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Xue Z, Tian W, Han Y, Feng Z, Wang Y, Zhang W. The hidden diversity of microbes in ballast water and sediments revealed by metagenomic sequencing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163666. [PMID: 37094681 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid globalization of trade, the worldwide spread of pathogens through ballast water is becoming a major concern. Although the international maritime organization (IMO) convention has been adopted to prevent the spread of harmful pathogens, the limited species resolution of the current microbe-monitoring methods challenged the ballast water and sediments management (BWSM). In this study, we explored metagenomic sequencing to investigate the species composition of microbial communities in four international vessels for BWSM. Our results showed the largest species diversity (14,403) in ballast water and sediments, including bacteria (11,710), eukaryotes (1007), archaea (829), and viruses (790). A total of 129 phyla were detected, among which the Proteobacteria, followed by Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the most abundant. Notably, 422 pathogens that are potentially harmful to marine environments and aquaculture were identified. The co-occurrence network analysis showed that most of these pathogens were positively correlated with the commonly used indicator bacteria Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, and intestinal Enterococci species, validating the D-2 standard in BWSM. The functional profile showed prominent pathways of methane and sulfur metabolism, indicating that the microbial community in the severe tank environment still utilizes the energy to sustain such a high level of microbe diversity. In conclusion, metagenomic sequencing provides novel information for BWSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhao Xue
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Wen Tian
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center of Nanjing Customs District, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangchun Han
- Integarted Technical Service Center of Jiangyin Customs, Jiangyin, China
| | - Zhen Feng
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center of Nanjing Customs District, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center of Nanjing Customs District, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China.
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2
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Castro N, Gestoso I, Marques CS, Ramalhosa P, Monteiro JG, Costa JL, Canning-Clode J. Anthropogenic pressure leads to more introductions: Marine traffic and artificial structures in offshore islands increases non-indigenous species. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 181:113898. [PMID: 35843167 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pressures such as the introduction of non-indigenous species (NIS) have impacted global biodiversity and ecosystems. Most marine species spreading outside their natural biogeographical limits are promoted and facilitated by maritime traffic through ballast water and hull biofouling. Propagule pressure plays a primary role in invasion success mixed with environmental conditions of the arrival port. Moreover, with the current ocean sprawl, new substrates are offered for potential NIS recruits. Here, differences in the fouling assemblages thriving inside three different ports/marinas facilities in Madeira Island were assessed for comparison. The locations showed significant differences concerning assemblage structure. Most NIS were detected in plastic floating pontoons. Funchal harbour receives most of the marine traffic in Madeira, acting as the main hub for primary NIS introductions, being recreational boating involved in NIS secondary transfers. Our results highlight the need for future management actions in island ecosystems, particularly monitoring and sampling of recreational boating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Castro
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI), Funchal, Madeira, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ignacio Gestoso
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI), Funchal, Madeira, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences of University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - Carolina S Marques
- Centro de Estatística e Aplicações, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrício Ramalhosa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI), Funchal, Madeira, Portugal; OOM - Oceanic Observatory of Madeira, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI), Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - João G Monteiro
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI), Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - José L Costa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Canning-Clode
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI), Funchal, Madeira, Portugal; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
