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Wang S, Wu B, Todhanakasem T. Expanding the horizons of levan: from microbial biosynthesis to applications and advanced detection methods. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:214. [PMID: 38789837 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Levan, a β-(2,6)-linked fructose polymer, exhibits diverse properties that impart versatility, rendering it a highly sought-after biopolymer with various industrial applications. Levan can be produced by various microorganisms using sucrose, food industry byproducts and agricultural wastes. Microbial levan represents the most potent cost-effective process for commercial-scale levan production. This study reviews the optimization of levan production by understanding its biosynthesis, physicochemical properties and the fermentation process. In addition, genetic and protein engineering for its increased production and emerging methods for its detection are introduced and discussed. All of these comprehensive studies could serve as powerful tools to optimize levan production and broaden its applications across various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Wang
- School of Food Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Bo Wu
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Center, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Renmin Rd. S 4-13, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tatsaporn Todhanakasem
- School of Food Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand.
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2
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Thomas J, Roy P, Ghosh A, Mete M, Sil SK, Das D. Prebiotic levan type fructan from Bacillus subtilis PR-C18 as a potent antibiofilm agent: Structural elucidation and in silico analysis. Carbohydr Res 2024; 538:109075. [PMID: 38564901 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The global demand for therapeutic prebiotics persuades the quest for novel exopolysaccharides that can retard the growth of pathobionts and healthcare-associated pathogens. In this regard, an exopolysaccharide (3.69 mg/mL) producing strain showing prebiotic and antibiofilm activity was isolated from indigenous pineapple pomace of Tripura and identified as Bacillus subtilis PR-C18. Zymogram analysis revealed EPS PR-C18 was synthesized by levansucrase (∼57 kDa) with a maximal activity of 4.62 U/mg. Chromatography techniques, FTIR, and NMR spectral data revealed the homopolymeric nature of purified EPS with a molecular weight of 3.40 × 104 Da. SEM and rheological study unveiled its microporous structure and shear-thinning effect. Furthermore, EPS PR-C18 showed remarkable emulsification, flocculation, water retention, water solubilization, and antioxidant activity. DSC-TGA data demonstrated its high thermostability and cytotoxicity analysis verified its nontoxic biocompatible nature. In addition, the antibiofilm activity of EPS PR-C18 was validated using molecular docking, molecular simulation, MM-GBSA and PCA studies, which exhibited its strong binding affinity (-20.79 kcal/moL) with PelD, a virulence factor from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Together, these findings support the future exploitation of EPS PR-C18 as an additive or adjuvant in food and pharmaceutical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanit Thomas
- Department of Bioengineering, NIT Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India
| | - Payel Roy
- Department of Bioengineering, NIT Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India
| | - Arabinda Ghosh
- Department of Computational Biology and Biotechnology, Mahapurusha Srimanta Sankaradeva Viswavidyalaya, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Megha Mete
- Department of Bioengineering, NIT Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India
| | - Samir Kumar Sil
- Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Tripura, 799022, India
| | - Deeplina Das
- Department of Bioengineering, NIT Agartala, Tripura, 799046, India.
