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Psarianos M, Iranshahi K, Rossi S, Gottardi D, Schlüter O. Quality evaluation of house cricket flour processed by electrohydrodynamic drying and pulsed electric fields treatment. Food Chem 2024; 441:138276. [PMID: 38215501 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
House crickets are expected to play a significant role in the future food sector. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) drying offers an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional drying methods. Pulsed electric fields (PEF) is a non-thermal process that facilitates conventional processes. EHD was applied to house crickets with and without PEF pretreatment, and the effect of PEF and EHD on the quality of the insects was evaluated. PEF pretreatment positively affected the oven drying at 60 °C by reducing its duration and thus decreasing the energy consumption by 14.22%. Moisture removal of EHD was not sufficient to replace oven drying, but when combined with oven drying, the overall energy consumption was reduced by >50%. PEF processing also increased the protein solubility (53.07% higher than the respective control) and antioxidant activity (24.05% higher than the respective control) of the oven-dried samples and reduced the histamine content of the EHD-dried samples (25.87% lower than the respective control).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Psarianos
- Horticultural Engineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Kamran Iranshahi
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH-Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
| | - Samantha Rossi
- University of Bologna, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Davide Gottardi
- University of Bologna, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Oliver Schlüter
- Horticultural Engineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; University of Bologna, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
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Rossi S, Gottardi D, Barbiroli A, Di Nunzio M, Siroli L, Braschi G, Schlüter O, Patrignani F, Lanciotti R. Effect of Combined High-Pressure Homogenization and Biotechnological Processes on Chitin, Protein, and Antioxidant Activity of Cricket Powder-Based Ingredients. Foods 2024; 13:449. [PMID: 38338584 PMCID: PMC10855496 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to evaluate the combined effect of a biotechnology process, based on selected yeast strains, and a high-pressure homogenization (HPH) treatment on the microbiological quality, structural organization of proteins, chitin content, and antioxidant activity of a mixture of cricket powder (Acheta domesticus) and water. Compared to untreated samples, the cricket matrix treated with HPH four times at 180 MPa promoted the growth of the inoculated Yarrowia lipolytica and Debaryomyces hansenii strains. HPH did not affect the concentration of chitin; however, the combination with microorganisms tended to reduce the content. Although the antioxidant activity increased from 0.52 to 0.68 TAC mM/TE after a 48 h incubation in the control, it was further improved by the combination of HPH and D. hansenii metabolism, reaching a value of 0.77 TAC mM/TE. The combination of the two approaches also promoted a reduction in the intensity of bands with molecular weights between 31 and 21.5 kDa in favor of bands with a lower molecular weight. In addition, HPH treatment reduced the number of accessible thiols, suggesting protein structure changes that may further impact the technological properties of cricket powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Rossi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy (L.S.); (G.B.); (O.S.); (F.P.); (R.L.)
| | - Davide Gottardi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy (L.S.); (G.B.); (O.S.); (F.P.); (R.L.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Alberto Barbiroli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.B.); (M.D.N.)
| | - Mattia Di Nunzio
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.B.); (M.D.N.)
| | - Lorenzo Siroli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy (L.S.); (G.B.); (O.S.); (F.P.); (R.L.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Giacomo Braschi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy (L.S.); (G.B.); (O.S.); (F.P.); (R.L.)
| | - Oliver Schlüter
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy (L.S.); (G.B.); (O.S.); (F.P.); (R.L.)
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Francesca Patrignani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy (L.S.); (G.B.); (O.S.); (F.P.); (R.L.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Rosalba Lanciotti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy (L.S.); (G.B.); (O.S.); (F.P.); (R.L.)
