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Lundin JI, Chittaro PM, Schultz IR, Arkoosh MR, Baker MC, Baldwin DH, Collier TK, French BL, Kern JW, Labenia JS, Linbo TL, Merten AA, Schuster CM, Veggerby KB, Ylitalo GM, Scholz NL, Dietrich JP. Dietary Exposure to Environmentally Relevant Levels of Chemical Contaminants Reduces Growth and Survival in Juvenile Chinook Salmon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:132-142. [PMID: 38154032 PMCID: PMC10785754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pollution can degrade aquatic ecosystems. Chinook salmon in contaminated habitats are vulnerable to health impacts from toxic exposures. Few studies have been conducted on adverse health outcomes associated with current levels and mixtures of contaminants. Fewer still address effects specific to the juvenile life-stage of salmonids. The present study evaluated contaminant-related effects from dietary exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations and mixture profiles in juvenile Chinook salmon from industrialized waterways in the U.S. Pacific Northwest using two end points: growth assessment and disease susceptibility. The dose and chemical proportions were reconstituted based on environmental sampling and analysis using the stomach contents of juvenile Chinook salmon recently collected from contaminated, industrialized waterways. Groups of fish were fed a mixture with fixed proportions of 10 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 3 dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), and 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at five concentrations for 35 days. These contaminant compounds were selected because of elevated concentrations and the widespread presence in sediments throughout industrialized waterways. Fork length and otolith microstructural growth indicators were significantly reduced in fish fed environmentally relevant concentrations of these contaminants. In addition, contaminant-exposed Chinook salmon were more susceptible to disease during controlled challenges with the pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida. Our results indicate that dietary exposure to contaminants impairs growth and immune function in juvenile Chinook salmon, thereby highlighting that current environmental exposure to chemicals of potential management concern threatens the viability of exposed salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica I. Lundin
- National
Research Council Research Associateship Program, under contract to
the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries
Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Paul M. Chittaro
- Environmental
and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center,
National Marine Fisheries Service, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Irvin R. Schultz
- Environmental
and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center,
National Marine Fisheries Service, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Mary R. Arkoosh
- Environmental
and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center,
National Marine Fisheries Service, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Mary C. Baker
- Assessment
and Restoration Division, Office of Response and Restoration, National
Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Seattle, Washington 98115-0070, United States
| | - David H. Baldwin
- Endangered
Species Act Interagency Cooperation Division, Office of Protected
Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Seattle, Washington 98115-0070, United States
| | - Tracy K. Collier
- College
of the Environment, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, Bellingham, Washington 98225-9079, United States
| | - Barbara L. French
- Environmental
and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center,
National Marine Fisheries Service, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - John W. Kern
- Kern
Statistical
Services, Inc., 13680
Bete Grise RD, Mohawk, Michigan 49950, United States
| | - Jana S. Labenia
- Environmental
and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center,
National Marine Fisheries Service, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Tiffany L. Linbo
- Environmental
and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center,
National Marine Fisheries Service, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Amy A. Merten
- Assessment
and Restoration Division, Office of Response and Restoration, National
Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Seattle, Washington 98115-0070, United States
| | - Cameron M. Schuster
- Environmental
and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center,
National Marine Fisheries Service, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Karl B. Veggerby
- Ocean
Associates,
Inc., under contract to the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National
Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Gina M. Ylitalo
- Environmental
and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center,
National Marine Fisheries Service, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Nathaniel L. Scholz
- Environmental
and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center,
National Marine Fisheries Service, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Joseph P. Dietrich
- Environmental
and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center,
National Marine Fisheries Service, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
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Dornberger LN, Montagna PA, Ainsworth CH. Simulating oil-driven abundance changes in benthic marine invertebrates using an ecosystem model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120450. [PMID: 36273693 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Field studies showed that benthic macrofauna and meiofauna abundances increased with sediment oil concentration in areas affected by the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill. Benthic invertebrate biomass shows a dome-shaped relationship with respect to petrogenic hydrocarbon concentrations suggesting a positive effect on biomass at low-to-medium oil concentrations and a negative effect at high concentrations. If this is due to enrichment of the benthic food web, then this adds to an emerging picture of a food web response over a large spatial area with both abundance increases and decreases as a result of DWH. We would be obliged to consider long term multispecies effects beyond the initial pulse disturbance in modeling impacts and recovery of economically valuable species. An Atlantis ecosystem model of the Gulf of Mexico is used to simulate three mechanisms that could explain observed changes in the invertebrate community. Scenario 1 is that stimulation of surface primary productivity occurred as a result of nutrient loading caused by diversion of Mississippi River water into Barataria Bay (a mitigation action taken during the DWH oil spill). Scenario 2 is that enrichment of the benthos occurred due to detrital loading from marine oil snow sedimentation and flocculent accumulation (MOSSFA). Scenario 3 is that predator declines and/or avoidance of oiled areas caused a release of predation mortality on benthic invertebrates. Scenario 2 (MOSSFA) stimulated the detritus-driven food web and was best able to cause a net increase in invertebrate biomass despite a realistic amount of oil toxicity. Scenario 3 (predator release) plausibly could have contributed to changes in benthic invertebrates. Scenario 1 (nutrient loading) had little impact on the benthos suggesting the benthic food web is decoupled from local pelagic production sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Dornberger
- College of Marine Science. University of South Florida. 140 7th St. Petersburg, FL. 33701, USA
| | - P A Montagna
- Harte Research Institute. Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX, 78412-5869, USA
| | - C H Ainsworth
- College of Marine Science. University of South Florida. 140 7th St. Petersburg, FL. 33701, USA.