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3
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Klaewkla M, Wangpaiboon K, Pichyangkura R, Charoenwongpaiboon T. Unraveling the role of flexible coil near calcium binding site of levansucrase on thermostability and product profile via proline substitution and molecular dynamics simulations. Proteins 2024; 92:170-178. [PMID: 37753539 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Due to its bioactivity and versatile applications, levan has appeared as a promising biomaterial. Levansucrase is responsible for the conversion of sucrose into levan. With the goal of enhancing levan production, the strategy for enhancing the stability of levansucrase is being intensively studied. To make proteins more stable under high temperatures, proline, the most rigid residue, can be introduced into previously flexible regions. Herein, G249, D250, N251, and H252 on the flexible coil close to the calcium binding site of Bacillus licheniformis levansucrase were replaced with proline. Mutations at G249P greatly enhance both the enzyme's thermodynamic and kinetic stability, while those at H252P improve solely the enzyme's kinetic stability. GPC analysis revealed that G249P synthesize more levan, but H252P generate primarily oligosaccharides. Molecular dynamics simulations (MD) and MM/GBSA analysis revealed that G249P mutation increased not only the stability of levansucrase, but also affinity toward fructan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karan Wangpaiboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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4
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Sahyoun AM, Wong Min M, Xu K, George S, Karboune S. Characterization of levans produced by levansucrases from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Gluconobacter oxydans: Structural, techno-functional, and anti-inflammatory properties. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121332. [PMID: 37940238 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Levans of different structures and molecular weights (MW) can display various techno-functional and health-promoting properties. In the present study, selected levans were produced by the transfructosylation of sucrose catalyzed by levansucrases from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Gluconobacter oxydans, and their structural, techno-functional and anti-inflammatory properties were investigated. NMR and methylation/GC analysis confirmed the structure of β-(2, 6) levans. The structural characterization led to the classification of levans as high MW (HMW, ≥100 kDa), low MW (LMW, ≤20 kDa) and mix L/HMW ones. Levan with higher MW had more linear fructosyl units with fewer reducing ends and branching residues. LMW levan showed the highest foaming capacity and stability while HMW levan had the highest emulsion stability. HMW and mix L/HMW levans showed comparable water and oil-holding capacities, which were higher than LMW. HMW and mix L/HMW levans were found to have gelling properties at low concentrations. The rheological behaviour of HMW levan-based gel was a more viscous-like gel, while that of mix L/HMW levan-based one showed more elastic solid like-gel. The temperature also influenced the rheology of levan, showing that the mix L/HMW levan gel network was the most thermal stable as its viscoelasticity remained constant at the highest temperature (75 °C). Studies on the biological activity of levans of HMW and LMW revealed in-vitro anti-inflammatory properties as they significantly reduced the production of LPS-triggered pro-inflammatory cytokines in differentiated Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M Sahyoun
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Muriel Wong Min
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Saji George
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Salwa Karboune
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada.
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5
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Chelminiak-Dudkiewicz D, Machacek M, Dlugaszewska J, Wujak M, Smolarkiewicz-Wyczachowski A, Bocian S, Mylkie K, Goslinski T, Marszall MP, Ziegler-Borowska M. Fabrication and characterization of new levan@CBD biocomposite sponges as potential materials in natural, non-toxic wound dressing applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126933. [PMID: 37722631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process; therefore, new dressings are frequently required to facilitate it. In this study, porous bacterial levan-based sponges containing cannabis oil (Lev@CBDs) were prepared and fully characterized. The sponges exhibited a suitable swelling ratio, proper water vapor transmission rate, sufficient thermal stability, desired mechanical properties, and good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The obtained Lev@CBD materials were evaluated in terms of their interaction with proteins, human serum albumin and fibrinogen, of which fibrinogen revealed the highest binding effect. Moreover, the obtained biomaterials exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as being non-hemolytic material as indicated by hemolysis tests. Furthermore, the sponges were non-toxic and compatible with L929 mouse fibroblasts and HDF cells. Most significantly, the levan sponge with the highest content of cannabis oil, in comparison to others, retained its non-hemolytic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties after prolonged storage in a climate chamber at a constant temperature and relative humidity. The designed sponges have conclusively proven their beneficial physicochemical properties and, at the preliminary stage, biocompatibility as well, and therefore can be considered a promising material for wound dressings in future in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Chelminiak-Dudkiewicz
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry and Polymer Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Miloslav Machacek
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500-05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jolanta Dlugaszewska
- Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wujak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Aleksander Smolarkiewicz-Wyczachowski
