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Epremyan KK, Mamaev DV, Zvyagilskaya RA. Alzheimer's Disease: Significant Benefit from the Yeast-Based Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9791. [PMID: 37372938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related, multifaceted neurological disorder associated with accumulation of aggregated proteins (amyloid Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau), loss of synapses and neurons, and alterations in microglia. AD was recognized by the World Health Organization as a global public health priority. The pursuit of a better understanding of AD forced researchers to pay attention to well-defined single-celled yeasts. Yeasts, despite obvious limitations in application to neuroscience, show high preservation of basic biological processes with all eukaryotic organisms and offer great advantages over other disease models due to the simplicity, high growth rates on low-cost substrates, relatively simple genetic manipulations, the large knowledge base and data collections, and availability of an unprecedented amount of genomic and proteomic toolboxes and high-throughput screening techniques, inaccessible to higher organisms. Research reviewed above clearly indicates that yeast models, together with other, more simple eukaryotic models including animal models, C. elegans and Drosophila, significantly contributed to understanding Aβ and tau biology. These models allowed high throughput screening of factors and drugs that interfere with Aβ oligomerization, aggregation and toxicity, and tau hyperphosphorylation. In the future, yeast models will remain relevant, with a focus on creating novel high throughput systems to facilitate the identification of the earliest AD biomarkers among different cellular networks in order to achieve the main goal-to develop new promising therapeutic strategies to treat or prevent the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoren K Epremyan
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33/2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Mamaev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33/2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Renata A Zvyagilskaya
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33/2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Anti-Aging and Neuroprotective Properties of Grifola frondosa and Hericium erinaceus Extracts. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204368. [PMID: 36297052 PMCID: PMC9611596 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition has relevant consequences for human health and increasing pieces of evidence indicate that medicinal mushrooms have several beneficial effects. One of the main issues in Western countries is represented by the challenges of aging and age-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders. Among these, Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects 10 million people worldwide and is associated with α-synuclein misfolding, also found in other pathologies collectively called synucleinopathies. Here, we show that aqueous extracts of two edible mushrooms, Grifola frondosa and Hericium erinaceus, represent a valuable source of β-glucans and exert anti-aging effects in yeast. Their beneficial effects are mediated through the inhibition of the Ras/PKA pathway, with increased expression of heat shock proteins, along with a consistent increase of both mean and maximal lifespans. These fungal extracts also reduce the toxicity of α-synuclein heterologously expressed in yeast cells, resulting in reduced ROS levels, lower α-synuclein membrane localization, and protein aggregation. The neuroprotective activity of G. frondosa extract was also confirmed in a PD model of Drosophila melanogaster. Taken together, our data suggest the use of G. frondosa and H. erinaceus as functional food to prevent aging and age-related disorders, further supporting the neuro-healthy properties of these medicinal mushroom extracts.
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3
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Absence of Gem1 (mammalian Miro/Rhot) mitigates alpha-synuclein toxicity in a yeast model of Parkinson's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 122:103757. [PMID: 35843531 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein aggregation is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mutants A30P and A53T alpha-synuclein are known to exacerbate the toxicity of alpha-synuclein, which includes oxidative stress, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) is a cellular model widely used to investigate mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders, such as PD. In yeast, Gem1 (Miro/Rhot mammalian orthologue) coordinates mitochondrial dynamics and ER homeostasis, which is impaired in the presence of mutant alpha-synuclein and can lead to cell death. In this study, A30P or A53T alpha-synuclein were expressed in wild type or ΔGem (deletion of Gem1 gene) yeast strains. ΔGem cells presented decreased viability and increased mitochondrial H2O2 production and ER stress compared to wild type cells. However, in the presence of mutant alpha-synuclein, ΔGem cells showed increased growth compared to cells that do not express mutant alpha-synuclein. ΔGem cells expressing A53T alpha-synuclein also presented reduced ER stress and increased ability to deal with oxidative stress. Together, our results suggest that deletion of Gem1 activates pathways that strengthen cells against other stressful agents such as the presence of mutant alpha-synuclein.
