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Allison NL, Dale AC, Narayanaswamy BE, Turrell WR. Investigating local trawl fishing as a source of plastic beach litter. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116627. [PMID: 38968745 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
This paper uses a particle tracking model to simulate the distribution of fishing-related marine-sourced plastic litter from demersal trawling activities along the Atlantic coast of Scotland. The modelled fishing litter dispersed widely across the region, with ∼50% of the particles beaching along the northwestern Scottish coast after a year-long simulation. The model was tuned using observations of beached litter loadings along the same coastline to estimate the annual input, by mass, of small (<1 kg) plastic litter. Model results suggest that between 107 g and 280 g of small fishing-related litter enters the ocean per hour of fishing, resulting in an estimated 234 t to 614 t of small fishing-related litter entering the ocean annually on the Scottish west coast. These results suggest that fishing on the Atlantic coast of Scotland may be a significant source of marine plastic. However, more modelled and observational data are required to reduce uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Allison
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban PA37 1QA, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew C Dale
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban PA37 1QA, United Kingdom
| | - Bhavani E Narayanaswamy
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban PA37 1QA, United Kingdom
| | - William R Turrell
- Scottish Government Marine Directorate, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, United Kingdom
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2
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Salinas CX, Palacios E, Pozo K, Torres M, Rebolledo L, Gómez V, Rondón R, de la Maza I, Galbán C. Marine litter pollution in a subantarctic beach of the Strait of Magellan, Punta Arenas, Chile. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116313. [PMID: 38593713 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed the presence of marine litter along the beach of the city of Punta Arenas, Chile. The sampling period coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 239 plastic waste items were identified out of a total of 638 litter items. The Clean Coast Index reported within this study ranged from Clean (CCI 2-5) to Extremely dirty (CCI >20), especially near the port. The majority of litter items has been classified as originating from varied origins, as it is not possible to pinpoint a precise origin in most items. The results indicate that the predominant plastic litter in Punta Arenas is PVC. The results are discussed in relation to the sources and composition of the residues, the morpho dynamics of the coast, and the CCI is compared with other locations around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ximena Salinas
- Instituto Antártico Chileno, Plaza Benjamín Muñoz Gamero 1055, Punta Arenas, Chile; Universidad de Magallanes, Facultad de Ciencias, Presidente. Manuel Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas, Chile.
| | - Elaine Palacios
- Universidad de Magallanes, Facultad de Ciencias, Presidente. Manuel Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Karla Pozo
- Universidad San Sebastián, Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile; Masaryk University, Faculty of Science (RECETOX), Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mariett Torres
- Universidad San Sebastián, Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile
| | - Lorena Rebolledo
- Instituto Antártico Chileno, Plaza Benjamín Muñoz Gamero 1055, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Victoria Gómez
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science (RECETOX), Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rodolfo Rondón
- Instituto Antártico Chileno, Plaza Benjamín Muñoz Gamero 1055, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Ignacia de la Maza
- Universidad San Sebastián, Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile
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3
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Clark AI, Nanninga GB. Coastal groynes reduce beach litter accumulation along the East coast of England. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116342. [PMID: 38626635 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic marine litter (AML) is a global environmental concern. One of the most conspicuous effects of AML is beach litter accumulation, the distribution of which is typically heterogenous. Little information is available on the potential effects of coastal topographic features on litter dispersal. We analysed the abundance, composition, and sources of beach litter on the East coast of England in relation to the presence of coastal groyne structures. Six beaches were surveyed in autumn and winter 2021 using the OSPAR methodology for monitoring beach litter. Litter abundance was lower on beaches with groynes present, which could infer that groynes deflect or bury AML. The presence of groynes had no significant effect on the composition/sources of beach litter. Single-use plastic packaging, fishing waste, and sewage-related debris were the largest contributors of beach litter in this region. Our findings indicate that man-made topographic features may affect marine litter dispersal and coastal accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I Clark
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
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Hassan HO, Ayeta EG, Ibrahim AA, Omar MF, Abdi SM, Houmed YK, Dirie AM, Faseyi CA. The first assessment of marine litter on somalian coast: The case of Liido Beach, mogadishu. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26593. [PMID: 38420493 PMCID: PMC10901002 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the first assessment of marine litter in the Mogadishu coastal area of Somalia. Samples were collected monthly using 100 m × 40 m transect and classified following OSPAR Marine Litter Survey Guide while litter sources were identified using Ocean Conservancy Marine Debris Index. The results showed a total of 119873 items consisting of plastics (89.47%), clothing items (7.53%), and others (3.00%) recovered from Liido Beach. Litter density ranged from 2.19 items/m2 to 14.18 items/m2 with a mean of 6.25 items/m2 and Clean Coast Index (CCI) suggesting that Liido Beach is extremely dirty (>20 items/m2). In addition, the primary sources of marine litter at the beach are local recreational and shoreline activities (54.12%), and dumping (36.61%). The dominance of plastic litter on the beach poses potential threats to marine biodiversity in the Somalia coastal area and the West Indian Ocean. It is recommended that effective strategies and solutions to mitigate litter on the beach and other coastal areas in Somalia should be developed and compensated with public education and awareness campaigns across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emuobonuvie G Ayeta
