-based functional and healthy food products is rising exponentially. Encapsulation is an emerging field to protect probiotics from unfavorable conditions and to deliver probiotics at the target place while maintaining the controlled release in the colon. Probiotics have been encapsulated for decades using different encapsulation methods to maintain their viability during processing, storage, and digestion and to give health benefits. This review focuses on novel microencapsulation techniques of probiotic bacteria including vacuum drying, microwave drying, spray freeze drying, fluidized bed drying, impinging aerosol technology, hybridization system, ultrasonication with their recent advancement, and characteristics of the commonly used polymers have been briefly discussed. Other than novel techniques, characterization of microcapsules along with their mechanism of release and stability have shown great interest recently in developing novel functional food products with synergetic effects, especially in COVID-19 outbreak. A thorough discussion of novel processing technologies and applications in food products with the incorporation of recent research works is the novelty and highlight of this review paper.
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Kumari M, Singh P, Nataraj BH, Kokkiligadda A, Naithani H, Azmal Ali S, Behare PV, Nagpal R. Fostering next-generation probiotics in human gut by targeted dietary modulation: An emerging perspective. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110716. [PMID: 34865747 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence and an in-depth understanding of the microbiome have helped in identifying beneficial commensals and their therapeutic potentials. Specific commensal taxa/ strains of the human gut microbiome have been positively associated with human health and recently termed as next-generation probiotics (NGPs). Of these, Akkermansia muciniphila, Ruminococcus bromii, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Anaerobutyricum hallii, and Roseburia intestinalis are the five most relevant gut-derived NGPs that have demonstrated therapeutic potential in managing metabolic diseases. Specific and natural dietary interventions can modulate the abundance and activity of these beneficial bacteria in the gut. Hence, the understanding of targeted stimulation of specific NGP by specific probiotic-targeted diets (PTD) is indispensable for the rational application of their combination. The supplementation of NGP with its specific PTD will help the strain(s) to compete with harmful microbes and acquire its niche. This combination would enhance the effectiveness of NGPs to be used as "live biotherapeutic products" or food nutraceuticals. Under the current milieu, we review various PTDs that influence the abundance of specific potential NGPs, and contemplates potential interactions between diet, microbes, and their effects on host health. Taking into account the study mentioned, we propose that combining NGPs will provide an alternate solution for developing the new diet in conjunction with PTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manorama Kumari
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Parul Singh
- Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Basavaprabhu H Nataraj
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Anusha Kokkiligadda
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Harshita Naithani
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Pradip V Behare
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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Effect of a microencapsulated synbiotic product on microbiology, microstructure, textural and rheological properties of stirred yogurt. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Zhong SR, Li MF, Zhang ZH, Zong MH, Wu XL, Lou WY. Novel Antioxidative Wall Materials for Lactobacillus casei Microencapsulation via the Maillard Reaction between the Soy Protein Isolate and Prebiotic Oligosaccharides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13744-13753. [PMID: 34780175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three kinds of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) have been, for the first time, successfully prepared by conjugating soy protein isolate (SPI) with isomaltooligosaccharide, xylooligosaccharide, or galactooligosaccharide at 80 °C for 30 or 60 min and applied for the construction of Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) microcapsules. The results showed that MRPs exhibited enhanced antioxidative activities compared with their physically mixed counterparts. The digested MRPs displayed excellent resistance to pathogenic bacteria and promoted the growth of L. casei. Moreover, MRP-encapsulated L. casei showed a higher survival rate than free L. casei under tested adverse conditions including heat treatment, storage, and mechanical forces. Under simulated digestion conditions, the viability of L. casei decreased from 8.8 log cfu/mL to 1.6 log cfu/mL, while that of MRP-encapsulated L. casei was maintained at 7.4 log cfu/mL. Thus, MRP-based SPI-oligosaccharide conjugates exhibited great potential for microencapsulation of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Rui Zhong
