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Li Z, Liu L, Sun C, Shan X, Zhao H. Spatio-temporal variation and drivers of blue carbon sequestration in Hainan Island, China. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 197:106476. [PMID: 38609789 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Blue carbon ecosystems, such as mangrove, seagrass bed and salt marsh, have attracted increasing attention due to their remarkable capacity for efficient carbon sequestration. However, the current threat posed by human activities to these ecosystems necessitates the characterization of their changes and identification of the primary driving factors in order to facilitate the gradual restoration of blue carbon ecosystems. In this study, we present an analysis of the spatio-temporal characteristics and primary influencing factors governing carbon sequestration in mangrove and seagrass beds located in Hainan Island. The findings revealed a 40% decline in carbon sequestration by mangroves from 1976 to 2017, while seagrass beds exhibited a 13% decrease in carbon sequestering between 2009 and 2016. The decline in carbon sequestration was primarily concentrated in Wenchang city, with aquaculture and population growth identified as the primary driving factors. Despite the implementation of measures aimed at reducing aquaculture in Hainan Island to promote blue carbon sequestration over the past two decades, the resulting recovery remains insufficient in achieving macro-level goals for carbon sequestration. This study emphasizes the necessity of safeguarding blue carbon ecosystems in Hainan Island by effectively mitigating anthropogenic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Chuhan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xiaoyang Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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Fricke A, Bast F, Moreira-Saporiti A, Martins Bussanello G, Msuya FE, Teichberg M. Tropical bloom-forming mesoalgae Cladophoropsis sp. and Laurencia sp.-responses to ammonium enrichment and a simulated heatwave. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2024; 60:554-573. [PMID: 38402562 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Algal blooms are increasing worldwide, driven by elevated nutrient inputs. However, it is still unknown how tropical benthic algae will respond to heatwaves, which are expected to be more frequent under global warming. In the present study, a multifactorial experiment was carried out to investigate the potential synergistic effects of increased ammonium inputs (25 μM, control at 2.5 μM) and a heatwave (31°C, control at 25°C) on the growth and physiology (e.g., ammonium uptake, nutrient assimilation, photosynthetic performance, and pigment concentrations) of two bloom-forming algal species, Cladophoropsis sp. and Laurencia sp. Both algae positively responded to elevated ammonium concentrations with higher growth and chlorophyll a and lutein concentrations. Increased temperature was generally a less important driver, interacting with elevated ammonium by decreasing the algaes' %N content and N:P ratios. Interestingly, this stress response was not captured by the photosynthetic yield (Fv/Fm) nor by the carbon assimilation (%C), which increased for both algae at higher temperatures. The negative effects of higher temperature were, however, buffered by nutrient inputs, showing an antagonistic response in the combined treatment for the concentration of VAZ (violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, zeaxanthin) and thalli growth. Ammonium uptake was initially higher for Cladophoropsis sp. and increased for Laurencia sp. over experimental time, showing an acclimation capacity even in a short time interval. This experiment shows that both algae benefited from increased ammonium pulses and were able to overcome the otherwise detrimental stress of increasingly emerging temperature anomalies, which provide them a strong competitive advantage and might support their further expansions in tropical marine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fricke
- WG Algae and Seagrass Ecology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
- Department Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Felix Bast
- WG Algae and Seagrass Ecology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
- Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda VPO, Punjab, India
| | - Agustín Moreira-Saporiti
- WG Algae and Seagrass Ecology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
- Marine Biological Laboratory, The Ecosystems Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giovanni Martins Bussanello
- Florianópolis (UFSC), R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Flower E Msuya
- Zanzibar Seaweed Cluster Initiative (ZaSCI), Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Mirta Teichberg
- WG Algae and Seagrass Ecology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
- Marine Biological Laboratory, The Ecosystems Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
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Imron MF, Hestianingsi WOA, Putranto TWC, Citrasari N, Abdullah SRS, Hasan HA, Kurniawan SB. Effect of the number of Cyperus rotundus and medium height on the performance of batch-constructed wetland in treating aquaculture effluent. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141595. [PMID: 38438021 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Increasing aquaculture cultivation produces large quantities of wastewater. If not handled properly, it can have negative impacts on the environment. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are one of the phytoremediation methods that can be applied to treat aquaculture effluent. This research was aimed at determining the performance of Cyperus rotundus in removing COD, BOD, TSS, turbidity, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate from the batch CW system. Treatment was carried out for 30 days with variations in the number of plants (10, 15, and 20) and variations in media height (10, 12, and 14 cm). The result showed that aquaculture effluent contains high levels of organic compounds and nutrients, and C. rotundus can grow and thrive in 100% of aquaculture effluent. Besides that, the use of C. rotundus in CWs with the effect of numbers of plants and media height showed performance of COD, BOD, TSS, turbidity, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate with 70, 79, 90, 96, 64, 82, 92, and 48% of removal efficacy, respectively. There was no negative impact observed on C. rotundus growth after exposure to aquaculture effluent, as indicated by the increase in wet weight, dry weight, and growth rate when compared to the control. Thus, adding aquaculture effluent to CWs planted with C. rotundus supports the growth and development of plants while also performing phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fauzul Imron
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia; Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, CN Delft 2628, Netherlands.
| | - Wa Ode Ayu Hestianingsi
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Trisnadi Widyaleksono Catur Putranto
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Nita Citrasari
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hassimi Abu Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Setyo Budi Kurniawan
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, Novohradská 237, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic.