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry and Polymer Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Szymon Bocian
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Kinga Mylkie
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry and Polymer Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - T Goslinski
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 10, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal P Marszall
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marta Ziegler-Borowska
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry and Polymer Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
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6
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Koşarsoy Ağçeli G. Similarities and differences of nano-sized levan synthesized by Bacillus haynesii at low and high temperatures: Characterization and bioactivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126804. [PMID: 37709216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Levan is a biopolymer with many different uses. Temperature is an important parameter in biopolymer synthesis. Herein, levan production was carried out from Bacillus haynesii, a thermophilic microorganism, in the temperature range of 4 °C-95 °C. The highest levan production was measured as 10.9 g/L at 37 °C. The synthesized samples were characterized by FTIR and NMR analysis. The particle size of the levan samples varied between 153 and 824.4 nm at different temperatures. In levan samples produced at high temperatures, the water absorption capacity is higher in accordance with the particle size. Irregularities were observed in the surface pores at temperatures of 60 °C and above. The highest emulsion capacity of 83.4 % was measured in the sample synthesized at 4 °C. The antioxidant activity of all levan samples synthesized at different temperatures was measured as 84 % on average. All synthesized levan samples showed antibacterial effect on pathogenic bacteria. In addition, levan synthesized at 45 °C showed the highest antimicrobial effect on E. coli ATCC 35218 with an inhibition zone of 21.3 ± 1.82 mm. Antimicrobial activity against yeast sample C. albicans, was measured only in levan samples synthesized at 80 °C, 90 °C, 95 °C temperatures. Levan synthesized from Bacillus haynesii at low and high temperatures showed differences in characterization and bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Koşarsoy Ağçeli
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Beytepe Campus, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
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7
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Domżał-Kędzia M, Ostrowska M, Lewińska A, Łukaszewicz M. Recent Developments and Applications of Microbial Levan, A Versatile Polysaccharide-Based Biopolymer. Molecules 2023; 28:5407. [PMID: 37513279 PMCID: PMC10384002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are essential components with diverse functions in living organisms and find widespread applications in various industries. They serve as food additives, stabilizers, thickeners, and fat substitutes in the food industry, while also contributing to dietary fiber for improved digestion and gut health. Plant-based polysaccharides are utilized in paper, textiles, wound dressings, biodegradable packaging, and tissue regeneration. Polysaccharides play a crucial role in medicine, pharmacy, and cosmetology, as well as in the production of biofuels and biomaterials. Among microbial biopolymers, microbial levan, a fructose polysaccharide, holds significant promise due to its high productivity and chemical diversity. Levan exhibits a wide range of properties, including film-forming ability, biodegradability, non-toxicity, self-aggregation, encapsulation, controlled release capacity, water retention, immunomodulatory and prebiotic activity, antimicrobial and anticancer activity, as well as high biocompatibility. These exceptional properties position levan as an attractive candidate for nature-based materials in food production, modern cosmetology, medicine, and pharmacy. Advancing the understanding of microbial polymers and reducing production costs is crucial to the future development of these fields. By further exploring the potential of microbial biopolymers, particularly levan, we can unlock new opportunities for sustainable materials and innovative applications that benefit various industries and contribute to advancements in healthcare, environmental conservation, and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Domżał-Kędzia
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
- Research and Development Department InventionBio S.A., Jakóba Hechlińskiego 4, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Monika Ostrowska
- Research and Development Department InventionBio S.A., Jakóba Hechlińskiego 4, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lewińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
- OnlyBio Life S.A., Jakóba Hechlińskiego 6, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcin Łukaszewicz
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
- Research and Development Department InventionBio S.A., Jakóba Hechlińskiego 4, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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8