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Meng-Fan Li
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Zhang
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Wu
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Wen-Yong Lou
- Lab of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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Intestinal Microbiota, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Oxidative Status of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Mushroom Waste Compost By-Products. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092550. [PMID: 34573516 PMCID: PMC8464814 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study investigated the effects of Pennisetum purpureum waste mushroom compost (PWMC) supplementation on microbiota, as well as its effects on the antioxidant capacities and inflammatory response characteristics of broiler chickens. Results showed that a 5% replacement of a soybean meal via PWMC feeds could enhance the health of chickens by maintaining intestinal microbiota balance, improving antioxidant capacities, and decreasing inflammatory response. Supplementation also further increased the appetite of broilers, thereby improving their growth performances. Furthermore, the number of Lactobacillus also increased in the intestinal tracts. High-fiber mushroom waste compost effectively increased the mRNA expression of appetite-related genes in broilers. The broilers’ gut barrier function also increased, while the number of Turicibacter in the cecum decreased. It was concluded that a 5% replacement of a soybean meal via PWMC could enhance intestinal health; therefore, it is recommended for the broiler chickens’ diet. Abstract This study investigated the effects of using mushroom waste compost as the residue medium for Pleurotus eryngii planting, which was used as a feed replacement; its consequent influence on broiler chickens’ intestinal microbiota, anti-inflammatory responses, and anti-oxidative status was likewise studied. A total of 240 male broilers were used and allocated to four treatment groups: the basal diet—control group (corn–soybean); 5% replacement of a soybean meal via PWMC (Pennisetum purpureum Schum No. 2 waste mushroom compost); 5% replacement of a soybean meal via FPW (Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermented PWMC); 5% replacement of a soybean meal via PP (Pennisetum purpureum Schum No. 2). Each treatment had three replicates and 20 birds per pen. The levels of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase mRNA as well as protein increased in the liver and serum in chickens, respectively; mRNA levels of inflammation-related genes were also suppressed 2 to 10 times in all treatments as compared to those in the control group. The tight junction and mucin were enhanced 2 to 10 times in all treatment groups as compared to those in the control, especially in the PWMC group. Nevertheless, the appetite-related mRNA levels were increased in the PWMC and FPW groups by at least two times. In ileum and cecum, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios in broilers were decreased in the PWMC, FPW, and PP groups. The Lactobacillaceae in the ileum were increased mainly in the PWMC and control groups. Overall, high-fiber feeds (PWMC, FPW, and PP) could enhance the broilers’ health by improving their antioxidant capacities and decreasing their inflammatory response as compared to the control. Based on the results, a 5% replacement of the soybean meal via PWMC is recommended in the broiler chickens’ diet.
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Microencapsulation of Bioactive Ingredients for Their Delivery into Fermented Milk Products: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154601. [PMID: 34361753 PMCID: PMC8347884 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The popularity and consumption of fermented milk products are growing. On the other hand, consumers are interested in health-promoting and functional foods. Fermented milk products are an excellent matrix for the incorporation of bioactive ingredients, making them functional foods. To overcome the instability or low solubility of many bioactive ingredients under various environmental conditions, the encapsulation approach was developed. This review analyzes the fortification of three fermented milk products, i.e., yogurt, cheese, and kefir with bioactive ingredients. The encapsulation methods and techniques alongside the encapsulant materials for carotenoids, phenolic compounds, omega-3, probiotics, and other micronutrients are discussed. The effect of encapsulation on the properties of bioactive ingredients themselves and on textural and sensory properties of fermented milk products is also presented.
