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Trang NTD, Jegatheesan V, Thao VTP, Tung NCT, Nam TS, Van Cong N, Thuan NC, Dung DT. Local residents' perception on factors affecting the willingness to pay for improved urban canal water: a case study in Can Tho city of Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33800-1. [PMID: 38797754 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Urbanization and economic development cause water pollution in the inner-city canals and rivers globally. Bung Xang canal in Can Tho city of Vietnam is facing problems with water pollution due to the lack of centralized wastewater treatment plants and low public awareness on environmental protection. Perception of local residents was collected using structured questionnaires including both qualitative and quantitative information. Regression analysis was employed to evaluate the factors affecting the decision of respondents on the willingness to pay (WTP) to improve water quality in the Bung Xang canal. Knowledge about the environmental protection fee for domestic wastewater (10% of the VAT-excluded from the selling price of 1 m3 of tap water purchased), age of the respondents and their education levels affected the WTP positively, while respondents' perception on water quality affected the WTP negatively. There was 58.33% of the respondents showed the WTP for improved water quality in the canal. They agreed to pay a small fee of VND 10,000 to 15,000 (equivalent to USD 0.42-0.63)/month (1 US$= 23,700 VND). The result indicates that environmental education is the only way forward for a successful sustainable urban city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngo Thuy Diem Trang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University, Campus 2, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam.
| | - Veeriah Jegatheesan
- School of Engineering and Water: Effective Technologies and Tools (WETT) Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Vo Thi Phuong Thao
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University, Campus 2, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Chau Thanh Tung
- College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Campus 2, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Sy Nam
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University, Campus 2, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Cong
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University, Campus 2, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Cong Thuan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University, Campus 2, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Duong Tri Dung
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Environment and Natural Resources, Can Tho University, Campus 2, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho City, Vietnam
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Gogoi P, Das SK, Jana C, Das BK, Saha A, Ramteke K, Jaiswar AK, Samanta S, Roshith CM. Assessing the trophic status of a tropical microtidal estuary applying TRIX and Random Forest - A combined approach. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116126. [PMID: 38330813 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The present study assessed the trophic status of a medium-sized microtidal estuary, Rushikulya, India using a combination of mutimetric trophic indices (TRIX, TRBIX) and a machine learning approach (Random Forest). A total of 108 samples were considered to build a predictive model for chlorophyll a (Chl a) and 17 response water variables by observing two annual periods (2021-2023) at six sampling sites. Mean values of TRIX (5.04 ± 0.72) and TRBIX (0.17 ± 0.08) reflected that the estuary has a moderate degree of eutrophication with 'good' water quality and 'biomass saturated'. However, the threshold of TRIX represents a transition state from 'moderate' to 'high' eutrophic. Random Forest model reflected that no apparent association between Chl a and water turbidity above 30 NTU and eutrophication in the estuary fluctuated mainly due to PO43--P along with electrical conductivity. Linear statistical correlations showed high correlation between Chl a and conductivity and a negative correlation between Chl a and dissolved oxygen, unlike PO43--P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranab Gogoi
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - Sanjoy Kumar Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - Chayna Jana
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India.
| | - Ajoy Saha
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - Karankumar Ramteke
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai 400061, Maharastra, India
| | - A K Jaiswar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai 400061, Maharastra, India
| | - S Samanta
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - C M Roshith
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
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Sahoo S, Saha A, Vijaykumar ME, Khan MF, Samanta S, Mol SS, Das BK. Assessment of water quality of Netravathi-Gurupur estuary, India through chemometric approach for fisheries sustainability. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116043. [PMID: 38278014 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the water quality dynamics (physicochemical properties, nutrient and chlorophyll-a) in the Netravathi-Gurupur estuary, India across the space and seasons and to simplify the complex water quality dataset through a chemometric approach. The results indicated that pH, EC, temperature, alkalinity, salinity, TDS, hardness, chloride and intense mixing of suspended solids, driven by the semidiurnal tides, are the major factors affecting water quality. Spatial heterogeneity and monsoon have profound impact on nutrient distribution revealing the following values (mg l-1): phosphate-P (0.015-0.105), nitrate-N (0.016-0.094), nitrite-N (0.001-0.012), and silicate (1.83-14.50). The estuary was evaluated for suitability for brackish water fisheries. The results indicated fair water quality during pre- and post-monsoon but marginal quality in monsoon, primarily due to dilution associated with reduced salinity. The outcome of this study can be suitably utilized for the sustainable development of estuaries and their feasibility for brackish water fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonalika Sahoo
- Regional Centre of ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Bangalore 560 089, India
| | - Ajoy Saha
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India.
| | - M E Vijaykumar
- Regional Centre of ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Bangalore 560 089, India
| | - M Feroz Khan
- Regional Centre of ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Bangalore 560 089, India
| | - S Samanta
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India
| | - Sibina S Mol
- Regional Centre of ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Bangalore 560 089, India
| | - B K Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India
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Mohanty TR, Das BK, Tiwari NK, Kumari S, Mondal K, Kundu S, Das Gupta S, Roy S, Baitha R, Ramteke MH, Swain HS, Upadhyay A. Diel variation of plankton in the highly impacted freshwater zone of Hooghly estuary in relation to ecological alteration. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:154. [PMID: 38225421 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Plankton are promising ecological monitoring tool that responds quickly to any sort of aquatic ecological alteration, of which many of them are much susceptible to ecological variations. Therefore, monitoring shifts in plankton composition can indicate changes in water quality and aid to identify potential pollution sources. In the present study, the variation in plankton dynamics in relation to ecological variables were monitored in the freshwater zone of the Hooghly estuary from May 2020 to April 2021. The study was conducted in the interval of every six hours. i.e., at 6 A.M., 12 P.M., 6 P.M., and 12 A.M. The present finding revealed the occurrence of 54 phytoplankton and 20 zooplankton taxa/species. Diel variation revealed that among different time intervals, the highest abundance of phytoplankton was recorded 28,307 cells l-1 at 12 P.M, while the lowest was recorded 10,632 cells l-1 at 6 A.M. However, the highest zooplankton abundance was observed 804 ind l-1 at 6 A.M., and the lowest was recorded 156 ind l-1 at 6 P.M. The ANOVA (p < 0.05) analysis indicated significant diel variation for many planktonic genera. The CCA exhibited that most of the phytoplankton were influenced by multiple water quality variables such as temperature, turbidity, calcium, pH, salinity, DO, and nutrients. However, the majority of the zooplankton were affected by turbidity, total phosphorus, sulphate, calcium and available nitrogen. Significant seasonal variation in plankton composition has also been observed. The present study will help to determine the varying diel pattern of planktons in retort to alterations in the water quality parameters and varying ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trupti Rani Mohanty
- NMCG Laboratory, ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India, 700120
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- NMCG Laboratory, ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India, 700120.
