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Cheng H, Peng Z, Zhao C, Jin H, Bao Y, Liu M. The transcriptomic and biochemical responses of blood clams (Tegillarca granosa) to prolonged intermittent hypoxia. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 270:110923. [PMID: 37952637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The blood clam (Tegillarca granosa), a marine bivalve of ecological and economic significance, often encounters intermittent hypoxia in mudflats and aquatic environments. To study the response of blood clam foot to prolonged intermittent hypoxia, the clams were exposed to intermittent hypoxia conditions (0.5 mg/L dissolved oxygen, with a 12-h interval) for 31 days. Initially, transcriptomic analysis was performed, uncovering a total of 698 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 236 upregulated and 462 downregulated. These genes show enrichments in signaling pathways related to glucose metabolism, sugar synthesis and responses to oxidative stress. Furthermore, the activity of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the levels of gpx1 mRNA showed gradual increases, reaching their peak on the 13th day of intermittent hypoxia exposure. This observation suggests an indirect protective role of GPx against oxidative stress. The results of this study make a significantly contribute to our broader comprehensive of the physiological, biochemical responses, and molecular reactions governing the organization of foot muscle tissue in marine bivalves exposed to prolonged intermittent hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
| | - Zhilan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China; Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ninghai 315604, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ninghai 315604, China
| | - Hongyu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
| | - Yongbo Bao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China; Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ninghai 315604, China.
| | - Minhai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China; Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ninghai 315604, China.
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2
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Trevisan R, Mello DF. Redox control of antioxidants, metabolism, immunity, and development at the core of stress adaptation of the oyster Crassostrea gigas to the dynamic intertidal environment. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:85-106. [PMID: 37952585 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
This review uses the marine bivalve Crassostrea gigas to highlight redox reactions and control systems in species living in dynamic intertidal environments. Intertidal species face daily and seasonal environmental variability, including temperature, oxygen, salinity, and nutritional changes. Increasing anthropogenic pressure can bring pollutants and pathogens as additional stressors. Surprisingly, C. gigas demonstrates impressive adaptability to most of these challenges. We explore how ROS production, antioxidant protection, redox signaling, and metabolic adjustments can shed light on how redox biology supports oyster survival in harsh conditions. The review provides (i) a brief summary of shared redox sensing processes in metazoan; (ii) an overview of unique characteristics of the C. gigas intertidal habitat and the suitability of this species as a model organism; (iii) insights into the redox biology of C. gigas, including ROS sources, signaling pathways, ROS-scavenging systems, and thiol-containing proteins; and examples of (iv) hot topics that are underdeveloped in bivalve research linking redox biology with immunometabolism, physioxia, and development. Given its plasticity to environmental changes, C. gigas is a valuable model for studying the role of redox biology in the adaptation to harsh habitats, potentially providing novel insights for basic and applied studies in marine and comparative biochemistry and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Trevisan
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, UMR 6539, LEMAR, Plouzané, 29280, France
| | - Danielle F Mello
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, UMR 6539, LEMAR, Plouzané, 29280, France.
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Lee Y, Byeon E, Kim DH, Maszczyk P, Wang M, Wu RSS, Jeung HD, Hwang UK, Lee JS. Hypoxia in aquatic invertebrates: Occurrence and phenotypic and molecular responses. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 263:106685. [PMID: 37690363 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Global deoxygenation in aquatic systems is an increasing environmental problem, and substantial oxygen loss has been reported. Aquatic animals have been continuously exposed to hypoxic environments, so-called "dead zones," in which severe die-offs among organisms are driven by low-oxygen events. Multiple studies of hypoxia exposure have focused on in vivo endpoints, metabolism, oxidative stress, and immune responses in aquatic invertebrates such as molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms, and cnidarians. They have shown that acute and chronic exposure to hypoxia induces significant decreases in locomotion, respiration, feeding, growth, and reproduction rates. Also, several studies have examined the molecular responses of aquatic invertebrates, such as anaerobic metabolism, reactive oxygen species induction, increased antioxidant enzymes, immune response mechanisms, regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) genes, and differently expressed hemoglobin/hemocyanin. The genetic basis of those molecular responses involves HIF-1α pathway genes, which are highly expressed in hypoxic conditions. However, the identification of HIF-1α-related genes and understanding of their applications in some aquatic invertebrates remain inadequate. Also, some species of crustaceans, rotifers, sponges, and ctenophores that lack HIF-1α are thought to have alternative defense mechanisms to cope with hypoxia, but those factors are still unclear. This review covers the formation of hypoxia in aquatic environments and the various adverse effects of hypoxia on aquatic invertebrates. The limitations of current hypoxia research and genetic information about the HIF-1α pathway are also discussed. Finally, this paper explains the underlying processes of the hypoxia response and presents an integrated program for research about the molecular mechanisms of hypoxic stresses in aquatic invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoseop Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Byeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Duck-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Piotr Maszczyk