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4
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Sirati N, Popova B, Molenaar MR, Verhoek IC, Braus GH, Kaloyanova DV, Helms JB. Dynamic and Reversible Aggregation of the Human CAP Superfamily Member GAPR-1 in Protein Inclusions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167162. [PMID: 34298062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins that can assemble into higher order structures termed amyloids can also concentrate into cytoplasmic inclusions via liquid-liquid phase separation. Here, we study the assembly of human Golgi-Associated plant Pathogenesis Related protein 1 (GAPR-1), an amyloidogenic protein of the Cysteine-rich secretory proteins, Antigen 5, and Pathogenesis-related 1 proteins (CAP) protein superfamily, into cytosolic inclusions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Overexpression of GAPR-1-GFP results in the formation GAPR-1 oligomers and fluorescent inclusions in yeast cytosol. These cytosolic inclusions are dynamic and reversible organelles that gradually increase during time of overexpression and decrease after promoter shut-off. Inclusion formation is, however, a regulated process that is influenced by factors other than protein expression levels. We identified N-myristoylation of GAPR-1 as an important determinant at early stages of inclusion formation. In addition, mutations in the conserved metal-binding site (His54 and His103) enhanced inclusion formation, suggesting that these residues prevent uncontrolled protein sequestration. In agreement with this, we find that addition of Zn2+ metal ions enhances inclusion formation. Furthermore, Zn2+ reduces GAPR-1 protein degradation, which indicates stabilization of GAPR-1 in inclusions. We propose that the properties underlying both the amyloidogenic properties and the reversible sequestration of GAPR-1 into inclusions play a role in the biological function of GAPR-1 and other CAP family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Sirati
- Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism and Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Blagovesta Popova
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martijn R Molenaar
- Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism and Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Iris C Verhoek
- Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism and Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dora V Kaloyanova
- Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism and Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J Bernd Helms
- Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism and Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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5
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Romila CA, Townsend S, Malecki M, Kamrad S, Rodríguez-López M, Hillson O, Cotobal C, Ralser M, Bähler J. Barcode sequencing and a high-throughput assay for chronological lifespan uncover ageing-associated genes in fission yeast. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2021; 8:146-160. [PMID: 34250083 PMCID: PMC8246024 DOI: 10.15698/mic2021.07.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ageing-related processes are largely conserved, with simple organisms remaining the main platform to discover and dissect new ageing-associated genes. Yeasts provide potent model systems to study cellular ageing owing their amenability to systematic functional assays under controlled conditions. Even with yeast cells, however, ageing assays can be laborious and resource-intensive. Here we present improved experimental and computational methods to study chronological lifespan in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We decoded the barcodes for 3206 mutants of the latest gene-deletion library, enabling the parallel profiling of ~700 additional mutants compared to previous screens. We then applied a refined method of barcode sequencing (Bar-seq), addressing technical and statistical issues raised by persisting DNA in dead cells and sampling bottlenecks in aged cultures, to screen for mutants showing altered lifespan during stationary phase. This screen identified 341 long-lived mutants and 1246 short-lived mutants which point to many previously unknown ageing-associated genes, including 46 conserved but entirely uncharacterized genes. The ageing-associated genes showed coherent enrichments in processes also associated with human ageing, particularly with respect to ageing in non-proliferative brain cells. We also developed an automated colony-forming unit assay to facilitate medium- to high-throughput chronological-lifespan studies by saving time and resources compared to the traditional assay. Results from the Bar-seq screen showed good agreement with this new assay. This study provides an effective methodological platform and identifies many new ageing-associated genes as a framework for analysing cellular ageing in yeast and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina A. Romila
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- These authors contributed equally
| | - StJohn Townsend
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Michal Malecki
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Current address: Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stephan Kamrad
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Current address: Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Biochemistry, Germany
| | - María Rodríguez-López
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Olivia Hillson
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Cristina Cotobal
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Markus Ralser
- The Francis Crick Institute, Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Biochemistry, Germany
| | - Jürg Bähler
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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6
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Gao S, Wu Z, Feng X, Kajigaya S, Wang X, Young NS. Comprehensive network modeling from single cell RNA sequencing of human and mouse reveals well conserved transcription regulation of hematopoiesis. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:849. [PMID: 33372598 PMCID: PMC7771096 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Presently, there is no comprehensive analysis of the transcription regulation network in hematopoiesis. Comparison of networks arising from gene co-expression across species can facilitate an understanding of the conservation of functional gene modules in hematopoiesis. Results We used single-cell RNA sequencing to profile bone marrow from human and mouse, and inferred transcription regulatory networks in each species in order to characterize transcriptional programs governing hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. We designed an algorithm for network reconstruction to conduct comparative transcriptomic analysis of hematopoietic gene co-expression and transcription regulation in human and mouse bone marrow cells. Co-expression network connectivity of hematopoiesis-related genes was found to be well conserved between mouse and human. The co-expression network showed “small-world” and “scale-free” architecture. The gene regulatory network formed a hierarchical structure, and hematopoiesis transcription factors localized to the hierarchy’s middle level. Conclusions Transcriptional regulatory networks are well conserved between human and mouse. The hierarchical organization of transcription factors may provide insights into hematopoietic cell lineage commitment, and to signal processing, cell survival and disease initiation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07241-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouguo Gao
- Hematopoiesis and Bone Marrow Failure Laboratory, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Zhijie Wu
- Hematopoiesis and Bone Marrow Failure Laboratory, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xingmin Feng
- Hematopoiesis and Bone Marrow Failure Laboratory, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Hematopoiesis and Bone Marrow Failure Laboratory, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xujing Wang
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases (DEM), NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematopoiesis and Bone Marrow Failure Laboratory, Hematology Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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7