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Veerapandian B, Shanmugam SR, Sivaraman S, Sriariyanun M, Karuppiah S, Venkatachalam P. Production and characterization of microbial levan using sugarcane ( Saccharum spp.) juice and chicken feather peptone as a low-cost alternate medium. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17424. [PMID: 37484316 PMCID: PMC10361384 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An alternate medium consisting of sugarcane juice (SJ) (Saccharum spp.) and chicken feather peptone (CFP) was employed for microbial synthesis of levan. SJ has considerable amounts of vital minerals, vitamins, and amino acids in addition to its major constituent, sucrose. Meanwhile, CFP is also a rich source of essential nutrients such as amino acids, micro and macro elements. Amino acids present in SJ and CFP, such as glutamic acid, arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine and elements such as Ca, Mg favoured the cell growth and levan production. In this present work, levan was produced using Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441 in five different media, namely, sucrose along with defined nutrients (M1), Sugarcane Juice without nutrients (M2), SJ with defined nutrients (M3), SJ along with chicken feather peptone (M4) and sucrose without nutrient (M5). Alternative nutrient medium using SJ and CFP (M4) showed a promising levan yield of 0.32 ± 0.01 g of levan/g of sucrose consumed, which is 64% of the theoretical levan yield possible. Levan produced was characterized using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). There is a change in low molecular weight fractions of levan obtained from SJ and CFP medium compared to the defined medium. Produced levan from the composite medium exhibited strong antioxidant activity and was biocompatible when tested against endothelial cells. The substrate cost was 20% lower than the cost of defined medium. Thus, a composite medium made of SJ and CFP can serve as an alternate low-cost medium for microbial fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvaneshwari Veerapandian
- Biomass Conversion and Bioproducts Laboratory, Center for Bioenergy, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Subramaniyasharma Sivaraman
- Biomass Conversion and Bioproducts Laboratory, Center for Bioenergy, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Malinee Sriariyanun
- Biorefinery and Process Automation Engineering Center, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sugumaran Karuppiah
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Centre for Bioenergy, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ponnusami Venkatachalam
- Biomass Conversion and Bioproducts Laboratory, Center for Bioenergy, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Gojgic-Cvijovic G, Jakovljevic D, Zivkovic L, Cosovic V, Pavlovic V, Nikolic I, Maravic N, Dokic L. Synthesis of octenyl succinic anhydride-modified levan and investigation of its microstructural, physicochemical, and emulsifying properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124837. [PMID: 37178878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, levan from Bacillus licheniformis NS032 was modified in an aqueous medium by octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA), and the properties of the obtained derivatives were studied. The maximum efficiency in the synthesis reaction was achieved at 40 °C and a polysaccharide slurry concentration of 30 %. Increasing the reagent concentration (2-10 %) led to an increase in the degree of substitution (0.016-0.048). Structures of derivatives were confirmed by FTIR and NMR. Scanning electronic microscopy, thermogravimetry, and dynamic light scattering analyses showed that the derivatives with degrees of substitution of 0.025 and 0.036 retained levan's porous structure and thermostability and showed better colloidal stability than the native polysaccharide. The intrinsic viscosity of derivatives increased upon modification, while the surface tension of the 1 % solution was lowered to 61 mN/m. Oil-in-water emulsions prepared with sunflower oil (10 % and 20 %) by mechanical homogenization and 2 and 10 % derivatives in the continuous phase showed mean oil droplet sizes of 106-195 μm, while the distribution curves exhibited bimodal character. The studied derivatives have a good capacity to stabilize emulsions, as they have a creaming index ranging from 73 % to 94 %. The OSA-modified levans could have potential applications in new formulations of emulsion-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Gojgic-Cvijovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoseva 12, P.O. Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dragica Jakovljevic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoseva 12, P.O. Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Zivkovic
- University of Belgrade, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladan Cosovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Njegoseva 12, P.O. Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Pavlovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Nikolic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nikola Maravic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ljubica Dokic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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El Halmouch Y, Ibrahim HA, Dofdaa NM, Mabrouk ME, El-Metwally MM, Nehira T, Ferji K, Ishihara Y, Matsuo K, Ibrahim MI. Complementary spectroscopy studies and potential activities of levan-type fructan produced by Bacillus paralicheniformis ND2. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 311:120743. [PMID: 37028872 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at the production of marine bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) as biodegradable and nontoxic biopolymers, competing the synthetic derivatives, with detailed structural and conformational analyses using spectroscopy techniques. Twelve marine bacterial bacilli were isolated from the seawater of Mediterranean Sea, Egypt, then screened for EPS production. The most potent isolate was identified genetically as Bacillus paralicheniformis ND2 by16S rRNA gene sequence of ~99 % similarity. Plackett-Burman (PB) design identified the optimization conditions of EPS production, which yielded the maximum EPS (14.57 g L-1) with 1.26-fold increase when compared to the basal conditions. Two purified EPSs namely NRF1 and NRF2 with average molecular weights (Mw¯) of 15.98 and 9.70 kDa, respectively, were obtained and subjected for subsequent analyses. FTIR and UV-Vis reflected their purity and high carbohydrate contents while EDX emphasized their neutral type. NMR identified the EPSs as levan-type fructan composed of β-(2-6)-glycosidic linkage as a main backbone, and HPLC explained that the EPSs composed of fructose. Circular dichroism (CD) suggested that NRF1 and NRF2 had identical structuration with a little variation from the EPS-NR. The EPS-NR showed antibacterial activity with the maximum inhibition against S. aureus ATCC 25923. Furthermore, all the EPSs revealed a proinflammatory action through dose-dependent increment of expression of proinflammatory cytokine mRNAs, IL-6, IL-1β and TNFα.
