1
|
Mandò C, Castiglioni S, Novielli C, Anelli GM, Serati A, Parisi F, Lubrano C, Zocchi M, Ottria R, Giovarelli M. Placental Bioenergetics and Antioxidant Homeostasis in Maternal Obesity and Gestational Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:858. [PMID: 39061926 PMCID: PMC11273840 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity has been associated with short- and long-term risks of pregnancy-perinatal adverse events, possibly due to alterations of placental mitochondrial bioenergetics. However, several detrimental mechanisms occurring in the placentas of women with obesity still need to be clarified. Here, we analyzed placental mitochondrial features and oxidative environment of 46 pregnancies in relation to pre-pregnancy BMI. Seventeen Caucasian normal-weight (NW) and twenty-nine women who were obese (OB) were enrolled. The protein expression of mitochondrial CypD and electron transfer chain complexes (C) I-V were measured, as well as ATP production and oxygen consumption rates (OCRs). The protein levels of the pro/anti-oxidant enzymes TXNIP, SOD2, and PON2 were also analyzed. Despite no differences in CypD expression, OCRs were significantly lower in OB vs. NW women. Accordingly, ATP synthase (CV) levels and ATP content were decreased in OB women, positively correlating with placental efficiency, suggesting a link between ATP deficiency and placental dysfunction. SOD2 expression negatively correlated with maternal BMI, indicating a possible impairment of antioxidant defenses with increasing BMI. These changes were worsened in 10 OB women presenting with gestational diabetes mellitus. Overall, these results suggest alterations of placental bioenergetics in pregnancies of women with obesity, possibly leading to placental dysfunction and altered fetal development and programming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mandò
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (S.C.); (G.M.A.); (F.P.); (C.L.); (M.Z.); (R.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (S.C.); (G.M.A.); (F.P.); (C.L.); (M.Z.); (R.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Chiara Novielli
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Maria Anelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (S.C.); (G.M.A.); (F.P.); (C.L.); (M.Z.); (R.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Anaïs Serati
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (S.C.); (G.M.A.); (F.P.); (C.L.); (M.Z.); (R.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Francesca Parisi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (S.C.); (G.M.A.); (F.P.); (C.L.); (M.Z.); (R.O.); (M.G.)
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Lubrano
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (S.C.); (G.M.A.); (F.P.); (C.L.); (M.Z.); (R.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Monica Zocchi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (S.C.); (G.M.A.); (F.P.); (C.L.); (M.Z.); (R.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Roberta Ottria
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (S.C.); (G.M.A.); (F.P.); (C.L.); (M.Z.); (R.O.); (M.G.)
| | - Matteo Giovarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (S.C.); (G.M.A.); (F.P.); (C.L.); (M.Z.); (R.O.); (M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Faienza MF, Urbano F, Anaclerio F, Moscogiuri LA, Konstantinidou F, Stuppia L, Gatta V. Exploring Maternal Diet-Epigenetic-Gut Microbiome Crosstalk as an Intervention Strategy to Counter Early Obesity Programming. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4358-4378. [PMID: 38785533 PMCID: PMC11119222 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in a mother's metabolism and endocrine system, due to unbalanced nutrition, may increase the risk of both metabolic and non-metabolic disorders in the offspring's childhood and adulthood. The risk of obesity in the offspring can be determined by the interplay between maternal nutrition and lifestyle, intrauterine environment, epigenetic modifications, and early postnatal factors. Several studies have indicated that the fetal bowel begins to colonize before birth and that, during birth and nursing, the gut microbiota continues to change. The mother's gut microbiota is primarily transferred to the fetus through maternal nutrition and the environment. In this way, it is able to impact the establishment of the early fetal and neonatal microbiome, resulting in epigenetic signatures that can possibly predispose the offspring to the development of obesity in later life. However, antioxidants and exercise in the mother have been shown to improve the offspring's metabolism, with improvements in leptin, triglycerides, adiponectin, and insulin resistance, as well as in the fetal birth weight through epigenetic mechanisms. Therefore, in this extensive literature review, we aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal diet, epigenetics, and gut microbiota in order to expand on current knowledge and identify novel potential preventative strategies for lowering the risk of obesity in children and adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Felicia Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Flavia Urbano
- Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, 70126 Bari, Italy; (F.U.); (L.A.M.)
| | - Federico Anaclerio
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.A.); (F.K.); (L.S.); (V.G.)
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Fani Konstantinidou
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.A.); (F.K.); (L.S.); (V.G.)