| | - Nitish Kumar Tiwari
- NMCG Laboratory, ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India, 700120
| | - Suman Kumari
- NMCG Laboratory, ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India, 700120
| | - Kausik Mondal
- NMCG Laboratory, ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India, 700120
| | - Sourav Kundu
- NMCG Laboratory, ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India, 700120
| | - Subhadeep Das Gupta
- NMCG Laboratory, ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India, 700120
| | - Shreya Roy
- NMCG Laboratory, ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India, 700120
| | - Raju Baitha
- NMCG Laboratory, ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India, 700120
| | - Mitesh Hiradas Ramteke
- NMCG Laboratory, ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India, 700120
| | - Himanshu Shekhar Swain
- NMCG Laboratory, ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India, 700120
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India, 751002
| | - Aurobinda Upadhyay
- NMCG Laboratory, ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, India, 700120
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G H, G S, R S R, R D, R P, R R. Early detection of emerging persistent perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) along the east coast of India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166155. [PMID: 37562629 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are resistant to breakdown and are now considered global contaminants. However, interest in these recalcitrant compounds among scientists and legislators has grown significantly in recent years. In the present study, we analyzed the level of PFOA and PFOS contamination in surface water from the coastal regions of Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. After solid phase extraction, 49 samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LOD ≤ 1.5 ng L-1). The PFOA and PFOS present in all samples at the highest concentration were found in the Ennore coastal region (reaching a maximum of 24.8 ng L-1 and 13.9 ng L-1 in CH-6 and CH-14 respectively). Similarly, on the West Bengal coast, concentrations of PFOA ranged from <1.5 to 14.0 ng L-1 and <1.3 to 8.2 ng g-1 in water and sediment respectively. PFOS concentrations in water and sediment ranged from <1.2 to 9.0 ng L-1 and <1.2 to 7.9 ng g-1, respectively. According to the principal component analysis, the majority of the variances (65.04 %) show a positive association, which points to industrial and domestic discharges as significant point sources of these compounds. The results from this study could be used to determine and understand the levels of PFOA and PFOS contamination along the Indian Coast as well as provide baseline information for imminent monitoring investigations. The environmental occurrences of PFOA and PFOS reported in the current study would allow policymakers to take appropriate measures to safeguard coastal ecosystems or reduce the likelihood of contamination, creating a sustainable and healthy environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariharan G
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
| | - Sunantha G
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, India
| | - Robin R S
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Darwin R
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Purvaja R
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Ramesh R
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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Le TDH, Pham LH, Dinh QT, Le TMT, Tram NTB. Land Use Influencing the Distribution of Pesticides in Surface Water: The Case of the Ma River and Its Tributaries in Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 85:290-301. [PMID: 37515646 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues are regularly found in surface water, which could be dangerous for freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity. Pesticides may enter waters through a variety of pathways, but runoff from irrigation or precipitation has the highest quantities. Previous studies analyzing the pesticides pollution or ecological risks of pesticides focused on few regions (e.g., European and United States), whereas analysis of pesticide pollution in Southeast Asia and especially in Vietnam is limited. This study presents an investigation of banned pesticides used across the range of land use in catchments of the Ma river and its tributaries in Thanh Hoa province, Vietnam. Applying principal component analysis (PCA), we investigated the relationship between specific pesticides and land use. Besides, cluster analysis (CA), the method of aggregating monitoring locations, was applied in this study to find spatial pattern of pesticides pollution. Due to their persistence and remobilization during floods and runoff, all ten banned pesticides-eight insecticides (aldrin/dieldrin, BHC, chlordane, endrin, heptachlor, lindane, malathion, and parathion) and two herbicides (paraquat, and 2,4D)-still remain in surface water and are not presumably influenced by the fraction of land use area in the catchments. Clustering results revealed that banned pesticides still occur in some areas. Site TH08 close to Le Mon industrial zone and TH18 in Thanh Hoa city have higher concentrations of banned pesticides than other sites due to their highly toxic and long-time existence in the environment. Overall, our study provides approach to investigate pesticides in surface water for a province in Vietnam that may be used for future ecotoxicological studies to enhance risk assessment for stream ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong Dieu Hien Le
- Faculty of Resources and Environment, University of Thu Dau Mot, 06 Tran Van On Street, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong, Vietnam.
| | - Luan Hong Pham
- National University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quang Toan Dinh
- Department of Science and Technology of Thanh Hoa, Thanh Hoa, 400570, Vietnam
| | - Tran Minh Thao Le
- Program of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture, University of Thu Dau Mot, 06 Tran Van On Street, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Bich Tram
- Institute of Applied Technology, University of Thu Dau Mot, 06 Tran Van On Street, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong, Vietnam
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Ma K, Shen H, Zhou T, Xin H, Wu F, Zhang G. Water quality characteristics and evaluation of Qilian Mountain National Park section in Heihe River Basin based on water quality indices and 3D fluorescence technology. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:4373-4387. [PMID: 36795261 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The water quality of the Heihe River Basin affects the life quality and health of tens of thousands of residents along it. However, there are relatively few studies that evaluate its water quality. In this study, we used principal component analysis (PCA), an improved comprehensive water quality index (WQI), and three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence technology to identify pollutants and evaluate water quality at nine monitoring sites in the Qilian Mountain National Park in Heihe River Basin. PCA was applied to concentrate the water quality indices into nine items. The analysis shows that the water quality in the study area is mainly polluted by organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus. According to the revised WQI model, the water quality of the study area is from moderate to good, while the water quality of Qinghai section is worse than that of Gansu section. According to the 3D fluorescence spectrum analysis of the monitoring sites, the organic pollution of water comes from vegetation decay, animal feces, and some human activities. This study can not only provide support and basis for water environment protection and management in the Heihe River Basin, but also promote the healthy development of the water environment in the Qilian Mountains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ma
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River Environment of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Huidong Shen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River Environment of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhong Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River Environment of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Xin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River Environment of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuping Wu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River Environment of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhen Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Yellow River Environment of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
