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Moura-Alves M, Souza VGL, Silva JA, Esteves A, Pastrana LM, Saraiva C, Cerqueira MA. Characterization of Sodium Alginate-Based Films Blended with Olive Leaf and Laurel Leaf Extracts Obtained by Ultrasound-Assisted Technology. Foods 2023; 12:4076. [PMID: 38002134 PMCID: PMC10670003 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to environmental concerns, there is an increasing need to reduce the use of synthetic and non-renewable packaging materials to reduce waste and increase sustainability. This study aimed to characterise sodium alginate edible-based films (SA) incorporated with laurel leaf extract (LLE) and olive leaf extract (OLE) obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction. Determination of total phenolic content, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity was performed for the extracts and films. Also, thickness, tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus of elasticity, opacity and colour, moisture content, water vapour permeability (WVP), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, and surface morphology by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses were performed for the films. LLE yielded better results in terms of phenolic content (195 mg GAE/g), antioxidant (2.1 TE/g extract) and antimicrobial activity (MIC at 1% for Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, and 1.8% for Enterococcus faecalis). For the films, the simultaneous incorporation of LLE 1% (w/v) and OLE 1% (w/v) resulted in a significant reduction of approximately 2 log CFU/g against S. aureus. The addition of LLE and OLE extracts also proved to improve barrier properties (lower WVP for SA films with LLE 1% + OLE 1%, 3.49 × 10-11 g m-1 s-1 Pa-1) and promoted changes in resistance and flexibility. The results demonstrated that active alginate-based films can be valuable for enhancing food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Moura-Alves
- CECAV—Centre for Studies in Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.A.S.); (A.E.); (C.S.)
- AL4AnimalS—Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- INL—International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (V.G.L.S.); (L.M.P.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Victor Gomes Lauriano Souza
- INL—International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (V.G.L.S.); (L.M.P.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Jose A. Silva
- CECAV—Centre for Studies in Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.A.S.); (A.E.); (C.S.)
- AL4AnimalS—Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Esteves
- CECAV—Centre for Studies in Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.A.S.); (A.E.); (C.S.)
- AL4AnimalS—Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Lorenzo M. Pastrana
- INL—International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (V.G.L.S.); (L.M.P.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Cristina Saraiva
- CECAV—Centre for Studies in Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Trás-Os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.A.S.); (A.E.); (C.S.)
- AL4AnimalS—Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Miguel A. Cerqueira
- INL—International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (V.G.L.S.); (L.M.P.); (M.A.C.)
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2
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Zhang Y, Zhou M, Zhou Y, Guan X. Dietary components regulate chronic diseases through gut microbiota: a review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6752-6766. [PMID: 37225671 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, gut microbiota as an immune organ has gradually become the mainstream of research. When the composition of the gut microbiota is changed significantly, this may affect human health. This review details the major microbiota composition and metabolites in the gut and discusses chronic diseases based on gut dysbiosis, including obesity, liver injury, colon cancer, atherosclerosis, and central nervous system diseases. We comprehensively summarize the changes in abundance of relevant gut microbiota by ingesting different diet components (such as food additives, dietary polyphenols, polysaccharides, fats, proteins) and their influence on the microbial quorum sensing system, thereby regulating related diseases. We believe that quorum sensing can be used as a new entry point to explain the mechanism of ingesting dietary components to improve gut microbiota and thereby regulate related diseases. This review hopes to provide a theoretical basis for future research on improving disease symptoms by ingesting functional foods containing dietary components. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqin Zhou
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