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Kuempel CD, Tulloch VJD, Giffin AL, Simmons BA, Hagger V, Phua C, Hoegh‐Guldberg O. Identifying management opportunities to combat climate, land, and marine threats across less climate exposed coral reefs. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13856. [PMID: 34729816 PMCID: PMC9300080 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conserving coral reefs is critical for maintaining marine biodiversity, protecting coastlines, and supporting livelihoods in many coastal communities. Climate change threatens coral reefs globally, but researchers have identified a portfolio of coral reefs (bioclimatic units [BCUs]) that are relatively less exposed to climate impacts and strongly connected to other coral reef systems. These reefs provide a proactive opportunity to secure a long-term future for coral reefs under climate change. To help guide local management efforts, we quantified marine cumulative human impact (CHI) from climate, marine, and land pressures (2013 and from 2008 to 2013) in BCUs and across countries tasked with BCU management. Additionally, we created a management index based on common management measures and policies for each pressure source (climate, marine, and land) to identify a country's intent and commitment to effectively manage these pressures. Twenty-two countries (79%) had increases in CHI from 2008 to 2013. Climate change pressures had the highest proportional contribution to CHI across all reefs and in all but one country (Singapore), but 18 BCUs (35%) and nine countries containing BCUs (32%) had relatively high land and marine impacts. There was a significant positive relationship between climate impact and the climate management index across countries (R2 = 0.43, p = 0.02), potentially signifying that countries with greater climate impacts are more committed to managing them. However, this trend was driven by climate management intent in Fiji and Bangladesh. Our results can be used to guide future fine-scale analyses, national policies, and local management decisions, and our management indices reveal areas where management components can be improved. Cost-effectively managing local pressures (e.g., fishing and nutrients) in BCUs is essential for building a climate-ready future that benefits coral reefs and people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin D. Kuempel
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation ScienceUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Vivitskaia J. D. Tulloch
- Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Alyssa L. Giffin
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute – Coast & Estuaries, and School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - B. Alexander Simmons
- Global Development Policy CenterBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Institute for Future EnvironmentsQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Valerie Hagger
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Carol Phua
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- WWF Oceans PracticeBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ove Hoegh‐Guldberg
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of QueenslandSt. LuciaQueenslandAustralia
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Costello KE, Lynch SA, McAllen R, O'Riordan RM, Culloty SC. Assessing the potential for invasive species introductions and secondary spread using vessel movements in maritime ports. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 177:113496. [PMID: 35272109 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Global shipping facilitates the introduction of invasive species and parasites via ballast water and hull fouling. Regional management of invasives may be strengthened by identifying the major routes in a network, to allow for targeted ship inspections. This study used cargo shipping records to establish the connectivity of shipping routes between ports in Ireland and other nations. 9291 records were analysed, investigating vessel residence and journey times. On average, vessels spent up to five days in port and less than five days at sea. However, there was strong variation, with general cargo ships recording up to 13 days in port. A horizon scan for species likely to invade in Ireland was incorporated for five species and their associated parasites: American razor clam, Asian shore crab, Brush clawed shore crab, Chinese mitten crab and American slipper limpet. Routes of concern are highlighted and a general framework for effective management is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E Costello
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland; Aquaculture and Fisheries Development Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Ireland.
| | - Sharon A Lynch
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland; Aquaculture and Fisheries Development Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Rob McAllen
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Ruth M O'Riordan
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland; Aquaculture and Fisheries Development Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah C Culloty
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland; Aquaculture and Fisheries Development Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Ireland; MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
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5
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Salleh NA, Rosli FN, Akbar MA, Yusof A, Sahrani FK, Razak SA, Ahmad A, Usup G, Bunawan H. Pathogenic hitchhiker diversity on international ships' ballast water at West Malaysia port. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112850. [PMID: 34391012 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates bacterial diversity and potential pathogens in the international ships' ballast water at Tanjung Pelepas Port, Malaysia, using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Thirty-four bacterial phylum, 305 families, 577 genera, and 941 species were detected in eight ballast water samples of different origins. The similarity of the bacterial composition between samples was found to be random and not tied to geographical locations. The bacterial abundance did not seem to be affected by related physicochemical except for temperature. Ballast water samples with a temperature lower than 25 °C showed a relatively lower bacterial abundance. A total of 33 potential pathogens were detected from all ballast water samples. Pseudomonas spp., Tenacibaculum spp., Flavobacteriaceae spp., Halomonas spp., and Acinetobacter junii are the potential pathogens with more than 10% OTU prevalence. This study would provide beneficial information for further enhancing ballast water microorganism guidelines in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Aishah Salleh