- Centre for Coastal Management, Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | | | | | | | | | - Abdulrahman M Dirie
- Green Climate Fund Readiness Project, Global Water Partnerships Africa, Somalia
| | - Charles A Faseyi
- Centre for Coastal Management, Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
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Marcus L, Mardones JI, Rioseco JT, Pinochet J, Montes C, Corredor-Acosta A, Moreno-Meynard P, Garcés-Vargas J, Jorquera E, Iriarte JL, Urbina MA. Evidence of plastic pollution from offshore oceanic sources in southern Chilean Patagonian fjords. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168706. [PMID: 37992835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The Chilean Patagonian fjords are globally renowned as one of the few remaining pristine environments on Earth; however, their ecosystems are under significant threat from climatic and anthropogenic pressures. Of particular concern is the lack of research into the impact of plastic pollution on the waters and biodiversity of these fjords. In this study, the marine environment of a secluded and sparsely populated fjord system in southern Patagonia was sampled to assess microplastics in seawater, beaches, bottom sediment, and zooplankton. Microplastics were found to be widespread across the water surface of the fjord, but with low abundances of 0.01 ± 0.01 particles m-3 (mean ± SD). The presence of microplastics in sedimentary environments (e.g., beaches and bottom sediments, 15.6 ± 15.3 and 9.8 ± 24 particles kg of dry sediment-1, respectively) provided additional evidence of plastic debris accumulation within the fjord system. Furthermore, microplastics were already bioavailable to key zooplankton species of the Patagonian food web (0.01 ± 0.02 particles individual-1), suggesting bioaccumulation. A comprehensive examination of potential microplastic inputs originating from coastal runoff, coupled with distribution of water masses, suggested minimal local contribution of microplastics to the fjord, strongly indicating that plastic litter is likely entering the area through oceanic currents. The composition and type of microplastics, primarily consisting of polyester fibers (approx. 60 %), provided further support for the proposed distant origin and transportation into the fjord by oceanographic drivers. These results raise significant concern as reveal that despite a lack of nearby population, industrial or agricultural activity, remote Patagonian fjords are still impacted by plastic pollution originating from distant sources. Prioritizing monitoring efforts is crucial for effectively assessing the future trends and ecological impact of plastic pollution in these once so-called pristine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Marcus
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lago Panguipulli 1390, 5501842 Puerto Montt, Chile.
| | - Jorge I Mardones
- Centro de Estudios de Algas Nocivas (CREAN), Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Puerto Montt, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad (CIRENYS), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jazmin Toledo Rioseco
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Javier Pinochet
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile.; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de La Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Caroline Montes
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Laboratory of Marine Environmental Monitoring Research (LAPMAR), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Andrea Corredor-Acosta
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | | | - José Garcés-Vargas
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Erika Jorquera
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de La Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - José Luis Iriarte
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Mauricio A Urbina
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile.; Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía (IMO), Universidad de Concepción, PO Box 1313, Concepción, Chile
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Ramilo-Henry M, Umbelina B, Matilde E, Duncan EM. Plastic pollution on remote islands: A baseline study of Príncipe, Gulf of Guinea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 191:106181. [PMID: 37738737 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Plastic is the most abundant marine anthropogenic debris in the ocean and is of serious global environmental concern. Projects aimed at monitoring plastic pollution quantities are key in evaluating the success of reduction. This study provides baseline information on the quantities of marine debris found on the island of Príncipe in the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic coast of Central Africa. A total of 13,196 items were collected with 64.5% of these items being plastic. Plastic pieces the size of 2.5-50 cm made up 20.8% of all plastic items, followed by plastic bags (13.3%) and fishing material (11.39%). The density of mesoplastic items (<25 and >5mm) ranged between 0 and 6.78 items m-2. Beach location, community presence, and beach level (for turtle-nesting beaches) were important factors in explaining differences in plastic abundance and density around the island. Our results highlight the significance of high plastic pollution accumulation on remote islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maguiña Ramilo-Henry
- Fundação Príncipe, a Registered Charity in São Tomé and Príncipe, Rua Horta Cana, Santo António, Príncipe, Island, São Tomé and Príncipe, South Africa.