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Andrade MF, Creed JC, de Albergaria-Barbosa ACR, Patire VF, Hatje V, Cruz ICS. Assessing the influence of sewage outfalls on seagrass meadows using nitrogen isotopes. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115578. [PMID: 37793273 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Untreated sewage discharged increases the nutrient loads and changes ecosystem functions. It increases the values of the nitrogen isotopic signature (δ15N) of primary producers such as seagrasses. Itaparica Island (Bahia, Brazil) has undergone extensive urbanization over 50 years. Most of the island has no sewage treatment, and a bridge's construction could increase its population ten times. We evaluated the effects of sewage inputs on the δ15N of seagrass (Halodule wrightii) across Itaparica Island in 14 areas of the island with different degrees of urbanization. Average values of δ15N ranged from -3.95 ‰ (±1.04 SD) to 2.73 ‰ (±1.61). The highest human occupation site also has the highest mean value of δ15N, and seagrass shoot density. The significant correlation (p < 0.05) between δ15N values and shoot density may indicate a possible anthropogenic pressure impacting meadow abundance. Despite a positive correlation, increased anthropogenic nutrient supply can support algae growth and harm seagrass ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus F Andrade
- Laboratório de Oceanografia Biológica, Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociência, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Sala 403D.6, Salvador, Bahia CEP: 40170-115, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia: Teoria, Aplicação e Valores, Endereço: Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Campus de Ondina Salvador, Bahia CEP: 40170-115, Brazil.
| | - Joel C Creed
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, PHLC sala 220, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP: 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecília R de Albergaria-Barbosa
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Marinha, Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociência, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Salvador, Bahia CEP: 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Vinicius F Patire
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente, CIENAM, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Salvador, Bahia CEP: 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Hatje
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente, CIENAM, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Salvador, Bahia CEP: 40170-115, Brazil; Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Salvador, Bahia CEP: 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Igor C S Cruz
- Laboratório de Oceanografia Biológica, Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociência, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Sala 403D.6, Salvador, Bahia CEP: 40170-115, Brazil
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Rahayu YP, Kusumaningtyas MA, Daulat A, Rustam A, Suryono DD, Salim HL, Ati RNA, Sudirman N, Kepel TL, Hutahaean AA, Adi NS. Sedimentary seagrass carbon stock and sources of organic carbon across contrasting seagrass meadows in Indonesia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:97754-97764. [PMID: 37597152 PMCID: PMC10495492 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass meadows are an important component of coastal ecosystems globally, and they capture and store organic carbon in living biomass and sediments. Geographical estimates of blue carbon in seagrass habitats are regionally biased, with limited information from the Indo-Pacific region, including Indonesia. Seagrass extent in Indonesia is declining rapidly, and it has been suggested that marine protected areas (MPAs) are an important instrument to support protection of seagrass ecosystems and their services. Thus, this study is aimed at quantifying and comparing sedimentary carbon stocks and sources of organic carbon from seagrass meadows located in undisturbed areas outside MPA, disturbed areas outside MPA, and within MPA in three small islands in Indonesia. The sediment carbon stocks from this study ranged from 19.81 to 117.49 Mg C ha-1, with the highest stock measured inside MPA (77.15 ± 1.38 Mg C ha-1), followed by undisturbed outside MPA (36.08 Mg C ha-1), and the lowest stock at disturbed outside MPA (21.86 ± 0.31 Mg C ha-1). The predominant source of organic carbon in disturbed meadows was from coastal POM (particulate organic matter, ~ 36%), while in MPA and undisturbed sites, the main source was from seagrass, with ~ 38% and ~ 60% contributions, respectively. The results of this study add more data and information on seagrass blue carbon potential from three different islands with different degrees of disturbance in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusmiana P Rahayu
- School of Biological Sciences and Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
- Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency, The Republic of Indonesia, Soekarno Science and Technology Area, Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia.