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.A.); (F.K.); (L.S.); (V.G.)
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.A.); (F.K.); (L.S.); (V.G.)
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shang J, Yu Z, Xiong C, Zhang J, Gong J, Yu C, Huang Y, Zhou X. Resistin targets TAZ to promote osteogenic differentiation through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. iScience 2023; 26:107025. [PMID: 37389179 PMCID: PMC10300212 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenic differentiation (OD) of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) contributes significantly to the regeneration of bone defects. Resistin, an adipose tissue-specific secretory factor, has been shown to involve many different functions, including metabolism, inflammation, cancer, and bone remodeling. However, the effects and mechanisms of resistin on OD of BMSCs remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that resistin was highly expressed in BMSCs with OD. Upregulation of resistin contributed to the progression of OD of BMSCs by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, resistin facilitated OD by targeting transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). In a rat femoral condyle bone defect model, local injection of resistin significantly promoted bone repair and improved bone formation. This work contributes to better understanding the mechanism of resistin directly involved in the OD and might provide a new therapeutic strategy for bone defect regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JingJing Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Zhentang Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
- Department of Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, China
| | - Chengwei Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Jinhong Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Changlin Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Xindie Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Gonghe County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai 811800, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chekima K, Yan SW, Lee SWH, Wong TZ, Noor MI, Ooi YB, Metzendorf MI, Lai NM. Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for people with overweight or obesity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023; 6:CD005105. [PMID: 37345841 PMCID: PMC10313499 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd005105.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, yet nutritional management remains contentious. It has been suggested that low glycaemic index (GI) or low glycaemic load (GL) diets may stimulate greater weight loss than higher GI/GL diets or other weight reduction diets. The previous version of this review, published in 2007, found mainly short-term intervention studies. Since then, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with longer-term follow-up have become available, warranting an update of this review. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets on weight loss in people with overweight or obesity. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, one other database, and two clinical trials registers from their inception to 25 May 2022. We did not apply any language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA We included RCTs with a minimum duration of eight weeks comparing low GI/GL diets to higher GI/GL diets or any other diets in people with overweight or obesity. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methods. We conducted two main comparisons: low GI/GL diets versus higher GI/GL diets and low GI/GL diets versus any other diet. Our main outcomes included change in body weight and body mass index, adverse events, health-related quality of life, and mortality. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome. MAIN RESULTS In this updated review, we included 10 studies (1210 participants); nine were newly-identified studies. We included only one study from the previous version of this review, following a revision of inclusion criteria. We listed five studies as 'awaiting classification' and one study as 'ongoing'. Of the 10 included studies, seven compared low GI/GL diets (233 participants) with higher GI/GL diets (222 participants) and three studies compared low GI/GL diets (379 participants) with any other diet (376 participants). One study included children (50 participants); one study included adults aged over 65 years (24 participants); the remaining studies included adults (1136 participants). The duration of the interventions varied from eight weeks to 18 months. All trials had an unclear or high risk of bias across several domains. Low GI/GL diets versus higher GI/GL diets Low GI/GL diets probably result in little to no difference in change in body weight compared to higher GI/GL diets (mean difference (MD) -0.82 kg, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.92 to 0.28; I2 = 52%; 7 studies, 403 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Evidence from four studies reporting change in body mass index (BMI) indicated low GI/GL diets may result in little to no difference in change in BMI compared to higher GI/GL diets (MD -0.45 kg/m2, 95% CI -1.02 to 0.12; I2 = 22%; 186 participants; low-certainty evidence)at the end of the study periods. One study assessing participants' mood indicated that low GI/GL diets may improve mood compared to higher GI/GL diets, but the evidence is very uncertain (MD -3.5, 95% CI -9.33 to 2.33; 42 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Two studies assessing adverse events did not report any adverse events; we judged this outcome to have very low-certainty evidence. No studies reported on all-cause mortality. For the secondary outcomes, low GI/GL diets may result in little to no difference in fat mass compared to higher GI/GL diets (MD -0.86 kg, 95% CI -1.52 to -0.20; I2 = 6%; 6 studies, 295 participants; low certainty-evidence). Similarly, low GI/GL diets may result in little to no difference in fasting blood glucose level compared to higher GI/GL diets (MD 0.12 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.21; I2 = 0%; 6 studies, 344 participants; low-certainty evidence). Low GI/GL diets versus any other diet Low GI/GL diets probably result in little to no difference