| | - Belzamiel Umbelina
- Fundação Príncipe, a Registered Charity in São Tomé and Príncipe, Rua Horta Cana, Santo António, Príncipe, Island, São Tomé and Príncipe, South Africa
| | - Estrela Matilde
- Fundação Príncipe, a Registered Charity in São Tomé and Príncipe, Rua Horta Cana, Santo António, Príncipe, Island, São Tomé and Príncipe, South Africa
| | - Emily M Duncan
- Fundação Príncipe, a Registered Charity in São Tomé and Príncipe, Rua Horta Cana, Santo António, Príncipe, Island, São Tomé and Príncipe, South Africa; Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, United Kingdom
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7
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Allison NL, Dale AC, Turrell WR, Narayanaswamy BE. Modelled and observed plastic pollution on remote Scottish beaches: The importance of local marine sources. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115341. [PMID: 37595333 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Beach-cleans conducted on the west coast of Scotland investigated the distribution of land- and marine-sourced litter and compared these with a particle tracking model representing the presumed principal land-based source. Modelled particles dispersed widely, even reaching the remote northwest coast, with 'hotspots' and 'coldspots' on windward and leeward coasts respectively. In beach sampling, however, land-sourced litter represented only 19% of items by count and 8% by weight, while marine-sourced litter represented 46% by count and 62% by weight. The source of the remainder could not be identified. Windward coasts had an average count of 1859 litter items per 100 m, and weight of 14,862 g per 100 m. Leeward coasts had an average count of 32 litter items per 100 m and weight of 738 g per 100 m. Field observations and model predictions were consistent in many respects for land-sourced litter, however marine-sourced litter is dominant on many coastlines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Allison
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban PA37 1QA, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew C Dale
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban PA37 1QA, United Kingdom
| | - William R Turrell
- Marine Scotland Science, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, United Kingdom
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Rech S, Arias RM, Vadell S, Gordon D, Thiel M. Daily accumulation rates of floating debris and attached biota on continental and oceanic island shores in the SE Pacific: testing predictions based on global models. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15550. [PMID: 37525658 PMCID: PMC10387232 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long-distance rafting on anthropogenic marine debris (AMD) is thought to have a significant impact on global marine biogeography and the dispersal of non-indigenous species. Therefore, early identification of arrival sites of AMD and its epibionts is crucial for the prioritization of preventive measures. As accumulation patterns along global coastlines are largely unstudied, we tested if existing oceanographic models and knowledge about upstream sources of litter and epibionts can be used as a simple and cost-efficient approach for predicting probable arrival sites of AMD-rafting biota in coastal zones. Methods Using the Southeast Pacific as a model system, we studied daily accumulation rates, composition, and minimum floating times of AMD with and without epibionts on seven sandy beaches, covering the oceanic environment (Rapa Nui/Easter Island) and three regions (south, centre, north) along the Chilean continental coast, over a minimum of 10 consecutive days, and we contrast our results with predictions from published models. Results Total AMD accumulation rates varied from 56 ± 36 (mean ± standard deviation) to 388 ± 433 items km-1 d-1 and differed strongly between regions, in accordance with local geomorphology and socioeconomic conditions (presence of larger cities and rivers upstream, main economic activities, etc.). Daily accumulation of items with pelagic epibionts (indicators of a pelagic trajectory) ranged from 46 ± 29 (Rapa Nui) to 0.0 items km-1 d-1 (northern continental region). Minimum floating times of rafts, as estimated from the size of pelagic epibionts, were longest in the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre's (SPSG) centre region, followed by the high-latitude continental region under the influence of the onshore West Wind Drift, and decreased along the continental alongshore upwelling current, towards lower latitudes. Apart from pelagic rafters, a wide range of benthic epibionts, including invasive and cryptogenic species, was found on rafts at the continental beaches. Similarly, we present another record of local benthic corals Pocillopora sp., on Rapa Nui rafts. Discussion Our results agree with the predictions made by recent models based on the prevailing wind and surface current regimes, with high frequencies of long-distance rafting in the oceanic SPSG centre and very low frequencies along the continental coast. These findings confirm the suitability of such models in predicting arrival hotspots of AMD and rafting species. Moreover, storm surges as well as site-related factors seem to influence AMD arrival patterns along the Chilean continental coast and might cause the observed high variability between sampling sites and days. Our results highlight the possible importance of rafting as a vector of along-shore dispersal and range expansions along the SE Pacific continental coast and add to the discussion about its role in benthic species dispersal between South Pacific oceanic islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Rech
- Departamento de Biologia Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Center for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands ESMOI, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Rene Matias Arias
- Departamento de Biologia Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Simón Vadell
- Departamento de Biologia Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Dennis Gordon
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Kilbirnie, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Martin Thiel
- Departamento de Biologia Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Center for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands ESMOI, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile
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Sánchez-García N, Sanz-Lázaro C. Darwin's paradise contaminated by marine debris. Understanding their sources and accumulation dynamics. ☆. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121310. [PMID: 36804143 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a global environmental threat. Remote and pristine islands are not safe from this threat. Here, we estimated beach macro- (>25 mm), meso- (5-25 mm) and microdebris (<5 mm) levels in Galapagos and studied the role of environmental variables determining their accumulation. The vast majority of beach macro- and mesodebris were plastic, while most microdebris were cellulosic. The levels of beach macro-, meso- and microplastics were notably high and comparable with exceptional levels reported in contaminated areas. Oceanic currents and the anthropic pressure of use of the beach were the main factors that determined the level of macro- and mesoplastics, as well as the diversity of items, with more types of items in the beaches facing the predominant current. Microplastic levels were mainly driven by the slope and, to some extent, the grain size of the sediment in the beach. The absence of relationship between the levels of large size debris and the level of microplastics suggests that secondary microplastics that accumulated in the beaches were previously fragmented before arriving to the beach. This differential influence of environmental factors in the accumulation of marine debris according to their size should be taken into account when developing strategies to mitigate plastic pollution. Additionally, this study reports high levels of marine debris reported in a remote and protected area such as Galapagos, which are comparable to areas with direct sources of marine debris. This is especially worrying for Galapagos since the sampled beaches are cleaned at least annually. This fact highlights the global dimension of this environmental threat that demands further extensive international commitment to conserve some of the last paradises on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sánchez-García
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies (MIES), Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain; Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Carlos Sanz-Lázaro
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies (MIES), Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain; Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain.