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Hansen BH, Nordtug T, Farkas J, Khan EA, Oteri E, Kvæstad B, Faksness LG, Daling PS, Arukwe A. Toxicity and developmental effects of Arctic fuel oil types on early life stages of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 237:105881. [PMID: 34139396 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the heavy fuel oil (HFO) ban in Arctic maritime transport and new legislations restricting the sulphur content of fuel oils, new fuel oil types are continuously developed. However, the potential impacts of these new fuel oil types on marine ecosystems during accidental spills are largely unknown. In this study, we studied the toxicity of three marine fuel oils (two marine gas oils with low sulphur contents and a heavy fuel oil) in early life stages of cod (Gadus morhua). Embryos were exposed for 4 days to water-soluble fractions of fuel oils at concentrations ranging from 4.1 - 128.3 µg TPAH/L, followed by recovery in clean seawater until 17 days post fertilization. Exposure to all three fuel oils resulted in developmental toxicity, including severe morphological changes, deformations and cardiotoxicity. To assess underlying molecular mechanisms, we studied fuel oil-mediated activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) gene battery and genes related to cardiovascular, angiogenesis and osteogenesis pathways. Overall, our results suggest comparable mechanisms of toxicity for the three fuel oils. All fuel oils caused concentration-dependant increases of cyp1a mRNA which paralleled ahrr, but not ahr1b transcript expression. On the angiogenesis and osteogenesis pathways, fuel oils produced concentration-specific transcriptional effects that were either increasing or decreasing, compared to control embryos. Based on the observed toxic responses, toxicity threshold values were estimated for individual endpoints to assess the most sensitive molecular and physiological effects, suggesting that unresolved petrogenic components may be significant contributors to the observed toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trond Nordtug
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julia Farkas
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Essa A Khan
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erika Oteri
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjarne Kvæstad
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Per S Daling
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
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Lundin JI, Chittaro PM, Ylitalo GM, Kern JW, Kuligowski DR, Sol SY, Baugh KA, Boyd DT, Baker MC, Neely RM, King KG, Scholz NL. Decreased Growth Rate Associated with Tissue Contaminants in Juvenile Chinook Salmon Out-Migrating through an Industrial Waterway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9968-9978. [PMID: 34252275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The industrial waterway in Portland Harbor, Oregon, is a migration corridor for a distinct population segment of Chinook Salmon (Upper Willamette River) currently protected by the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Juveniles are exposed to a suite of contaminants during outmigration including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes. We collected natural origin subyearling Chinook salmon from sites in and around the industrial harbor to evaluate growth (otolith microstructural analysis) in relation to measured chemical concentrations in tissue. A reduced growth rate was associated with higher tissue contaminant concentrations, particularly mixtures represented by PAHs and certain PCBs, which were elevated in juvenile Chinook collected throughout sites within Portland Harbor relative to those captured upstream. First-year growth is an established predictor of individual survival and eventual reproductive success in Chinook salmon. Therefore, our results indicate that legacy pollution may be limiting the population abundance of threatened Willamette River Chinook salmon, and future habitat remediation or restoration actions may benefit ongoing species recovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica I Lundin
- National Research Council Research Associateship Program, Under Contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Paul M Chittaro
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Gina M Ylitalo
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - John W Kern
- Kern Statistical Services, Inc., 13680 Bete Grise RD, Mohawk, Michigan 49950, United States
| | - David R Kuligowski
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Sean Y Sol
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Keri A Baugh
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Daryle T Boyd
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Mary C Baker
- Assessment and Restoration Division, Office of Response and Restoration, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Seattle, Washington 98115-0070, United States
| | - Robert M Neely
- Assessment and Restoration Division, Office of Response and Restoration, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Seattle, Washington 98115-0070, United States
| | - Kennith G King
- US Fish and Wildlife Service, 510 Desmond Dr SE #102, Lacey, Washington 98503, United States
| | - Nathaniel L Scholz
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
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5