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Randez-Gil F, Bojunga L, Estruch F, Winderickx J, Del Poeta M, Prieto JA. Sphingolipids and Inositol Phosphates Regulate the Tau Protein Phosphorylation Status in Humanized Yeast. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:592159. [PMID: 33282871 PMCID: PMC7705114 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.592159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylation of protein tau is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Changes in energy and lipid metabolism have been correlated with the late onset of this neurological disorder. However, it is uncertain if metabolic dysregulation is a consequence of AD or one of the initiating factors of AD pathophysiology. Also, it is unclear whether variations in lipid metabolism regulate the phosphorylation state of tau. Here, we show that in humanized yeast, tau hyperphosphorylation is stimulated by glucose starvation in coincidence with the downregulation of Pho85, the yeast ortholog of CDK5. Changes in inositol phosphate (IP) signaling, which has a central role in energy metabolism, altered tau phosphorylation. Lack of inositol hexakisphosphate kinases Kcs1 and Vip1 (IP6 and IP7 kinases in mammals) increased tau hyperphosphorylation. Similar effects were found by mutation of IPK2 (inositol polyphosphate multikinase), or PLC1, the yeast phospholipase C gene. These effects may be explained by IP-mediated regulation of Pho85. Indeed, this appeared to be the case for plc1, ipk2, and kcs1. However, the effects of Vip1 on tau phosphorylation were independent of the presence of Pho85, suggesting additional mechanisms. Interestingly, kcs1 and vip1 strains, like pho85, displayed dysregulated sphingolipid (SL) metabolism. Moreover, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of SL biosynthesis stimulated the appearance of hyperphosphorylated forms of tau, while increased flux through the pathway reduced its abundance. Finally, we demonstrated that Sit4, the yeast ortholog of human PP2A protein phosphatase, is a downstream effector of SL signaling in mediating the tau phosphorylation state. Altogether, our results add new knowledge on the molecular effectors involved in tauopathies and identify new targets for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Randez-Gil
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lino Bojunga
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Estruch
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Northport, NY, United States
| | - Jose A. Prieto
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
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8
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Protective effect of Vigna unguiculata extract against aging and neurodegeneration. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:19785-19808. [PMID: 33024055 PMCID: PMC7732273 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging and age-related neurodegeneration are among the major challenges in modern medicine because of the progressive increase in the number of elderly in the world population. Nutrition, which has important long-term consequences for health, is an important way to prevent diseases and achieve healthy aging. The beneficial effects of Vigna unguiculata on metabolic disorders have been widely documented. Here, we show that an aqueous extract of V. unguiculata beans delays senescence both in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster, in a Snf1/AMPK-dependent manner. Consistently, an increased expression of FOXO, SIRT1, NOTCH and heme oxygenase (HO) genes, already known to be required for the longevity extension in D. melanogaster, is also shown. Preventing α-synuclein self-assembly is one of the most promising approaches for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), for which aging is a risk factor. In vitro aggregation of α-synuclein, its toxicity and membrane localization in yeast and neuroblastoma cells are strongly decreased in the presence of bean extract. In a Caenorhabditis elegans model of PD, V. unguiculata extract substantially reduces the number of the age-dependent degeneration of the cephalic dopaminergic neurons. Our findings support the role of V. unguiculata beans as a functional food in age-related disorders.
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9
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Dakik P, Rodriguez MEL, Junio JAB, Mitrofanova D, Medkour Y, Tafakori T, Taifour T, Lutchman V, Samson E, Arlia-Ciommo A, Rukundo B, Simard É, Titorenko VI. Discovery of fifteen new geroprotective plant extracts and identification of cellular processes they affect to prolong the chronological lifespan of budding yeast. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2182-2203. [PMID: 32577164 PMCID: PMC7289529 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In a quest for previously unknown geroprotective natural chemicals, we used a robust cell viability assay to search for commercially available plant extracts that can substantially prolong the chronological lifespan of budding yeast. Many of these plant extracts have been used in traditional Chinese and other herbal medicines or the Mediterranean and other customary diets. Our search led to a discovery of fifteen plant extracts that significantly extend the longevity of chronologically aging yeast not limited in calorie supply. We show that each of these longevity-extending plant extracts is a geroprotector that decreases the rate of yeast chronological aging and promotes a hormetic stress response. We also show that each of the fifteen geroprotective plant extracts mimics the longevity-extending, stress-protecting, metabolic and physiological effects of a caloric restriction diet but if added to yeast cultured under non-caloric restriction conditions. We provide evidence that the fifteen geroprotective plant extracts exhibit partially overlapping effects on a distinct set of longevity-defining cellular processes. These effects include a rise in coupled mitochondrial respiration, an altered age-related chronology of changes in reactive oxygen species abundance, protection of cellular macromolecules from oxidative damage, and an age-related increase in the resistance to long-term oxidative and thermal stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Dakik
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | | | | | - Darya Mitrofanova
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Younes Medkour
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Tala Tafakori
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Tarek Taifour
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Vicky Lutchman
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Eugenie Samson
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | | | - Belise Rukundo
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Éric Simard
- Idunn Technologies Inc., Rosemere, Quebec J7A 4A5, Canada
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10
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Jain S, Panuganti V, Jha S, Roy I. Harmine Acts as an Indirect Inhibitor of Intracellular Protein Aggregation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:5620-5628. [PMID: 32226837 PMCID: PMC7097889 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein aggregation and oxidative stress are two pathological hallmarks of a number of protein misfolding diseases, including Huntington's disease (HD). Whether protein aggregation precedes elevation of oxidative stress or follows it remains ambiguous. We have investigated the role of harmine, a beta-carboline alkaloid, in aggregation of a mutant huntingtin fragment (103Q-htt) in a yeast model of HD. We observed that harmine was able to decrease intracellular aggregation of 103Q-htt, and this reduction was higher than that observed with trehalose, a conventional protein stabilizer. The presence of harmine also decreased prion formation. Decreased protein aggregation was accompanied by reduction in oxidative stress. However, harmine had no effect on aggregation of the mutant huntingtin fragment in vitro. Thus, based on experimental data, we conclude that the antioxidant harmine lowers aggregation-induced elevation in oxidative stress, which slows down intracellular protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ipsita Roy
- E-mail: . Phone: 0091-172-229 2061. Fax: 0091-172-221 4692
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11