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10
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Weidlich S, Lenz M. Abundance, composition and sources of beach litter on the Cape Verdean island São Vicente. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114258. [PMID: 36330934 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study represents the first assessment of beach litter on an island of the west African archipelagic state of Cape Verde. On five beaches of São Vicente, litter was collected along transects and classified according to the OSPAR protocol, with the Matrix Scoring Technique used to allocate it to four sources. Beach litter on São Vicente is highly variable in both amount and composition, while land- and sea-based sources contribute to litter loads to different extents depending on the use and geographic orientation of the beach. Four of the five surveyed beaches exhibited litter loads that were similar to pollution levels previously described for other oceanic islands, while a north-eastern-facing beach featured exceptionally high loads. This was presumably because it receives litter from distant sources due to its exposure to a major ocean surface current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Weidlich
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mark Lenz
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Marine Ecology Department, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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11
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Ansari M, Farzadkia M. Beach debris quantity and composition around the world: A bibliometric and systematic review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 178:113637. [PMID: 35397342 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pollution of marine ecosystems caused by beach debris has become a serious environmental concern in the last few decades. Regarding the raising production of beach debris, the present work aimed to summarize the quantity and quality of beach debris reported from different beach areas of the world. Also, a bibliometric analysis was used to analyze research trends and upgrade knowledge in this research area. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), the eligible papers reviewed regarding beach debris abundance along with their composition from 2010, which were extracted from the Scopus database. The results of the study showed that plastic items represented the dominant material (61.25%), followed by food (5.88%), wood (5.78%), metals (5.2%), and glass (5%). Further, the beaches studied were classified into three degrees, including highly polluted (31.5 items/m2), moderate polluted (3.47 items/m2), and low polluted (0.37 items/m2), based on the average abundance of debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ansari
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Farzadkia
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Montalva F, Pavés H, Pérez-Venegas D, Barrientos E KG, Valencia C, Miranda-Urbina D, Seguel M. Lower marine productivity increases agonistic interactions between sea lions and fur seals in Northern Pacific Patagonia. Curr Zool 2022; 68:657-666. [PMID: 36864890 PMCID: PMC9972520 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecific interactions are key drivers of individual and population-level fitness in a wide range of animals. However, in marine ecosystems, it is relatively unknown which biotic and abiotic factors impact behavioral interactions between competing species. We assessed the impact of weather, marine productivity, and population structure on the behavioral agonistic interactions between South American fur seals (SAFSs), Arctocephalus australis, and South American sea lions (SASLs), Otaria byronia, in a breeding colony of SAFS. We hypothesized that agonistic interactions between SAFSs and SASLs respond to biotic and abiotic factors such as SAFS population structure, marine productivity, and weather. We found that SASL and SAFS interactions almost always resulted in negative impacts on the social structure or reproductive success of the SAFS colony. SASL adult males initiated stampedes of SAFS and/or abducted and predated SAFS pups. Adult SAFS males abundance and severe weather events were negatively correlated with agonistic interactions between species. However, proxies for lower marine productivity such as higher sea surface temperature and lower catches of demerso-pelagic fish were the most important predictors of more frequent agonistic interactions between SAFS and SASL. Under the current scenario of decline in marine biomass due to global climate change and overfishing, agonistic interactions between competing marine predators could increase and exacerbate the negative impacts of environmental change in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Montalva
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hector Pavés
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Osorno, Chile
| | - Diego Pérez-Venegas
- Centro de Investigación y Gestión de Recursos Naturales (CIGREN), Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Karin G Barrientos E
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agrarias, Escuela de Graduados de la, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Alimentarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carola Valencia
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Sede Patagonia, Universidad San Sebastian, Puerto Montt, Chile
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13
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Perez-Venegas DJ, Valenzuela-Sánchez A, Montalva F, Pavés H, Seguel M, Wilcox C, Galbán-Malagón C. Towards understanding the effects of oceanic plastic pollution on population growth for a South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis australis) colony in Chile. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 279:116881. [PMID: 33751948 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement of pinnipeds with plastic debris is an emerging conservation and animal welfare issue worldwide. However, the origins and long-term population level consequences of these entanglements are usually unknown. Plastic entanglement could produce a combination of wounds, asphyxiation, or inability to feed that results in the death of a certain percentage of individuals from the total population. In this research, we report on the consequent effect of plastic entanglement on population growth demographics in a South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis australis) colony on Guafo Island, southern Chile. Using a stochastic matrix population model structured according to age and sex, and assuming an otherwise stable population, we explored population growth rates under five scenarios with differing rates of entanglement: A) a zero rate of plastic entanglement, B) entanglement rates (number of entangled individuals as a proportion of the total number of individuals) as observed in our study population (overall entanglement ratio of 1.2 × 10-3); and for the other scenarios, entanglement ratios as reported in the literature for other pinniped colonies around the world: C) 3.04 × 10-3, D) 4.42 × 10-2, and E) 8.39 × 10-2. Over the 30 years forecasting period and starting with a population size of ∼2950 individuals, the population growth rate was lower under all scenarios with rates of entanglement greater than zero (scenarios B-E). In comparison with scenario A, at the end of the 30-year period forecasted, we calculated a projected decrease in population size of between 20.34% (scenario B) and 91.38% (scenario E). These results suggest that even the lowest levels of entanglement in pinnipeds as reported in the literature might have significant effects over time on population-level dynamics. Our research offers potential insight when devising policy for the management and limitation of plastic pollution in the oceans, and indeed for the conservation and management policy of affected marine species. Furthermore, whilst there are some limitations to our methodology, it offers a straightforward and potentially useful approach for the standardized prediction of impacts at a population level of different rates of plastic pollution and entanglement and could be applied in distinct populations of the same species around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Joaquín Perez-Venegas
- Programa de Doctorado en Medicina de La Conservación, Facultad de Cs de La Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Valenzuela-Sánchez
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; ONG Ranita de Darwin, Santiago & Valdivia, Chile; Centro de Investigación para La Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Montalva
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor Pavés
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Los Carrera 753, Osorno, Chile
| | - Mauricio Seguel
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Wilcox
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
| | - Cristóbal Galbán-Malagón
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile.