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Saciloto-de-Oliveira LR, Broetto L, Alves CI, da Rosa RL, Calegari Alves YP, da Silva RC, Berger M, Macedo AJ, Dalberto PF, Bizarro CV, Guimarães JA, Yates JR, Santi L, Beys-da-Silva WO. Metarhizium anisopliae E6 secretome reveals molecular players in host specificity and toxicity linked to cattle tick infection. Fungal Biol 2023; 127:1136-1145. [PMID: 37495304 PMCID: PMC10394656 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Although Metarhizium anisopliae is one of the most studied fungal biocontrol agents, its infection mechanism is far from being completely understood. Using multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT), we evaluated the differential secretome of M. anisopliae E6 induced by the host Rhipicephalus microplus cuticle. The proteomic result showed changes in the expression of 194 proteins after exposure to host cuticle, such as proteins involved in adhesion, penetration, stress and fungal defense. Further, we performed a comparative genomic distribution of differentially expressed proteins of the M. anisopliae secretome against another arthropod pathogen, using the Beauveria bassiana ARSEF2860 protein repertory. Among 47 analyzed protein families, thirty were overexpressed in the M. anisopliae E6 predicted genome compared to B. bassiana. An in vivo toxicity assay using a Galleria mellonella model confirmed that the M. anisopliae E6 secretome was more toxic in cattle tick infections compared to other secretomes, including B. bassiana with cattle ticks and M. anisopliae E6 with the insect Dysdereus peruvianus, which our proteomic results had also suggested. These results help explain molecular aspects associated with host infection specificity due to genetic differences and gene expression control at the protein level in arthropod-pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rafael Lopes da Rosa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Yohana Porto Calegari Alves
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Markus Berger
- Research of Experimental Center, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, Brazil; Tick-Pathogen Transmission Unit, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, MT, USA
| | - Alexandre José Macedo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - John R Yates
- Scripps Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, CA, United States
| | - Lucélia Santi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Walter Orlando Beys-da-Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Citrus sinensis Essential Oils an Innovative Antioxidant and Antipathogenic Dual Strategy in Food Preservation against Spoliage Bacteria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020246. [PMID: 36829805 PMCID: PMC9952847 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluates the chemical compositions and antioxidant and antipathogenic properties of commercial orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) essential oils obtained using the cold-press method (EOP) and the cold-press method followed by steam distillation (EOPD). The chemical compositions of the volatilizable fractions, determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, were similar in both samples. A relatively large amount of γ-terpinene was found in the EOPD (1.75%) as compared to the EOP (0.84%). Monoterpene hydrocarbons with limonene (90.4-89.8%) followed by myrcene (3.2-3.1%) as the main compounds comprised the principal phytochemical group. The non-volatile phenolics were eight times higher in the EOP than in the EOPD. Several assays with different specificity levels were used to study the antioxidant activity. Although both essential oils presented similar reducing capacities, the radical elimination ability was higher for the EOP. Regarding the antipathogenic properties, the EOs inhibited the biomass and cell viability of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Furthermore, both EOs similarly attenuated the production of elastase, pyocyanin, and quorum-sensing autoinducers as assessed using Gram-negative bacteria. The EOP and EOPD showed important antioxidant and antipathogenic properties, so they could represent natural alternatives to extend the shelf life of food products by preventing oxidation and contamination caused by microbial spoilage.
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The Use of Natural Methods to Control Foodborne Biofilms. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010045. [PMID: 36678393 PMCID: PMC9865977 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are large aggregates of various species of bacteria or other microorganisms tightly attached to surfaces through an intricate extracellular matrix. These complex microbial communities present quite the challenge in the food processing industry, as conditions such as raw meats and diverse food product content in contact with workers, drains, machinery, and ventilation systems, make for prime circumstances for contamination. Adding to the challenge is the highly resistant nature of these biofilm growths and the need to keep in mind that any antimicrobials utilized in these situations risk health implications with human consumption of the products that are being processed in these locations. For that reason, the ideal means of sanitizing areas of foodborne biofilms would be natural means. Herein, we review a series of innovative natural methods of targeting foodborne biofilms, including bacteriocins, bacteriophages, fungi, phytochemicals, plant extracts, essential oils, gaseous and aqueous control, photocatalysis, enzymatic treatments, and ultrasound mechanisms.