in change in body weight compared to other diets (MD -1.24 kg, 95% CI -2.82 to 0.34; I2 = 70%; 3 studies, 723 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). The evidence suggests that low GI/GL diets probably result in little to no difference in change in BMI compared to other diets (MD -0.30 kg in favour of low GI/GL diets, 95% CI -0.59 to -0.01; I2 = 0%; 2 studies, 650 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Two adverse events were reported in one study: one was not related to the intervention, and the other, an eating disorder, may have been related to the intervention. Another study reported 11 adverse events, including hypoglycaemia following an oral glucose tolerance test. The same study reported seven serious adverse events, including kidney stones and diverticulitis. We judged this outcome to have low-certainty evidence. No studies reported on health-related quality of life or all-cause mortality. For the secondary outcomes, none of the studies reported on fat mass. Low GI/GL diets probably do not reduce fasting blood glucose level compared to other diets (MD 0.03 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.12; I2 = 0%; 3 studies, 732 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence indicates there may be little to no difference for all main outcomes between low GI/GL diets versus higher GI/GL diets or any other diet. There is insufficient information to draw firm conclusions about the effect of low GI/GL diets on people with overweight or obesity. Most studies had a small sample size, with only a few participants in each comparison group. We rated the certainty of the evidence as moderate to very low. More well-designed and adequately-powered studies are needed. They should follow a standardised intervention protocol, adopt objective outcome measurement since blinding may be difficult to achieve, and make efforts to minimise loss to follow-up. Furthermore, studies in people from a wide range of ethnicities and with a wide range of dietary habits, as well as studies in low- and middle-income countries, are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khadidja Chekima
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - See Wan Yan
- School of Hospitality Management, Macao Institute for Tourism Studies, Macao, Macao
| | | | - Tziak Ze Wong
- School of Food Studies and Gastronomy, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ismail Noor
- School of Culinary Arts and Food Studies, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yasmin Bh Ooi
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Maria-Inti Metzendorf
- Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nai Ming Lai
- School of Medicine, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hou L, Zhang M, Liu L, Zhong Q, Xie M, Zhao G. Therapeutic Applications of Nanomedicine in Metabolic Diseases by Targeting the Endothelium. QJM 2022:6692319. [PMID: 36063067 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial cells not only constitute the barrier between the blood and interstitial space, but also actively regulate vascular tone, blood flow, and the function of adjacent parenchymal cells. The close anatomical relationship between endothelial cells and highly vascularized metabolic organs suggests that the crosstalk between these units is vital for systemic metabolic homeostasis. Here, we review recent studies about the pivotal role of endothelial cells in metabolic diseases. Specifically, we discuss how the dysfunction of endothelial cells directly contributes to the development of insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) via communication with parenchymal cells. Furthermore, although many biological macromolecules have been shown to ameliorate the progression of metabolic diseases by improving endothelial function, the low solubility, poor bioavailability, or lack of specificity of these molecules limit their clinical application. Given the advantages in drug delivery of nanomedicine, we focus on summarizing the reports that improving endothelial dysfunction through nanomedicine-based therapies provides an opportunity for preventing metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianjie Hou
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Lili Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Zhong
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiying Xie
- Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, 297 Guangshan First Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510520, China
| | - Guojun Zhao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hufnagel A, Dearden L, Fernandez-Twinn DS, Ozanne SE. Programming of cardiometabolic health: the role of maternal and fetal hyperinsulinaemia. J Endocrinol 2022; 253:R47-R63. [PMID: 35258482 PMCID: PMC9066586 DOI: 10.1530/joe-21-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and gestational diabetes during pregnancy have multiple short- and long-term consequences for both mother and child. One common feature of pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity and gestational diabetes is maternal hyperinsulinaemia, which has effects on the mother and her adaptation to pregnancy. Even though insulin does not cross the placenta insulin can act on the placenta as well affecting placental growth, angiogenesis and lipid metabolism. Obese and gestational diabetic pregnancies are often characterised by maternal hyperglycaemia resulting in exposure of the fetus to high levels of glucose, which freely crosses the placenta. This leads to stimulation of fetal ß-cells and insulin secretion in the fetus. Fetal hyperglycaemia/hyperinsulinaemia has been shown to cause multiple complications in fetal development, such as altered growth trajectories, impaired neuronal and cardiac development and early exhaustion of the pancreas. These changes could increase the susceptibility of the offspring to develop cardiometabolic diseases later in life. In this review, we aim to summarize and review the mechanisms by which maternal and fetal hyperinsulinaemia impact on (i) maternal health during pregnancy; (ii) placental and fetal development; (iii) offspring energy homeostasis and long-term cardiometabolic health; (iv) how interventions can alleviate these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Hufnagel