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Das I, Chanda A, Akhand A, Hazra S. Carbon Biogeochemistry of the Estuaries Adjoining the Indian Sundarbans Mangrove Ecosystem: A Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040863. [PMID: 37109391 PMCID: PMC10141991 DOI: 10.3390/life13040863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study reviewed the carbon-biogeochemistry-related observations concerning CO2 and CH4 dynamics in the estuaries adjoining the Indian Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem. The review focused on the partial pressure of CO2 and CH4 [pCO2(water) and pCH4(water)] and air-water CO2 and CH4 fluxes and their physical, biogeochemical, and hydrological drivers. The riverine-freshwater-rich Hooghly estuary has always exhibited higher CO2 emissions than the marine-water-dominated Sundarbans estuaries. The mangrove sediment porewater and recirculated groundwater were rich in pCO2(water) and pCH4(water), enhancing their load in the adjacent estuaries. Freshwater-seawater admixing, photosynthetically active radiation, primary productivity, and porewater/groundwater input were the principal factors that regulated pCO2(water) and pCH4(water) and their fluxes. Higher chlorophyll-a concentrations, indicating higher primary production, led to the furnishing of more organic substrates that underwent anaerobic degradation to produce CH4 in the water column. The northern Bay of Bengal seawater had a high carbonate buffering capacity that reduced the pCO2(water) and water-to-air CO2 fluxes in the Sundarbans estuaries. Several authors traced the degradation of organic matter to DIC, mainly following the denitrification pathway (and pathways between aerobic respiration and carbonate dissolution). Overall, this review collated the significant findings on the carbon biogeochemistry of Sundarbans estuaries and discussed the areas that require attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Das
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Abhra Chanda
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Anirban Akhand
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sugata Hazra
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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El-Kholy RA, Zaghlool E, Isawi H, Soliman EA, Khalil MMH, El-Aassar AHM, Said MM. Groundwater quality assessment using water quality index and multivariate statistical analysis case study: East Matrouh, Northwestern coast, Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:65699-65722. [PMID: 35499738 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rapid urbanisation has had a significant negative influence on the water bodies that flow through and around urban areas. This study aims to evaluate the water quality and analyse the suitability for drinking and irrigation uses. This study envisaged assessing the water quality status of the groundwater using the pollution index of groundwater (PIG), ecological risk index (ERI) and multivariate statistical techniques, namely cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA), that were applied to differentiate the sources of water quality variation and determine the cause of pollution in the study area. Most groundwater is unsuitable for drinking and irrigation consumption, depending on analyses. PIG values indicated high pollution levels in the studied water body, rendering it unsuitable for any practical purpose. CA results showed the impact of surface water and treatment plant on groundwater. PCA was used to identify four important factors in the groundwater, including mineral and nutrient pollution, heavy metal pollution, organic pollution and faecal contamination. The deteriorating water quality of the groundwater was demonstrated to originate from vast sources of anthropogenic activities, especially municipal sewage discharge. Study wells had greater concentrations of Cl- and Na+ in their water because seawater flows into the aquifer system and mixes with the marine aquifer matrix. Thus, the current work reveals how to employ the PIG and multivariate statistical approaches to obtain more accessible and more meaningful information about the water quality of groundwater and to identify the sources of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A El-Kholy
- Hydrogeochemistry Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ehab Zaghlool
- Hydrogeochemistry Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Isawi
- Hydrogeochemistry Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A Soliman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M H Khalil
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Moustafa M Said
- Hydrogeochemistry Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Tiwari NK, Mohanty TR, Swain HS, Manna RK, Samanta S, Das BK. Multidecadal assessment of environmental variables in the river Ganga for pollution monitoring and sustainable management. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:554. [PMID: 35779186 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Ganga River is the major source of drinking water for humans over the decades. It is also the ecological niche for millions of relict species, i.e., for a variety of planktons, benthic organisms, fish, and various other aquatic organisms. The blasting population resulted in an enhanced rate of pollution in the river system emanating from various anthropogenic activities and industrialization in the bank of river Ganga. The study was made in the middle and lower stretch of the river to monitor the decadal changes in the water quality of river Ganga from 1960 to 2019 at six different study sites. In the present study, various water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH, free carbon dioxide, total alkalinity, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness, chloride, and nitrate have been studied during 2015-2019. The data for 1960 to 2006 were taken from ICAR-CIFRI publications. Based on the studied parameters, National Sanitation Foundation (NSF)-water quality index (WQI) was calculated. In the present study, it was found that the calculated NSF-WQI was 69.24 in 1960-1961 which increased up to 113.39 during 2001-2006. But, with the implementation of various rejuvenating strategies, the WQI of the river got reduced to 106.48 during 2015-2019. This reflected the positive changes in the riverine system. Different water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH, and hardness were observed mostly within the permissible range as based on the drinking water guidelines for humans and survival of the aquatic organisms as well, except a few location-specific observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Kumar Tiwari
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore-700120, Kolkata, India
| | - Trupti Rani Mohanty
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore-700120, Kolkata, India
| | - Himanshu Sekhar Swain
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore-700120, Kolkata, India
| | - Ranjan Kumar Manna
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore-700120, Kolkata, India
| | - Srikanta Samanta
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore-700120, Kolkata, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore-700120, Kolkata, India.
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Tiwari NK, Das Gupta S, Swain HS, Jha DN, Samanta S, Manna RK, Das AK, Das BK. Water quality assessment in the ecologically stressed lower and estuarine stretches of river Ganga using multivariate statistical tool. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:469. [PMID: 35648296 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10007-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water quality of the Ganga River system is changing day by day due to multifold increase in population, especially near the banks of river Ganga, and associated exponential amplification of anthropogenic activities also played a remarkable role in it. The ecologically important lower and estuarine stretch of river Ganga comprising 7 different sampling stations, i.e., Jangipur, Berhampore, Balagarh, Tribeni, Godakhali, Diamond Harbour and Fraserganj, were selected for the study as the stretch is enriched with the vast number of floral and faunal diversity. The study was conducted for a period of 5 years, i.e., from 2016 to 2020. In the study, various analytical tools and techniques were used for the assessment of riverine water quality, i.e., for calculation of water quality index (WQI); The National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI) and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME-WQI) were used for the assessment. Along with WQI various statistical univariate as well as multivariate analytical tools like principal component analysis, correlation, ANOVA, and cluster analysis were also used to achieve the desired outputs. In the study, it has been observed that NSF-WQI varied from 61 to 2552, in which the higher value of NSF-WQI denoted the unsuitability of the water quality concerning the drinking water standards and vice versa. The CCME-WQI represented a similar trend as that of NSF-WQI, as it varied from 18 to 92 in which the lower value denoted degradation in the drinking water quality and vice versa. The study revealed that the Diamond Harbour-Fraserganj stretch is having an undesired level of water quality which were analyzed based on the drinking water guideline values of the Bureau of Indian Standards and that of NSF-WQI and CCME-WQI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Kumar Tiwari
- ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, 700120, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhadeep Das Gupta
- ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, 700120, Kolkata, India
| | - Himanshu Sekhar Swain
- ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, 700120, Kolkata, India
| | - Dharm Nath Jha
- ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, 700120, Kolkata, India
| | - Srikanta Samanta
- ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, 700120, Kolkata, India
| | - Ranjan Kumar Manna
- ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, 700120, Kolkata, India
| | - Archan Kanti Das
- ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, 700120, Kolkata, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR - Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, 700120, Kolkata, India.