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Antoine M, Patrick KL, Soret J, Duc P, Rage F, Cacciottolo R, Nissen KE, Cauchi RJ, Krogan NJ, Guthrie C, Gachet Y, Bordonné R. Splicing Defects of the Profilin Gene Alter Actin Dynamics in an S. pombe SMN Mutant. iScience 2019; 23:100809. [PMID: 31927482 PMCID: PMC6957872 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a devastating motor neuron disorder caused by mutations in the survival motor neuron (SMN) gene. It remains unclear how SMN deficiency leads to the loss of motor neurons. By screening Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we found that the growth defect of an SMN mutant can be alleviated by deletion of the actin-capping protein subunit gene acp1+. We show that SMN mutated cells have splicing defects in the profilin gene, which thus directly hinder actin cytoskeleton homeostasis including endocytosis and cytokinesis. We conclude that deletion of acp1+ in an SMN mutant background compensates for actin cytoskeleton alterations by restoring redistribution of actin monomers between different types of cellular actin networks. Our data reveal a direct correlation between an impaired function of SMN in snRNP assembly and defects in actin dynamics. They also point to important common features in the pathogenic mechanism of SMA and ALS. Splicing defects in the profilin gene in an S. pombe SMN mutant SMN mutant contains excessively polymerized actin Altered actin dynamics in the SMN mutant hinders endocytosis and cytokinesis Deletion of the acp1 subunit restores actin dynamics in the SMN mutant
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Antoine
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Johann Soret
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Duc
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Rage
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Rebecca Cacciottolo
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | | | - Ruben J Cauchi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | | | | | - Yannick Gachet
- Centre de Biologie Integrative, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Rémy Bordonné
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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12
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Randez-Gil F, Sánchez-Adriá IE, Estruch F, Prieto JA. The formation of hybrid complexes between isoenzymes of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase regulates its aggregation state, the glycolytic activity and sphingolipid status in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 13:562-571. [PMID: 31743950 PMCID: PMC7017825 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) has been traditionally considered a housekeeping protein involved in energy generation. However, evidence indicates that GAPDHs from different origins are tightly regulated and that this regulation may be on the basis of glycolysis‐related and glycolysis‐unrelated functions. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Tdh3 is the main GAPDH, although two other isoenzymes encoded by TDH1 and TDH2 have been identified. Like other GAPDHs, Tdh3 exists predominantly as a tetramer, although dimeric and monomeric forms have also been isolated. Mechanisms of Tdh3 regulation may thus imply changes in its oligomeric state or be based in its ability to interact with Tdh1 and/or Tdh2 to form hybrid complexes. However, no direct evidence of the existence of these interactions has been provided and the exact function of Tdh1,2 is unknown. Here, we show that Tdh1,2 immunopurified with a GFP‐tagged version of Tdh3 and that lack of this interaction stimulates the Tdh3’s aggregation. Furthermore, we found that the combined knockout of TDH1 and TDH2 promotes the loss of cell’s viability and increases the growing rate, glucose consumption and CO2 production, suggesting a higher glycolytic flux in the mutant cells. Consistent with this, the tdh3 strain, which displays impaired in vitro GAPDH activity, exhibited the opposite phenotypes. Quite remarkably, tdh1 tdh2 mutant cells show increased sensitivity to aureobasidin A, an inhibitor of the inositolphosphoryl ceramide synthase, while cells lacking Tdh3 showed improved tolerance. The results are in agreement with a link between glycolysis and sphingolipid (SLs) metabolism. Engineering Tdh activity could be thus exploited to alter the SLs status with consequences in different aspects of yeast biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Randez-Gil
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Agustín Escardino, 7., Paterna, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel E Sánchez-Adriá
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Agustín Escardino, 7., Paterna, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Estruch
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100, Spain
| | - Jose A Prieto
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Agustín Escardino, 7., Paterna, 46980, Valencia, Spain
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13
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Abstract
On January 2014 approximately 10,000 gallons of crude 4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol (MCHM) and propylene glycol phenol ether (PPH) were accidentally released into the Elk River, West Virginia, contaminating the tap water of around 300,000 residents. Crude MCHM is an industrial chemical used as flotation reagent to clean coal. At the time of the spill, MCHM's toxicological data were limited, an issue that has been addressed by different studies focused on understanding the immediate and long-term effects of MCHM on human health and the environment. Using S. cerevisiae as a model organism we study the effect of acute exposure to crude MCHM on metabolism. Yeasts were treated with MCHM 550 ppm in YPD for 30 minutes. Polar and lipid metabolites were extracted from cells by a chloroform-methanol-water mixture. The extracts were then analyzed by direct injection ESI-MS and by GC-MS. The metabolomics analysis was complemented with flux balance analysis simulations done with genome-scale metabolic network models (GSMNM) of MCHM treated vs non-treated control. We integrated the effect of MCHM on yeast gene expression from RNA-Seq data within these GSMNM. A total of 215 and 73 metabolites were identified by the ESI-MS and GC-MS procedures, respectively. From these 26 and 23 relevant metabolites were selected from ESI-MS and GC-MS respectively, for 49 unique compounds. MCHM induced amino acid accumulation, via its effects on amino acid metabolism, as well as a potential impairment of ribosome biogenesis. MCHM affects phospholipid biosynthesis, with a potential impact on the biophysical properties of yeast cellular membranes. The FBA simulations were able to reproduce the deleterious effect of MCHM on cellular growth and suggest that the effect of MCHM on ubiquinol:ferricytochrome c reductase reaction, caused by the under-expression of CYT1 gene, could be the driven force behind the observed effect on yeast metabolism and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Pupo
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kang Mo Ku
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jennifer E. G. Gallagher
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Manganese-induced cellular disturbance in the baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae with putative implications in neuronal dysfunction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6563. [PMID: 31024033 PMCID: PMC6484083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential element, but in humans, chronic and/or acute exposure to this metal can lead to neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinsonism and Parkinson’s Disease by unclear mechanisms. To better understand the effects that exposure to Mn2+ exert on eukaryotic cell biology, we exposed a non-essential deletion library of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to a sub-inhibitory concentration of Mn2+ followed by targeted functional analyses of the positive hits. This screen produced a set of 43 sensitive deletion mutants that were enriched for genes associated with protein biosynthesis. Our follow-up investigations demonstrated that Mn reduced total rRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner and decreased expression of a β-galactosidase reporter gene. This was subsequently supported by analysis of ribosome profiles that suggested Mn-induced toxicity was associated with a reduction in formation of active ribosomes on the mRNAs. Altogether, these findings contribute to the current understanding of the mechanism of Mn-triggered cytotoxicity. Lastly, using the Comparative Toxicogenomic Database, we revealed that Mn shared certain similarities in toxicological mechanisms with neurodegenerative disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases.