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14
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Grillo AC, Mello TJ. Marine debris in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, a remote oceanic marine protected area in tropical SW Atlantic. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:112021. [PMID: 33515831 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine debris is widespread worldwide, from coastal areas to remote protected oceanic islands. We assessed marine macro-debris on the shores of Fernando de Noronha, an archipelago 360 km off Brazil that encompasses no-take and multiple-use areas. The windward uninhabited coast, more exposed to oceanic currents and winds and inside a no-take area, presented higher abundance of plastic debris. The leeward coast, within the multiple-use urban area, presented more disposable plastics and cigarette butts. These patterns may be explained by the marine debris transportation by ocean currents to the windward side and by locally generated debris by the high quantity of beach users in the leeward coast. These results indicate that oceanographic characteristics and tourism infrastructure play important roles in the accumulation of marine debris in a protected archipelago. They also serve as a baseline for future monitoring initiatives and to improve strategies to tackle plastic pollution within this remote archipelago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Grillo
- Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Alameda do Boldró, s/n, Boldró, 53990-000 Fernando de Noronha, PE, Brazil.
| | - Thayná Jeremias Mello
- Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Alameda do Boldró, s/n, Boldró, 53990-000 Fernando de Noronha, PE, Brazil; Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Via Costeira S/N, 59014-002 Natal, RN, Brazil.
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15
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Santos AA, Nobre FSDM, Ribeiro F, Nilin J. Initial beach litter survey in a conservation unit (Santa Isabel Biological Reserve, Sergipe) from northeast Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 153:111015. [PMID: 32275561 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the presence and distribution of litter on four beaches in a conservation unit in northeast Brazil (Santa Isabel Biological Reserve; SIBR), and at the tourist beach of Pirambu (PB). Samplings occurred during low tide in March 2018 and May 2018. We observed that PB contained a higher number of litter items (March = 12.5 ± 1.2 items m-1; May = 6.1 ± 2.1 items m-1) when compared to SIBR beaches with a general average of 1.7 ± 0.8 items·m-1 (March) and 2.1 ± 1.1 items·m-1 (May). Plastics were the most quantified items (~ 80% in PB and ~ 90% in SIBR). SIBR beaches were considered moderately clean. Despite access restriction on the SIBR beaches, the considerable amount of litter found in those beaches (mainly near the villages) calls attention to the importance of waste management improvements in Sergipe cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Alice Santos
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon s/n, CEP 49.100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva de Melo Nobre
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon s/n, CEP 49.100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Fabianne Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia e CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jeamylle Nilin
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, rua Ceará s/n Bloco 2D, sala 28, CEP 38405-302 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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16
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Perez-Venegas DJ, Toro-Valdivieso C, Ayala F, Brito B, Iturra L, Arriagada M, Seguel M, Barrios C, Sepúlveda M, Oliva D, Cárdenas-Alayza S, Urbina MA, Jorquera A, Castro-Nallar E, Galbán-Malagón C. Monitoring the occurrence of microplastic ingestion in Otariids along the Peruvian and Chilean coasts. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 153:110966. [PMID: 32275526 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Repeated reports of microplastic pollution in the marine pinniped diet have emerged in the last years. However, only few studies address the drivers of microplastics presence and the potential implications for monitoring microplastic pollution in the ocean. This study monitored their in the scats (N = 205) of four pinniped species/subspecies at five different locations in the southern Pacific Ocean (Peru and Chile). Samples from all rookeries contained microplastics, and overall, 68% of the examined scats contained fragments/fibers, mostly blue colored. We confirmed that 81.5% of the fragments/fibers were anthropogenic in origin , but only 30% were polymers. Scats from Juan Fernández Archipelago presented higher microplastic concentrations than continental rookeries. Also, the common diet in each location may influence the levels found in the samples. This study presents a useful non-invasive technique to track plastic pollution in top predator diets as bioindicators for future surveillance/management plans applied to different location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego J Perez-Venegas
- Programa de Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Félix Ayala
- Centro para la Sostenibilidad Ambiental, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Lunna Iturra
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maite Arriagada
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Seguel
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Carmen Barrios
- Centro de Investigación y Gestión de Recursos Naturales (CIGREN), Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Núcleo Milenio de Salmónidos Invasores (INVASAL), Chile
| | - Maritza Sepúlveda
- Centro de Investigación y Gestión de Recursos Naturales (CIGREN), Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Núcleo Milenio de Salmónidos Invasores (INVASAL), Chile
| | - Doris Oliva
- Centro de Investigación y Gestión de Recursos Naturales (CIGREN), Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Susana Cárdenas-Alayza
- Centro para la Sostenibilidad Ambiental, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Mauricio A Urbina
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile; Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía (IMO), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alberto Jorquera
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Eduardo Castro-Nallar
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristóbal Galbán-Malagón
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile.