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Minghua Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies/College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Rudolf Shiu Sun Wu
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hee-Do Jeung
- Tidal Flat Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gunsan 54001, South Korea
| | - Un-Ki Hwang
- Tidal Flat Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gunsan 54001, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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Kladchenko ES, Kukhareva TA, Rychkova VN, Soldatov AA, Chelebieva ES, Andreyeva AY. Effect of hypersalinic stress on hemocyte morphology and hemolymph cellular composition of the ark clam (Anadarakagoshimensis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:108867. [PMID: 37263549 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bivalve mollusks as typical osmoconformers are unable to maintain a constant level of internal osmolarity in conditions of salinity stress. Adaptation to fluctuations of environmental salinity is achieved through cellular osmoregulatory responses, which are accompanied with a substantial shift in functional state of cells. In the present work we investigated the effect of hypersalinity stress on hemolymph cellular composition and morphology of the ark clam (Anadara kagoshimensis) hemocytes. Ark clams were subjected to a gradual increase of environmental salinity from 18‰ to 35‰ and 45‰ and maintained at those conditions for two days. Exposure to hypersalinity 35‰ induced changes in erythrocyte morphology and led to a decrease of their diameter. At salinity 45‰ a substantial increase of hemocyte average diameter was observed, whereas the shape of cells did not change (18‰). Hyperosmotic stress was not associated with changes in hemocyte viability as well as changes in hemolymph cellular composition. The results of the present work demonstrate high tolerance of A. kagoshimensis to short-time exposure to hypersalinic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Kladchenko
- Laboratory of Ecological Immunology of Aquatic Organisms, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Lenninsky Ave, 38, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - T A Kukhareva
- Laboratory of Ecological Immunology of Aquatic Organisms, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Lenninsky Ave, 38, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - V N Rychkova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Lenninsky Ave, 38, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Soldatov
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Lenninsky Ave, 38, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Chelebieva
- Laboratory of Ecological Immunology of Aquatic Organisms, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Lenninsky Ave, 38, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Y Andreyeva
- Laboratory of Ecological Immunology of Aquatic Organisms, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Lenninsky Ave, 38, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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Jing H, Liu Z, Wu B, Tu K, Liu Z, Sun X, Zhou L. Physiological and molecular responses to hypoxia stress in Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 257:106428. [PMID: 36889128 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia has become one of the major environmental problems in the aquaculture industry. As one of the most commercially important bivalves, Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum may be suffering substantial mortality attributable to hypoxia. The physiological and molecular responses to hypoxia stress in Manila clam were evaluated at two levels of low dissolved oxygen: 0.5 mg/L (DO 0.5 mg/L) and 2.0 mg/L (DO 2.0 mg/L). With the prolongation of hypoxia stress, the mortality rate was 100% at 156 h under DO 0.5 mg/L. In contrast, 50% of clams survived after 240 h of stress at DO 2.0 mg/L. After the hypoxia stress, some severe structural damages were observed in gill, axe foot, hepatopancreas tissues, such as cell rupture and mitochondrial vacuolization. For the hypoxia-stressed clams, the significant rise and decline of enzyme activity (LDH and T-AOC) was observed in gills, in contrast to the reduction of glycogen content. Furthermore, the expression levels of genes related to energy metabolism (SDH, PK, Na+/K+-ATPase, NF-κB and HIF-1α) was significantly affected by the hypoxia stress. It is therefore suggested that the short-term survival of clams under hypoxia may be dependent on stress protection by antioxidants, energy allocation, and tissue energy reserves (such as glycogen stores). Despite this, the prolongation of hypoxia stress at DO 2.0 mg/L may cause the irreversible damages of cellular structures in clam tissues, eventually leading to the death of clams. We therefore support the hypothesis that the extent of hypoxia impacts on marine bivalves may be underestimated in the coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jing
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, PR. China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR. China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, PR. China
| | - Biao Wu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, PR. China
| | - Kang Tu
- Putian Institute of Aquaculture Science of Fujian Province, Putian, 351100, PR. China
| | - Zhengmin Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, PR. China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, PR. China
| | - Xiujun Sun
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, PR. China.
| | - Liqing Zhou
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao 266071, PR. China.
