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Lin M, Cui Y, Shi L, Li Z, Liu S, Liu Z, Weng W, Ren Z. Characteristics of hairtail surimi gels treated with myofibrillar protein-stabilized Pickering emulsions. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:4251-4259. [PMID: 38311866 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hairtail (Trichiurus haumela) surimi exhibits poor gelation properties and a dark gray appearance, which hinder its utilization in high-quality surimi gel products. The effect of Pickering emulsions stabilized by myofibrillar proteins (MPE) on the gel properties of hairtail surimi has been unclear. In particular, the impact of MPE under NaCl and KCl treatments on the quality of hairtail surimi gels requires further elucidation. RESULTS Pickering emulsions stabilized by myofibrillar proteins and treated with NaCl or KCl (Na-MPE, K-MPE) were added to hairtail surimi in amounts of 10-70 g kg-1. The addition of 50 g kg-1 Na-MPE and K-MPE improved the gel strength, textural properties, whiteness, and water-holding capacity (WHC) of hairtail surimi. The relative content of β-turn and β-sheet in the surimi gels increased and the relative content of random coils and α-helix decreased with the addition of oil. The addition of Na-MPE and K-MPE did not affect the secondary structure of surimi gels but stimulated the gelation of hairtail surimi gels. Hairtail surimi containing K-MPE demonstrated similar performance in terms of hardness, microstructure, and WHC compared with the addition of Na-MPE. CONCLUSION The quality of hairtail surimi gels can be improved by the addition of Na-MPE or K-MPE. The K-MPE proved to be an effective option for enhancing the properties of hairtail surimi gels at 50 g kg-1 to replace Na-MPE. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lin
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yaqing Cui
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Linfan Shi
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanming Li
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shuji Liu
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian // Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province // Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resource, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian // Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province // Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resource, Xiamen, China
| | - Wuyin Weng
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhongyang Ren
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
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Zhang C, Chen L, Teng H. Phase behavior of the gelation process of myofibrillar protein-curdlan blended system: Discussion based on rheology and gel properties. Food Chem 2024; 437:137839. [PMID: 37948797 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The phase behavior in protein-polysaccharide blended systems is the main factor affecting the physical properties of composite gels; however, the phase behavior at room temperature and during heated gelation is lacking discussion. In this research, extracted grouper myofibrillar protein (MP) and curdlan (CUR) were used as models for the MP-CUR blended system. The phase behavior of the MP-CUR blended system was analyzed using rheology and microstructure analysis, and the accuracy of the phase behavior analysis was verified by measuring the physical indices such as gel properties of the MP-CUR composite gels. At room temperature, MP and CUR showed good co-solubility, so the blended system with 0.8% CUR content obtained the best apparent viscosity, structural recoverability, and other rheological properties. After heating gelation, MP and CUR had strong thermodynamic unaffinity leading to phase separation, and the best storage modulus was obtained for the MP-CUR blended system with 0.6% CUR content. Therefore, it is concluded that 0.6% CUR content is the critical concentration for the MP-CUR blended system. The results were also confirmed by the best gel properties of 0.6% CUR composite gel when the physical properties of the composite gel were determined. The phase behavior evaluation was used to determine the appropriate polysaccharide concentrations as a means to improve the physicochemical properties of the composite gels and to exploit the value of polysaccharides in protein-based food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Hunan GaoGe Dairy Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Teng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
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You G, Niu G, Gao K, Liu X. Effects of hsian-tsao polysaccharide on myosin gel structure and its binding capacity to flavor compounds. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129492. [PMID: 38224800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Hsian-tsao polysaccharide (HTP) with preferable biological activities was explored to improve the gel qualities of surimi. This study investigated the effects of HTP (0-1.0 mg/mL) on structural changes, in vitro digestibility, and fishy odor binding capacity of heat-induced myosin gels (30 mg/mL). HTP promoted the unfolding of myosin structure with transitions from α- helixes to β-sheets, accompanied by the enhancement of hydrophobic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and non-disulfide covalent bonds dominated within gel networks. Moreover, HTP facilitated the formation of compact gel structures of myosin with superior elastic properties (G' > G'') and apparent viscosity, but without affecting the final in vitro digestibility. Moreover, the microstructure of gels markedly affected the adsorption rate of flavor compounds, with a lower adsorption rate obtained for myosin-HTP gels with compact gel networks embedded with evenly small cavities. Additionally, HTP affected the flavor-binding capacities of myosin gels by increasing hexanal and heptanal, but reducing nonanal and 1-octen-3-ol, in relation to the combined effects of myosin structural changes and newly formed gel networks. This work provides a new prospect for application of HTP to regulate the adsorption rate and binding capacity of myosin gels to fishy odors, critical for improvement of gel properties in surimi products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang You