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Abbas MA, Lee EB, Boby N, Biruhanu BT, Park SC. A pharmacodynamic investigation to assess the synergism of orbifloxacin and propyl gallate against Escherichia coli. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:989395. [PMID: 36188537 PMCID: PMC9521280 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.989395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections are becoming increasingly difficult to treat, as antibiotic-resistant variants proliferate. Studies on novel methods to combat the spread of resistance and improve the performance of current antibiotics are vital. We aimed to boost the efficacy of the antibiotic orbifloxacin (ORB) against E. coli by combining it with a phenolic component, propyl gallate (PG). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of ORB against the E. coli KVCC 1423 resistant strain were 128 μg/ml and 256 μg/ml, respectively. However, the MIC of ORB for the remaining E. coli strains was 0.5 μg/ml–2 μg/ml. For the combination of PG and ORB, the lowest fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index was less than 0.5, and the combination decreased the MIC of both drugs by 74%. The time-kill assay revealed the killing properties of both the drugs and the pharmacodynamic model (PD model) confirmed the strong killing properties of the combination as compared to the individual activities of the drugs. The ratio between MIC and mutant prevention concentration of ORB against E. coli 1400306 and 1,423 were 1:32 and 1:8, respectively. The combination of ORB and PG showed strong biofilm eradication and inhibited the motility of bacteria. The cell viability of the combination was > 80%. Therefore, we believe that ORB and PG in combination could be a possible antibacterial candidate that could minimize resistance and improve antibiotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aleem Abbas
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Cardiovascular Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Eon-Bee Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Cardiovascular Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Naila Boby
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Cardiovascular Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Biruk Tesfaye Biruhanu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Cardiovascular Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Biruk Tesfaye Biruhanu, ; Seung-Chun Park,
| | - Seung-Chun Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Cardiovascular Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Biruk Tesfaye Biruhanu, ; Seung-Chun Park,
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Electrochemical Control of Biofilm Formation and Approaches to Biofilm Removal. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review deals with microbial adhesion to metal-based surfaces and the subsequent biofilm formation, showing that both processes are a serious problem in the food industry, where pathogenic microorganisms released from the biofilm structure may pollute food and related material during their production. Biofilm exhibits an increased resistance toward sanitizers and disinfectants, which complicates the removal or inactivation of microorganisms in these products. In the existing traditional techniques and modern approaches for clean-in-place, electrochemical biofilm control offers promising technology, where surface properties or the reactions taking place on the surface are controlled to delay or prevent cell attachment or to remove microbial cells from the surface. In this overview, biofilm characterization, the classification of bacteria-forming biofilms, the influence of environmental conditions for bacterial attachment to material surfaces, and the evaluation of the role of biofilm morphology are described in detail. Health aspects, biofilm control methods in the food industry, and conventional approaches to biofilm removal are included as well, in order to consider the possibilities and limitations of various electrochemical approaches to biofilm control with respect to potential applications in the food industry.
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8
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Zhang M, Li H, Agyekumwaa AK, Yu Y, Xiao X. Effects of citronellal on growth and enterotoxins production in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. Toxicon 2022; 213:92-98. [PMID: 35489426 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is known to be one of the most common foodborne pathogens capable of secreting a wide range of exotoxins such as enterotoxin, which severely threatens the health of consumers. Over the past few years, the development of safe and effective strategies in inhibiting the growth and enterotoxins generation of S. aureus in food turns out to be the research focus and emphasis. This research explores citronellal (CIT), a native compound with extensive existence in spices, which could effectively inhibit the growth and enterotoxins generation of S. aureus (ATCC 29213). Results from minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time-kill curves, showed that CIT could tremendously inhibit the growth of S. aureus. Analysis on hemolysin showed that CIT at sub-MIC could significantly (p < 0.05) inhibit the hemolytic activity of S. aureus. As revealed by the results of ELISA, the production of enterotoxins in the culture supernatant and pork meat decreased significantly (p < 0.05) after exposure to CIT at sub-MIC. Furthermore, a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in dose-dependent was found in the transcription levels of virulence-related genes. In all, CIT proved to be a possible inhibitor of the growth and enterotoxins production of S. aureus with highly promising application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Zhang
- Research Center of Food Safety and Detection, College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Research Center of Food Safety and Detection, College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Addo Keren Agyekumwaa
- Research Center of Food Safety and Detection, College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yigang Yu
- Research Center of Food Safety and Detection, College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Xinglong Xiao