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Identification and Apportionment of Potential Pollution Sources Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques and APCS-MLR Model to Assess Surface Water Quality in Imjin River Watershed, South Korea. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14050793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reliable water quality monitoring data, identifying potential pollution sources, and quantifying the corresponding potential pollution source apportionment are essential for future water resource management and pollution control. Here, we collected water quality data from seven monitoring sites to identify spatiotemporal changes in surface water in the Imjin River Watershed (IRW), South Korea, distinguish potential pollution sources, and quantify the source apportionment from 2018–2020. An analysis was performed based on multivariate statistical techniques (MST) and the absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model. Statistically significant groups were created based on spatiotemporally similar physicochemical water quality characteristics and anthropogenic activities: low-pollution (LP) and high-pollution (HP) regions, and dry season (DS) and wet season (WS). There were statistically significant mean differences in water quality parameters between spatial clusters, rather than between temporal clusters. We identified four and three potential factors that could explain 80.75% and 71.99% in the LP and HP regions, respectively. Identification and quantitative evaluation of potential pollution sources using MST and the APCS-MLR model for the IRW may be useful for policymakers to improve the water quality of target watersheds and establish future management policies.
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Li Y, Ma L, Li Y, Abdyzhapar Uulu S, Abuduwaili J. Exploration of the driving factors and distribution of fecal coliform in rivers under a traditional agro-pastoral economy in Kyrgyzstan, Central Asia. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131700. [PMID: 34333187 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fecal coliform (FC) in river water is one of the threats to human health. To explore the pollution status of FC in rivers of Kyrgyzstan, a mountainous country with traditional agro-pastoral economy, 184 water samples from the rivers of Kyrgyzstan in low and high river flow period were analyzed. Spatial autocorrelation and classical statistical methods were used to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution and driving factors of FC. The results showed that the surface water quality of Kyrgyz rivers was good, and the concentration range of FC was 0-23 MPN/100 mL. Temporally, the maximum FC concentration was 4 MPN/100 mL in low river flow period, while in the period of high river flow, the highest value reached to 23 MPN/100 mL. Spatially, the concentration of FC in high altitude areas was low, while that in the lowland areas was relatively high, which indicated that animal husbandry in high altitude areas contributed little to FC in rivers, and urban domestic sewage and agricultural activities in lowlands were the main pollution sources of FC in rivers. There was no correlation between FC and hardness, electrical conductivity (EC), pH and total organic carbon (TOC) in river water of Kyrgyzstan, and the distribution of FC in high river flow period was mainly driven by population and human modification of terrestrial systems. The results can provide a basis for the prevention and control of surface water FC pollution and related diseases in Kyrgyzstan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yaoming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Salamat Abdyzhapar Uulu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Institute of Geology, National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, 720461, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Jilili Abuduwaili
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Ali SY, Sunar S, Saha P, Mukherjee P, Saha S, Dutta S. Drinking water quality assessment of river Ganga in West Bengal, India through integrated statistical and GIS techniques. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:2997-3017. [PMID: 34850709 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An attempt has been made to assess the water quality status of the lower stretch of river Ganga flowing through West Bengal for drinking using integrated techniques. For this study, 11 parameters at 10 locations from Beharampur to Diamond Harbour over nine years (2011-2019) were considered. The eastern stretch of Ganga showed a variation of Water Quality Index (WQI) from 55 to 416 and Synthetic Pollution Index (SPI) from 0.59 to 3.68 in nine years. The result was endorsed through a fair correlation between WQI and SPI (r2 > 0.95). The map interpolated through GIS revealed that the entire river stretch in the year 2011, 2012, and 2019 and location near to ocean during the entire period of nine years were severely polluted (WQI > 100 or SPI > 1). Turbidity and boron concentration mainly contribute to the high scores of indices. Further, the origin of these ions was estimated through multivariate statistical techniques. It was affirmed that the origin of boron is mainly attributed to seawater influx, that of fluoride to anthropogenic sources, and other parameters originated through geogenic as well as human activities. Based on the research, a few possible water treatment mechanisms are suggested to render the water fit for drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Yakub Ali
- Department of Environmental Studies, Visva-Bharati Shantiniketan, India
| | - Sangeeta Sunar
- Department of Environmental Science, Environmental Science, Mizoram University, Aizawl, India
| | - Priti Saha
- Environmental Science and Engineering, IIT (ISM)-Dhanbad, Dhanbad, India E-mail:
| | - Pallavi Mukherjee
- Currently the author is not affiliated with any academic institution: Kolkata, India
| | - Sarmistha Saha
- Currently the author is not affiliated with any academic institution: Kolkata, India
| | - Suvanka Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, NIT-Durgapur, Durgapur, India
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Rath AR, Mitbavkar S, Anil AC. Response of the phytoplankton community to seasonal and spatial environmental conditions in the Haldia port ecosystem located in the tropical Hooghly River estuary. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:548. [PMID: 34342737 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The phytoplankton community structure exhibits seasonal and spatial variations in response to the environmental conditions, which aids in understanding the ecosystem's health. Given this, four samplings were conducted between October 2013 to April 2015, encompassing the monsoon, post-monsoon, and pre-monsoon seasons, from the Haldia port ecosystem of India. The samples were collected from the flowing estuary and an extended semi-enclosed dock. We hypothesized that the seasonal phytoplankton community (diversity, abundance, and carbon biomass) response will differ based on the environmental and hydrographical characteristics of the study site. Picophytoplankton and nano-microphytoplankton dominated the phytoplankton community in terms of numbers and biomass, respectively. Bacillariophytes dominated the nano-microphytoplankton abundance and total biomass, except during the monsoon when Dinophytes contributed (inner-zone). The dominance of Bacillariophytes and Chlorophytes in the outer-zone with picophytoplankton and Dinophytes in the inner-zone indicated group-specific hydrographic preferences that supported the hypothesis. The positive correlation of the picophytoplankton abundance (pre-monsoon) with Secchi disc depth and the negative correlation of diatoms (post-monsoon) with temperature signify the seasonal role of light and temperature, respectively. The highest nano-microphytoplankton species diversity (Shannon-Wiener's index) during the pre-monsoon (inner-zone) with more rare species indicated the probable influence of stable waters with increased water transparency. However, the community was unevenly distributed in the estuary due to the high abundance of the diatom, Aulacoseira granulata. Although harmful algal blooms were not detected, the higher temperature and nutrient concentrations could have favoured potentially harmful species (Pseudonitzschia delicatissima, Dinophysis acuta) during the monsoon. The system ranged from oligo- to mesotrophic state with moderate pollution levels (Carlson's Trophic State Index and Shannon's Index), indicating a reduction of the nutrient accumulation effects by the existing water renewal frequency. This study recommends incorporating qualitative and quantitative phytoplankton assessment in ecological monitoring of the stable coastal sites to prevent future harmful algal episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseem R Rath
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India
- School of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, 403 206, Goa, India
| | - Smita Mitbavkar
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India.