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farah Nadiah Rosli
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Afiq Akbar
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aqilah Yusof
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fathul Karim Sahrani
- Department of Earth Science and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shairah Abdul Razak
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Asmat Ahmad
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gires Usup
- Department of Earth Science and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hamidun Bunawan
- Institute of Systems Biology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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6
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Chee SY, Yee JC, Cheah CB, Evans AJ, Firth LB, Hawkins SJ, Strain EMA. Habitat Complexity Affects the Structure but Not the Diversity of Sessile Communities on Tropical Coastal Infrastructure. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.673227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing human population, urbanisation, and climate change have resulted in the proliferation of hard coastal infrastructure such as seawalls and breakwaters. There is increasing impetus to create multifunctional coastal defence structures with the primary function of protecting people and property in addition to providing habitat for marine organisms through eco-engineering - a nature-based solutions approach. In this study, the independent and synergistic effects of physical complexity and seeding with native oysters in promoting diversity and abundances of sessile organisms were assessed at two locations on Penang Island, Malaysia. Concrete tiles with varying physical and biological complexity (flat, 2.5 cm ridges and crevices, and 5 cm ridges and crevices that were seeded or unseeded with oysters) were deployed and monitored over 12 months. The survival of the seeded oysters was not correlated with physical complexity. The addition of physical and biological complexity interacted to promote distinct community assemblages, but did not consistently increase the richness, diversity, or abundances of sessile organisms through time. These results indicate that complexity, whether physical or biological, is only one of many influences on biodiversity on coastal infrastructure. Eco-engineering interventions that have been reported to be effective in other regions may not work as effectively in others due to the highly dynamic conditions in coastal environment. Thus, it is important that other factors such as the local species pools, environmental setting (e.g., wave action), biological factors (e.g., predators), and anthropogenic stressors (e.g., pollution) should also be considered when designing habitat enhancements. Such factors acting individually or synergistically could potentially affect the outcomes of any planned eco-engineering interventions.
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7
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Lim CS, Tay TS, Tan KS, Teo SLM. Removal of larvae of two marine invasive bivalves, Mytilopsis sallei (Récluz, 1849) and Mytella strigata (Hanley, 1843), by water treatment processes. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 155:111154. [PMID: 32469774 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The uptake and discharge of bivalve larvae through ballast water operations is a highly viable mechanism for transfer of shellfish. In this paper, we investigate the effects of common water treatment processes on the planktotrophic larvae of the two invasive species of shellfish, Mytilopsis sallei and Mytella strigata. The study found that common water treatment processes used in many ballast water treatment systems were effective for the removal of bivalve larvae, although later stages of larval forms required more effort to remove.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Sing Lim
- St John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 119227, Singapore.
| | - Teresa Stephanie Tay
- St John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 119227, Singapore
| | - Koh Siang Tan
- St John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 119227, Singapore
| | - Serena Lay-Ming Teo
- St John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 119227, Singapore
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8
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Gollasch S, Hewitt CL, Bailey S, David M. Introductions and transfers of species by ballast water in the Adriatic Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 147:8-15. [PMID: 30177381 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Following the Editorial addressing the BALMAS project, we open the ballast water management special issue for the Adriatic Sea by providing background information on non-indigenous species and the mechanisms (vectors) of transport. Problems allocating introduction mechanisms for various species with certainty are described; in general, key introduction mechanisms are shipping, with ballast water and biofouling as dominant vectors, and aquaculture activities. The dominant mechanisms for introduction may differ through time, between regions and across species. We highlight ballast water as the focus of an international convention to prevent future introductions, reviewing management options and suggesting future research needs. This assessment is not restricted in application to the Adriatic Sea, but is applicable to other coastal waters. Results of such future work may contribute to the experience building phase planned by the International Maritime Organization for a harmonised implementation of the Ballast Water Management Convention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chad L Hewitt