- Research Center of Food Safety and Detection, College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Paulitsch-Fuchs AH, Bödendorfer B, Wolrab L, Eck N, Dyer NP, Lohberger B. Effect of Cobalt–Chromium–Molybdenum Implant Surface Modifications on Biofilm Development of S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:837124. [PMID: 35300379 PMCID: PMC8921486 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.837124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Periprosthetic infections are an eminent factor in patient care and also having significant economic implications. The number of biofilm-infection related replacement surgeries is increasing and will continue to do so in the following decades. To reduce both the health burden of the patients and the costs to the healthcare sector, new solutions for implant materials resistant to such infections are necessary. This study researches different surface modifications of cobalt–chromium–molybdenum (CoCrMo) based implant materials and their influence on the development of biofilms. Three smooth surfaces (CoCrMo, CoCrMo TiN, and CoCrMo polished) and three rough surfaces (CoCrMo porous coated, CoCrMo cpTi, and CoCrMo TCP) are compared. The most common infectious agents in periprosthetic infections are Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-negative staphylococci (e.g., Staphylococcus epidermidis), therefore strains of these two species have been chosen as model organisms. Biofilms were grown on material disks for 48 h and cell number, polysaccharide content, and protein contend of the biofilms were measured. Additionally, regulation of genes involved in early biofilm development (S. aureus icaA, icaC, fnbA, fnbB, clfB, atl; S. epidermidis atlE, aap) was detected using RT-q-PCR. All results were compared to the base alloy without modifications. The results show a correlation between the surface roughness and the protein and polysaccharide content of biofilm structures and also the gene expression of the biofilms grown on the different surface modifications. This is supported by the significantly different protein and polysaccharide contents of the biofilms associated with rough and smooth surface types. Additionally, early phase biofilm genes (particularly icaA, icaC, and aap) are statistically significantly downregulated compared to the control at 48 h on rough surfaces. CoCrMo TiN and polished CoCrMo were the two smooth surface modifications which performed best on the basis of low biofilm content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid H. Paulitsch-Fuchs
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Carinthia, Klagenfurt, Austria
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Benjamin Bödendorfer
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Carinthia, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Lukas Wolrab
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Carinthia, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Nicole Eck
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nigel P. Dyer
- Bioinformatics Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Birgit Lohberger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- *Correspondence: Birgit Lohberger,
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Awadelkareem AM, Al-Shammari E, Elkhalifa AO, Adnan M, Siddiqui AJ, Mahmood D, Azad ZRAA, Patel M, Mehmood K, Danciu C, Ashraf SA. Anti-Adhesion and Antibiofilm Activity of Eruca sativa Miller Extract Targeting Cell Adhesion Proteins of Food-Borne Bacteria as a Potential Mechanism: Combined In Vitro-In Silico Approach. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:610. [PMID: 35270080 PMCID: PMC8912376 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cells have the ability to form biofilm onto the surfaces of food matrixes and on food processing equipment, leading to a source of food contamination posing serious health implications. Therefore, our study aimed to determine the effect of Eruca sativa Miller (E. sativa) crude extract against biofilms of food-borne bacteria along with in silico approaches to investigate adhesion proteins responsible for biofilm activity against the identified phytochemicals. The antibacterial potential of crude extract was evaluated using agar well diffusion technique and combinations of light and scanning electron microscopy to assess the efficacy of crude extract against the developed biofilms. Our results showed that crude extract of E. sativa was active against all tested food-borne bacteria, exhibiting a rapid kinetics of killing bacteria in a time-dependent manner. MIC and MBC values of E. sativa crude extract were found to be ranging from 125 to 500 µg/mL and 250 to 1000 µg/mL respectively. Furthermore, inhibition of developed biofilm by E sativa was found to be ranging from 58.68% to 73.45% for all the tested strains. The crude extract also reduced the viability of bacterial cells within biofilms and amount of EPS (ranging 59.73-82.77%) in the biofilm matrix. Additionally, the microscopic images also revealed significant disruption in the structure of biofilms. A molecular docking analysis of E. sativa phytochemicals showed interaction with active site of adhesion proteins Sortase A, EspA, OprD, and type IV b pilin of S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. enterica ser. typhi, respectively. Thus, our findings represent the first demonstration of E. sativa crude extract's bioactivity and potency against food-borne bacteria in their planktonic forms, as well as against the developed biofilms. Therefore, a possible mechanistic approach for inhibition of biofilm via targeting adhesion proteins can be explored further to target biofilm producing food-borne bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mahgoub Awadelkareem
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 34464, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (E.A.-S.); (A.O.E.)
| | - Eyad Al-Shammari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 34464, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (E.A.-S.); (A.O.E.)
| | - AbdElmoneim O. Elkhalifa
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 34464, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (E.A.-S.); (A.O.E.)
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 34464, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.J.S.)
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 34464, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.J.S.)
| | - Danish Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6688, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Z. R. Azaz Ahmad Azad
- Department of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India;
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Bapalal Vaidya Botanical Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat 395007, India;
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 34464, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Corina Danciu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Syed Amir Ashraf
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 34464, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (E.A.-S.); (A.O.E.)
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