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Level 4, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Laura Dearden
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Level 4, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Denise S Fernandez-Twinn
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Level 4, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Level 4, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aksin S, Andan C, Tunc S, Goklu MR. Comparison of brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation, uterine artery Doppler, and umbilical artery Doppler measurements in obese and normal pregnant women. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 48:340-350. [PMID: 34729866 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to compare vascular function at trimesters 1, 2, and 3 between obese and normal pregnant women through brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), uterine artery Doppler, and umbilical artery Doppler measurements. METHODS Pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 40 who presented to our clinic were included. Brachial artery FMD, uterine and umbilical artery Doppler, and clinical parameters of 40 obese pregnant women from each trimester between 11 and 14 weeks, 24 and 28 weeks, 37 and 40 weeks and control pregnant group in the same number and gestational week were examined. RESULTS In all three trimesters, the FMD value was lower in obese pregnant women compared to normal women with adequate weight (p < 0.001). In obese pregnant women, lower FMD values were observed in the second trimester compared to other trimesters (p = 0.011) Cut-off value of FMD below 14.35 in obese pregnant women was found to be associated with gestational diabetes mellitus. Uterine artery Doppler in obese pregnant women started to increase from the second trimester compared to normal women with adequate weight. CONCLUSION Obese pregnant women have endovascular dysfunction compared to normal pregnant women and this becomes evident from the second trimester.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serif Aksin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, TC Ministry of Health, Health Sciences University Gazi Yasargil Diyarbakır Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Andan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, TC Ministry of Health, Health Sciences University Gazi Yasargil Diyarbakır Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Seyhmus Tunc
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, TC Ministry of Health, Health Sciences University Gazi Yasargil Diyarbakır Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Rifat Goklu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, TC Ministry of Health, Health Sciences University Gazi Yasargil Diyarbakır Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Parrettini S, Caroli A, Torlone E. Nutrition and Metabolic Adaptations in Physiological and Complicated Pregnancy: Focus on Obesity and Gestational Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:611929. [PMID: 33424775 PMCID: PMC7793966 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.611929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy offers a window of opportunity to program the future health of both mothers and offspring. During gestation, women experience a series of physical and metabolic modifications and adaptations, which aim to protect the fetus development and are closely related to both pre-gestational nutritional status and gestational weight gain. Moreover, pre-gestational obesity represents a challenge of treatment, and nowadays there are new evidence as regard its management, especially the adequate weight gain. Recent evidence has highlighted the determinant role of nutritional status and maternal diet on both pregnancy outcomes and long-term risk of chronic diseases, through a transgenerational flow, conceptualized by the Development Origin of Health and Diseases (Dohad) theory. In this review we will analyse the physiological and endocrine adaptation in pregnancy, and the metabolic complications, thus the focal points for nutritional and therapeutic strategies that we must early implement, virtually before conception, to safeguard the health of both mother and progeny. We will summarize the current nutritional recommendations and the use of nutraceuticals in pregnancy, with a focus on the management of pregnancy complicated by obesity and hyperglycemia, assessing the most recent evidence about the effects of ante-natal nutrition on the long-term, on either maternal health or metabolic risk of the offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Parrettini
- S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonella Caroli
- S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Torlone
- S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mitochondrial dysfunction in the fetoplacental unit in gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165948. [PMID: 32866635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease of pregnancy that is associated with d-glucose intolerance and foeto-placental vascular dysfunction. GMD causes mitochondrial dysfunction in the placental endothelium and trophoblast. Additionally, GDM is associated with reduced placental oxidative phosphorylation due to diminished activity of the mitochondrial F0F1-ATP synthase (complex V). This phenomenon may result from a higher generation of reactive superoxide anion and nitric oxide. Placental mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy work in concert to maintain cell homeostasis and are vital mechanisms securing the efficient generation of ATP, whose demand is higher in pregnancy, ensuring foetal growth and development. Additional factors disturbing placental ATP synthase activity in GDM include pre-gestational maternal obesity or overweight, intracellular pH, miRNAs, fatty acid oxidation, and foetal (and 'placental') sex. GDM is also associated with maternal and foetal hyperinsulinaemia, altered circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin, and the accumulation of extracellular adenosine. Here, we reviewed the potential interplay between these molecules or metabolic conditions on the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in the foeto-placental unit in GDM pregnancies.
Collapse
|