| | - Arga Chandrashekar Anil
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India
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Hussien AK, Rashwan IMH, Elshemy M. Surface water quality management for drinking use in El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:1428-1444. [PMID: 33370486 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This research was initiated to assess and manage water quality status of fourteen surface drinking water intakes in El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt. The study was conducted on four main branches of water resources in the governorate. Three water quality indices (WQIs) and two multivariate statistical techniques were applied, based on the Egyptian guidelines for the Nile River. Water quality records were collected for two successive years, 2014 and 2015, and were analyzed by descriptive statistics. The results revealed the critical water quality status of the four branches at the fourteen intakes. The multivariate statistical techniques returned the critical water quality conditions to the agricultural drainage and the domestic wastewater discharges. In addition, a new software application was developed to manage WQIs calculation. An urgent water quality monitoring and assessment system should be initiated for the drinking water resources all over Egypt, based on the developed water quality assessment techniques of this study. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Three different WQIs and two different statistics tools were applied. Critical water quality status for the investigated surface drinking water intakes was reported. Agricultural drainage then domestic effluents are the main pollution sources. A new software application was developed to calculate WQIs to support decision makers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohamed Elshemy
- Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Faculty of Engineering, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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17
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Health Risk and Water Quality Assessment of Surface Water in an Urban River of Bangladesh. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13126832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant contributions to the national economy of Bangladesh, various urban developments, massive industrial and growing shipping activities are making the water of many urban rivers, including Karnaphuli River, extremely polluted. To find out the pollution sources and their possible health effects, 45 water samples were collected from 15 sampling stations. Investigation of six physicochemical parameters (pH, temperature, total dissolved solids, conductivity, salinity, and turbidity) through in-situ measurements and eight heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) status using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was carried out in this research. Both the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO)’s permeable threshold limit. The calculated hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) ingestion values indicate non-carcinogenic risk both for adults and children, but dermal exposure was within the safety limit. Carcinogenic risk analysis revealed that Cd could cause a risk of cancer in those using the river water for a long period. Spatial analysis and metal pollution index (MPI) results exhibit that downstream of the river water is more polluted than upstream of the river. Overall, the findings of this study imply that polluted water is a threat to human health and the results will also help to undertake proper management strategies and incorporate monitoring programs that study river water for the implementation of safety measures to protect human health.
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Mukhopadhyay M, Chakraborty P. Plasticizers and bisphenol A: Emerging organic pollutants along the lower stretch of River Ganga, north-east coast of the Bay of Bengal. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116697. [PMID: 33611200 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hooghly River (HR), the other name used for the lower stretch of River Ganga, is a prime freshwater source in the eastern part of India. However HR has been evidenced with a variety of emerging organic pollutants (EOPs) in the recent past. Given the extensive use of plasticizers and additive in plastic products, we have investigated seven plasticizers and bisphenol A (BPA) in the surface and storm-water of HR up to the tip of the Bay of Bengal. Further using a previously published sediment data we have estimated the fluxes for the aforementioned EOPs. Surface water and storm-water concentrations of seven plasticizers varied between 92.62 and 770 ng/L (176.1 ± 104.8; Avg ± SD) and 120.9-781.5 ng/L (355.2 ± 232.5), respectively. BPA varied between 43 and 8800 ng/L (658.3 ng/L ± 1760) and 117.9-2147 ng/L (459.3 ± 620.2) in surface and storm-water, respectively. With the increase in salinity, a decreasing trend for bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was evidenced. However, concentration of BPA increased with the increase in salinity. Significant and strong correlation between DEHP and BPA (R2 = 0.6; p < 0.01) in the suburban corridor might have resulted from sludge disposal of the scrap recycling activities. Using site-specific principal component analysis, unregulated disposal of plastic waste, particularly from such industrial belts and tourist spots were identified as the possible point sources for plasticizers and BPA in this region. Net diffusive flux based on fugacity fraction showed a trend depending on the pollutant's aqueous solubility and partition coefficient. However, transfer tendency from water to sediment was noticed in the sites having point source. Estimated ecotoxicological risk posed by BPA was higher for edible fishes and for lower order organisms, PAEs was the major contributor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moitraiyee Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Civil Engineering, SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Paromita Chakraborty
- Department of Civil Engineering, SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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Muduli PR, Kumar A, Kanuri VV, Mishra DR, Acharya P, Saha R, Biswas MK, Vidyarthi AK, Sudhakar A. Water quality assessment of the Ganges River during COVID-19 lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : IJEST 2021; 18:1645-1652. [PMID: 33758592 PMCID: PMC7970803 DOI: 10.1007/s13762-021-03245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ganges River water quality was assessed to record the changes due to the nation-wide pandemic lockdown. Satellite-based (Sentinel-2) water quality analysis before and during lockdown was performed for seven selected locations spread across the entire stretch of the Ganges (Rishikesh-Dimond Harbour). Results revealed that due to the lockdown, the water quality of the Ganges improved with reference to specific water quality parameters, but the improvements were region specific. Along the entire stretch of Ganges, only the Haridwar site showed improvement to an extent of being potable as per the threshold set by the Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi, India. A 55% decline in turbidity at that site during the lockdown was attributed to the abrupt halt in pilgrimage activities. Absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic matter which is an indicator of organic pollution declined all along the Ganges stretch with a maximum decline at the downstream location of Diamond Harbour. Restricted discharge of industrial effluent, urban pollution, sewage from hotels, lodges, and spiritual dwellings along the Ganges are some of the reasons behind such declines. No significant change in the geographic trend of chlorophyll-a was observed. The findings of this study highlight the importance of regular monitoring of the changes in the Ganges water quality using Sentinel-2 data to further isolate the anthropogenic impact, as India continues the phase-wise opening amidst the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. R. Muduli
- Wetland Research and Training Centre, Chilika Development Authority, Balugaon, 752030 India
| | - A. Kumar
- Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - V. V. Kanuri
- Eastern Regional Directorate (ERD), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, National Ganga River Basin Authority, Central Pollution Control Board, 5th and 6th floor, Southend conclave, Rajdanga Main Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107 India
| | - D. R. Mishra
- Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - P. Acharya
- Wetland Research and Training Centre, Chilika Development Authority, Balugaon, 752030 India
| | - R. Saha
- Eastern Regional Directorate (ERD), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, National Ganga River Basin Authority, Central Pollution Control Board, 5th and 6th floor, Southend conclave, Rajdanga Main Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107 India
| | - M. K. Biswas
- Eastern Regional Directorate (ERD), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, National Ganga River Basin Authority, Central Pollution Control Board, 5th and 6th floor, Southend conclave, Rajdanga Main Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107 India
| | - A. K. Vidyarthi
- Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, New Delhi, India
| | - A. Sudhakar
- Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, New Delhi, India