| | - Mariska A Kusumaningtyas
- Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency, The Republic of Indonesia, Soekarno Science and Technology Area, Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - August Daulat
- Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency, The Republic of Indonesia, Soekarno Science and Technology Area, Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Agustin Rustam
- Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency, The Republic of Indonesia, Soekarno Science and Technology Area, Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Devi D Suryono
- Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency, The Republic of Indonesia, Soekarno Science and Technology Area, Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Hadiwijaya L Salim
- Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency, The Republic of Indonesia, Soekarno Science and Technology Area, Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Restu N A Ati
- Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency, The Republic of Indonesia, Soekarno Science and Technology Area, Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Nasir Sudirman
- Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency, The Republic of Indonesia, Soekarno Science and Technology Area, Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Terry L Kepel
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, The Republic of Indonesia, Ancol Science Area, Jl. Pasir Putih I, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
| | - Andreas A Hutahaean
- Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs and Investment Republic of Indonesia, Jl. M.H. Thamrin No. 8, Central Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia
| | - Novi S Adi
- Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, The Republic of Indonesia, Gedung Mina Bahari III, Lt.11, Jl. Medan Merdeka Timur No. 16, Central Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia
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Cheng Z, Hong G, Li Q, Liu S, Wang S, Ma Y. Seasonal dynamics of coastal pollution migration in open waters with intensive marine ranching. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 190:106101. [PMID: 37499276 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Mariculture activities have been recognized as one of the major sources of contamination for marine pollutants, such as the excessive discharging of nitrogen and phosphate. The fully understanding of the pollutants emission and transportation is crucial for coastal environment management. However, the influence of such highly dynamic coastal process on the pollutant migration remain unclear, such as the effects of coastal seasonal hydrodynamics on the dissolved pollutant transportation, especially under intensive marine ranching activities in open waters. This study investigated the seasonal transport mechanisms of pollutants released from three typical mariculture methods (floating raft, cage and bottom pond) in the Wangjia Island (WJ), Yellow Sea, China. We have conducted three field surveys to monitor the coastal dynamics and measure the distribution of dissolved pollutants in the ranching area. Results from these field surveys show that the WJ and adjacent area experienced significant degradation in terms of water quality with the development of regional marine ranching. The average of calculated index for eutrophication Ei increases from 0.12 in the non-farming area to 0.78 in the farming area. In order to delineate the impacts area of pollutant transport associated with these highly dynamics of water exchange, a Eulerian passive tracer-tracking module is applied to simulate the pollutant transport processes based on a field scale three-dimensional Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM). Then after, the impacts of barotropic and baroclinic coastal dynamics on the migration of dissolved pollutants were evaluated. The transport of pollutants was greatly influenced by the different farming modes. The travel distance of pollutants released from the bottom pond farming mode was limited, whereas pollutants from the surface-farming methods were transported over a longer distance. In this study, there are three folders of finding: 1) The migration direction varies with seasons, with a landward direction in winter and an offshore direction in summer; 2) In winter, strong wind (wind speed over 10 m/s) is the dominant factor for water exchange, which is conducive to the dispersion of pollutants in the study area. However, in summer, the thermal stratification controls pollutant migration; 3) The results of breakthrough time illustrate that the pollutants travelled slower during summer, especially for pollutants discharged from the bottom pond farming method. In summary, this study demonstrates that even in open waters with stronger water exchange capacity, the pollutants from intensive marine ranching can still increase the risk of eutrophication. The finding of this study has important implications for the management and regulation of offshore aquaculture activities, particularly for mitigating pollutants from marine ranching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Cheng
- Green Shipping and Carbon Neutrality Laboratory, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Guoqiang Hong
- Green Shipping and Carbon Neutrality Laboratory, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qingbo Li
- Green Shipping and Carbon Neutrality Laboratory, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Shangheng Liu
- Green Shipping and Carbon Neutrality Laboratory, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Green Shipping and Carbon Neutrality Laboratory, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ye Ma
- Green Shipping and Carbon Neutrality Laboratory, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
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Oliveira AS, Alves M, Leitão F, Tacão M, Henriques I, Castro PML, Amorim CL. Bioremediation of coastal aquaculture effluents spiked with florfenicol using microalgae-based granular sludge - a promising solution for recirculating aquaculture systems. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 233:119733. [PMID: 36801579 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is a crucial industry in the agri-food sector, but it is linked to serious environmental problems. There is a need for efficient treatment systems that allow water recirculation to mitigate pollution and water scarcity. This work aimed to evaluate the self-granulation process of a microalgae-based consortium and its capacity to bioremediate coastal aquaculture streams that sporadically contain the antibiotic florfenicol (FF). A photo-sequencing batch reactor was inoculated with an autochthonous phototrophic microbial consortium and was fed with wastewater mimicking coastal aquaculture streams. A rapid granulation process occurred within ca. 21 days, accompanied by a substantially increase of extracellular polymeric substances in the biomass. The developed microalgae-based granules exhibited high and stable organic carbon removal (83-100%). Sporadically wastewater contained FF which was partially removed (ca. 5.5-11.4%) from the effluent. In periods of FF load, the ammonium removal slightly decreased (from 100 to ca. 70%), recovering 2 days after FF feeding ceased. A high-chemical quality effluent was obtained, complying with ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate concentrations for water recirculation within a coastal aquaculture farm, even during FF feeding periods. Members belonging to the Chloroidium genus were predominant in the reactor inoculum (ca. 99%) but were replaced from day-22 onwards by an unidentified microalga from the phylum Chlorophyta (>61%). A bacterial community proliferated in the granules after reactor inoculation, whose composition varied in response to feeding conditions. Bacteria from the Muricauda and Filomicrobium genera, Rhizobiaceae, Balneolaceae, and Parvularculaceae families, thrived upon FF feeding. This study demonstrates the robustness of microalgae-based granular systems for aquaculture effluent bioremediation, even during periods of FF loading, highlighting their potential as a feasible and compact solution in recirculation aquaculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Oliveira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto 4169-005, Portugal
| | - Marta Alves
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto 4169-005, Portugal
| | - Frederico Leitão
- CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal
| | - Marta Tacão
- CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Henriques
- Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal
| | - Paula M L Castro
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto 4169-005, Portugal
| | - Catarina L Amorim
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto 4169-005, Portugal.