- College of Food Engineering, Guangxi College and University Key Laboratory of High-value Utilization of Seafood and Prepared Food in Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Gaigai Niu
- College of Food Engineering, Guangxi College and University Key Laboratory of High-value Utilization of Seafood and Prepared Food in Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Kean Gao
- College of Food Engineering, Guangxi College and University Key Laboratory of High-value Utilization of Seafood and Prepared Food in Beibu Gulf, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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Wang Y, Yuan JJ, Li K, Wang JL, Li JG, Chen B, Bai YH. Effects of combined chickpea protein isolate and chitosan on the improvement of technological quality in phosphate-free pork meat emulsions: Its relation to modifications on protein thermal and structural properties. Meat Sci 2023; 201:109194. [PMID: 37087874 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The effects of combined chickpea protein isolate (CPI, 1%, w/w) and chitosan (CHI, 1%, w/w) on the technological, thermal, and structural properties of phosphate-free pork meat emulsions (PPMEs) were investigated. The results showed that CPI + CHI significantly improved the emulsion stability (P < 0.05), synergistically elevated the hardness and chewiness, and did not negatively impact the color attributes, which endowed the PPMEs with similar or even better technological performances compared to the high-phosphate control. These alterations were related to the reduced myosin enthalpy values, the rearrangement of free water into immobilized water, the synergistic reduction in α-helical structure and increase in β-sheet structure, the increased trans-gauche-trans SS conformation intensity of the Raman bands, and the formation of interactive protein gel networks where small-sized fat particles were evenly dispersed in the protein matrix. Therefore, combined CPI and CHI shows promise as a phosphate replacer for meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, Henan 462300, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yuan
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, Henan 462300, China
| | - Jia-le Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Jun-Guang Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, Henan 462300, China
| | - Bo Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, Henan 462300, China
| | - Yan-Hong Bai
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, Henan 462300, China.
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Wang H, Zhang J, Xu Y, Mi H, Yi S, Gao R, Li X, Li J. Effects of chickpea protein-stabilized Pickering emulsion on the structure and gelling properties of hairtail fish myosin gel. Food Chem 2023; 417:135821. [PMID: 36934711 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different amount (0-12%) of chickpea protein-stabilized Pickering emulsion (CPE) on the gelling properties, intermolecular interactions, microstructure, and physicochemical stability of hairtail fish myosin gels were investigated. The myosin gel with 6%-9% CPE demonstrated significantly higher viscoelasticity, gel strength, hardness, water-holding capacity and whiteness, compared to the control (P < 0.05). In addition, Raman spectroscopy showed that CPE changed the microenvironment of the myosin, which promoted the changes in protein secondary structures, disulfide bond conformation and the local environments of the composite gels. The addition of 6%-9% CPE also enhanced the disulfide bond and hydrophobic interaction of myosin gels which induced more compact gel network structures. Furthermore, CPE improved the lipid oxidative stability and freeze-thaw stability of myosin gel. The results indicated that CPE could improve the gelling properties of myosin, making it a potential new additive and lipid substitute for the development of new emulsion gel products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, National R&D Branch Center of Surimi and Surimi Products Processing, Jinzhou, 121013, China
| | - Yongxia Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, National R&D Branch Center of Surimi and Surimi Products Processing, Jinzhou, 121013, China
| | - Hongbo Mi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, National R&D Branch Center of Surimi and Surimi Products Processing, Jinzhou, 121013, China
| | - Shumin Yi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, National R&D Branch Center of Surimi and Surimi Products Processing, Jinzhou, 121013, China
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Xuepeng Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, National R&D Branch Center of Surimi and Surimi Products Processing, Jinzhou, 121013, China.
| | - Jianrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, National R&D Branch Center of Surimi and Surimi Products Processing, Jinzhou, 121013, China.