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Co-Encapsulated Synbiotics and Immobilized Probiotics in Human Health and Gut Microbiota Modulation. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061297. [PMID: 34200108 PMCID: PMC8230215 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing interest in the development of innovative functional products as ideal carriers for synbiotics, e.g., nutrient bars, yogurt, chocolate, juice, ice cream, and cheese, to ensure the daily intake of probiotics and prebiotics, which are needed to maintain a healthy gut microbiota and overall well-being, is undeniable and inevitable. This review focuses on the modern approaches that are currently being developed to modulate the gut microbiota, with an emphasis on the health benefits mediated by co-encapsulated synbiotics and immobilized probiotics. The impact of processing, storage, and simulated gastrointestinal conditions on the viability and bioactivity of probiotics together with prebiotics such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytochemicals, and dietary fibers using various delivery systems are considered. Despite the proven biological properties of synbiotics, research in this area needs to be focused on the proper selection of probiotic strains, their prebiotic counterparts, and delivery systems to avoid suppression of their synergistic or complementary effect on human health. Future directions should lead to the development of functional food products containing stable synbiotics tailored for different age groups or specifically designed to fulfill the needs of adjuvant therapy.
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Verma DK, Patel AR, Thakur M, Singh S, Tripathy S, Srivastav PP, Chávez-González ML, Gupta AK, Aguilar CN. A review of the composition and toxicology of fructans, and their applications in foods and health. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Barajas-Álvarez P, González-Ávila M, Espinosa-Andrews H. Recent Advances in Probiotic Encapsulation to Improve Viability under Storage and Gastrointestinal Conditions and Their Impact on Functional Food Formulation. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1928691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Barajas-Álvarez
- Food Technology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Marisela González-Ávila
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Hugo Espinosa-Andrews
- Food Technology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
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Chand P, Kumar MD, Singh AK, Deshwal GK, Rao PS, Tomar SK, Sharma H. Low‐calorie synbiotic yoghurt from indigenous probiotic culture and combination of inulin and oligofructose: Improved sensory, rheological, and textural attributes. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prittam Chand
- Food Technology Lab, Dairy Technology Division ICAR‐National Dairy Research Institute Karnal India
| | - M. Dharani Kumar
- Food Technology Lab, Dairy Technology Division ICAR‐National Dairy Research Institute Karnal India
| | - Ashish Kumar Singh
- Food Technology Lab, Dairy Technology Division ICAR‐National Dairy Research Institute Karnal India
| | - Gaurav Kr Deshwal
- Food Technology Lab, Dairy Technology Division ICAR‐National Dairy Research Institute Karnal India
| | - Priyanka Singh Rao
- Dairy Chemistry and Bacteriology Section ICAR‐National Dairy Research InstituteSouthern Regional Station Bengaluru India
| | - Sudhir K. Tomar
- Dairy Microbiology Division ICAR‐National Dairy Research Institute Karnal India
| | - Heena Sharma
- Food Technology Lab, Dairy Technology Division ICAR‐National Dairy Research Institute Karnal India
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González-Herrera SM, Bermúdez-Quiñones G, Ochoa-Martínez LA, Rutiaga-Quiñones OM, Gallegos-Infante JA. Synbiotics: a technological approach in food applications. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 58:811-824. [PMID: 33678864 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present review is to explore the research about synbiotic food diversity, as well as the probiotics and prebiotics concentration used there in, and the different tests that this type of food is subjected to. The interaction probiotic-prebiotic-food is complex. The role of probiotics is clear, but the role of prebiotics is variable, as they are used for different purposes. The required doses in order to exert beneficial effects upon consumer health are adequate for probiotics, but not for prebiotics. The food processes affect in different ways the probiotics growth. It is essential to carry out more studies with protection technologies for probiotics, on the other hand, it is needed to assess if probiotics survival is because of the food matrix or because of the prebiotic with further experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marina González-Herrera
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote, Col. Nueva Vizcaya, Durango, DGO México
| | - Gabriela Bermúdez-Quiñones
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote, Col. Nueva Vizcaya, Durango, DGO México
| | - Luz Araceli Ochoa-Martínez
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote, Col. Nueva Vizcaya, Durango, DGO México
| | - Olga Miriam Rutiaga-Quiñones
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote, Col. Nueva Vizcaya, Durango, DGO México
| | - José Alberto Gallegos-Infante
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote, Col. Nueva Vizcaya, Durango, DGO México
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