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Nemcova M, Seidlova V, Zukal J, Dundarova H, Bednarikova S, Pikula J. Bat-derived cells use glucose as a cryoprotectant. J Therm Biol 2023; 115:103652. [PMID: 37451039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Evolution of heterothermy in environments with variable temperatures has allowed bats to survive food scarcity during seasonal climatic extremes by using torpor as a hibernation strategy. The controlled reduction of body temperature and metabolism through complex behavioural and physiological adaptations at organismal, organ, cellular and molecular levels includes the ability of tissues and cells to adapt to temperature alterations. Based on the prediction that cells of different tissues cultured in vitro would differ in their ability to withstand freezing and thawing of the medium, we determined the survival rate of bat-derived cells following exposure to -20 °C for 24 h in media with no cryoprotective agents or medium supplemented by glucose in concentration range 0-3333 mM. Cell survival rates were determined in relation to availability of glucose in the medium, organ origin, cell concentration and bat species. In general, increased glucose helped cells survive at sub-zero temperatures, though concentrations up to 80-fold higher than those found in chiropterans were needed. However, cells in glucose-free phosphate buffered saline also survived, suggesting that other mechanisms may be contributing to cell survival at low temperatures. Highest in vitro viability was observed in nervus olfactorius-derived cell cultures, with high survival rates and rapid re-growth under optimal conditions after exposure to -20 °C. Kidney cells from different bat species showed comparable overall survival rate patterns, though smaller chiropteran species appeared to utilise lower glucose levels as a cryoprotectant than larger species. Our in vitro data provide evidence that cells of heterothermic bats can survive sub-zero temperatures and that higher glucose levels in important tissues significantly improve hibernation survival at extremely low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Nemcova
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Seidlova
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Zukal
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Heliana Dundarova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd., 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sarka Bednarikova
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Pikula
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
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Salvarina I, Georgiakakis P, Kafkaletou Diez A, Perivolioti TM, Vassilaki I, Kalcounis-Rueppell M. Year-Round Bat Activity and Species Richness Near Temporary Ponds in the Mediterranean Region. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1495. [PMID: 37511871 PMCID: PMC10381810 DOI: 10.3390/life13071495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediterranean temporary ponds are recognized as conservation priority habitats that face anthropogenic threats and are important habitats for a number of aquatic and terrestrial animals and plants. Bats are a diverse group of animals that use ponds for drinking and feeding on emerging aquatic insects and terrestrial insects in the riparian zone. We investigated the importance of temporary ponds for bats in Greece by acoustically sampling bat community structures and activity at temporary ponds throughout the year. We sampled monthly, from 3 to 13 months in 2019-2020, at sites at the pond edge and approximately 150-300 m away from the edge, at four temporary ponds in northern and southern Greece. Our results confirm the importance of temporary ponds for bats as activity was recorded year-round and was high in all but the winter months. In general, the distance to the edge of the pond and the presence of water in the pond explained bat activity together with air temperature. Importantly, whether dry or not, all ponds supported bat activity, independent of their particular characteristics. This study highlights the urgent need for the conservation of temporary ponds, especially in areas with limited water availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Salvarina
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, P.O. Box 134, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Triantafyllia-Maria Perivolioti
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, P.O. Box 134, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Vassilaki