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8
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Miyamoto H, Kawachi N, Kurotani A, Moriya S, Suda W, Suzuki K, Matsuura M, Tsuji N, Nakaguma T, Ishii C, Tsuboi A, Shindo C, Kato T, Udagawa M, Satoh T, Wada S, Masuya H, Miyamoto H, Ohno H, Kikuchi J. Computational estimation of sediment symbiotic bacterial structures of seagrasses overgrowing downstream of onshore aquaculture. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115130. [PMID: 36563976 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Coastal seagrass meadows are essential in blue carbon and aquatic ecosystem services. However, this ecosystem has suffered severe eutrophication and destruction due to the expansion of aquaculture. Therefore, methods for the flourishing of seagrass are still being explored. Here, data from 49 public coastal surveys on the distribution of seagrass and seaweed around the onshore aquaculture facilities are revalidated, and an exceptional area where the seagrass Zostera marina thrives was found near the shore downstream of the onshore aquaculture facility. To evaluate the characteristics of the sediment for growing seagrass, physicochemical properties and bacterial ecological evaluations of the sediment were conducted. Evaluation of chemical properties in seagrass sediments confirmed a significant increase in total carbon and a decrease in zinc content. Association analysis and linear discriminant analysis refined bacterial candidates specified in seagrass overgrown- and nonovergrown-sediment. Energy landscape analysis indicated that the symbiotic bacterial groups of seagrass sediment were strongly affected by the distance close to the seagrass-growing aquaculture facility despite their bacterial population appearing to fluctuate seasonally. The bacterial population there showed an apparent decrease in the pathogen candidates belonging to the order Flavobacteriales. Moreover, structure equation modeling and a linear non-Gaussian acyclic model based on the machine learning data estimated an optimal sediment symbiotic bacterial group candidate for seagrass growth as follows: the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families as gut-inhabitant bacteria, Rhodobacteraceae as photosynthetic bacteria, and Desulfobulbaceae as cable bacteria modulating oxygen or nitrate reduction and oxidation of sulfide. These observations confer a novel perspective on the sediment symbiotic bacterial structures critical for blue carbon and low-pathogenic marine ecosystems in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokuni Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University: Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8501, Japan; RIKEN Center for Integrated Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Japan Eco-science (Nikkan Kagaku) Co. Ltd.: Chiba, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan; Sermas Co., Ltd.: Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-0033, Japan.
| | | | - Atsushi Kurotani
- Research Center for Agricultural Information Technology, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Moriya
- RIKEN, Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Wataru Suda
- RIKEN Center for Integrated Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kenta Suzuki
- RIKEN, BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Makiko Matsuura
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University: Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8501, Japan; Sermas Co., Ltd.: Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-0033, Japan
| | - Naoko Tsuji
- Sermas Co., Ltd.: Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-0033, Japan
| | - Teruno Nakaguma
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University: Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8501, Japan; Japan Eco-science (Nikkan Kagaku) Co. Ltd.: Chiba, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan; Sermas Co., Ltd.: Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-0033, Japan
| | - Chitose Ishii
- RIKEN Center for Integrated Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Sermas Co., Ltd.: Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-0033, Japan
| | - Arisa Tsuboi
- Japan Eco-science (Nikkan Kagaku) Co. Ltd.: Chiba, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Chie Shindo
- Research Center for Agricultural Information Technology, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kato
- RIKEN Center for Integrated Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Motoaki Udagawa
- Keiyo Gas Energy Solution Co. Ltd.: Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Satoh
- Division of Hematology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0329, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- RIKEN, Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masuya
- RIKEN, BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Hisashi Miyamoto
- Sermas Co., Ltd.: Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-0033, Japan; Miroku Co.Ltd.: Kitsuki, Oita, 873-0021, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- RIKEN Center for Integrated Medical Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
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9
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Satya ADM, Cheah WY, Yazdi SK, Cheng YS, Khoo KS, Vo DVN, Bui XD, Vithanage M, Show PL. Progress on microalgae cultivation in wastewater for bioremediation and circular bioeconomy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 218:114948. [PMID: 36455634 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Water usage increased alongside its competitiveness due to its finite amount. Yet, many industries still rely on this finite resource thus recalling the need to recirculate their water for production. Circular bioeconomy is presently the new approach emphasizing on the 'end-of-life' concept with reusing, recycling, and recovering materials. Microalgae are the ideal source contributing to circular bioeconomy as it exhibits fast growth and adaptability supported by biological rigidity which in turn consumes nutrients, making it an ideal and capable bioremediating agent, therefore allowing water re-use as well as its biomass potential in biorefineries. Nevertheless, there are challenges that still need to be addressed with consideration of recent advances in cultivating microalgae in wastewater. This review aimed to investigate the potential of microalgae biomass cultivated in wastewater. More importantly, how it'll play a role in the circular bioeconomy. This includes an in-depth look at the production of goods coming from wastes tattered by emerging pollutants. These emerging pollutants include microplastics, antibiotics, ever-increasingly sewage water, and heavy metals which have not been comprehensively compared and explored. Therefore, this review is aiming to bring new insights to researchers and industrial stakeholders with interest in green alternatives to eventually contribute towards environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azalea Dyah Maysarah Satya
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Wai Yan Cheah
- Centre of Research in Development, Social and Environment (SEEDS), Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Sara Kazemi Yazdi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Yu-Shen Cheng
- College of Future, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road Section 3, Douliou, 64002, Yunlin, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road Section 3, Douliou, 64002, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam
| | - Xuan Dong Bui
- The University of Danang, University of Science and Technology, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang st., 550 000, Danang, Viet Nam
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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10