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Meng J, Wang T, Li B, Li L, Zhang G. Oxygen sensing and transcriptional regulation under hypoxia exposure in the mollusk Crassostrea gigas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158557. [PMID: 36084780 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia caused by global climate change and anthropogenic pollution has exposed marine species to increasing stress. Oxygen sensing mediated by prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) is regarded as the first line of defense under hypoxia exposure; however, the function of PHD in marine molluscan species remains unclear. In this study, we identified two PHD2 gene in the oyster Crassostrea gigas using phylogenetic tree analysis with 36 species, namely, CgPHD2A/B. Under hypoxia, the mRNA and protein expression of CgPHD2A displayed a time-dependent pattern, revealing a critical role in the response to hypoxia-induced stress. Observation of interactions between CgPHD2 and CgHIF-1α proteins under normoxia using co-immunoprecipitation and GST-pull down experiments showed that the β2β3 loop in CgPHD2A hydroxylates CgHIF-1α to promote its ubiquitination with CgVHL. With the protein recombination and site-directed mutagenesis, the hydroxylation domain and two target proline loci (P404A and 504A) in CgPHDs and CgHIF-1α were identified respectively. Moreover, the electrophoretic mobility-shift assay (EMSA) and luciferase double reporter gene assay revelaed that CgHIF-1α could regulate CgPHD2A expression through binding with the hypoxia-responsive element in the promoter region (320 bp upstream), forming a feedback loop. However, protein structure analysis indicated that six extra amino acids formed an α-helix in the β2β3 loop of CgPHD2B, inhibiting its activity. Overall, this study revealed that two CgPHD2 proteins have evolved, which encode enzymes with different activities in oyster, potentially representing a specific hypoxia-sensing mechanism in mollusks. Illustrating the functional diversity of CgPHDs could help to assess the physiological status of oyster and guide their aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Meng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Busu Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Guofan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
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Gostyukhina OL, Yu AA, Chelebieva ES, Vodiasova EA, Lantushenko AO, Kladchenko ES. Adaptive potential of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to short-term environmental hypoxia. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:654-661. [PMID: 36330874 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental hypoxia naturally occurs in coastal ecosystems and bivalve mollusks have to frequently face fluctuations of dissolved oxygen concentrations. Exposure to hypoxia is often associated with the change of the antioxidant and functional status in bivalves, and restoration of the normal oxygen supply is considered to induce oxidative stress in tissues of mollusks. The study investigates changes in the activity of two antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as the expression level of SOD and CAT genes in gills of the Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, under exposure to low dissolved oxygen concentration (2.2 mg L-1) for 24 h and 72 h, and 24 h reoxygenation period. We also evaluated the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mortality and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential in hemocytes following hypoxia-reoxygenation cycle. 24 h exposure to hypoxia significantly decreased activity of both enzymes, which then recovered up to control levels at the end of 72 h experimental period for SOD and after reoxygenation for CAT. Expression of antioxidant enzyme genes was up-regulated following the 72 h hypoxic exposure period and returned to the basal normoxic level after 24 h reoxygenation. Hypoxia demonstrated a time-dependent effect on the functional state of hemocytes. The 24 h exposure period did not influence aerobic respiration of hemocytes, but prolonged hypoxia (72 h) was associated with a substantial decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential of hemocytes. The intracellular ROS level and mortality of hemocytes did not change under hypoxia. Reoxygenation period was accompanied with a significant decrease of intracellular ROS level. This study indicated that hypoxia did not induce the pronounced oxidative stress in gills and the changes in the antioxidant status were reversible within 24 h of reoxygenation. Hemolymph demonstrated a stable functional state indicating the tolerance of mussels to short-time hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- O L Gostyukhina
- Laboratory of Ecological Immunology of Aquatic Organisms, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Leninsky Ave, 38, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Andreyeva A Yu
- Laboratory of Ecological Immunology of Aquatic Organisms, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Leninsky Ave, 38, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - E S Chelebieva
- Laboratory of Ecological Immunology of Aquatic Organisms, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Leninsky Ave, 38, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - E A Vodiasova
- Marine Biodiversity and Functional Genomics Laboratory, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Leninsky Ave, 38, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A O Lantushenko