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de Bastos F, Reichert JM, Minella JPG, Rodrigues MF. Strategies for identifying pollution sources in a headwater catchment based on multi-scale water quality monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:169. [PMID: 33683469 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-08930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rural headwater catchments are important to describe the connectivity of pollution sources to water bodies. Strategies to optimize water quality monitoring networks, as parameter definition, sampling, and statistical approach, have been widely discussed. The objectives of this study were to describe the spatial and temporal dynamics (intra- and inter-events) of water quality and to establish its implications for environmental monitoring programs. The monitoring was carried out in a rural headwater catchment (1.2 km2) with shallow soils, high slopes, and intense agricultural activity in Southern Brazil. To better describe the impact of agriculture on water resources, the monitoring strategy was based on definition of the best set of parameters and different sampling frequency to incorporate intra- and inter-event variability and statistical analysis approach. We also analyzed parameters in different sub-basins with physiographic traits. Three hydrological compartments were analyzed: surface flow, groundwater, and base flow. Physico-chemical parameters, the concentration of elements associated with agricultural activity, and biological parameters were evaluated. Total phosphorus and turbidity were the parameters most affected by agricultural activity. They reflected on the inter- and intra-events, the impacts of soil and water degradation by agricultural activity, and the precarious rural sanitation conditions. Spatiotemporal variability of the parameters characterizes the different mechanisms for transferring pollutants from diffuse sources to water bodies. Spatial and temporal patterns in water quality changes were used to discuss environmental monitoring strategies, such as parameter and sampling frequency definition, to improve soil and water conservation programs at the catchment scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele de Bastos
- Soils Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - José Miguel Reichert
- Soils Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Jean Paolo Gomes Minella
- Soils Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Miriam Fernanda Rodrigues
- Soils Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
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21
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Chemometric modeling for spatiotemporal characterization and self-depuration monitoring of surface water assessing the pollution sources impact of northern Argentina rivers. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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de Andrade Costa D, Soares de Azevedo JP, Dos Santos MA, Dos Santos Facchetti Vinhaes Assumpção R. Water quality assessment based on multivariate statistics and water quality index of a strategic river in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22038. [PMID: 33328517 PMCID: PMC7744518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty-four water samples were collected between July and December 2019 at nine monitoring stations and fifteen parameters were analysed to provide an updated diagnosis of the Piabanha River water quality. Further, forty years of monitoring were analysed, including government data and previous research projects. A georeferenced database was also built containing water management data. The Water Quality Index from the National Sanitation Foundation (WQINSF) was calculated using two datasets and showed an improvement in overall water quality, despite still presenting systematic violations to Brazilian standards. Principal components analysis (PCA) showed the most contributing parameters to water quality and enabled its association with the main pollution sources identified in the geodatabase. PCA showed that sewage discharge is still the main pollution source. The cluster analysis (CA) made possible to recommend the monitoring network optimization, thereby enabling the expansion of the monitoring to other rivers. Finally, the diagnosis provided by this research establishes the first step towards the Framing of water resources according to their intended uses, as established by the Brazilian National Water Resources Policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David de Andrade Costa
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Engineering Research (COPPE), Centro Tecnológico, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Federal Fluminense Institute, São João da Barra Advanced Campus, BR 356, KM 181, São João da Barra, RJ, Brazil.
| | - José Paulo Soares de Azevedo
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Engineering Research (COPPE), Centro Tecnológico, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Marco Aurélio Dos Santos
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Engineering Research (COPPE), Centro Tecnológico, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Méndez-Barroso LA, Rivas-Márquez JA, Sosa-Tinoco I, Robles-Morúa A. Design and implementation of a low-cost multiparameter probe to evaluate the temporal variations of water quality conditions on an estuarine lagoon system. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:710. [PMID: 33070261 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08677-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of physicochemical variables to infer water quality is important since they help determine the distribution and abundance of aquatic organisms or pollution-related problems. Recently, the development of low-cost probes is a suitable alternative for continuous monitoring of these variables rather than the use of expensive instruments. In this work, a low-cost multiparameter probe (LCMP) has been developed to monitor water quality in an estuary located in Northwestern Mexico during a 3-month period. The LCMP integrates different sensors to an Arduino Nano microcontroller allowing to measure electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, water temperature, and tide level. Data files were stored in a data logger system consisting of a secure digital (SD) card module and a real-time clock module coupled to the Arduino microcontroller. To ensure continuous operation, the system was powered by four 3.7 V, 10,000 mAh rechargeable LiPo batteries. All LCMP components were encapsulated in a polyvinyl chloride pipe. The results show that the LCMP had a good agreement with a commercial-grade multiparameter probe and was able to monitor continuously in hourly time steps. Finally, the LCMP proved to be an alternative for the establishment of coastal observatories, which has been deficient due to limited funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Méndez-Barroso
- Departamento de Ciencias del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 sur, Ciudad Obregón, 85000, Sonora, Mexico.
- Laboratorio Nacional de Resiliencia Costera (LANRESC), Northwest headquarters, Ciudad Obregón, Mexico.
| | - J A Rivas-Márquez
- Departamento de Ciencias del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 sur, Ciudad Obregón, 85000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - I Sosa-Tinoco
- Laboratorio Nacional de Resiliencia Costera (LANRESC), Northwest headquarters, Ciudad Obregón, Mexico
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrica y Electrónica, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Mexico
| | - A Robles-Morúa
- Departamento de Ciencias del Agua y Medio Ambiente, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero 818 sur, Ciudad Obregón, 85000, Sonora, Mexico
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Chanda A, Das S, Bhattacharyya S, Akhand A, Das I, Samanta S, Choudhury SB, Hazra S. CO 2 effluxes from an urban tidal river flowing through two of the most populated and polluted cities of India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:30093-30107. [PMID: 32447735 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Urbanized rivers flowing through polluted megacities receive substantial amount of carbon from domestic sewage and industrial effluents which can significantly alter the air-water CO2 flux rates. In this regard, we quantified the partial pressure of CO2 in the surface water (pCO2(water)), air-water CO2 fluxes, and associated biogeochemical parameters in the Hooghly River, India, flowing through two of the most polluted cities of the country, Kolkata and Howrah, over a complete annual cycle during spring tidal phase (SP) and neap tidal phase (NP). This urbanized part of Hooghly River was always supersaturated with CO2 having an annual mean pCO2(water) and air-water CO2 flux of ~ 3800 μatm and ~ 49 mol C m-2 year-1, respectively. Significant seasonal variability was observed for both pCO2(water) and air-water CO2 flux (pre-monsoon, 3038 ± 539 μatm and 5049 ± 964 μmol m-2 h-1; monsoon, 4609 ± 711 μatm and 7918 ± 1400 μmol m-2 h-1; post-monsoon, 2558 ± 258 μatm and 4048 ± 759 μmol m-2 h-1, respectively). Monthly mean pH and total alkalinity varied from 7.482 to 8.099 and from 2437 to 4136 μmol kg-1, respectively, over the annual cycle. pCO2(water) showed significant positive correlation with turbidity and negative correlation with electrical conductivity and gross primary productivity (GPP). High water discharge could have facilitated high turbidity, especially during the monsoon season, which led to depletion in GPP and enhancement in pCO2(water) which in turn led to very high CO2 effluxes. The CO2 efflux rate in this urbanized riverine stretch was substantially higher than that observed in previous studies carried out in the less urbanized estuarine stretch of Hooghly. This indicates that the presence of highly urbanized and polluted metropolis potentially enhanced the pCO2(water) and CO2 effluxes of this river. Similar observations were made recently in some Asian and Australian urban rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhra Chanda
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India.
