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Ravaglioli C, De Marchi L, Giannessi J, Pretti C, Bulleri F. Seagrass meadows as ocean acidification refugia for sea urchin larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167465. [PMID: 37778543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Foundation species have been widely documented to provide suitable habitats for other species by ameliorating stressful environmental conditions. Nonetheless, their role in rescuing stress-sensitive species from adverse conditions due to climate change remains often unexplored. Here, we performed a mesocosm experiment to assess whether the seagrass, Posidonia oceanica, through its photosynthetic activity, could mitigate the negative effects of ocean acidification on larval development and growth of the calcifying sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus. Sea urchin larvae at early and late developmental stages that are generally associated to benthic habitats, were grown in aquaria with or without P. oceanica plants, under ambient or low pH conditions predicted by the end of the century under the worst climate scenario (RCP8.5). The percentage of abnormal larvae and their total body length under different experimental conditions were assessed on early- (i.e., pluteus; 72 h post-fertilization) and final-developmental stages (i.e., echinopluteus; 30 days post-fertilization), respectively. The presence of P. oceanica increased mean daily pH values of ∼0.1 and ∼0.15 units at ambient and low pH conditions, respectively, compared with tanks without plants. When grown at low pH in association with P. oceanica, plutei showed a ∼23 % reduction of malformations and echinoplutei a ∼34 % increase in total body length, respectively, compared with larvae developing in tanks without plants. Our results suggest that P. oceanica, by increasing pH and altering seawater carbonate chemistry through its metabolic activity, could buffer the negative effects of ocean acidification on calcifying organisms and could, thus, represent a tool against climate-driven loss of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ravaglioli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, CoNISMa, via Derna 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - L De Marchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università of Pisa, Via Livornese (lato monte) - 56122 San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy.
| | - J Giannessi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università of Pisa, Via Livornese (lato monte) - 56122 San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy.
| | - C Pretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università of Pisa, Via Livornese (lato monte) - 56122 San Piero a Grado, Pisa, Italy; Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology "G. Bacci" (CIBM), Viale N.Sauro 4, 57128 Livorno, Italy.
| | - F Bulleri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, CoNISMa, via Derna 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Centro interdipartimentale di Ricerca per lo Studio degli Effetti del Cambiamento Climatico (CIRSEC), Università di Pisa, Italy.
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Dang X, Lim YK, Li Y, Roberts SB, Li L, Thiyagarajan V. Epigenetic-associated phenotypic plasticity of the ocean acidification-acclimated edible oyster in the mariculture environment. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:412-427. [PMID: 36314404 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For marine invertebrates with a pelagic-benthic life cycle, larval exposure to ocean acidification (OA) can affect adult performance in response to another environmental stressor. This carry-over effect has the potential to alter phenotypic traits. However, the molecular mechanisms that mediate "OA"-triggered carry-over effects have not been explored despite such information being key to improving species fitness and management strategies for aquafarming. This study integrated the genome-wide DNA methylome and transcriptome to examine epigenetic modification-mediated carry-over OA impacts on phenotypic traits of the ecologically and commercially important oyster species Crassostrea hongkongensis under field conditions. Larvae of C. hongkongensis were exposed to control pH 8.0 and low pH 7.4 conditions, mimicking near future OA scenario in their habitat, before being outplanted as post-metamorphic juveniles at two mariculture field sites with contrasting environmental stressors for 9 months. The larval carry-over OA effect was found to have persistent impacts on the growth and survival trade-off traits on the outplanted juveniles, although the beneficial or adverse effect depended on the environmental conditions at the outplanted sites. Site-specific plasticity was demonstrated with a diverse DNA methylation-associated gene expression profile, with signal transduction and the endocrine system being the most common and highly enriched functions. Highly methylated exons prevailed in the key genes related to general metabolic and endocytic responses and these genes are evolutionarily conserved in various marine invertebrates in response to OA. These results suggest that oysters with prior larval exposure history to OA had the ability to trigger rapid local adaptive responses via epigenetic modification to cope with multiple stressors in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dang
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yong-Kian Lim
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Applied Science, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Li
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Steven B Roberts
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Li Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,The Joint Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences (JLMEES), Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Acadamy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Vengatesen Thiyagarajan
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,The Joint Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences (JLMEES), The Swire Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zhang W, Wang Y, Hu X, Zhou Z, Zhu Y, Liang X, Yang JL. AMPK Promotes Larval Metamorphosis of Mytilus coruscus. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122384. [PMID: 36553651 PMCID: PMC9777882 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metamorphosis is a critical process in the transition from planktonic life to benthic life for marine invertebrates, which is accompanied by a large amount of energy consumption. Previous studies have proved that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as a vital energy regulator, plays a prominent role in mediating the growth and development of terrestrial animals. However, its function in the growth and development of marine invertebrates, especially in metamorphosis, remains elusive. This study explored the function of AMPK in the larval metamorphosis of Mytilus coruscus. The full-length cDNA of AMPK genes in M. coruscus was cloned and characterized, which is composed of three subunits, McAMPKα, McAMPKβ, and McAMPKγ. Pharmacological tests demonstrated that through the application of an AMPK activator, AMP substantially enhanced the larval metamorphosis rate (p < 0.05). By contrast, the larval metamorphosis rate decreased significantly after being treated with the AMPK inhibitor Compound C (p < 0.05). McAMPK gene knock-down resulted in a reduction in McAMPK gene expression (p < 0.05), and the larval metamorphosis of M. coruscus was significantly restrained (p < 0.05). These results indicated that AMPK signaling is vital in the larval metamorphosis of M. coruscus, which advances further understanding in exploring the molecular mechanisms in the metamorphosis of marine invertebrate larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-Culture of Aquaculture animals, Shanghai 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuyi Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-Culture of Aquaculture animals, Shanghai 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaomeng Hu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-Culture of Aquaculture animals, Shanghai 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhongsheng Zhou
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-Culture of Aquaculture animals, Shanghai 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Youting Zhu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-Culture of Aquaculture animals, Shanghai 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-Culture of Aquaculture animals, Shanghai 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jin-Long Yang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-Culture of Aquaculture animals, Shanghai 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence:
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Direct and latent effects of ocean acidification on the transition of a sea urchin from planktonic larva to benthic juvenile. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5557. [PMID: 35365731 PMCID: PMC8976010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ongoing ocean acidification is expected to affect marine organisms and ecosystems. While sea urchins can tolerate a wide range of pH, this comes at a high energetic cost, and early life stages are particularly vulnerable. Information on how ocean acidification affects transitions between life-history stages is scarce. We evaluated the direct and indirect effects of pH (pHT 8.0, 7.6 and 7.2) on the development and transition between life-history stages of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotusdroebachiensis, from fertilization to early juvenile. Continuous exposure to low pH negatively affected larval mortality and growth. At pH 7.2, formation of the rudiment (the primordial juvenile) was delayed by two days. Larvae raised at pH 8.0 and transferred to 7.2 after competency had mortality rates five to six times lower than those kept at 8.0, indicating that pH also has a direct effect on older, competent larvae. Latent effects were visible on the larvae raised at pH 7.6: they were more successful in settling (45% at day 40 post-fertilization) and metamorphosing (30%) than larvae raised at 8.0 (17 and 1% respectively). These direct and indirect effects of ocean acidification on settlement and metamorphosis have important implications for population survival.
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