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Jiménez-Casero J, Belando MD, Bernardeau-Esteller J, Marín-Guirao L, García-Muñoz R, Sánchez-Lizaso JL, Ruiz JM. A Critical Gap in Seagrass Protection: Impact of Anthropogenic Off-Shore Nutrient Discharges on Deep Posidonia oceanica Meadows. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:457. [PMID: 36771541 PMCID: PMC9921266 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the Mediterranean, anthropogenic pressures (specifically those involving nutrient loads) have been progressively moved to deeper off-shore areas to meet current policies dealing with the protection of marine biodiversity (e.g., European Directives). However, conservation efforts devoted to protecting Posidonia oceanica and other vulnerable marine habitats against anthropogenic pressures have dedicated very little attention to the deepest areas of these habitats. We studied the remote influence of off-shore nutrient discharge on the physiology and structure of deep P. oceanica meadows located nearest to an urban sewage outfall (WW; 1 km) and an aquaculture facility (FF; 2.5 km). Light reduction and elevated external nutrient availability (as indicated by high δ15N, total N and P content and N uptake rates of seagrass tissues) were consistent with physiological responses to light and nutrient stress. This was particularly evident in the sites located up to 2.5 km from the WW source, where carbon budget imbalances and structural alterations were more evident. These results provide evidence that anthropogenic nutrient inputs can surpass critical thresholds for the species, even in off-shore waters at distances within the km scale. Therefore, the critical distances between this priority habitat and nutrient discharge points have been underestimated and should be corrected to achieve a good conservation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Jiménez-Casero
- Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
- Seagrass Ecology Group (GEAM), IEO, CSIC, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Belando
- Seagrass Ecology Group (GEAM), IEO, CSIC, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain
| | - Jaime Bernardeau-Esteller
- Seagrass Ecology Group (GEAM), IEO, CSIC, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain
| | - Lazaro Marín-Guirao
- Seagrass Ecology Group (GEAM), IEO, CSIC, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain
| | - Rocio García-Muñoz
- Seagrass Ecology Group (GEAM), IEO, CSIC, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain
| | - José Luis Sánchez-Lizaso
- Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz
- Seagrass Ecology Group (GEAM), IEO, CSIC, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain
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11
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Li T, Hong X, Liu S, Wu X, Fu S, Liang Y, Li J, Li R, Zhang C, Song X, Zhao H, Wang D, Zhao F, Ruan Y, Ju X. Cropland degradation and nutrient overload on Hainan Island: A review and synthesis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120100. [PMID: 36075333 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As the only "tropical base of agricultural production" in China, Hainan lsland is vigorously developing high-value agriculture and is becoming the province with the highest proportion of cash crops. However, this intensive farming with large nutrient inputs has caused cropland degradation, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) overloads and water pollution, which have been reversed to initiate the construction of free trade ports. Here, we systematically review the status, driving factors, and environmental impacts of cropland degradation and nutrient overload with quantified evaluations and compared with other global tropics. Over the last 30 years, the soil pH in Hainan decreased by 0.3 units, and the soil organic carbon (SOC) decreased by 20%. This soil degradation has consequently aggravated nutrient losses, caused low use efficiency, and has required farmers add additional large nutrient to maintain harvests. P overuse is more serious than N overuse in Hainan due to the misuse of high P content compound fertilizers. The current N and P usage densities were 4% and 66% higher than the national average per crop season, i.e., 301 kg N ha-1 and 98 kg P ha-1, respectively, and the application rates were even higher for vegetables, i.e., 43% and 115% higher than the national average for vegetables. Consequently, water quality degradation occurred. The nutrient contents of several estuaries have exceeded the Class III standards. Potential improvement strategies are proposed: (i) Organic materials must be recycled to curb the declines in SOC and pH, and more benefits would be obtained by together use of biochar. (ii) Nutrient quotas must be implemented to balance nutrient budgets and reduce excessive surpluses and losses. (iii) The service functions of ecological protection zones for water and soil conservation must be strengthened. These strategies also apply to other global tropics that face similar challenges of soil and ecological degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xiuyang Hong
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shuoran Liu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Wu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shan Fu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ye Liang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ran Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Xiaotong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of A&F Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Dengfeng Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Fengliang Zhao
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Yunze Ruan
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xiaotang Ju
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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12
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Brewton RA, Kreiger LB, Tyre KN, Baladi D, Wilking LE, Herren LW, Lapointe BE. Septic system-groundwater-surface water couplings in waterfront communities contribute to harmful algal blooms in Southwest Florida. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155319. [PMID: 35452738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As human population growth has expanded in Southwest Florida, water quality has become degraded with an increased occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Red tide (Karenia brevis) originating offshore, intensifies in nearshore waters along Florida's Gulf Coast, and blue-green algae (Microcystis spp.) originating in Lake Okeechobee is discharged into the Caloosahatchee River. These HABs could be enhanced by anthropogenic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from adjacent watersheds. North Fort Myers is a heavily developed, low-lying city on the Caloosahatchee River Estuary serviced by septic systems with documented nutrient and bacterial pollution. To identify sources of pollution within North Fort Myers and determine connections with downstream HABs, this multiyear (2017-2020) study examined septic system- groundwater- surface water couplings through the analysis of water table depth, nutrients (N, P), fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), molecular markers (HF183, GFD, Gull2), chemical tracers (sucralose, pharmaceuticals, herbicides, pesticides), stable isotopes of groundwater (δ15N-NH4, δ15N-NO3) and particulate organic matter (POM; δ15N, δ13C), and POM elemental composition (C:N:P). POM samples were also collected during K. brevis and Microcystis spp. HAB events. Most (>80%) water table depth measurements were too shallow to support septic system functioning (<1.07 m). High concentrations of NH4+ and NOx, up to 1094 μM and 482 μM respectively, were found in groundwater and surface water. δ15N values of groundwater (+4.7‰) were similar to septic effluent (+4.9‰), POM (+4.7‰), and downstream HABs (+4.8 to 6.9‰), indicating a human waste N source. In surface water, FIB were elevated and HF183 was detected, while in groundwater and surface water sucralose, carbamazepine, primidone, and acetaminophen were detected. These data suggest that groundwater and surface water in North Fort Myers are coupled and contaminated by septic system effluent, which is negatively affecting water quality and contributing to the maintenance and intensification of downstream HABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Brewton
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA.