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11
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de Lemos EA, Procópio L, da Mota FF, Jurelevicius D, Rosado AS, Seldin L. Molecular characterization of Paenibacillus antarcticus IPAC21, a bioemulsifier producer isolated from Antarctic soil. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1142582. [PMID: 37025627 PMCID: PMC10072262 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1142582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Paenibacillus antarcticus IPAC21, an endospore-forming and bioemulsifier-producing strain, was isolated from King George Island, Antarctica. As psychrotolerant/psychrophilic bacteria can be considered promising sources for novel products such as bioactive compounds and other industrially relevant substances/compounds, the IPAC21 genome was sequenced using Illumina Hi-seq, and a search for genes related to the production of bioemulsifiers and other metabolic pathways was performed. The IPAC21 strain has a genome of 5,505,124 bp and a G + C content of 40.5%. Genes related to the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides, such as the gene that encodes the extracellular enzyme levansucrase responsible for the synthesis of levan, the 2,3-butanediol pathway, PTS sugar transporters, cold-shock proteins, and chaperones were found in its genome. IPAC21 cell-free supernatants obtained after cell growth in trypticase soy broth at different temperatures were evaluated for bioemulsifier production by the emulsification index (EI) using hexadecane, kerosene and diesel. EI values higher than 50% were obtained using the three oil derivatives when IPAC21 was grown at 28°C. The bioemulsifier produced by P. antarcticus IPAC21 was stable at different NaCl concentrations, low temperatures and pH values, suggesting its potential use in lower and moderate temperature processes in the petroleum industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ericka Arregue de Lemos
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciano Procópio
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Diogo Jurelevicius
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Soares Rosado
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lucy Seldin
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Lucy Seldin,
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12
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Prabhahar M, K G, S P, S S, M SK, GO J, Varuvel EG, Lenin A H. A Study on Glycyrrhiza glabra-Fortified Bread: Predicted Glycemic Index and Bioactive Component. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:4669723. [PMID: 36082190 PMCID: PMC9448619 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4669723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bread is one of the highest-selling food products throughout the world. Lots of demand arose from the bread producers by the consumers to convert the traditional bread into functional food. In this study, normal bread was converted to functional herbal bread by infusing it with extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra. The functional components of the Glycyrrhiza glabra were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LCMS). The antioxidant study revealed that the extract has high antioxidant potency. The present study also investigated the antidiabetic potency of the extract. Bread is fortified with various percentages of Glycyrrhiza glabra, such as 2, 4, and 6. The fortified bread was analyzed for various sensory and taste parameters. Biochemical assays such as the in vitro digestibility test and glycaemic index suggest that fortified bread reduces the glycaemic index. From the study, it was inferred that 6% of infused bread was found to have high potency as a functional food when compared to 2 and 4%. From the above study, it was suggested that fortified bread reduces the glycaemic index and is best suited for diabetic people and diet watchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Prabhahar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation, Deemed to be University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Gomathi K
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr.M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Prakash S
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation, Deemed to be University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sendilvelan S
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr.M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Saravana Kumar M
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation, Deemed to be University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jijina GO
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation, Deemed to be University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Edwin Geo Varuvel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Haiter Lenin A
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wollo University, Kombolcha Institute of Technology, Kombolcha Post Box no. 208, Ethiopia
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13