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Gao X, Yang S, You J, Yin T, Xiong S, Liu R. Changes in Gelation Properties of Silver Carp Myosin Treated by Combination of High Intensity Ultrasound and NaCl. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233830. [PMID: 36496636 PMCID: PMC9735971 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular behavior of myosin in a low-salt environment limited the production of surimi-based products. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the combination of high intensity ultrasound (HIU) and NaCl (0.1, 0.3, 0.5 mol/L) on the physicochemical indexes of myosin. The changes were evaluated by solubility, ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, dynamic rheological properties, water holding capacity (WHC), microstructures, etc. For control samples, the gelation properties of myosin strengthened upon NaCl increasing. Combination of HIU and NaCl significantly improved the solubility of myosin, which was due to the conformational changes and the exposure of reactive groups. Meanwhile, the particle size of myosin obviously decreased when observed by atomic force microscope, which in turn promoted the stability of myosin. Furthermore, the improvement in solution behaviors of myosin treated by combination of HIU and NaCl contributed to the gelation properties as well as the formation of compact microstructures, which obtained high WHC and low cooking loss of myosin gels. In conclusion, combination of HIU and NaCl induced the unfolding of myosin with the exposure of reactive groups, consequently facilitating the formation of denser microstructures. Moreover, the biggest degree of improvement in gelation properties was observed at 0.1 mol/L NaCl combined with HIU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education , Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shengnan Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education , Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Juan You
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education , Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Yin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education , Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shanbai Xiong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education , Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ru Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education , Wuhan 430070, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
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Zhou X, Zhang C, Zhao L, Zhou X, Cao W, Zhou C. Effect of Pre-Emulsion of Pea-Grass Carp Co-Precipitation Dual Protein on the Gel Quality of Fish Sausage. Foods 2022. [PMCID: PMC9601304 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the processing method of introducing plant protein into meat products has attracted great attention. However, the direct addition of plant protein often leads to a decline in meat product quality. This paper aims to provide an efficient method for incorporating plant protein into fish sausage. Pea protein isolate (PPI), grass carp protein isolate (CPI) and pea-grass carp coprecipitated dual protein (Co) were derived from pea and grass carp by an isoelectric solubilisation/precipitation method. At the same time, the blended dual protein (BL) was obtained by blending PPI with CPI, and the plant and animal protein content of Co and BL was both controlled to be the same. The four proteins were combined with soybean oil and water to form a three-phase pre-emulsification system of protein-oil-water, which was added to grass carp meat as a replacement for animal fat to prepare fish sausage. The gelation properties of the four fish sausages and those without protein were analysed. The results showed that the gel quality of PPI fish sausage is poor, while the overall quality of Co fish sausage as a whole was significantly superior to that of PPI and BL, which was equivalent to CPI fish sausage. The sensory score of the Co fish sausage was slightly lower than that of CPI, but it had significantly higher water-holding capacity and hardness (p < 0.05). The Co fish sausage showed the synergistic effect of heterologous proteins, while BL had some antagonistic effects. This study shows that Co pre-emulsion is an effective strategy to introduce plant protein, so it has a good application prospect in the meat industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Chaohua Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Liangzhong Zhao
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang 422000, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xiaojie Zhou
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soybean Products Processing and Safety Control, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Wenhong Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Chunxia Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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Yoon WB, Park JW, Jung H. Effects of Potato Protein Isolated Using Ethanol on the Gelation and Anti-Proteolytic Properties in Pacific Whiting Surimi. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193114. [PMID: 36230190 PMCID: PMC9563566 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pacific whiting is a primary species utilized for surimi processing in the Pacific Northwest of the US. However, endogenous protease in Pacific whiting surimi deteriorates the quality during slow cooking. The demand for clean-labeled and economically competitive protease inhibitors has been increasing. In the present study, the anti-proteolytic effect of potato protein isolate (PPI), a by-product from the potato starch industry, prepared using 20% ethanol on the endogenous protease activity of Pacific whiting (PW) surimi was investigated. The ohmic heating method was carried out for a better assessment of the anti-proteolytic activity of inhibitors. A factorial design was carried out in which the independent variables were the four types of inhibitors and their concentration (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3% w/w) at two heating conditions. The heating condition was used as a blocking factor. All experiments were randomized within each block. The addition of 2% PPI which demonstrated the highest anti-proteolytic activity among five different concentrations significantly increased the breaking force, penetration distance, and water retention ability of PW surimi gel as the endogenous proteases were effectively inhibited when heated ohmically at 60 °C for 30 min prior to heating up to 90 °C. In addition, SDS-PAGE disclosed that PPI successfully retained the intensity of myofibrillar heavy chain (MHC) protein of PW surimi gels even under the condition at which proteases could be activated at 60 °C. The whiteness of gels was not negatively affected by the addition of PPI. Comparing all samples, a denser and more ordered microstructure was obtained when PPI was added. A similar trend was found from the fractal dimension (Df) of the PPI-added gel’s microstructure. Therefore, PPI could be an effective and non-allergenic protease inhibitor in PW surimi leading to retaining the integrity of high gel quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Byong Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Elderly-Friendly Food Research Center, Agriculture and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jae Won Park
- OSU Seafood Research and Education Center, Oregon State University, Astoria, OR 97103, USA
| | - Hwabin Jung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- OSU Seafood Research and Education Center, Oregon State University, Astoria, OR 97103, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-6830-0224
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