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
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Pyo SH, Moon CR, Park SW, Choi JY, Park JD, Sung JM, Choi EJ, Son YJ. Quality and staling characteristics of white bread fortified with lysozyme-hydrolyzed mealworm powder ( Tenebrio molitor L.). Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100685. [PMID: 38318313 PMCID: PMC10839563 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Edible insects have a low environmental impact but are rich in nutrients and have been promoted as alternative protein sources. However, adding insect flour to bread negatively affects the overall quality, especially loaf volume and textural properties. Furthermore, relevant studies on chitin are limited. Therefore, this study examined chitin hydrolysis using lysozymes to enhance the quality characteristics in defatted mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) powder (DF-M)-supplemented bread. The chitin hydrolysis degree by lysozymes was evaluated using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid assay and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The amount of chitin oligomers increased with time, and no significant difference in the hydrolysis efficiency between water and 400 mM acetate buffer was observed. Enzymatic hydrolysis improved the DF-M water- and oil-binding and antioxidant capacities. In addition, chitin hydrolysis increased the volume and softened the texture of white bread. In particular, bread supplemented with DF-M hydrolyzed for 4 h at 10 % had the highest moisture content among the mealworm-added bread groups during storage for 5 days. Moreover, sensory evaluation showed a positive effect of chitin hydrolysis on acceptability. Our findings indicate that chitin hydrolysis can improve the quality of bread containing insect additives. In conclusion, this study provides novel insights into producing high-quality and functional bakery products from edible insects by the enzymatic hydrolysis of edible insect powders and could expand the applications of edible insects as food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyeon Pyo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Ryun Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Won Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-yu Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Pai Chai University, Daejeon, 35345, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Dae Park
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Sung
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Ju Son
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
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Psarianos M, Ojha S, Schlüter OK. Evaluating an emerging technology-based biorefinery for edible house crickets. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1185612. [PMID: 37533573 PMCID: PMC10390837 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1185612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Edible insects, specifically house crickets, are expected to play an important role in the future food systems due to their rich nutritional profile, low environmental impact and growing consumer acceptance as food. Their content of proteins, lipids, chitin and phenolics offer great potential for the valorization of their biomass into nutritional end products and fractions. Furthermore, emerging food processing technologies and green solvents are relevant for improving the valorization process. Materials and methods High pressure (HP) and ultrasound (US) processing were implemented in an insect biorefinery system, where a hexane/methanol/water solvent was used to separate fat, phenolics and a solid fraction containing proteins and chitin. Subsequently, a deep eutectic solvent of betaine and urea (B/U) was used to for protein and chitin isolation. Results A maximum of 15% of fat was isolated, with no positive effect from the US or HP treatments. The US treatment enhanced the phenolic extraction yield by 38.69%, while HP negatively affected the antioxidant capacity. B/U was efficient in separating proteins and chitin, resulting in a protein concentrate with a protein content ≥80% and a chitinous fraction with a chitin content ≥70%. Conclusion House cricket biomass can be refined into valuable fractions with a quick and simple method, making the process industrially relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Psarianos
- Horticultural Engineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Shikha Ojha
- Horticultural Engineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Oliver K. Schlüter
- Horticultural Engineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
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Selection of Yarrowia lipolytica Strains as Possible Solution to Valorize Untreated Cheese Whey. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cheese whey management and disposal is a major issue for dairy industries due to its high level of chemical and biochemical oxygen demand. However, it can still represent a source of nutrients (i.e., sugars, proteins and lipids) that can be applied, among other options, as substrate for microbial growth. Yarrowia lipolytica can grow in different environments, consuming both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates, and tolerates high salt concentrations. In this work, the lipolytic and proteolytic profile of 20 strains of Y. lipolytica were tested on caseins and butter. Then, their growth potential was evaluated in four types of whey (caciotta, ricotta, squacquerone and their mix). Y. lipolytica showed a very strain-dependent behavior for both hydrolytic profiles and growth capabilities on the different substrates. The best growers for all the types of whey tested were PO1, PO2, and RO2, with the first one reaching up to 8.77 log cfu/mL in caciotta whey after 72 h. The volatile molecule profile of the samples incubated with the best growers were characterized by higher amounts of esters, acids, ketones and alcohols. In this way, cheese whey can become a source of microbial cultures exploitable in the dairy sector.