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17
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S K, S A, K K, P S, S A, S S. Assessment of plastic debris in remote islands of the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 151:110841. [PMID: 32056634 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
An attempt was made in during August 2018 to study the plastic debris present in beach sediments at the remote islands of the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India. The maximum number of plastic debris was noticed in the North and Middle Andaman Island sector and the Nicobar Island sector. White, irregular shaped polyethylene and polypropylene debris were the predominant plastic varieties found in the study area. The plastic litters disposed in the marine environment could be carried away by currents, which then circulate around the island and finally reach the coastal areas of the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago. The plastic litter was contributed from tourist, shipping activities and improper handling of solid wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnakumar S
- Institute for Ocean Management, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India.
| | - Anbalagan S
- Institute for Ocean Management, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Kasilingam K
- Department of Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Smrithi P
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Anbazhagi S
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India.
| | - Srinivasalu S
- Institute for Ocean Management, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
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18
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Schöneich-Argent RI, Hillmann F, Cordes D, Wansing RAD, Merder J, Freund JA, Freund H. Wind, waves, tides, and human error? - Influences on litter abundance and composition on German North Sea coastlines: An exploratory analysis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:155-172. [PMID: 31426143 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Being globally and locally prevalent, beach litter has been monitored at 29 sites along the German North Sea coastline. This study offers an exploratory analysis of data from 1991 to 2016. Schleswig-Holstein exhibited lower mean litter pollution levels than Lower Saxony, possibly because the locations in Lower Saxony are situated along the main coastal current, whereas the North Frisian Islands act as a barrier for the mainland sites in Schleswig-Holstein. Locations close to the Elbe estuary had significantly larger amounts of debris, likely receiving litter from marine and riverine sources. No clear overall pattern in litter abundance or composition could be detected. Significant quantitative similarities between debris types were inconsistent. The effect of wind, tides, and exposure appeared to be marginal. Recurring data inconsistencies, gaps, and outliers were partly attributed to human error. This could be reduced through hypothesis-driven monitoring with a simpler litter classification and continuous data checking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Isabel Schöneich-Argent
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Geoecology, ICBM-Terramare, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
| | - Frank Hillmann
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Geoecology, ICBM-Terramare, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Daniel Cordes
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Theoretical Physics (Complex Systems), Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Raphael Andreas Daniel Wansing
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Theoretical Physics (Complex Systems), Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Julian Merder
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Theoretical Physics (Complex Systems), Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jan Alfred Freund
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Theoretical Physics (Complex Systems), Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Holger Freund
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Geoecology, ICBM-Terramare, Schleusenstr. 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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19
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Ghaffari S, Bakhtiari AR, Ghasempouri SM, Nasrolahi A. The influence of human activity and morphological characteristics of beaches on plastic debris distribution along the Caspian Sea as a closed water body. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:25712-25724. [PMID: 31267384 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05790-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Caspian Sea is the largest land-locked lake in the world that includes numerous endemic species. Because of its enclosed nature, the pollutants entering this water body become entrapped. The present paper examines the influence of human activity and beach morphology on the abundance and distribution of stranded plastic debris along the Caspian Sea coastlines. It would be possible by relating some characteristics of these beaches (population, urbanization, substrate type, and slope of beaches) with the abundance of plastic debris through a PCo analysis. The results showed that in our study area, the most effective factors on plastic debris distribution were urbanization and population followed by the slope and substrate of beaches. Three size classes of plastic debris were defined as "large microplastic" (1 to < 5 mm), "mesoplastic" (5 to < 25 mm), and "macroplastic" (> 25 mm). The density of the large microplastic, mesoplastic, and macroplastic materials on the Caspian Sea coastline was 8.43 ± 0.54, 8.74 ± 0.42, and 7.53 ± 0.30 particles/m2, respectively. Foam was the most abundant microplastic debris along the study area (47.58%), followed by resin pellets (33.93%) and fragments (16.30%), respectively. We also selected the Boujagh National Park with limited accessibility as an appropriate area for the study of marine debris as one sampling station. Cigarette butts and film pieces displayed a different distribution pattern compared to other debris types in the Boujagh National Park station likely due to their distinct buoyancy specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Ghaffari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Ghasempouri
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Ali Nasrolahi
- Department of Aquatic Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
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20
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Pieper C, Amaral-Zettler L, Law KL, Loureiro CM, Martins A. Application of Matrix Scoring Techniques to evaluate marine debris sources in the remote islands of the Azores Archipelago. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 249:666-675. [PMID: 30933764 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Three-quarters of all marine debris (MD) consists of plastic, a reflection of their worldwide use, production and waste mismanagement. Data on MD distributions can improve our ability to effectively reduce debris that escapes onto shorelines and the ocean. In this study, the Matrix Scoring Technique (Marine Strategy Framework Directive Technical Group on Marine Litter) was applied as an approach to calculate the likelihood of single debris items originating from a series of potential sources. Factors considered were: identity and function of debris, beach location, influential activities, "mix" of debris found, presence of indicator items, and quantity of MD. The standing-stock (abundance and composition) of MD was investigated in two sandy beaches (Conceição and Porto Pim) of the Azores Archipelago (NE Atlantic) for the period 2012-2018. The results of this study show promise towards the implementation of a new classification method to determine beach debris sources in remote open-ocean areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Pieper
- University of the Azores, CIBIO InBIO - Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources and OKEANOS, Centre for Research and Development at the University of the Azores, Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, Rua Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado, Horta, Azores, 9901-862, Portugal.
