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Modulation of Obesity and Insulin Resistance by the Redox Enzyme and Adaptor Protein p66 Shc. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040985. [PMID: 30813483 PMCID: PMC6412263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Initially reported as a longevity-related protein, the 66 kDa isoform of the mammalian Shc1 locus has been implicated in several metabolic pathways, being able to act both as an adaptor protein and as a redox enzyme capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) when it localizes to the mitochondrion. Ablation of p66Shc has been shown to be protective against obesity and the insurgence of insulin resistance, but not all the studies available in the literature agree on these points. This review will focus in particular on the role of p66Shc in the modulation of glucose homeostasis, obesity, body temperature, and respiration/energy expenditure. In view of the obesity and diabetes epidemic, p66Shc may represent a promising therapeutic target with enormous implications for human health.
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Baldassini WA, Ramsey JJ, Hagopian K, Lanna DPD. The influence of Shc proteins and high-fat diet on energy metabolism of mice. Cell Biochem Funct 2018; 35:527-537. [PMID: 29243276 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if Shc proteins influence the metabolic response to acute (7 days) feeding of a high-fat diet (HFD). To this end, whole animal energy expenditure (EE) and substrate oxidation were measured in the Shc knockout (ShcKO) and wild-type (WT) mice fed a control or HFD. The activities of enzymes of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, electron transport chain (ETC), and β-oxidation were also investigated in liver and skeletal muscle of ShcKO and WT animals. The study showed that ShcKO increases (P < .05) EE adjusted for either total body weight or lean mass. This change in EE could contribute to decreases in weight gain in ShcKO versus WT mice fed an HFD. Thus, our results indicate that Shc proteins should be considered as potential targets for developing interventions to mitigate weight gain on HFD by stimulating EE. Although decreased levels of Shc proteins influenced the activity of some enzymes in response to high-fat feeding (eg, increasing the activity of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase), it did not produce concerted changes in enzymes of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, or the ETC. The physiological significance of observed changes in select enzyme activities remains to be determined. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY We report higher EE in ShcKO versus WT mice when consuming the HFD. Although decreased levels of Shc proteins influenced the activity of a central enzyme of β-oxidation in response to high-fat feeding, it did not produce concerted changes in enzymes of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, or the ETC. Thus, an increase in EE in response to consumption of an HFD may be a mechanism that leads to decreased weight gain previously reported in ShcKO mice with long-term consumption of an HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Baldassini
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J J Ramsey
- Veterinary Medicine, Molecular Biosciences, University of California-Davis (UC DAVIS), Davis, CA, USA
| | - K Hagopian
- Veterinary Medicine, Molecular Biosciences, University of California-Davis (UC DAVIS), Davis, CA, USA
| | - D P D Lanna
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ciciliot S, Albiero M, Menegazzo L, Poncina N, Scattolini V, Danesi A, Pagnin E, Marabita M, Blaauw B, Giorgio M, Trinei M, Foletto M, Prevedello L, Nitti D, Avogaro A, Fadini GP. p66Shc deletion or deficiency protects from obesity but not metabolic dysfunction in mice and humans. Diabetologia 2015; 58:2352-60. [PMID: 26122877 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Oxygen radicals generated by p66Shc drive adipogenesis, but contradictory data exist on the role of p66Shc in the development of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. We herein explored the relationships among p66Shc, adipose tissue remodelling and glucose metabolism using mouse models and human adipose tissue samples. METHODS In wild-type (WT), leptin-deficient (ob/ob), p66Shc(-/-) and p66Shc(-/-) ob/ob mice up to 30 weeks of age, we analysed body weight, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue histopathology, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and liver and muscle fat accumulation. A group of mice on a high fat diet (HFD) was also analysed. A parallel study was conducted on adipose tissue collected from patients undergoing elective surgery. RESULTS We found that p66Shc(-/-) mice were slightly leaner than WT mice, and p66Shc(-/-) ob/ob mice became less obese than ob/ob mice. Despite their lower body weight, p66Shc(-/-) mice accumulated ectopic fat in the liver and muscles, and were glucose intolerant and insulin resistant. Features of adverse adipose tissue remodelling induced by obesity, including adipocyte enlargement, apoptosis, inflammation and perfusion were modestly and transiently improved by p66Shc (also known as Shc1) deletion. After 12 weeks of the HFD, p66Shc(-/-) mice were leaner than but equally glucose intolerant and insulin resistant compared with WT mice. In 77 patients, we found a direct correlation between BMI and p66Shc protein levels. Patients with low p66Shc levels were less obese, but were not protected from other metabolic syndrome features (diabetes, dyslipidaemia and hypertension). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In mice and humans, reduced p66Shc levels protect from obesity, but not from ectopic fat accumulation, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ciciliot
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Mattia Albiero
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Lisa Menegazzo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicol Poncina
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Scattolini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Danesi
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Pagnin
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Bert Blaauw
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Giorgio
- European Institute of Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirella Trinei
- European Institute of Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirto Foletto
- Department of Surgical, Oncologic Gastroenterologic Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Prevedello
- Department of Surgical, Oncologic Gastroenterologic Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Donato Nitti
- Department of Surgical, Oncologic Gastroenterologic Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Avogaro
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Fadini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.
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The influence of shc proteins on the whole body energetic response to calorie restriction initiated in 3-month-old mice. ISRN NUTRITION 2014; 2014:562075. [PMID: 24967271 PMCID: PMC4045305 DOI: 10.1155/2014/562075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that Shc proteins play a role in energy metabolism, and we have previously reported that knockdown of Shc proteins influences the energetic response to acute (3 days) calorie restriction (CR) in 18-month-old mice. Whether Shc proteins play a role in the metabolic response to CR in younger mice has yet to be elucidated. Hence, we sought to determine the impact of 3 days and longer term (2 months) CR on energy expenditure (EE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) in 3 month-old Shc knockout (ShcKO) and wild-type (WT) mice. ShcKO mice decreased (P < 0.001) EE normalized for body weight (EEBW) by 3 days of CR, while no such change was observed in WT animals. However, both ShcKO and WT mice decreased (P < 0.001) EEBW at 2 months of CR and there were no differences in body weight between the ShcKO and WT mice at either 3 days or 2 months of CR. Consistent with increased fatty acid oxidation, only ShcKO mice maintained decreased (P < 0.001) 24 h RQ through 2 months of CR, suggesting that they were able to maintain increased fatty acid oxidation for a longer period of time than WT mice. These results indicate that Shc proteins may contribute to some of the acute energetic responses to CR.
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