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, P.O. Box 134, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Mas M, Flaquer C, Puig-Montserrat X, Porres X, Rebelo H, López-Baucells A. Winter bat activity: The role of wetlands as food and drinking reservoirs under climate change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154403. [PMID: 35276147 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bat arousals during hibernation are related to rises in environmental temperature, body water loss and increasing body heat. Therefore, bats either hibernate in cold places or migrate to areas with mild winters to find water and insects to intake. During winter, insects are relatively abundant in wetlands with mild climates when low temperatures hamper insect activity in other places. However, the role of wetlands to sustain winter bat activity has never been fully assessed. To further understand bat behaviour during hibernation, we evaluated how the weather influenced hibernating bats, assessed the temperature threshold that increased bat arousals, and discussed how winter temperatures could affect bat activity under future climate change scenarios. The effects of weather and landscape composition on winter bat activity were assessed by acoustically sampling four different habitats (wetlands, rice paddies, urban areas and salt marshes) in the Ebro Delta (Spain). Our results show one of the highest winter bat foraging activities ever reported, with significantly higher activity in wetlands and urban areas. Most importantly, we found a substantial increase in bat activity triggered when nocturnal temperatures reached ca. 11 °C. By contrasting historical weather datasets, we show that, since the 1940s, there has been an increase by ca. 1.5 °C in winter maximum temperatures and a 180% increase in the number of nights with mean temperatures above 11 °C in the Ebro Delta. Temperature trends suggest that in 60-80 years, winter months will reach average temperatures of 11 °C (except maybe in January), which suggest a potential coming interruption or disappearance of bat hibernation in coastal Mediterranean habitats. This study highlights the significant role of wetlands in bat conservation under a climate change scenario as these humid areas represent one of the few remaining winter foraging habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mas
- BiBio (Biodiversity and Bioindicators Research Group), Natural Sciences Museum of Granollers, Av. Francesc Macia, 51, 08402 Granollers, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Carles Flaquer
- BiBio (Biodiversity and Bioindicators Research Group), Natural Sciences Museum of Granollers, Av. Francesc Macia, 51, 08402 Granollers, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Puig-Montserrat
- BiBio (Biodiversity and Bioindicators Research Group), Natural Sciences Museum of Granollers, Av. Francesc Macia, 51, 08402 Granollers, Catalonia, Spain; Galanthus Association, Celrà 17460, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Porres
- Ebro Delta Natural Park, Generalitat de Catalunya, Deltebre, 43580, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Hugo Rebelo
- CIBIO-InBIO, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; CIBIO-InBIO, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Adrià López-Baucells
- BiBio (Biodiversity and Bioindicators Research Group), Natural Sciences Museum of Granollers, Av. Francesc Macia, 51, 08402 Granollers, Catalonia, Spain
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Linking activity of common pipistrelles, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, in an urbanised area with a nearby mass swarming site. Urban Ecosyst 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-022-01222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractNatural hibernation sites used by bats in areas that lack cave features have long remained unresolved. To investigate hibernation site selection and winter activity of boreal bats, we recorded bat calls using passive acoustic monitoring at 16 sites in South-Western Finland. These sites included four rock outcrops with crevices and cave features, three glacial erratics or boulder fields, three ancient shores, three root cellars and three control sites where we did not expect bats to be overwintering. Our results revealed echolocation calls of Eptesicus nilssonii, Plecotus auritus and Myotis sp. We recorded significantly more activity near rock outcrops compared to other habitats, excluding root cellars. We also found that ambient temperature had a positive effect on bat activity and found evidence that P. auritus may be using low barometric pressure as a proxy for suitable foraging conditions during the winter. Our results suggest that rock outcrops may be more important to bats than previously acknowledged, highlighting the need to take these sites in account in planning of conservation measures. Furthermore, our findings underline the suitability of using acoustic monitoring in homing on hibernation sites that are not otherwise accessible.