| | - Lisa B Kreiger
- Lee County Division of Natural Resources, 1500 Monroe St, Fort Myers, FL 33901, USA
| | - Kevin N Tyre
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA
| | - Diana Baladi
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA
| | - Lynn E Wilking
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA
| | - Laura W Herren
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA
| | - Brian E Lapointe
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US 1, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA
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13
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Jiang Z, Li L, Fang Y, Lin J, Liu S, Wu Y, Huang X. Eutrophication reduced the release of dissolved organic carbon from tropical seagrass roots through exudation and decomposition. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 179:105703. [PMID: 35853314 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass bed ecosystem is one of the most effective carbon capture and storage systems on earth. Seagrass roots are the key link of carbon flow between leaf-root-sediment, and the release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from seagrass roots through exudation and decomposition are vital sources to the sediment organic carbon (SOC) in the seagrass beds. Unfortunately, human-induced eutrophication may change the release process of DOC from seagrass roots, thereby affecting the sediment carbon storage capacity. However, little is known about the effect of nutrient enrichment on the release of DOC from seagrass roots, hindering the development of seagrass underground ecology. Therefore, we selected Thalassia hemprichii, the tropical dominant seagrass species, as the research object, and made a comparison of the release of DOC from roots through exudation and decomposition under different nitrate treatments. We found that under control, 10 μmol L-1, 20 μmol L-1 and 40 μmol L-1 nitrate treatments, soluble sugar of T. hemprichii roots were 71.37 ± 3.43 mg g-1, 67.03 ± 5.33 mg g-1, 49.14 ± 3.48 mg g-1, and 18.51 ± 2.09 mg g-1, respectively, while the corresponding root DOC exudation rates were 7.00 ± 0.97 mg g DW root-1 h-1, 5.11 ± 0.42 mg g DW root-1 h-1, 4.08 ± 0.23 mg g DW root-1 h-1, and 3.78 ± 0.74 mg g DW root-1 h-1, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between root soluble sugar and DOC exudation rate. DOC concentration of sediment porewater and SOC content also decreased under nitrate enrichment (though not significantly), which were both significantly positively correlated with the rate of root exuded DOC. Meanwhile, nitrate enrichment also reduced the release rate of DOC from seagrass roots during initial decomposition, and the release flux of DOC from decomposition. Therefore, nutrient enrichment could decrease nonstructural carbohydrates of seagrass roots, reducing the rate of root exuded DOC, thereby lowered SOC, as well as the DOC release from seagrass root decomposition. In order to increase the release of DOC from seagrass roots and improve the carbon sequestration capacity of seagrass beds, effective measures should be taken to control the coastal nutrients input into seagrass beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Sanya, 572100, China; Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Sanya, 572000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
| | - Linglan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jizhen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Songlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, PR China; Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Sanya, 572100, China; Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Sanya, 572000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
| | - Yunchao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, PR China; Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Sanya, 572100, China; Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Sanya, 572000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Sanya, 572100, China; Sanya Institute of Oceanology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Sanya, 572000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China.
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14
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Jiao Y, Zhao H, Li Z, Tang X, Li Y, Chen S, Zhu Z, Wang T, Strokal M, Kroeze C. Nitrogen budgets for freshwater aquaculture and mariculture in a large tropical island - A case study for Hainan Island 1998-2018. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 177:105642. [PMID: 35567873 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient in aquaculture. It is also an important factor in coastal and river eutrophication. We present an island-scale model to study the nitrogen flows in different aquaculture systems in Hainan Island during 1998-2018. The result indicated that nitrogen losses associated with pond sludge, wastewater discharge and gaseous emission increased by a factor of 1.4, 4.6 and 3.2, respectively. Sludge and wastewater account for 84% of the total losses to the environment. During the past 20 years, aquacultural yields and the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) improved considerably in Hainan Island. Nevertheless, nitrogen losses to the environment increased significantly as well, with negative effects for local ecosystems. In the future, sustainable aquacultural practices are needed to improve NUE and to reduce nitrogen losses to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of A&F Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, College of Environment and Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of A&F Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, College of Environment and Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, Wageningen, 6708, PB, the Netherlands.