| | - Linda Amaral-Zettler
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, Den Burg, 1790 AB, the Netherlands.
| | - Kara Lavender Law
- Sea Education Association, P.O. Box 6, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA.
| | - Clara Magalhães Loureiro
- University of the Azores and OKEANOS, Centre for Research and Development at the University of the Azores, Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, Rua Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado, Horta, Azores, 9901-862, Portugal.
| | - Ana Martins
- University of the Azores and OKEANOS, Centre for Research and Development at the University of the Azores, Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, Rua Prof. Dr. Frederico Machado, Horta, Azores, 9901-862, Portugal.
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21
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Pozo K, Gomez V, Torres M, Vera L, Nuñez D, Oyarzún P, Mendoza G, Clarke B, Fossi MC, Baini M, Přibylová P, Klánová J. Presence and characterization of microplastics in fish of commercial importance from the Biobío region in central Chile. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 140:315-319. [PMID: 30803650 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study we have identified and characterized microplastic particles (MPs) found in six fish species of commercial importance in central Chile. The fish species belong to different trophic levels and were obtained from the oceanic and coastal habitats. To analyze MPs, the fish gastrointestinal content was extracted, analyzed and characterized using a microscopy equipped with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The MPs found in fish samples were mainly constituted by red microfibers (70-100%) with sizes ranging between 176 and 2842 μm. Polyester, polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were identified as the prevalent polymers detected. The coastal species showed the presence of microfibers with a higher size and abundance (71%) compared to oceanic species (29%), suggesting there is a greater exposure risk. These findings are consistent with results found in other investigations worldwide. However, further research is still needed to accurately establish the potential exposure risk for the public consuming these fish and the impact of MPs in the Chilean fishery activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Pozo
- RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Victoria Gomez
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mariett Torres
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luciano Vera
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile
| | - Dariela Nuñez
- Centro de Investigación de Polímeros Avanzados, Avenida Collao 1202, Edificio Laboratorio CIPA, Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricio Oyarzún
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigación Pesquera S.A. (INPESCA) Región del Biobío, Avenida Cristobal Colón 2780, Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Bradley Clarke
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation (EnSuRe), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Baini
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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22
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Honorato-Zimmer D, Kruse K, Knickmeier K, Weinmann A, Hinojosa IA, Thiel M. Inter-hemispherical shoreline surveys of anthropogenic marine debris - A binational citizen science project with schoolchildren. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 138:464-473. [PMID: 30660296 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic marine debris (AMD) is a global problem and the identification of its sources is essential for adequate mitigation strategies. Herein we examined whether AMD density and composition differed between two countries with contrasting socio-economic backgrounds and marine litter sources (i.e. Chile and Germany). In nationwide beach litter surveys, we used a citizen science approach with schoolchildren and their teachers. Litter densities were substantially higher in Chile than in Germany. The different geographic zones surveyed in both countries showed strong grouping tendencies according to their main economic activities (tourism, shipping, fisheries/aquaculture), major litter sources, and AMD composition, in terms of dominance and diversity of AMD types. The results suggest that beach litter composition can be used as a simple proxy to identify AMD sources, and also that law enforcement and education can help mitigate the problem; however, for efficient solutions, production and consumption of plastics must be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Honorato-Zimmer
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo #1281, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Katrin Kruse
- Kieler Forschungswerkstatt, University of Kiel and Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education (IPN), Kiel, Germany
| | - Katrin Knickmeier
- Kieler Forschungswerkstatt, University of Kiel and Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education (IPN), Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Weinmann
- Kieler Forschungswerkstatt, University of Kiel and Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education (IPN), Kiel, Germany
| | - Ivan A Hinojosa
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo #1281, Coquimbo, Chile; Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ecología & Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Alonso de Ribera #2850, Concepción, Chile
| | - Martin Thiel
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo #1281, Coquimbo, Chile; Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Larrondo #1281, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile.