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15
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Deprez MA, Eskes E, Winderickx J, Wilms T. The TORC1-Sch9 pathway as a crucial mediator of chronological lifespan in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 18:4980911. [PMID: 29788208 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foy048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of ageing is one that has intrigued mankind since the beginning of time and is now more important than ever as the incidence of age-related disorders is increasing in our ageing population. Over the past decades, extensive research has been performed using various model organisms. As such, it has become apparent that many fundamental aspects of biological ageing are highly conserved across large evolutionary distances. In this review, we illustrate that the unicellular eukaryotic organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae has proven to be a valuable tool to gain fundamental insights into the molecular mechanisms of cellular ageing in multicellular eukaryotes. In addition, we outline the current knowledge on how downregulation of nutrient signaling through the target of rapamycin (TOR)-Sch9 pathway or reducing calorie intake attenuates many detrimental effects associated with ageing and leads to the extension of yeast chronological lifespan. Given that both TOR Complex 1 (TORC1) and Sch9 have mammalian orthologues that have been implicated in various age-related disorders, unraveling the connections of TORC1 and Sch9 with yeast ageing may provide additional clues on how their mammalian orthologues contribute to the mechanisms underpinning human ageing and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Anne Deprez
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Elja Eskes
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Tobias Wilms
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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16
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Derf A, Verekar SA, Jain SK, Deshmukh SK, Bharate SB, Chaudhuri B. Radicicol rescues yeast cell death triggered by expression of human α-synuclein and its A53T mutant, but not by human βA4 peptide and proapoptotic protein bax. Bioorg Chem 2019; 85:152-158. [PMID: 30612081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation/misfolding of α-synuclein and βA4 proteins cause neuronal cell death (NCD) associated with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. It has been suggested that a heat shock protein-90 (Hsp90) inhibitor can prevent NCD by activating the heat shock transcription factor-1 which, in turn, upregulates molecular chaperones such as Hsp70 that targets aggregated/misfolded proteins for refolding/degradation. We have isolated radicicol, an Hsp90 inhibitor, from a fungus occurring in the crevices of marble rocks of Central India. Radicicol, which was found to be a strong antioxidant, was tested for its ability to rescue yeast cells from death induced by expression of wild-type α-synuclein, its more toxic A53T mutant, and βA4. It effectively overcomes wild-type/mutant α-synuclein mediated yeast cell death, concomitantly diminishes ROS levels, reverses mitochondrial dysfunction and prevents nuclear DNA-fragmentation, a hallmark of apoptosis. Surprisingly however, radicicol is unable to rescue yeast cells from death triggered by expression of secreted βA4. Moreover, although radicicol acts as an antioxidant it fails to prevent yeast cell death inflicted by the proapoptotic protein, Bax. Our results indicate that radicicol specifically targets aggregated/misfolded α-synuclein's toxicity and opens up the possibility of using multiple yeast assays to screen natural product libraries for compounds that would unambiguously target α-synuclein aggregation/misfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Derf
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Shilpa A Verekar
- Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Goregaon (East), Mumbai 400 063, India
| | - Shreyans K Jain
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Sunil K Deshmukh
- Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Goregaon (East), Mumbai 400 063, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
| | - Bhabatosh Chaudhuri
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
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17
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Fruhmann G, Marchal C, Vignaud H, Verduyckt M, Talarek N, De Virgilio C, Winderickx J, Cullin C. The Impact of ESCRT on Aβ 1-42 Induced Membrane Lesions in a Yeast Model for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:406. [PMID: 30455629 PMCID: PMC6230623 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aβ metabolism plays a pivotal role in Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we used a yeast model to monitor Aβ42 toxicity when entering the secretory pathway and demonstrate that processing in, and exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is required to unleash the full Aβ42 toxic potential. Consistent with previously reported data, our data suggests that Aβ42 interacts with mitochondria, thereby enhancing formation of reactive oxygen species and eventually leading to cell demise. We used our model to search for genes that modulate this deleterious effect, either by reducing or enhancing Aβ42 toxicity, based on screening of the yeast knockout collection. This revealed a reduced Aβ42 toxicity not only in strains hampered in ER-Golgi traffic and mitochondrial functioning but also in strains lacking genes connected to the cell cycle and the DNA replication stress response. On the other hand, increased Aβ42 toxicity was observed in strains affected in the actin cytoskeleton organization, endocytosis and the formation of multivesicular bodies, including key factors of the ESCRT machinery. Since the latter was shown to be required for the repair of membrane lesions in mammalian systems, we studied this aspect in more detail in our yeast model. Our data demonstrated that Aβ42 heavily disturbed the plasma membrane integrity in a strain lacking the ESCRT-III accessory factor Bro1, a phenotype that came along with a severe growth defect and enhanced loading of lipid droplets. Thus, it appears that also in yeast ESCRT is required for membrane repair, thereby counteracting one of the deleterious effects induced by the expression of Aβ42. Combined, our studies once more validated the use of yeast as a model to investigate fundamental mechanisms underlying the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christelle Marchal
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - Hélène Vignaud
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | | | - Nicolas Talarek
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Christophe Cullin
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5248, Pessac, France
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18
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Zheng J, Winderickx J, Franssens V, Liu B. A Mitochondria-Associated Oxidative Stress Perspective on Huntington's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:329. [PMID: 30283298 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00329/xml/nlm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is genetically caused by mutation of the Huntingtin (HTT) gene. At present, the mechanisms underlying the defect of HTT and the development of HD remain largely unclear. However, increasing evidence shows the presence of enhanced oxidative stress in HD patients. In this review article, we focus on the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of HD and discuss mediators and potential mechanisms involved in mutant HTT-mediated oxidative stress generation and progression. Furthermore, we emphasize the role of the unicellular organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae in investigating mutant HTT-induced oxidative stress. Overall, this review article provides an overview of the latest findings regarding oxidative stress in HD and potential therapeutic targets for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Zheng