| | - Zichen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of A&F Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, College of Environment and Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xianming Tang
- Hainan Academy of Marine and Fishery Sciences, Haikou, 571126, China
| | - Yuanchao Li
- Hainan Academy of Marine and Fishery Sciences, Haikou, 571126, China
| | - Shiquan Chen
- Hainan Academy of Marine and Fishery Sciences, Haikou, 571126, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Maryna Strokal
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, Wageningen, 6708, PB, the Netherlands
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, Wageningen, 6708, PB, the Netherlands
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15
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Blanco-Murillo F, Fernández-Torquemada Y, Garrote-Moreno A, Sáez CA, Sánchez-Lizaso JL. Posidonia oceanica L. (Delile) meadows regression: Long-term affection may be induced by multiple impacts. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 174:105557. [PMID: 35042063 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coastal development has an undeniable impact on marine ecosystems resulting in the detriment of the more sensible communities. Posidonia oceanica meadows are climax communities which offer a wide variety of ecosystem services both ecological and socio-economic. Human-derived impact on these habitats has been widely assessed although conclusions may vary depending on the area. P. oceanica meadow regression next to the city of Alicante (SE Spain) was analyzed on the long term (1984-2014) using bionomic cartographies and side-scan sonar images and, during the last two decades (2003-2021), using cover percentage and shoot density descriptors in the remaining meadow. Results showed a 25% colonized area reduction since 1984, this process being more rapid during the 1984-1994 period and decreasing with time. Cover and density have suffered a significant decrease in the last 20 years, mainly in the upper limit of the meadow. Dead matte cover was also assessed and have shown a significant increase in the same period following an inverse trend with the other metrics. There are several coastal impacts which have co-occurred in the area in the last few decades (port enlargement, brine and sewage discharges, industrial activity) thus resulting in the regression of the meadow. The existing negative trend of the measured descriptors indicate the necessity of implementing management actions which focus on the present sources of impact and actively reduce their effect on P. oceanica beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Blanco-Murillo
- Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, POB, 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain; Doctorado Interdisciplinario en Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, 2340000, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | | | - Aurora Garrote-Moreno
- Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, POB, 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Claudio A Sáez
- Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, POB, 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain; HUB AMBIENTAL UPLA, Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Playa Ancha, 2340000, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jose Luis Sánchez-Lizaso
- Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, University of Alicante, POB, 99, E-03080, Alicante, Spain
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16
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Jones AR, Alleway HK, McAfee D, Reis-Santos P, Theuerkauf SJ, Jones RC. Climate-Friendly Seafood: The Potential for Emissions Reduction and Carbon Capture in Marine Aquaculture. Bioscience 2022; 72:123-143. [PMID: 35145350 PMCID: PMC8824708 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is a critical food source for the world's growing population, producing 52% of the aquatic animal products consumed. Marine aquaculture (mariculture) generates 37.5% of this production and 97% of the world's seaweed harvest. Mariculture products may offer a climate-friendly, high-protein food source, because they often have lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emission footprints than do the equivalent products farmed on land. However, sustainable intensification of low-emissions mariculture is key to maintaining a low GHG footprint as production scales up to meet future demand. We examine the major GHG sources and carbon sinks associated with fed finfish, macroalgae and bivalve mariculture, and the factors influencing variability across sectors. We highlight knowledge gaps and provide recommendations for GHG emissions reductions and carbon storage, including accounting for interactions between mariculture operations and surrounding marine ecosystems. By linking the provision of maricultured products to GHG abatement opportunities, we can advance climate-friendly practices that generate sustainable environmental, social, and economic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice R Jones
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Heidi K Alleway
- Nature Conservancy's Aquaculture Program, Arlington, Virginia, United States
| | - Dominic McAfee
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Seth J Theuerkauf
- NOAA National Marine Fisheries Office of Aquaculture, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
| | - Robert C Jones
- Nature Conservancy's Aquaculture Program, Arlington, Virginia, United States
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17
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Reyes AGB, Vergara MCS, Blanco AC, Salmo SG. Seagrass biomass and sediment carbon in conserved and disturbed seascape. Ecol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ariel C. Blanco
- Department of Geodetic Engineering, College of Engineering University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City Philippines
| | - Severino G. Salmo
- Department of Environmental Science Ateneo de Manila University Quezon City Philippines
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City Philippines
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18