- Department of Physics, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, 299053, Russia
| | - E S Kladchenko
- Laboratory of Ecological Immunology of Aquatic Organisms, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Leninsky Ave, 38, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Burnett KG, Burnett LE. Immune Defense in Hypoxic Waters: Impacts of CO 2 Acidification. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2022; 243:120-133. [PMID: 36548972 DOI: 10.1086/721322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPeriodic episodes of low oxygen (hypoxia) and elevated CO2 (hypercapnia) accompanied by low pH occur naturally in estuarine environments. Under the influence of climate change, the geographic range and intensity of hypoxia and hypercapnic hypoxia are predicted to increase, potentially jeopardizing the survival of economically and ecologically important organisms that use estuaries as habitat and nursery grounds. In this review we synthesize data from published studies that evaluate the impact of hypoxia and hypercapnic hypoxia on the ability of crustaceans and bivalve molluscs to defend themselves against potential microbial pathogens. Available data indicate that hypoxia generally has suppressive effects on host immunity against bacterial pathogens as measured by in vitro and in vivo assays. Few studies have documented the effects of hypercapnic hypoxia on crustaceans or bivalve immune defense, with a range of outcomes suggesting that added CO2 might have additive, negative, or no interactions with the effects of hypoxia alone. This synthesis points to the need for more partial pressure of O2 × low pH factorial design experiments and recommends the development of new host∶pathogen challenge models incorporating natural transmission of a wide range of viruses, bacteria, and parasites, along with novel in vivo tracking systems that better quantify how pathogens interact with their hosts in real time under laboratory and field conditions.
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9
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Zhan Y, Zha S, Peng Z, Lin Z, Bao Y. Hypoxia-mediated immunotoxicity in the blood clam Tegillarca granosa. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 177:105632. [PMID: 35439659 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In marine ecosystems, dissolved oxygen (DO) is essential for maintaining intracellular energy balance during aerobic metabolism. Bivalve mollusks are frequently exposed to hypoxia environments due to tides, temperature changes, and anthropogenic activities. The blood clam, Tegillarca granosa, mainly inhabits intertidal mudflats and is more susceptible to low oxygen events. In this study, we investigated the effect of hypoxia on immune responses in clams, and showed that hypoxia exposure reduced total hemocyte counts (THC), hemoglobin concentrations, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Also, phagocytic and cell activities of hemocyte were significantly inhibited. Furthermore, immune-related gene expression was also down-regulated. In conclusion, hypoxia greatly affected immune functions in blood clams, and our research provided the foundation for further mechanistic studies on hypoxia tolerance in clams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhan
- School of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
| | - Shanjie Zha
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
| | - Zhilan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
| | - Zhihua Lin
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China; Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ninghai, 315604, China
| | - Yongbo Bao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China; Ninghai Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ninghai, 315604, China.
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10
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Li Q, Zhang F, Sun S. The survival and responses of blue mussel Mytilus edulis to 16-day sustained hypoxia stress. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 176:105601. [PMID: 35306403 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The blue mussel Mytilus edulis, which is a worldwide commercial species distributed mainly from the intertidal zone to tens of meters deep, has been previously studied regarding its acute defense responses to air exposure and intermittent hypoxia. However, the effects of sustained hypoxia, such as caused by coastal eutrophication, remain to be explored. In the present study, the critical threshold of dissolved oxygen (DO) for experimental mussels exposed to 16 days of hypoxia was DO 0.7-0.8 mg L-1, below which survival dropped drastically from nearly 80% to <38%. When hypoxia was combined with DO fluctuations or with poor water quality, the threshold rose to an average of DO 1.0 mg L-1, which resulted in less than 80% survival. To find possible clues of physiological stress to account for mortalities, the metabolic rate and enzyme activities of Na+/K+ ATPase, superoxide dismutase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase were further recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Song Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Jiaozhou Bay Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Kladchenko ES, Andreyeva AY, Kukhareva TA. Effect of Ranged Short-Term Hypoxia on Functional and Morphological Parameters of Hemocytes in the Pacific Oyster Сrassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793). J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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