| | - Sourav Das
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Sourav Bhattacharyya
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Anirban Akhand
- Coastal and Estuarine Environment Research Group, Port and Airport Research Institute, 3-1-1, Nagase, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 239-0826, Japan
| | - Isha Das
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Sourav Samanta
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Saroj Bandhu Choudhury
- National Remote Sensing Centre, Department of Space, Government of India, Hyderabad, Telengana, 500042, India
| | - Sugata Hazra
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
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Ma Z, Li H, Ye Z, Wen J, Hu Y, Liu Y. Application of modified water quality index (WQI) in the assessment of coastal water quality in main aquaculture areas of Dalian, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 157:111285. [PMID: 32469747 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a modified water quality index (WQI) was used to evaluate the water quality in south coastal aquaculture area of Dalian, Liaoning Province, China. Four main culture areas with 40 sampling stations were covered. Ten variables were selected for principal component analysis/factor analysis (PCA/FA), and the major factors affecting water quality were identified. The PCA results showed that these factors were mainly associated with nutrients, natural conditions and organic matter. The modified WQI was calculated to identify the classes of water quality and to evaluate the spatial and temporal changes among the sampling areas. The results revealed that the water quality generally performed the worst in June, and the best in October. The modified WQI proved to be a useful method for water quality classification and characterizing spatial and temporal changes in Dalian aquaculture areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, China, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China; Dalian Ocean University, #52. Heishijiao Street, Shahekou District, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, China, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China; Dalian Ocean University, #52. Heishijiao Street, Shahekou District, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangying Ye
- Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpu Wen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, China, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China; Dalian Ocean University, #52. Heishijiao Street, Shahekou District, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, China, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China; Dalian Ocean University, #52. Heishijiao Street, Shahekou District, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, China, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China; Dalian Ocean University, #52. Heishijiao Street, Shahekou District, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China.
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Application of Multivariate Statistical Analysis in the Development of a Surrogate Water Quality Index (WQI) for South African Watersheds. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12061584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Water quality indices (WQIs) are customarily associated with heavy data input demand, making them more rigorous and bulky. Such burdensome attributes are too taxing, time-consuming, and command a significant amount of resources to implement, which discourages their application and directly influences water resource monitoring. It is then imperative to focus on developing compatible, simpler, and less-demanding WQI tools, but with equally matching computational ability. Surrogate models are the best fitting, conforming to the prescribed features and scope. Therefore, this study attempts to provide a surrogate WQI as an alternative water quality monitoring tool that requires fewer inputs, minimal effort, and marginal resources to function. Accordingly, multivariate statistical techniques which include principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and multiple linear regression (MLR) are applied primarily to determine four proxy variables and establish relevant model coefficients. As a result, chlorophyll-a, electrical conductivity, pondus Hydrogenium and turbidity are the final four proxy variables retained. A vital feature of the proposed surrogate index is that the input parameters qualify for inclusion into remote monitoring systems; henceforth, the model can be applied in remote monitoring programs. Reflecting on the model validation results, the proposed surrogate WQI is considered scientifically stable, with a minimum magnitude of divergence from the ideal water quality values. More importantly, the model displayed a predictive pattern identical to the ideal graph, matching on both index scores and classification values. The established surrogate model is an important milestone with the potential of promoting water resource monitoring and assisting in capturing of spatial and temporal changes in South African river catchments. This paper aims at outlining the methods used in developing the surrogate water quality index and document the results achieved.
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Mitra S, Sudarshan M, Jonathan MP, Sarkar SK, Thakur S. Spatial and seasonal distribution of multi-elements in suspended particulate matter (SPM) in tidally dominated Hooghly river estuary and their ecotoxicological relevance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:12658-12672. [PMID: 32006334 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present work represented first study of the spatio-seasonal distribution of the multi-elements in the suspended particulate matter (SPM) of the tropical Hooghly river estuary (HRE), eastern part of India. The high load of SPM (20-3460 mg/l) might have induced negative impact on the phytoplankton density. The relative abundance of the studied elements exhibited the following decreasing trend (concentration in μg/g and %): Si(26.44 ± 3.75%) > Al(7.94 ± 1.52%) > Fe(6.17 ± 1.9%) > K(3.05 ± 1.5%) > Ca(1.97 ± 1.11%) > Mg(1.57 ± 1.71%) > Na(1.45 ± 8.40%) > Mn(1273 ± 2003) > Zn(178.43 ± 130.95) > V(151.54 ± 27.13) > Cr(147.08 ± 32.21) > Cu(62.06 ± 14.03) > Ni(49.64 ± 12.09) > Pb(21.5 ± 10.45). The accumulation of Ni, Cr, Pb, and Cu is mainly controlled by the formation of Fe hydroxides along with particulate organic carbon (POC) and salinity. The average geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF) endorsed the substantial input of Cr (Igeo = 0.037; EF = 1.61) and Zn (Igeo = 0.123; EF = 2.07) from diffused pollution sources. From ecotoxicological point of view, the quality guidelines (QGs) suggested that Cr and Ni might possess frequent adverse biological effects. However, the mean probable effect level (PEL) quotient values revealed 49% probability of toxicity to the aquatic biota for five toxic elements (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb). The geochemical approaches, pollution indices, and statistical evaluation together revealed low to moderate contamination in the estuary. This baseline data would be beneficial in adopting proper management strategies for sustainable utilization and restoration of the water resources. The authors strongly recommend continuous systematic monitoring and installation of treatment plants for management of this stressed estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumita Mitra
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta, 700019, India
| | - Mathummal Sudarshan
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - M P Jonathan
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán C.P. 07340, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Santosh Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta, 700019, India.