- University of Waikato, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Bailey
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Matej David
- Dr. Matej David Consult, Korte 13e, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
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9
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Petrocelli A, Antolić B, Bolognini L, Cecere E, Cvitković I, Despalatović M, Falace A, Finotto S, Iveša L, Mačić V, Marini M, Orlando-Bonaca M, Rubino F, Trabucco B, Žuljević A. Port Baseline Biological Surveys and seaweed bioinvasions in port areas: What's the matter in the Adriatic Sea? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 147:98-116. [PMID: 29653836 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the objectives of the BALMAS project was to conduct Port Baseline Biological Surveys of native and non-indigenous benthic flora in 12 Adriatic ports. Samples of macroalgae growing on vertical artificial substrates were collected in spring and autumn 2014 and/or 2015. A total number of 248 taxa, 152 Rhodophyta, 62 Chlorophyta, and 34 Ochrophyta, were identified. Of these, 13 were non-indigenous seaweeds, mainly filamentous macroalgae, that were probably introduced through hull fouling. Some of these taxa had already been described in the study areas, others were recorded for the first time, a few were no longer detected at sites where they had previously been recorded (e.g. Sargassum muticum). Some other NISS reported for the Adriatic Sea, were not collected at any sampling site (i.e. Caulerpa cylindracea, Codium fragile). Possible reasons for the absence of these species are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Petrocelli
- Institute for the Marine Coastal Environment (IAMC) - CNR, via Roma 3, 74123 Taranto, Italy.
| | - Boris Antolić
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šet. I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Luca Bolognini
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR) - CNR, Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Ester Cecere
- Institute for the Marine Coastal Environment (IAMC) - CNR, via Roma 3, 74123 Taranto, Italy.
| | - Ivan Cvitković
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šet. I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Marija Despalatović
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šet. I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Annalisa Falace
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Stefania Finotto
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR) - CNR, Castello 2737/f, 30122 Venice, Italy.
| | - Ljiljana Iveša
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine Research, G. Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia.
| | - Vesna Mačić
- Institute of Marine Biology, University of Montenegro, 85330 Kotor, Montenegro.
| | - Mauro Marini
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR) - CNR, Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Martina Orlando-Bonaca
- Marine Biology Station, National Institute of Biology, Fornače 41, SI-6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | - Fernando Rubino
- Institute for the Marine Coastal Environment (IAMC) - CNR, via Roma 3, 74123 Taranto, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Trabucco
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, via Vitaliano Brancati 60, 00144 Roma, Italy.
| | - Ante Žuljević
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šet. I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia.
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Heery EC, Hoeksema BW, Browne NK, Reimer JD, Ang PO, Huang D, Friess DA, Chou LM, Loke LHL, Saksena-Taylor P, Alsagoff N, Yeemin T, Sutthacheep M, Vo ST, Bos AR, Gumanao GS, Syed Hussein MA, Waheed Z, Lane DJW, Johan O, Kunzmann A, Jompa J, Taira D, Bauman AG, Todd PA. Urban coral reefs: Degradation and resilience of hard coral assemblages in coastal cities of East and Southeast Asia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 135:654-681. [PMID: 30301085 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Given predicted increases in urbanization in tropical and subtropical regions, understanding the processes shaping urban coral reefs may be essential for anticipating future conservation challenges. We used a case study approach to identify unifying patterns of urban coral reefs and clarify the effects of urbanization on hard coral assemblages. Data were compiled from 11 cities throughout East and Southeast Asia, with particular focus on Singapore, Jakarta, Hong Kong, and Naha (Okinawa). Our review highlights several key characteristics of urban coral reefs, including "reef compression" (a decline in bathymetric range with increasing turbidity and decreasing water clarity over time and relative to shore), dominance by domed coral growth forms and low reef complexity, variable city-specific inshore-offshore gradients, early declines in coral cover with recent fluctuating periods of acute impacts and rapid recovery, and colonization of urban infrastructure by hard corals. We present hypotheses for urban reef community dynamics and discuss potential of ecological engineering for corals in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza C Heery
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Bert W Hoeksema
- Taxonomy and Systematics Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Nicola K Browne
- Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Bentley Campus, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - James D Reimer
- Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan; Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Put O Ang
- Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danwei Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore; Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119227, Singapore
| | - Daniel A Friess
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117570, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Loke Ming Chou
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119227, Singapore
| | - Lynette H L Loke
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Poonam Saksena-Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Nadia Alsagoff
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Thamasak Yeemin
- Marine Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Huamark, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Makamas Sutthacheep
- Marine Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Huamark, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Si Tuan Vo
- Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1 Cau Da, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Viet Nam
| | - Arthur R Bos
- Department of Biology, The American University in Cairo, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt; Taxonomy and Systematics Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Girley S Gumanao
- Marine Biology Department, Davao del Norte State College, New Visayas, 8105 Panabo City, the Philippines
| | - Muhammad Ali Syed Hussein
- Endangered Marine Species Research Unit, Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Zarinah Waheed
- Endangered Marine Species Research Unit, Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - David J W Lane
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 2 Conservatory Drive, Singapore 117377, Singapore
| | - Ofri Johan
- Research Institute for Ornamental Fish Culture, Jl. Perikanan No. 13, Pancoran Mas, Kota Depok, Jawa Barat 16436, Indonesia
| | - Andreas Kunzmann
- Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstr. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jamaluddin Jompa
- Department of Marine Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Daisuke Taira
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Andrew G Bauman
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Peter A Todd
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore.
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Ng C, Goh SG, Saeidi N, Gerhard WA, Gunsch CK, Gin KYH. Occurrence of Vibrio species, beta-lactam resistant Vibrio species, and indicator bacteria in ballast and port waters of a tropical harbor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:651-656. [PMID: 28822933 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ballast water discharges are potential sources for the spread of invasive and pathogenic aquatic organisms. Ballast waters from six ships docked in the Port of Singapore were tested to determine if indictor organisms fell within proposed standards for ballast water discharge according to regulation D-2 of the Ballast Water Management Convention (BWMC) guidelines. Vibrio species were cultured on media supplemented with beta-lactam antibiotics to determine the presence of antibiotic resistant Vibrio species in the ballast waters of these vessels. Indicator organisms were quantified using culture media Colilert-18 and Enterolert in ballast waters of six ships docked in a tropical harbor, with uptake from different geographical locations. Of the six ships, one had ballast water originating from the Persian Gulf, another from the East China Sea, and four from the South China Sea. Two of the six ships which carried ballast waters from the East China Sea and the South China Sea did not meet the D-2 stipulated requirements of the Ballast Water Management Convention for indicator organisms with Enterococci values more than three times higher than the acceptable limit of <100CFU/100mL. Using the most-probable-number-PCR (MPN-PCR) method for Vibrio species detection, non-toxigenic species of V. cholerae (2 MPN/100mL), Vibrio vulnificus (>110 MPN/100mL), and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (2 to >110 MPN/100mL) were detected in at least one of six ballast water samples. Using thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar (TCBS) supplemented with beta-lactam antibiotics (meropenem, ceftazidime), 11 different Vibrio species, exhibiting resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics were isolated; with Vibrio campbellii (44%) and Vibrio alginolyticus (15%) the most detected antibiotic resistant Vibrio species. A practical approach of prioritized screening of high-risk vessels should be conducted to ensure that the water quality meets D-2 standards prior to discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine Ng
- National University of Singapore, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering Drive 1, T-lab Building, TL08-03, 117576, Singapore
| | - Shin Giek Goh
- National University of Singapore, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering Drive 1, T-lab Building, TL08-03, 117576, Singapore
| | - Nazanin Saeidi
- National University of Singapore, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering Drive 1, T-lab Building, TL08-03, 117576, Singapore
| | - William A Gerhard
- Duke University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 100 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC 27708-0287, United States
| | - Claudia K Gunsch
- Duke University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 100 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC 27708-0287, United States
| | - Karina Yew Hoong Gin
- National University of Singapore, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Engineering Drive 1, T-lab Building, TL08-03, 117576, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), Engineering Drive 1, T-lab Building, #02-01, 117576, Singapore.
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