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Franssens
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Beidong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Large-scale Cell-based Screening, Faculty of Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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19
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Zheng J, Winderickx J, Franssens V, Liu B. A Mitochondria-Associated Oxidative Stress Perspective on Huntington's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:329. [PMID: 30283298 PMCID: PMC6156126 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is genetically caused by mutation of the Huntingtin (HTT) gene. At present, the mechanisms underlying the defect of HTT and the development of HD remain largely unclear. However, increasing evidence shows the presence of enhanced oxidative stress in HD patients. In this review article, we focus on the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of HD and discuss mediators and potential mechanisms involved in mutant HTT-mediated oxidative stress generation and progression. Furthermore, we emphasize the role of the unicellular organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae in investigating mutant HTT-induced oxidative stress. Overall, this review article provides an overview of the latest findings regarding oxidative stress in HD and potential therapeutic targets for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Zheng
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Franssens
- Department of Biology, Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Beidong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Large-scale Cell-based Screening, Faculty of Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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20
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Hofer S, Kainz K, Zimmermann A, Bauer MA, Pendl T, Poglitsch M, Madeo F, Carmona-Gutierrez D. Studying Huntington's Disease in Yeast: From Mechanisms to Pharmacological Approaches. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:318. [PMID: 30233317 PMCID: PMC6131589 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to progressive neuronal loss, provoking impaired motor control, cognitive decline, and dementia. So far, HD remains incurable, and available drugs are effective only for symptomatic management. HD is caused by a mutant form of the huntingtin protein, which harbors an elongated polyglutamine domain and is highly prone to aggregation. However, many aspects underlying the cytotoxicity of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) remain elusive, hindering the efficient development of applicable interventions to counteract HD. An important strategy to obtain molecular insights into human disorders in general is the use of eukaryotic model organisms, which are easy to genetically manipulate and display a high degree of conservation regarding disease-relevant cellular processes. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a long-standing and successful history in modeling a plethora of human maladies and has recently emerged as an effective tool to study neurodegenerative disorders, including HD. Here, we summarize some of the most important contributions of yeast to HD research, specifically concerning the elucidation of mechanistic features of mHTT cytotoxicity and the potential of yeast as a platform to screen for pharmacological agents against HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Kainz
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria A. Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Pendl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Poglitsch
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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21
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Schneider KL, Nyström T, Widlund PO. Studying Spatial Protein Quality Control, Proteopathies, and Aging Using Different Model Misfolding Proteins in S. cerevisiae. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:249. [PMID: 30083092 PMCID: PMC6064742 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein quality control (PQC) is critical to maintain a functioning proteome. Misfolded or toxic proteins are either refolded or degraded by a system of temporal quality control and can also be sequestered into aggregates or inclusions by a system of spatial quality control. Breakdown of this concerted PQC network with age leads to an increased risk for the onset of disease, particularly neurological disease. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used extensively to elucidate PQC pathways and general evolutionary conservation of the PQC machinery has led to the development of several useful S. cerevisiae models of human neurological diseases. Key to both of these types of studies has been the development of several different model misfolding proteins, which are used to challenge and monitor the PQC machinery. In this review, we summarize and compare the model misfolding proteins that have been used to specifically study spatial PQC in S. cerevisiae, as well as the misfolding proteins that have been shown to be subject to spatial quality control in S. cerevisiae models of human neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Schneider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Nyström
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per O Widlund
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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22
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Seynnaeve D, Vecchio MD, Fruhmann G, Verelst J, Cools M, Beckers J, Mulvihill DP, Winderickx J, Franssens V. Recent Insights on Alzheimer's Disease Originating from Yeast Models. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1947. [PMID: 29970827 PMCID: PMC6073265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review article, yeast model-based research advances regarding the role of Amyloid-β (Aβ), Tau and frameshift Ubiquitin UBB+1 in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are discussed. Despite having limitations with regard to intercellular and cognitive AD aspects, these models have clearly shown their added value as complementary models for the study of the molecular aspects of these proteins, including their interplay with AD-related cellular processes such as mitochondrial dysfunction and altered proteostasis. Moreover, these yeast models have also shown their importance in translational research, e.g., in compound screenings and for AD diagnostics development. In addition to well-established Saccharomyces cerevisiae models, new upcoming Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Candida glabrata and Kluyveromyces lactis yeast models for Aβ and Tau are briefly described. Finally, traditional and more innovative research methodologies, e.g., for studying protein oligomerization/aggregation, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Seynnaeve
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Mara Del Vecchio
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Gernot Fruhmann
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Joke Verelst
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Melody Cools
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jimmy Beckers
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Daniel P Mulvihill
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, Kent, UK.