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23
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Perez-Venegas DJ, Seguel M, Pavés H, Pulgar J, Urbina M, Ahrendt C, Galbán-Malagón C. First detection of plastic microfibers in a wild population of South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) in the Chilean Northern Patagonia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 136:50-54. [PMID: 30509835 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The dramatic increase of microplastics (plastic fragments <5 mm) in marine environments is a problem that has attracted public attention globally. Within the different types of microplastics, microfibres are the least studied (size <1 mm). We examined 51 female scats from a population in Northern Patagonia. Our results showed no presence of microplastic particles, however 67% of them showed a remarkable abundance of microfibers, which until now had only been reported in animals fed in captivity. As a result of this work we propose that the examination of scats from South American Fur Seal and also other pinnipeds could be an efficient tool to monitor environmental levels of microfibres and maybe microplastics in the environment due to the easy recognition of the animals and their scats.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Perez-Venegas
- Programa de Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Dpto. Ecología & Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Seguel
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - H Pavés
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Osorno, Chile
| | - J Pulgar
- Dpto. Ecología & Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Urbina
- Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - C Ahrendt
- Dpto. Ecología & Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Plastic Oceans Foundation, Malibu, CA, USA
| | - C Galbán-Malagón
- Dpto. Ecología & Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Fundación MERI, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile; Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
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24
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Valderrama Ballesteros L, Matthews JL, Hoeksema BW. Pollution and coral damage caused by derelict fishing gear on coral reefs around Koh Tao, Gulf of Thailand. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 135:1107-1116. [PMID: 30301009 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Most lost fishing gear is made of non-biodegradable plastics that may sink to the sea floor or drift around in currents. It may remain unnoticed until it shows up on coral reefs, beaches and in other coastal habitats. Stony corals have fragile skeletons and soft tissues that can easily become damaged when they get in contact with lost fishing gear. During a dive survey around Koh Tao, a small island in the Gulf of Thailand, the impact of lost fishing gear (nets, ropes, cages, lines) was studied on corals representing six different growth forms: branching, encrusting, foliaceous, free-living, laminar, and massive. Most gear (>95%) contained plastic. Besides absence of damage (ND), three categories of coral damage were assessed: fresh tissue loss (FTL), tissue loss with algal growth (TLAG), and fragmentation (FR). The position of the corals in relation to the fishing gear was recorded as either growing underneath (Un) or on top (On), whereas corals adjacent to the gear (Ad) were used as controls. Nets formed the dominant type of lost gear, followed by ropes, lines and cages, respectively. Branching corals were most commonly found in contact with the gear and also around it. Tubastraea micranthus was the most commonly encountered coral species, either Un, On, or Ad. Corals underneath gear showed most damage, which predominantly consisted of tissue loss. Fragmentation was less common than expected, which may be related to the low fragility of T. micranthus as dominant branching species. Even if nets serve as substrate for corals, it is recommended to remove them from reefs, where they form a major component of the plastic pollution and cause damage to corals and other reef organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bert W Hoeksema
- Taxonomy and Systematics Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands.; Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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25
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Krishnakumar S, Srinivasalu S, Saravanan P, Vidyasakar A, Magesh NS. A preliminary study on coastal debris in Nallathanni Island, Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve, Southeast coast of India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 131:547-551. [PMID: 29886981 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nine sampling stations were fixed to carry out the preliminary investigation on coastal debris from Nallathanni island, Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve, Southeast coast of India. The coastal debris were separated and identified using hand picking, visual identification and microscopic studies. The coastal areas of the study region were less dominated by micro plastic contamination. The coastal debris was dominated by polyethylene bottles and fibrous fishnet materials. The distribution of the coastal debris along the coastal region is chiefly controlled by winnowing action of sea waves and Aeolian action along the berm region.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krishnakumar
- Department of Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
| | - S Srinivasalu
- Institute for Ocean Management, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
| | - P Saravanan
- Department of Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - A Vidyasakar
- Department of Geology, Periyar University PG Extension Centre, Dharmapuri 636701, India
| | - N S Magesh
- Department of Geology, Anna University, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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26
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Cardozo ALP, Farias EGG, Rodrigues-Filho JL, Moteiro IB, Scandolo TM, Dantas DV. Feeding ecology and ingestion of plastic fragments by Priacanthus arenatus: What's the fisheries contribution to the problem? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 130:19-27. [PMID: 29866546 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Atlantic Bigeye (Priacanthus arenatus) is a demersal species from the Priacanthidae family with little literature relating to its biology and catch aspects. Due to this lack of research, the focus of this effort was to describe the feeding preferences of Atlantic Bigeye and to evaluate the influence of plastic debris derived from the local fisheries activities on its diet. The most important items were Corophiidae, Penaeidae, Actinopterygii, Isopoda, Cephalopoda, Policheta and plastic. Plastic was present in 49.17% of the stomachs analyzed. A total of 210 plastic fragments were found, and 63% were derived from fishing. Of those, 55% were derived from paint fragments from vessels and 8% from synthetic fibers (PA). The results suggest that plastic fragments found in stomachs are related to the species' natural diet and that this debris is locally deposited in the coastal environment. Fishing resources appear to have been affected by this local marine pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L P Cardozo
- Grupo de Tecnologia e Ciência Pesqueira (TECPESCA), Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, R. Cel. Fernandes Martins, 270, Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eduardo G G Farias
- Grupo de Tecnologia e Ciência Pesqueira (TECPESCA), Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, R. Cel. Fernandes Martins, 270, Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jorge L Rodrigues-Filho
- Grupo de Tecnologia e Ciência Pesqueira (TECPESCA), Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, R. Cel. Fernandes Martins, 270, Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento Territorial e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental (PPGPLAN)/UDESC/FAED, Brazil
| | - Isabel B Moteiro
- Grupo de Tecnologia e Ciência Pesqueira (TECPESCA), Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, R. Cel. Fernandes Martins, 270, Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Tatianny M Scandolo
- Grupo de Tecnologia e Ciência Pesqueira (TECPESCA), Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, R. Cel. Fernandes Martins, 270, Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - David V Dantas
- Grupo de Tecnologia e Ciência Pesqueira (TECPESCA), Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, R. Cel. Fernandes Martins, 270, Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento Territorial e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental (PPGPLAN)/UDESC/FAED, Brazil.
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