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Ainsworth CH, Paris CB, Perlin N, Dornberger LN, Patterson WF, Chancellor E, Murawski S, Hollander D, Daly K, Romero IC, Coleman F, Perryman H. Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill evaluated using an end-to-end ecosystem model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190840. [PMID: 29370187 PMCID: PMC5784916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We use a spatially explicit biogeochemical end-to-end ecosystem model, Atlantis, to simulate impacts from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and subsequent recovery of fish guilds. Dose-response relationships with expected oil concentrations were utilized to estimate the impact on fish growth and mortality rates. We also examine the effects of fisheries closures and impacts on recruitment. We validate predictions of the model by comparing population trends and age structure before and after the oil spill with fisheries independent data. The model suggests that recruitment effects and fishery closures had little influence on biomass dynamics. However, at the assumed level of oil concentrations and toxicity, impacts on fish mortality and growth rates were large and commensurate with observations. Sensitivity analysis suggests the biomass of large reef fish decreased by 25% to 50% in areas most affected by the spill, and biomass of large demersal fish decreased even more, by 40% to 70%. Impacts on reef and demersal forage caused starvation mortality in predators and increased reliance on pelagic forage. Impacts on the food web translated effects of the spill far away from the oiled area. Effects on age structure suggest possible delayed impacts on fishery yields. Recovery of high-turnover populations generally is predicted to occur within 10 years, but some slower-growing populations may take 30+ years to fully recover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron H. Ainsworth
- University of South Florida College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Claire B. Paris
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Natalie Perlin
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Lindsey N. Dornberger
- University of South Florida College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, FL, United States of America
| | - William F. Patterson
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Program, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Emily Chancellor
- University of South Florida College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, FL, United States of America
| | - Steve Murawski
- University of South Florida College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, FL, United States of America
| | - David Hollander
- University of South Florida College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, FL, United States of America
| | - Kendra Daly
- University of South Florida College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, FL, United States of America
| | - Isabel C. Romero
- University of South Florida College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, FL, United States of America
| | - Felicia Coleman
- Florida State University, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America
| | - Holly Perryman
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL, United States of America
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Su W, Zha S, Wang Y, Shi W, Xiao G, Chai X, Wu H, Liu G. Benzo[a]pyrene exposure under future ocean acidification scenarios weakens the immune responses of blood clam, Tegillarca granosa. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 63:465-470. [PMID: 28254499 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are known to converge into the ocean and accumulate in the sediment, posing great threats to marine organisms such as the sessile bottom burrowing bivalves. However, the immune toxicity of POPs, such as B[a]P, under future ocean acidification scenarios remains poorly understood to date. Therefore, in the present study, the impacts of B[a]P exposure on the immune responses of a bivalve species, Tegillarca granosa, under present and future ocean acidification scenarios were investigated. Results obtained revealed an increased immune toxicity of B[a]P under future ocean acidification scenarios in terms of reduced THC, altered haemocyte composition, and hampered phagocytosis, which may attribute to the synergetic effects of B[a]P and ocean acidification. In addition, the gene expressions of pathogen pattern recognition receptors (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR6), pathway mediators (TRAF6, TAK1, TAB2, IKKα and Myd88), and effectors (NF-ĸB) of the important immune related pathways were significantly down-regulated upon exposure to B[a]P under future ocean acidification scenarios. Results of the present study suggested an increased immune toxicity of B[a]P under future ocean acidification scenarios, which will significantly hamper the immune responses of T. granosa and subsequently render individuals more susceptible to pathogens challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Su
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shanjie Zha
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yichen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Xiao
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Xueliang Chai
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Hongxi Wu
- Zhejiang Fisheries Technology Extension Station, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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