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Antioxidant and Functional Features of Pre-Fermented Ingredients Obtained by the Fermentation of Milling By-Products. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of milling by-products as ingredients in food formulations has increased gradually over the past years, due to their well-recognized health properties. Fermentation performed with selected microbial strains or microbial consortia is the most promising way to reduce antinutritional factors of cereals and bran, while increasing their nutritional and functional properties. This work, developed within the BBI project INGREEN, was aimed to study the functional, nutritional and technological features of a pre-fermented ingredient obtained from the fermentation of a mixture of rye bran and wheat germ by a selected microbial consortium composed of yeasts (Kazachstania unispora and Kazachstania servazii) and lactic acid bacteria (Latilactobacillus curvatus) using as reference the unfermented mixture and the same mixture fermented by a baker’s yeast. The selected microbial consortium improved the complexity of the volatile molecules such as acids, alcohols and esters. A better retention of color parameters was maintained compared to the product fermented by a baker’s yeast. In addition, the fermentation by the selected consortium showed a significant increase in short chain fatty acids (more than 5-fold), antioxidant activity (22–24%), total phenol content (53–71%), bioactive peptides (39–52%), a reduction of 20–28% in phytic acid content and an increase in prebiotic activity not only compared to the unfermented product but also compared to the preferment obtained with a baker’s yeast. Overall, the fermentation by the selected microbial consortium can be considered a valuable way to valorize milling by-products and promote their exploitation as food ingredients.
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Use of Yarrowia lipolytica to Obtain Fish Waste Functional Hydrolysates Rich in Flavoring Compounds. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fishery processing industries generate large amounts of by-products. These by-products come from fish heads, skin, bones, thorns, and viscera. The disposal of these wastes represents an increasing environmental and health problem. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in how to utilize fish materials that are not used for human consumption. Among the different solutions proposed, the use of proteolytic and lipolytic microorganisms represents a green solution for waste valorization. In this work, first we screened several conventional and non-conventional microorganisms for their proteolytic and lipolytic functions. Then, the most promising strains (Yarrowia lipolytica YL2, Y. lipolytica YL4, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B5M and B. subtilis B5C) were tested on a fish waste-based solution. After 72 h incubation at room temperature, the supernatants obtained using the strains of Y. lipolytica showed the highest degree of hydrolysis (10.03 and 11.80%, respectively, for YL2 and YL4), the strongest antioxidant activity (86.4% in DPPH assay for YL2) and the highest formation of aldehydes (above 50% of the total volatile compounds detected). Hydrolysates of fish waste obtained with Y. lipolytica may be reused in feed and food formulations for their functional and flavoring characteristics.
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Pan J, Xu H, Cheng Y, Mintah BK, Dabbour M, Yang F, Chen W, Zhang Z, Dai C, He R, Ma H. Recent Insight on Edible Insect Protein: Extraction, Functional Properties, Allergenicity, Bioactivity, and Applications. Foods 2022; 11:foods11192931. [PMID: 36230006 PMCID: PMC9562009 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the recent increase in the human population and the associated shortage of protein resources, it is necessary to find new, sustainable, and natural protein resources from invertebrates (such as insects) and underutilized plants. In most cases, compared to plants (e.g., grains and legumes) and animals (e.g., fish, beef, chicken, lamb, and pork), insect proteins are high in quality in terms of their nutritional value, total protein content, and essential amino acid composition. This review evaluates the recent state of insects as an alternative protein source from production to application; more specifically, it introduces in detail the latest advances in the protein extraction process. As an alternative source of protein in food formulations, the functional characteristics of edible insect protein are comprehensively presented, and the risk of allergy associated with insect protein is also discussed. The biological activity of protein hydrolyzates from different species of insects (Bombyx mori, Hermetia illucens, Acheta domesticus, Tenebrio molitor) are also reviewed, and the hydrolysates (bioactive peptides) are found to have either antihypertensive, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activity. Finally, the use of edible insect protein in various food applications is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Pan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haining Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | | | - Mokhtar Dabbour
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qaluobia P.O. Box 13736, Egypt
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wen Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhaoli Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Road, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Chunhua Dai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ronghai He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel./Fax: +86-(511)-8878-0201
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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