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Vanessa Franssens
- Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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23
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Natkańska U, Skoneczna A, Skoneczny M. Oxidative stress triggers aggregation of GFP-tagged Hsp31p, the budding yeast environmental stress response chaperone, and glyoxalase III. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:595-607. [PMID: 29264711 PMCID: PMC6045530 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hsp31p protein belongs to the ubiquitous DJ-1/ThiJ/PfpI family. The most prominent member of this family is human DJ-1; defects of this protein are associated with Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Numerous recent findings reported by our group and others have revealed the importance of Hsp31p for survival in the post-diauxic phase of cell growth and under diverse environmental stresses. Hsp31p was shown to possess glutathione-independent glyoxalase III activity and to function as a protein chaperone, suggesting that it has multiple cellular roles. Our previous work also revealed that HSP31 gene expression was controlled by multiple stress-related transcription factors, which mediated HSP31 promoter responses to oxidative, osmotic, and thermal stresses, toxic products of glycolysis, and the diauxic shift. Nevertheless, the exact role of Hsp31p within budding yeast cells remains elusive. Here, we aimed to obtain insights into the function of Hsp31p based on its intracellular localization. We have demonstrated that the Hsp31p-GFP fusion protein is localized to the cytosol under most environmental conditions and that it becomes particulate in response to oxidative stress. However, the particles do not colocalize with other granular subcellular structures present in budding yeast cells. The observed particulate localization does not seem to be important for Hsp31p functionality. Instead, it is likely the result of oxidative damage, as the particle abundance increases when Hsp31p is nonfunctional, when the cellular oxidative stress response is affected, or when cellular maintenance systems that optimize the state of the proteome are compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Natkańska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Adrianna Skoneczna
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Laboratory of Mutagenesis and DNA Repair, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Marek Skoneczny
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warszawa, Poland.
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24
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Eleutherio E, Brasil ADA, França MB, de Almeida DSG, Rona GB, Magalhães RSS. Oxidative stress and aging: Learning from yeast lessons. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:514-525. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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The Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a Model for Understanding RAS Proteins and their Role in Human Tumorigenesis. Cells 2018; 7:cells7020014. [PMID: 29463063 PMCID: PMC5850102 DOI: 10.3390/cells7020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a biological model for the investigation of complex molecular processes conserved in multicellular organisms, such as humans, has allowed fundamental biological discoveries. When comparing yeast and human proteins, it is clear that both amino acid sequences and protein functions are often very well conserved. One example of the high degree of conservation between human and yeast proteins is highlighted by the members of the RAS family. Indeed, the study of the signaling pathways regulated by RAS in yeast cells led to the discovery of properties that were often found interchangeable with RAS proto-oncogenes in human pathways, and vice versa. In this work, we performed an updated critical literature review on human and yeast RAS pathways, specifically highlighting the similarities and differences between them. Moreover, we emphasized the contribution of studying yeast RAS pathways for the understanding of human RAS and how this model organism can contribute to unveil the roles of RAS oncoproteins in the regulation of mechanisms important in the tumorigenic process, like autophagy.
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26
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Trigo-Damas I, del Rey NLG, Blesa J. Novel models for Parkinson’s disease and their impact on future drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:229-239. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1428556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Trigo-Damas
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Blesa
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Chen X, Bisschops MMM, Agarwal NR, Ji B, Shanmugavel KP, Petranovic D. Interplay of Energetics and ER Stress Exacerbates Alzheimer's Amyloid-β (Aβ) Toxicity in Yeast. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:232. [PMID: 28798664 PMCID: PMC5529408 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegeneration. Oligomers of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) are thought to play a pivotal role in AD pathogenesis, yet the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Two major isoforms of Aβ associated with AD are Aβ40 and Aβ42, the latter being more toxic and prone to form oligomers. Here, we took a systems biology approach to study two humanized yeast AD models which expressed either Aβ40 or Aβ42 in bioreactor cultures. Strict control of oxygen availability and culture pH, strongly affected chronological lifespan and reduced variations during cell growth. Reduced growth rates and biomass yields were observed upon Aβ42 expression, indicating a redirection of energy from growth to maintenance. Quantitative physiology analyses furthermore revealed reduced mitochondrial functionality and ATP generation in Aβ42 expressing cells, which matched with observed aberrant mitochondrial structures. Genome-wide expression level analysis showed that Aβ42 expression triggered strong ER stress and unfolded protein responses. Equivalent expression of Aβ40, however, induced only mild ER stress, which resulted in hardly affected physiology. Using AD yeast models in well-controlled cultures strengthened our understanding on how cells translate different Aβ toxicity signals into particular cell fate programs, and further enhance their potential as a discovery platform to identify possible therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Markus M. M. Bisschops
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nisha R. Agarwal
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Boyang Ji
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kumaravel P. Shanmugavel
- Division of Chemical Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dina Petranovic
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
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28