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Wang Y, Zhou Z, Han Y. Levan-chitosan blend films: Preparation, structural, physical properties and application in pork packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:624-632. [PMID: 35835307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Conventional fossil fuel-based packaging materials often brings of food safety and serious environmental pollution. It is significant to develop an environmentally-friendly packaging material. In this work, a levan-chitosan (LE/CS) blend film was fabricated via the solution casting method. The films were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, indicating the formation of hydrogen bonds between chitosan and levan. The mechanical properties of LE/CS films demonstrated a mechanical strength higher than CS films, and the best tensile strength appeared at a ratio of LE/CS (1:1) up to 18.78 ± 0.73 MPa. The addition of levan caused a significant increase in absorption of UV light with a reduction in swelling water of the blend films from 29.13 ± 0.53 % of chitosan film to 2.07 ± 0.27 % of LE/CS (1:1) film. A higher contact angle and lower WVP were observed for LE/CS blend films. LE/CS blend films were then used as packaging material for fresh pork and were well maintained the qualities. The study suggested that the new blend film might have a good prospect as a food packaging material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhijiang Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ye Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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14
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Ehinger FJ, Neff A, Kosciow K, Netzband L, Hövels M. Rapid, real-time sucrase characterization: Showcasing the feasibility of a one-pot activity assay. J Biotechnol 2022; 354:21-33. [PMID: 35716887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sucrases can modify numerous carbohydrates, and short-chain oligosaccharides produced by the unique transfructosylation activity of levansucrases are promising candidates for the growing sugar substitute market. These compounds could counteract the increasing number of diseases associated with the consumption of high-calorie sugars. Thus, there is great interest in the characterization of novel levansucrases. The commonly used method for sucrase activity determination is to quantify d-glucose released in the sucrose-splitting reaction. This is usually done in a discontinuous mode, i.e., several samples taken from the sucrase reaction are applied to a separately performed d-glucose determination (e.g., GOPOD assay). Employing the newly isolated levansucrase LevSKK21 from Pseudomonas sp. KK21, the feasibility of a one-pot sucrase characterization was investigated by combining sucrase reaction and GOPOD-based d-glucose determination into a single, continuous assay (Real-time GOPOD). The enzyme was characterized with respect to kinetic parameters, ion dependency, pH value, and reaction temperature in a comparative approach employing Real-time GOPOD and HPLC. High data consistency for all investigated enzyme parameters demonstrated that current processes for sucrase characterization can be considerably accelerated by the continuous assay while maintaining data validity. However, the assay was not applicable at acidic pH, as decolorization of the quinoneimine dye formed during the GOPOD reaction was observed. Overall, the study presents valuable data on the potentials of real-time sucrase activity assessment for an accelerated discovery and characterization of interesting enzymes such as the hereby introduced levansucrase LevSKK21. Progress in sucrase discovery will finally foster the development of health-promoting sucrose substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - André Neff
- Institute for Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Konrad Kosciow
- Institute for Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Netzband
- Institute for Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Hövels
- Institute for Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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15
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Johnson AM, Thamburaj S, Etikala A, Sarma C, Mummaleti G, Kalakandan SK. Evaluation of antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of chitosan edible coating with plant extracts against
Salmonella
and
E. coli
isolated from chicken. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Mariam Johnson
- Department of Food Biotechnology Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT) Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Suman Thamburaj
- Department of Food Biotechnology Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT) Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Akhila Etikala
- Department of Food Biotechnology Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT) Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Chayanika Sarma
- Department of Food Biotechnology Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT) Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Gopinath Mummaleti
- Department of Food Biotechnology Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT) Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Suresh Kumar Kalakandan
- Department of Food Biotechnology Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT) Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
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