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Shalileh F, Sabahi H, Golbashy M, Dadmehr M, Hosseini M. A simple smartphone-assisted paper-based colorimetric biosensor for the detection of urea adulteration in milk based on an environment-friendly pH-sensitive nanocomposite. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1284:341935. [PMID: 37996167 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Urea is a common milk adulterant that falsely increases its protein content. Excessive consumption of urea is harmful to the kidney, liver, and gastrointestinal system. The conventional methods for urea detection in milk are time-consuming, costly, and require highly skilled operators. So, there is an increasing demand for the development of rapid, convenient, and cost-efficient methods for the detection of urea adulteration in milk. Herein, we report a novel colorimetric paper-based urea biosensor, consisting of a novel environment-friendly nanocomposite of halloysite nanotubes (HNT), that urease enzyme and an anthocyanin-rich extract, as a natural pH indicator are simultaneously immobilized into its internal and external surfaces. The biosensing mechanism of this biosensor is based on anthocyanin color change, which occurs due to urease-mediated hydrolysis of urea and pH increment of the environment. The colorimetric signal of this biosensor is measured through smartphone-assisted analysis of the mean RGB (Red-Green-Blue) intensity of samples and is capable of detecting urea with a detection limit of 0.2 mM, and a linear range from 0.5 to 100 mM. This biosensor has demonstrated promising results for the detection of urea in milk samples, in the presence of other milk adulterants and interferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Shalileh
- Nanobiosensors Lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Sabahi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Golbashy
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dadmehr
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Hosseini
- Nanobiosensors Lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Lewandowski Ł, Bednarz-Misa I, Kucharska AZ, Kubiak A, Kasprzyk P, Sozański T, Przybylska D, Piórecki N, Krzystek-Korpacka M. Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) Extracts Exert Cytotoxicity in Two Selected Melanoma Cell Lines—A Factorial Analysis of Time-Dependent Alterations in Values Obtained with SRB and MTT Assays. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134193. [PMID: 35807436 PMCID: PMC9268180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that phytochemicals of Cornaceae species have long been discussed as possible auxiliary agents in contemporary treatment, the insights on their properties remain relatively scarce. This study focuses on Cornus mas L. (Cornelian cherry), the extracts of which are reported to exert a pleiotropic effect shown in both in vivo and in vitro studies. This study aimed to explore the cytotoxic effect of extracts from fruits of red (Cornus mas L. ‘Podolski’) and yellow (Cornus mas L. ‘Yantarnyi’ and ‘Flava’) Cornelian cherries on two melanoma cell lines (A375 and MeWo). The extracts were characterized in the context of the concentration of bioactive compounds of antioxidative properties. Cytotoxicity was investigated with the use of the following two assays: SRB and MTT. An additional, alternative protocol for the SRB assay was used in this study so as to account for possible bias. Cytotoxicity was assessed as a difference in the whole time series of cell viability, instead of analyzing differences in raw values (often found in the literature). Both extracts from Cornus mas L. induced cytotoxicity in both A375 and MeWo cell lines, although the response of these cells was different. Moreover, based on this study, there is no evidence for claiming a different magnitude of cytotoxicity between these two extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Lewandowski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (A.K.); (P.K.); (M.K.-K.)
- Correspondence: (Ł.L.); (A.Z.K.)
| | - Iwona Bednarz-Misa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (A.K.); (P.K.); (M.K.-K.)
| | - Alicja Z. Kucharska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, J. Chelmonskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (Ł.L.); (A.Z.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Kubiak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (A.K.); (P.K.); (M.K.-K.)
| | - Patrycja Kasprzyk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (A.K.); (P.K.); (M.K.-K.)
| | - Tomasz Sozański
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Dominika Przybylska
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, J. Chelmonskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Narcyz Piórecki
- Bolestraszyce Arboretum and Institute of Physiography, Bolestraszyce 130, 37-722 Wyszatyce, Poland;
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszow, Cicha 2A, 35-326 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.B.-M.); (A.K.); (P.K.); (M.K.-K.)
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Shanmugam H, Rengarajan C, Nataraj S, Sharma A. Interactions of plant food bioactives‐loaded nano delivery systems at the nano‐bio interface and its pharmacokinetics: An overview. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haripriya Shanmugam
- Department of Nano Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Tamil Nadu India
| | - Chitra Rengarajan
- Department of Nano Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Tamil Nadu India
| | - Swathika Nataraj
- Department of Nano Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Tamil Nadu India
| | - Aashima Sharma
- Department of Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh India
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Popović BM, Blagojević B, Latković D, Četojević-Simin D, Kucharska AZ, Parisi F, Lazzara G. A one step enhanced extraction and encapsulation system of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) polyphenols and iridoids with β-cyclodextrin. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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