| | - Sandeep Thakur
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta, 700019, India
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Mahadevan H, Krishnan KA, Pillai RR, Sudhakaran S. Assessment of urban river water quality and developing strategies for phosphate removal from water and wastewaters: Integrated monitoring and mitigation studies. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Zanardi-Lamardo E, Mitra S, Vieira-Campos AA, Cabral CB, Yogui GT, Sarkar SK, Biswas JK, Godhantaraman N. Distribution and sources of organic contaminants in surface sediments of Hooghly river estuary and Sundarban mangrove, eastern coast of India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:39-49. [PMID: 31426172 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and DDT-related pesticides in surface sediments of Hooghly estuary and the Sundarban mangrove wetlands. Concentrations of ∑17PAH, ∑182PCB and ∑6DDT ranged from 15.4 to 1731, not detected (nd) to 13.5 and nd to 8.97 ng g-1 dry weight, respectively. Low levels of PCBs and low to moderate concentrations of DDTs and PAHs reflected recent development in West Bengal, which was dominated by agriculture and multifarious industries in the past. Diagnostic ratios suggested that major sources of PAHs are combustion processes, DDTs are input by agriculture, antifouling paints and public health campaigns, and organochlorines are predominantly from industrial origin. Heavier PCB congeners suggest local sources and short-range transport of such chemicals. Decision makers may use these findings for managing the Hooghly River watershed in order to promote a sustainable development on the eastern coast of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliete Zanardi-Lamardo
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR), Departamento de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura s/n, 50740-550, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Soumita Mitra
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta 700019, India
| | - Amanda Alves Vieira-Campos
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR), Departamento de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura s/n, 50740-550, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Carolina Barbosa Cabral
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR), Departamento de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura s/n, 50740-550, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Gilvan Takeshi Yogui
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR), Departamento de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura s/n, 50740-550, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Santosh Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta 700019, India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Department of Ecological Studies and International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia 741235, India
| | - Nallamuthu Godhantaraman
- UGC Human Resource Development Centre & Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Madras, Chepauk Campus, Chennai 600 005, India
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Mitra S, Corsolini S, Pozo K, Audy O, Sarkar SK, Biswas JK. Characterization, source identification and risk associated with polyaromatic and chlorinated organic contaminants (PAHs, PCBs, PCBzs and OCPs) in the surface sediments of Hooghly estuary, India. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 221:154-165. [PMID: 30639811 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution, source identification and ecotoxicological impact of a group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs: dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), polychlorobenzenes (PCBzs)), and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in surface sediment samples (0-5 cm, <63 μm grain size) along the ecologically stressed Hooghly River estuary, East India. The results demonstrated a wide range of concentrations (ng/g dry weight) with the following decreasing order: ∑16PAHs (3.3-630) > ∑6DDTs (0.14-18.6) > ∑7PCBs (0.28-7.7) > ∑2PCBzs (0.01-1.3) > ∑5HCH (0.10-0.6), with a dominance of p,p'-DDT and higher molecular weight PAHs. Selected diagnostic ratios indicated a mixture of both pyrolytic and petrogenic sources of PAHs, inputs of weathered DDT and their degradation in oxidizing environment, and a predominance of industrial input over the agricultural wastes. The cumulative impact of the pollutants (effective range medium quotient (ERMq): 0.01-0.16) reflected minimal to low ecotoxicological risk, with highest probability of toxic effects towards surrounding biota at Barrackpore (21%). ∑6DDTs exceeded the effect range low value resulting occasional adverse impact to the sediment dwelling organisms. Among the PAHs, the 4-ringed compounds accounted for 68% of the PAHs. Further, carcinogenic PAHs (BaA, Chry, BbF, BkF, BaP, DahP, Inp) possessed highest cancer risk (CR = 2.09 × 10-3) to the local population when exposed to the sediments from the studied area and ingestion was found to be the primary process of contamination. The study strongly recommends a systematic monitoring of POPs and PAHs, being the Hooghly River water used by local people for their livelihood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumita Mitra
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta 700019, India
| | - Simonetta Corsolini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Karla Pozo
- Research Center for Toxic Compound in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457 Concepción, Chile
| | - Ondrej Audy
- Research Center for Toxic Compound in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Santosh Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta 700019, India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Department of Ecological Studies and International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia 741235, India
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Liu S, Ryu D, Webb JA, Lintern A, Waters D, Guo D, Western AW. Characterisation of spatial variability in water quality in the Great Barrier Reef catchments using multivariate statistical analysis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 137:137-151. [PMID: 30503420 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Water quality monitoring is important to assess changes in inland and coastal water quality. The focus of this study was to improve understanding of the spatial component of spatial-temporal water quality dynamics, particularly the spatial variability in water quality and the association between this spatial variability and catchment characteristics. A dataset of nine water quality constituents collected from 32 monitoring sites over a 11-year period (2006-2016), across the Great Barrier Reef catchments (Queensland, Australia), were evaluated by multivariate techniques. Two clusters were identified, which were strongly associated with catchment characteristics. A two-step Principal Component Analysis/Factor Analysis revealed four groupings of constituents with similar spatial pattern and allowed the key catchment characteristics affecting water quality to be determined. These findings provide a more nuanced view of spatial variations in water quality compared with previous understanding and an improved basis for water quality management to protect nearshore marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - D Ryu
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - J A Webb
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - A Lintern
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - D Waters
- Queensland Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - D Guo
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - A W Western
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Mitra S, Sarkar SK, Raja P, Biswas JK, Murugan K. Dissolved trace elements in Hooghly (Ganges) River Estuary, India: Risk assessment and implications for management. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 133:402-414. [PMID: 30041329 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The study presents a spatio-seasonal distribution of 13 trace elements in the surface water (0-5 cm) along the north-south gradient of Hooghly River Estuary, India, and subsequently evaluates the human health risk by adopting USEPA standards. An overall homogeneous spatial distribution of elements was pronounced, whereas an irregular and inconsistent seasonal pattern were recorded for the majority of the elements. The concentration range (μg/l) of the elements and their relative variability were obtained as follows in the decreasing order: Al (55,458-104,955) > Fe (35,676-78,427) > Mn (651.76-975.78) > V (85.15-147.70) > Si (16.0-153.88) > Zn (26.94-105.32) > Cr (21.61-106.02) > Ni (19.64-66.72) > Cu (34.70-65.80) > Pb (26.40-37.48) > Co (11.16-23.01) > As (0.10-8.20) > Cd (1.19-5.53). Although Pb, Ni, Cr, Al, Fe, and Mn exceeded the WHO prescribed threshold limit for drinking water, Metal Pollution Index values (8.02-11.86) superseded the upper threshold limit endorsing adverse impact on biota. The studied elements were justified to have a non-carcinogenic risk as derived from hazard quotient and hazard index values. However, the trace elements As, Cd, Pb, and Cr exceeded the upper limit of cancer risk (10-4), thereby leading to carcinogenic risk concern for both children and adult population groups, where children are more susceptible than the adults. Hence, evaluation of bioavailable fractions of the elements is required for proper management of this stressed fluvial system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumita Mitra
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta 700019, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta 700019, India.
| | - Pushpanathan Raja
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation (IISWC), Research Centre, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu 643 004, India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Department of Ecological Studies and International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia 741235, India
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