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Smeraldo S, Bosso L, Salinas‐Ramos VB, Ancillotto L, Sánchez‐Cordero V, Gazaryan S, Russo D. Generalists yet different: distributional responses to climate change may vary in opportunistic bat species sharing similar ecological traits. Mamm Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Smeraldo
- Wildlife Research Unit Dipartimento di Agraria Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Via Università n. 100 80055 Portici Napoli Italy
| | - Luciano Bosso
- Wildlife Research Unit Dipartimento di Agraria Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Via Università n. 100 80055 Portici Napoli Italy
| | - Valeria B. Salinas‐Ramos
- Wildlife Research Unit Dipartimento di Agraria Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Via Università n. 100 80055 Portici Napoli Italy
| | - Leonardo Ancillotto
- Wildlife Research Unit Dipartimento di Agraria Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Via Università n. 100 80055 Portici Napoli Italy
| | - Víctor Sánchez‐Cordero
- Laboratorio de Sistemas de Información Geográfica Departamento de Zoología Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Av. Universidad 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Suren Gazaryan
- Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories RAS Armand 37A360000 Nalchik Russia
| | - Danilo Russo
- Wildlife Research Unit Dipartimento di Agraria Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Via Università n. 100 80055 Portici Napoli Italy
- School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol 24 Tyndall Avenue BristolBS8 1TQUK
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Mas M, Flaquer C, Rebelo H, López‐Baucells A. Bats and wetlands: synthesising gaps in current knowledge and future opportunities for conservation. Mamm Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mas
- Natural Sciences Museum of Granollers Granollers, Catalonia08402Spain
- CREAF Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Valles Catalonia08193Spain
| | - Carles Flaquer
- Natural Sciences Museum of Granollers Granollers, Catalonia08402Spain
| | - Hugo Rebelo
- CIBIO‐InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos Universidade do Porto Vairão Portugal
- CEABN‐InBIO Centro de Ecologia Aplicada 'Professor Baeta Neves' Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade de Lisboa Campus Agrário de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas Vairão, Lisboa4485‐661Portugal
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Arndt RJ, Lima SL. Landscape-wide flight activity by wintering bats predictably follows pulses of warmth in the Midwestern United States. J Mammal 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
During winter hibernation, bats may become active for a variety of reasons. Such winter activity occurs at or near hibernacula, but the degree to which this activity represents long-distance travel across a wider landscape largely is unstudied. We documented patterns in landscape-wide winter activity across a west-central Indiana study site, providing some new insights into winter flight activity. We deployed acoustic recording devices in areas without any known hibernacula, each night from December through March over three consecutive winters. Twilight temperatures (1 h post-sunset) ranged from −23°C to 21°C across three winters. We recorded 4,392 call files and attributed 89% to a phonic group based on characteristic frequencies. Flight activity was recorded at all stations and during all winter months. Nightly activity mainly was a function of the temperature on that night. We recorded low-phonic bats (most likely big brown bats, Eptesicus fuscus) down to −4°C, but most activity occurred when twilight temperatures were > 0°C. Mid-phonic bat activity (most likely eastern red bats, Lasiurus borealis) occurred when temperatures were > 0°C, with most activity occurring when temperatures were > 5°C. Wind speeds > 6 m/s tended to suppress activity. The duration of inactive periods during cold spells had no effect on activity during subsequent warm nights, indicating no increasing drive for activity following long periods of inactivity. Most activity occurred within a few hours of sunset, regardless of temperature. Little pre-sunset activity was recorded in low-phonic bats, but mid-phonic bats sometimes were active in the hour before sunset. Our results suggest widespread and potentially long-distance travel by bats across our study area during warm periods, but the impetus behind this activity remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Arndt
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO, USA
| | - Steven L Lima
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
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Stapelfeldt B, Schöner M, Kerth G, Van Schaik J. Slight Increase in Bat Activity after Human Hibernation Count Monitoring of a Bunker Complex in Northern Germany. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2020.22.2.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Stapelfeldt
- Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Strasse 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Schöner
- Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Strasse 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gerald Kerth
- Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Strasse 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jaap Van Schaik
- Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Loitzer Strasse 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Environmental variables do not explain the high size fluctuations in Rhinolophus euryale pre-hibernating aggregation. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Seasonal activity pattern and habitat use by the Kuhl’s pipistrelle (Pipistrellus kuhlii) in an arid environment. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-018-1193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Barros PA, Ribeiro C, CAbral JA. Winter Activity of Bats in Mediterranean Peri-Urban Deciduous Forests. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2017.19.2.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A. Barros
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Cátia Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João A. CAbral
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
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