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Falkenberg LJ, Scanes E, Ducker J, Ross PM. Biotic habitats as refugia under ocean acidification. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab077. [PMID: 34540232 PMCID: PMC8445512 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Habitat-forming organisms have an important role in ameliorating stressful conditions and may be of particular relevance under a changing climate. Increasing CO2 emissions are driving a range of environmental changes, and one of the key concerns is the rapid acceleration of ocean acidification and associated reduction in pH. Such changes in seawater chemistry are anticipated to have direct negative effects on calcifying organisms, which could, in turn, have negative ecological, economic and human health impacts. However, these calcifying organisms do not exist in isolation, but rather are part of complex ecosystems. Here, we use a qualitative narrative synthesis framework to explore (i) how habitat-forming organisms can act to restrict environmental stress, both now and in the future; (ii) the ways their capacity to do so is modified by local context; and (iii) their potential to buffer the effects of future change through physiological processes and how this can be influenced by management adopted. Specifically, we highlight examples that consider the ability of macroalgae and seagrasses to alter water carbonate chemistry, influence resident organisms under current conditions and their capacity to do so under future conditions, while also recognizing the potential role of other habitats such as adjacent mangroves and saltmarshes. Importantly, we note that the outcome of interactions between these functional groups will be context dependent, influenced by the local abiotic and biotic characteristics. This dependence provides local managers with opportunities to create conditions that enhance the likelihood of successful amelioration. Where individuals and populations are managed effectively, habitat formers could provide local refugia for resident organisms of ecological and economic importance under an acidifying ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Falkenberg
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Elliot Scanes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - James Ducker
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Pauline M Ross
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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19
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Herbeck LS, Krumme U, Nordhaus I, Jennerjahn TC. Pond aquaculture effluents feed an anthropogenic nitrogen loop in a SE Asian estuary. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:144083. [PMID: 33280879 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coastal aquaculture expansion resulted in mangrove area loss and ecosystem degradation in the past decades, mainly in tropical Asia. Despite increasing environmental concerns regarding nutrient and organic matter-rich effluents, little is known on the effects on adjacent estuarine and coastal food webs. To assess the impact and fate of anthropogenic nitrogen released from aquaculture facilities, we studied water quality and nitrogen (N) flow across an estuarine food web in an estuary in Hainan, China, using nitrogen stable isotopes (δ15N). We found higher δ15N values of ammonium, nitrate and suspended matter in the pond-covered inner estuary than further upstream, suggesting a strong influence of untreated pond effluents, which had a high δ15N (ammonium: ~16‰, nitrate: ~7‰, suspended matter: ~8‰). Fish and benthic invertebrates of the inner estuary had a higher δ15N than consumers further upstream and in similar aquaculture-free estuaries elsewhere, most likely due to direct or indirect uptake of 15N-enriched aquaculture effluents by phytoplankton and benthic algae. A major part of the artisanal catches from the estuary consists of small-size fish which is used as feed in the local aquaculture. Thus, estuarine fish incorporating aquaculture-effluent based food web signals are harvested and recycled as feed in aquaculture facilities, whose effluents sustain this local food web. The δ15N being at the high end of the global range on all trophic levels indicates an anthropogenic nitrogen loop in which some portion of the reactive nitrogen initially introduced into aquaculture ponds is continuously recycled and affects the estuarine food web. This recycling also indicates a shortcut in the otherwise inefficient nitrogen sink function of estuaries. Therefore, in areas with large-scale coastal aquaculture like in China and SE Asia the effect of reactive nitrogen from aquaculture sources on the performance of coastal ecosystems may be larger than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia S Herbeck
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Uwe Krumme
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Thünen Institute of Baltic Sea Fisheries (TI-OF), Alter Hafen Süd 2, 18069 Rostock, Germany
| | - Inga Nordhaus
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Tim C Jennerjahn
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Faculty of Geoscience, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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20
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Viana IG, Moreira-Saporiti A, Teichberg M. Species-Specific Trait Responses of Three Tropical Seagrasses to Multiple Stressors: The Case of Increasing Temperature and Nutrient Enrichment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:571363. [PMID: 33224162 PMCID: PMC7674176 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.571363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass meadows are declining globally. The decrease of seagrass area is influenced by the simultaneous occurrence of many factors at the local and global scale, including nutrient enrichment and climate change. This study aims to find out how increasing temperature and nutrient enrichment affect the morphological, biochemical and physiological responses of three coexisting tropical species, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea serrulata and Halophila stipulacea. To achieve these aims, a 1-month experiment under laboratory conditions combining two temperature (maximum ambient temperature and current average temperature) and two nutrient (high and low N and P concentrations) treatments was conducted. The results showed that the seagrasses were differentially affected by all treatments depending on their life-history strategies. Under higher temperature treatments, C. serrulata showed photo-acclimation strategies, while T. hemprichii showed decreased photo-physiological performance. In contrast, T. hemprichii was resistant to nutrient over-enrichment, showing enhanced nutrient content and physiological changes, but C. serrulata suffered BG nutrient loss. The limited response of H. stipulacea to nutrient enrichment or high temperature suggests that this seagrass is a tolerant species that may have a dormancy state with lower photosynthetic performance and smaller-size individuals. Interaction between both factors was limited and generally showed antagonistic effects only on morphological and biochemical traits, but not on physiological traits. These results highlight the different effects and strategies co-inhabiting seagrasses have in response to environmental changes, showing winners and losers of a climate change scenario that may eventually cause biodiversity loss. Trait responses to these stressors could potentially make the seagrasses weaker to cope with following events, due to BG biomass or nutrient loss. This is of importance as biodiversity loss in tropical seagrass ecosystems could change the overall effectiveness of ecosystem functions and services provided by the seagrass meadows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés G. Viana
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research GmbH, Bremen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Inés G. Viana, ;
| | - Agustín Moreira-Saporiti
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research GmbH, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Mirta Teichberg
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research GmbH, Bremen, Germany
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