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Tripp J, Essl C, Iancu CV, Boles E, Choe JY, Oreb M. Establishing a yeast-based screening system for discovery of human GLUT5 inhibitors and activators. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6197. [PMID: 28740135 PMCID: PMC5524692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human GLUT5 is a fructose-specific transporter in the glucose transporter family (GLUT, SLC2 gene family). Its substrate-specificity and tissue-specific expression make it a promising target for treatment of diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cancer, but few GLUT5 inhibitors are known. To identify and characterize potential GLUT5 ligands, we developed a whole-cell system based on a yeast strain deficient in fructose uptake, in which GLUT5 transport activity is associated with cell growth in fructose-based media or assayed by fructose uptake in whole cells. The former method is convenient for high-throughput screening of potential GLUT5 inhibitors and activators, while the latter enables detailed kinetic characterization of identified GLUT5 ligands. We show that functional expression of GLUT5 in yeast requires mutations at specific positions of the transporter sequence. The mutated proteins exhibit kinetic properties similar to the wild-type transporter and are inhibited by established GLUT5 inhibitors N-[4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrophenyl]-1,3-benzodioxol-5-amine (MSNBA) and (−)-epicatechin-gallate (ECG). Thus, this system has the potential to greatly accelerate the discovery of compounds that modulate the fructose transport activity of GLUT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Tripp
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine Essl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cristina V Iancu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, The Chicago Medical School, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Eckhard Boles
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jun-Yong Choe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, The Chicago Medical School, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
| | - Mislav Oreb
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Sideri T, Yashiroda Y, Ellis DA, Rodríguez-López M, Yoshida M, Tuite MF, Bähler J. The copper transport-associated protein Ctr4 can form prion-like epigenetic determinants in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. MICROBIAL CELL 2017; 4:16-28. [PMID: 28191457 PMCID: PMC5302157 DOI: 10.15698/mic2017.01.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prions are protein-based infectious entities associated with fatal brain diseases
in animals, but also modify a range of host-cell phenotypes in the budding
yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Many questions remain about
the evolution and biology of prions. Although several functionally distinct
prion-forming proteins exist in S. cerevisiae, [HET-s] of
Podospora anserina is the only other known fungal prion.
Here we investigated prion-like, protein-based epigenetic transmission in the
fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We show that
S. pombe cells can support the formation and maintenance of
the prion form of the S. cerevisiae Sup35 translation factor
[PSI+], and that the formation and propagation
of these Sup35 aggregates is inhibited by guanidine hydrochloride, indicating
commonalities in prion propagation machineries in these evolutionary diverged
yeasts. A proteome-wide screen identified the Ctr4 copper transporter subunit as
a putative prion with a predicted prion-like domain. Overexpression of
the ctr4 gene resulted in large Ctr4 protein aggregates
that were both detergent and proteinase-K resistant. Cells carrying such
[CTR+] aggregates showed increased sensitivity
to oxidative stress, and this phenotype could be transmitted to aggregate-free
[ctr-] cells by transformation with
[CTR+] cell extracts. Moreover, this
[CTR+] phenotype was inherited in a
non-Mendelian manner following mating with naïve
[ctr-] cells, but intriguingly the
[CTR+] phenotype was not eliminated by
guanidine-hydrochloride treatment. Thus, Ctr4 exhibits multiple features
diagnostic of other fungal prions and is the first example of a prion in fission
yeast. These findings suggest that transmissible protein-based determinants of
traits may be more widespread among fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Sideri
- University College London, Research Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment and Institute of Healthy Ageing, London, U.K
| | - Yoko Yashiroda
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN and Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, Saitama, Japan
| | - David A Ellis
- University College London, Research Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment and Institute of Healthy Ageing, London, U.K
| | - María Rodríguez-López
- University College London, Research Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment and Institute of Healthy Ageing, London, U.K
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN and Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mick F Tuite
- Kent Fungal Group, University of Kent, School of Biosciences, Canterbury, Kent, U.K
| | - Jürg Bähler
- University College London, Research Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment and Institute of Healthy Ageing, London, U.K
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30
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Abstract
Apart from energy transformation, mitochondria play important signaling roles. In
yeast, mitochondrial signaling relies on several molecular cascades. However, it
is not clear how a cell detects a particular mitochondrial malfunction. The
problem is that there are many possible manifestations of mitochondrial
dysfunction. For example, exposure to the specific antibiotics can either
decrease (inhibitors of respiratory chain) or increase (inhibitors of
ATP-synthase) mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Moreover, even in the
absence of the dysfunctions, a cell needs feedback from mitochondria to
coordinate mitochondrial biogenesis and/or removal by mitophagy during the
division cycle. To cope with the complexity, only a limited set of compounds is
monitored by yeast cells to estimate mitochondrial functionality. The known
examples of such compounds are ATP, reactive oxygen species, intermediates of
amino acids synthesis, short peptides, Fe-S clusters and heme, and also the
precursor proteins which fail to be imported by mitochondria. On one hand, the
levels of these molecules depend not only on mitochondria. On the other hand,
these substances are recognized by the cytosolic sensors which transmit the
signals to the nucleus leading to general, as opposed to mitochondria-specific,
transcriptional response. Therefore, we argue that both ways of
mitochondria-to-nucleus communication in yeast are mostly (if not completely)
unspecific, are mediated by the cytosolic signaling machinery and strongly
depend on cellular metabolic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Knorre
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-40, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Svyatoslav S Sokolov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-40, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anna N Zyrina
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-73, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Fedor F Severin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-40, Moscow 119991, Russia. ; Institute of Mitoengineering, Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
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